CN102150610B - Efficient broad bean hybrid breeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient broad bean hybrid breeding method which comprises the steps of: 1, castrating: selecting a hybrid flower, clamping the top end of vexil and a connecting part of the vexil and flower base by using a nipper from one semicircular arc side of the vexil, and slightly clamping and completely extracting petals, wherein an included angle of the nipper and the flower back line is 30 DEG; 2, pollinating: pollinating in the same day or on the next day at 12-16 o'clock, selecting a male parent flower dispersing pollen or just dispersing pollen, clamping pollen particles subjected to just pollen dispersing, and coating the pollen particles on an exposed stigma of the female parent flower; 3, sleeving; and 4, pruning. The petals are clamped and completely pulled out by using the nipper, hybridization castration speed is high, the stigma is not damaged and is exposed so as to be convenient for pollinating; after the castration is finished, the female parent flower has no petals and anthers without inducing insects, isolation measures do not need to be taken, and the defects of secondary damage and the like caused to the female parent flower by adopting the isolation measures are avoided after the pollination is finished, therefore, working efficiency and hybridization fruiting success rate are both superior to that of the traditional method.

Description

Efficient broad bean cross breeding method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of broad bean cross breeding method.

Background technology

Because the ripening rate of broad bean is generally lower, therefore in the crossbreeding work of broad bean,, just must does more hybridization and spend number in order to obtain certain crossbreed subnumber.In broad bean crossbreeding process, castrating hybridization is one of important step.In the past; After some scientific research institutions still adopt selected suitable hybridization to spend both at home and abroad up to now; Push vexil, ala and keel aside with tweezers, ten pieces of flower pesticide are taken out one by one again, traditional broad bean of taking then on pistil stigma, to smear pollen is castrated cross breeding method.Also need to isolate after castrating pollination, in case insect pollination such as honeybee, thrips with guard.It is low that this method is castrated hybridization efficiency, and cause easily castration not thoroughly, castrate and be prone to hinder consequence such as maternal column cap during pollination, cause the hybridization failure.Gu Wenxiang, Feng Fujin adopted thumb and forefinger to pinch the suitable flower of female parent flower honor in jail in 1985; Tweezers become 15～20 degree angles with the vexil lineback; The petal that (as shown in Figure 1) clamped and all extracted to petal is gently once pulled out the castration method and is carried out the broad bean crossbreeding, makes work efficiency improve 2～3 times.

Summary of the invention

To the above-mentioned deficiency that prior art exists, it is higher to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of operating efficiency, the broad bean cross breeding method that cross-fertile has higher success rate.

A kind of efficient broad bean cross breeding method provided by the invention, this method comprises the steps:

(1) castrates: after the at first selected suitable hybridization of spending long 1.6～2.0cm is spent; A side that is semicircular arc from vexil; Clamp the junction of vexil top and vexil and flower honor with tweezers; Tweezers are 30 degree with the angle of flower lineback; Then petal is clamped gently and all extracted; The direction of exerting oneself when extracting is consistent with the direction of broad bean flower growth, castrates and finishes;

(2) pollination: castrate back pollination on the same day or pollination every other day, pollination time is controlled at 12～16 points, and the temperature of pollination is controlled at 16～25 degrees centigrade; At first select soon loose powder or the just male parent flower of spending long 1.8～2.2cm of loose powder; Pollen grain is taken out and put into clean culture dish, be lower than 15 degrees centigrade as if outdoor temperature, the pollen grain of male parent flower is loose powder not; The method scene of then adopting the hot-water bag heating is to being equipped with the culture dish heating of pollen grain; The temperature of hot-water bag is 35～40 degrees centigrade, is controlled at heating 4.5～5.5 minutes heat time heating time, splits and sheds pollen until the pollen grain with vigor; Just the pollen grain of loose powder presss from both sides out with tweezers then, and the pollen flower of female parent that is applied in is gently exposed on the column cap, and pollination finishes;

(3) cover board: next joint position of the hybridization flower after pollination puts label, writes male parent and female parent on the label exactly;

(4) training: the cover bridge queen, all flowers except that the hybridization flower on the branch of doing hybridization are all removed, remove the shoot tip meristem of this branch simultaneously.

A kind of broad bean cross method provided by the invention compared with prior art, has following advantage:

1, this method is clamped petal once with tweezers and is all extracted, and the speed of castrating when carrying out broad bean hybridization is fast, can not damage column cap; The stigma appearing of flower of female parent is convenient to pollination; After the castration; Maternal flower does not have petal and flower pesticide; Do not lure insects such as honeybee, thrips, need not take quarantine measures, do not exist after the pollination and adopt quarantine measures flower of female parent to be caused drawbacks such as secondary damage; Therefore operating efficiency exceeds more than 2 times than conventional method, and the cross-fertile success rate improves nearly 1 times than conventional method.

2, in addition, this method need not pinch colored honor with hand, and petal pulls out once that to castrate success rate higher, does not have the impaired situation of ovary, so operating efficiency and cross-fertile success rate all are higher than the Gu Wenxiang method.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 once castrates the sketch map of method for Gu Wenxiang broad bean of the prior art;

The sketch map of Fig. 2 for adopting method of the present invention once to castrate;

Fig. 3 is for adopting the sketch map after method of the present invention is once castrated.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done to describe in further detail.

A kind of efficient broad bean cross breeding method, this method comprises the steps:

(1) castrates (like Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3): after the at first selected suitable hybridization of spending long 1.6～2.0cm is spent; A side that is semicircular arc from vexil; Clamp the junction of vexil top and vexil and flower honor with tweezers, tweezers are 30 degree with the angle of flower lineback, then petal are clamped gently and are all extracted; The direction of exerting oneself when extracting is consistent with the direction of broad bean flower growth, castrates and finishes (promptly castrating successfully).

(2) pollination: castrate back pollination on the same day or pollination every other day, pollination time is controlled at 12～16 points; At first select soon loose powder or the just male parent flower of spending long 1.8～2.2cm of loose powder; Pollen grain is taken out and put into clean culture dish, be lower than 15 degrees centigrade as if outdoor temperature, the pollen grain of male parent flower is loose powder not; The method scene of then adopting the hot-water bag heating is to being equipped with the culture dish heating of pollen grain; The temperature of hot-water bag is 35～40 degrees centigrade, is controlled at heating 4.5～5.5 minutes heat time heating time, splits and sheds pollen until the pollen grain with vigor; Just the pollen grain of loose powder presss from both sides out with tweezers then, and the pollen flower of female parent that is applied in is gently exposed on the column cap, and pollination finishes.

(3) cover board: next joint position of the hybridization flower after pollination puts label, writes male parent and female parent on the label exactly.

(4) training: the cover bridge queen, all flowers except that the hybridization flower on the branch of doing hybridization are all removed, remove the shoot tip meristem of this branch simultaneously.

Adopt the contrast that makes an experiment of efficient broad bean cross breeding method of the present invention and conventional hybridization method of breeding and Gu Wenxiang method, as shown in the table:

Efficient broad bean cross breeding method of the present invention and Gu Wenxiang method can both once be pulled out petal and reach and castrate successfully; Reason be since broad bean before blooming; Ten flower pesticide all wrap in the keel, and filigree is very tender and crisp again, so; As long as keel are extracted, just can ten flower pesticide all be taken out of.And the present invention clamps petal with tweezers and once all extracts, and the speed of castrating when carrying out the broad bean crossbreeding is fast, can not damage column cap; The stigma appearing of flower of female parent is convenient to pollination; After the castration; Maternal flower does not have petal and flower pesticide; Do not lure insects such as honeybee, thrips, need not take quarantine measures, do not exist after the pollination and adopt quarantine measures flower of female parent to be caused drawbacks such as secondary damage; Therefore operating efficiency all exceeds more than 2 times than conventional method, and the cross-fertile success rate improves nearly 1 times than conventional method.In addition, need pinch jail flower honor with hand when the Gu Wenxiang method is castrated, can flower of female parent integral body be pulled out as not pinching jail flower honor; Pinch to such an extent that too tightly then can damage ovary; Influenced the cross-fertile success rate, and cross method of the present invention need not pinch colored honor with hand, it is higher that petal is once pulled out the castration success rate; Do not have the impaired situation of ovary, so the cross-fertile success rate is higher than the Gu Wenxiang method.

Explanation is at last; Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention is specified, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention; And not breaking away from the aim and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. an efficient broad bean cross breeding method is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:

(1) castrates: after the at first selected suitable hybridization of spending long 1.6～2.0cm is spent; As shown in Figure 2; A side that is semicircular arc from vexil; Clamp the junction of vexil top and vexil and flower honor with tweezers; Tweezers are 30 degree with the angle of flower lineback; Then petal is clamped gently and all extracted, the direction of exerting oneself when extracting is consistent with the direction of broad bean flower growth, castrates and finishes;

(2) pollination: castrate back pollination on the same day or pollination every other day, pollination time is controlled at 12～16 points, and the temperature of pollination is controlled at 16～25 degrees centigrade; At first select soon loose powder or the just male parent flower of spending long 1.8～2.2cm of loose powder; Pollen grain is taken out and put into clean culture dish, be lower than 15 degrees centigrade as if outdoor temperature, the pollen grain of male parent flower is loose powder not; The method scene of then adopting the hot-water bag heating is to being equipped with the culture dish heating of pollen grain; The temperature of hot-water bag is 35～40 degrees centigrade, is controlled at heating 4.5～5.5 minutes heat time heating time, splits and sheds pollen until the pollen grain with vigor; Just the pollen grain of loose powder presss from both sides out with tweezers then, and the pollen flower of female parent that is applied in is gently exposed on the column cap, and pollination finishes;

(3) cover board: next joint position of the hybridization flower after pollination puts label, writes male parent and female parent on the label exactly;

(4) training: the cover bridge queen, all flowers except that the hybridization flower on the branch of doing hybridization are all removed, remove the shoot tip meristem of this branch simultaneously.

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