CN101601369A

CN101601369A - Wheat hybridizing method

Info

Publication number: CN101601369A
Application number: CNA2008100499902A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈天民
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-06-10
Filing date: 2008-06-10
Publication date: 2009-12-16

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of wheat hybridizing method, comprise: the main fringe of selecting robust growth on the maternal plant, the small ear of the base portion of the main fringe of described female parent and top ateliosis is removed, each full grown small ear is only stayed first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua on both sides, finish whole fringe process; Each described first Xiao Hua and second little flower shears are gone 1/3rd, make three flower pesticide of each described first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua equal, finish the clever process of cutting with clever shell; Three flower pesticide of each described first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua are removed the formation column cap, on the main fringe of female parent, put the clear glass paper bag, finish the castration process; Shelved 4～8 days, and adopted sth. made by twisting fringe mode to pollinate for ripe column cap, finish pollinating process.The present invention adopts the mode cut grain husk, need not in castrating step interior coetonium shell be pressed off, make the present invention have easy and simple to handle, be easy to the wheat hybridizing seed purity height grasping, gather in the crops and characteristics such as effective.

Description

Wheat hybridizing method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the crops production method, particularly a kind of wheat hybridizing method.

Background technology

The Triticum self pollination crop, floral organ is little, and the natural hybrization rate is extremely low.In order to improve breeding efficiency, promote interracial genetic recombination, the artificial sexual hybridization of carrying out wheat is a method the most frequently used in the wheat breeding.But because wheat is bloomed the temperature and the relative moisture in field are had relatively high expectations, cause wheat flowering time short (about 15～20 minutes), pollen only can be survived 20 minutes under field condition.In addition, the part wheat breed is for closing grain husk pollination, and pollen drops on the column cap and just to begin to sprout in 1～2 hour.Therefore, the crossbreeding between wheat breed is very difficult.

In China, a kind of method of always continuing to use for a long time is, cuts off awns after main fringe is extracted the boot leaf leaf sheath out, removes the Xiao Hua at small ear middle part, only stays first and second Xiao Hua of small ear both sides, then by having spent hero, gets male parent flower pesticide after the stigma development maturation again by the flower pollination.This method takes a lot of work, time-consuming, and be subjected to the restriction that the wheat flowering time is short and the pollen time-to-live lacks, cause wheat hybridizing efficient low, seed amount is few.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of improved wheat hybridizing method, the defective at existing wheat hybridizing method can guarantee can obtain at short notice more hybrid combination seed, improves the ripening rate of wheat hybridizing.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of wheat hybridizing method, comprising:

The maternal main fringe of robust growth removes the small ear of the base portion of the main fringe of described female parent and top ateliosis on step 1, the selection maternal plant, each full grown small ear is only stayed first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua on both sides;

Step 2, each described first Xiao Hua and second little flower shears are gone 1/3rd, make three flower pesticide of each described first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua equal with clever shell;

Step 3, three flower pesticide of each described first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua are removed form column caps, on the main fringe of female parent, put the clear glass paper bag;

Step 4, shelved 4～8 days, adopt for ripe column cap to twist with the fingers the fringe mode and pollinate.

The main fringe of described female parent is specially the wheat head that base portion leaves 0.5 centimetre in leaf sheath.

Three flower pesticide of each described first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua are removed form column caps and specifically comprise: three flower pesticide of described first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua are removed the formation column cap according to mode from up to down in the clever shell of described Xiao Hua with tweezers.

Putting the clear glass paper bag on the main fringe of female parent is specially: put the clear glass paper bag of long 15 centimetres, wide 5 centimetres and both ends open, with the flat pleat in described clear glass paper bag top, following following joint around main fringe pins with pin respectively pleat.

The column cap of described maturation is specially: be featheriness, moistening glossiness column cap.

The described pollination to ripe column cap employing sth. made by twisting fringe mode specifically comprises:

Step 41, select the paternal plant middle part to have 1～2 flower pesticide to expose male parent master's fringe of clever shell, and flower pesticide is yellow;

Step 42, described male parent master's fringe is pulled up, utilized friction mode to impel the Xiao Hua on described male parent master's fringe open rapidly;

Step 43, the clever shell of described male parent master's fringe is cut off 1/4th, expose flower pesticide;

Step 44, open the suitable for reading of described transparent paper bag, described male parent master's fringe is inserted wherein, make male parent master fringe twisted, the pollen of described male parent master's fringe evenly is scattered on the column cap of described maturation, seal described transparent paper bag around the main fringe of described female parent.The invention provides a kind of wheat hybridizing method,, need not in castrating step, interior coetonium shell be pressed off owing to adopt the mode cut grain husk, make the present invention have easy and simple to handle, be easy to the wheat hybridizing seed purity height grasping, gather in the crops and characteristics such as effective; Owing to adopt the mode cut grain husk, make outside the column cap of the small ear that stays is exposed to fully, be convenient to intravarietal hybridization, make the cross-fertile rate more than 95%, the cross-fertile rate is than 3～5 times of conventional hybridization technology improves; Owing to adopt sth. made by twisting fringe mode to pollinate, at short notice, improved the success rate of hybrid combination seed.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of wheat hybridizing method of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of pollinating method of the present invention.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of wheat hybridizing method of the present invention, specifically may further comprise the steps:

Step 1, select the maternal main fringe of robust growth on the maternal plant, the small ear of the base portion of the main fringe of described female parent and top ateliosis is removed, each full grown small ear is only stayed first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua on both sides, finish the fringe process of putting in order;

Step 2, each described first Xiao Hua and second little flower shears are gone 1/3rd, make three flower pesticide of each described first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua equal, finish the clever process of cutting with clever shell;

Step 3, three flower pesticide of each described first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua are removed form column caps, on main fringe, put the clear glass paper bag, finish the castration process;

Step 4, shelved 4～8 days, adopt for ripe column cap to twist with the fingers the fringe mode and pollinate, finish pollinating process.

Wherein, in the step 1, select the maternal main fringe of robust growth on the maternal plant, the small ear of main fringe base portion of female parent and top ateliosis is removed, each full grown small ear is only stayed first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua on both sides, finish whole fringe process.Further, the base portion of described main fringe leaves 0.5 centimetre in leaf sheath.

Wherein, in the step 2, described first Xiao Hua and second little flower shears are gone 1/3rd, be specially and hurt column cap.

Wherein, in the step 3, specific practice: clamp maternal main fringe with left hand thumb and middle finger, with the fixing small ear of forefinger, the right hand stretches in the Xiao Hua with tweezers three flower pesticide is pressed from both sides out, preferably once removes, attention can not hurt column cap, flower pesticide is not clipped broken simultaneously,, should extract this Xiao Hua in case clip broken, and clean forceps tips with cotton ball soaked in alcohol, be attached to top pollen to kill, castration should be undertaken by flower in order from top to bottom, does not omit.

Further, described clear glass paper bag is specially: be about 15 centimetres, wide about 5 centimetres, two ends are the Callophane Bag of open-ended all, and effect is to prevent to accept foreign pollen.When Callophane Bag was enclosed within on the main fringe of described female parent, with the flat pleat in described clear glass paper bag top, the following following joint that centers on main fringe pinned with pin respectively pleat.

Further, wheat hybridizing method of the present invention uses the clear glass paper bag to replace sulfuric acid paper bag of the prior art, has made things convenient for the technical staff to observe the situation of stigma development.

Further, after the castration process is finished, finish writing label, indicate parent's title, the castration time.

Wherein, in the step 4, shelved 4～8 days, adopt sth. made by twisting fringe mode to pollinate for ripe column cap, finish pollinating process.

Further, the time of pollination mainly decides with the stigma development situation, and ripe column cap is featheriness, and moistening glossy.Shelved after castration process is generally speaking finished 4～8 days, the column cap maturation can be pollinated, if whole fringe is later, the column cap growth time is grown partially, castrates the back and can pollinate in 1～3 day.

In the present embodiment, the mode by grain husk is cut in employing need not press off interior coetonium shell in the castration process, and makes outside the column cap of the small ear that stays is exposed to fully.This mode is easy and simple to handle, is easy to grasp, and has improved the probability of intravarietal crossing simultaneously, makes the cross-fertile rate bring up to 95%, and the wheat hybridizing seed purity of results is high and effective.

Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of pollinating method of the present invention, specifically may further comprise the steps:

Step 41, select the paternal plant middle part to have 1～2 flower pesticide to expose male parent master's fringe of clever shell, and flower pesticide is yellow, finishes the male parent selection course;

Step 42, described male parent master's fringe is pulled up, utilized friction mode to impel the Xiao Hua on described male parent master's fringe open rapidly, finish the flower forcing process.

Step 43, the clever shell of described male parent master's fringe is cut off 1/4th, expose flower pesticide, finish male parent and cut clever process;

Step 44, open the suitable for reading of described transparent paper bag, described male parent master's fringe is inserted wherein, make male parent master fringe twisted, the pollen of described male parent master's fringe evenly is scattered on the column cap of described maturation around the main fringe of described female parent, seal described transparent paper bag, finish and twist with the fingers the fringe pollinating process.

Wherein, in the step 42, utilize friction mode to impel the Xiao Hua on the described main fringe open rapidly, can come the pumpback position in the hand, can also heat a moment, impel Xiao Hua open rapidly for described main fringe being put in the electricity temperature pollination case for being placed on;

Wherein, in the step 44, during pollination, the main fringe of female parent is pollinated with a male parent master fringe.In addition, after pollination finishes, indicate the male parent title, hang over pollination fringe bottom with drop;

In the present embodiment, pollinate, prolonged the time-to-live of pollen under field condition, simplified pollinating process, improved the success rate of hybrid combination seed by adopting sth. made by twisting fringe mode.

It should be noted that at last: above embodiment is only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described but not limit it, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and these modifications or be equal to replacement and also can not make amended technical scheme break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1, a kind of wheat hybridizing method is characterized in that, comprising:

Step 3, three flower pesticide of each described first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua are removed form column caps, on main fringe, put the clear glass paper bag;

2, wheat hybridizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the main fringe of described female parent is specially the wheat head that base portion leaves 0.5 centimetre in leaf sheath.

3, wheat hybridizing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, three flower pesticide of each described first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua are removed form column caps and specifically comprise: three flower pesticide of described first Xiao Hua and second Xiao Hua are removed the formation column cap according to mode from up to down in the clever shell of described Xiao Hua with tweezers.

4, wheat hybridizing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, putting the clear glass paper bag on the main fringe of female parent is specially: the clear glass paper bag that puts long 15 centimetres, wide 5 centimetres and both ends open, with the flat pleat in described clear glass paper bag top, the following following joint that centers on main fringe pins with pin respectively pleat.

5, wheat hybridizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the column cap of described maturation is specially: be featheriness, moistening glossiness column cap.

6, wheat hybridizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described pollination to ripe column cap employing sth. made by twisting fringe mode specifically comprises:

Step 44, open the suitable for reading of described transparent paper bag, described male parent master's fringe is inserted wherein, make male parent master fringe twisted, the pollen of described male parent master's fringe evenly is scattered on the column cap of described maturation, seal described transparent paper bag around the main fringe of described female parent.