CN102197764A

CN102197764A - Method for grafting walnut tree

Info

Publication number: CN102197764A
Application number: CN2011101419659A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汪锋
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-05-30
Filing date: 2011-05-30
Publication date: 2011-09-28
Anticipated expiration: 2031-05-30
Also published as: CN102197764B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for grafting a walnut tree. The method of the invention adopts the single bud cutting grafting method, the loam which is on the sunny side and loosened is selected in the preparation of a seed bed of the walnut tree, the soil of the planting layer in the seed bed is transferred out of the seed bed, the bottom part of the seed bed is flattened, and a heat insulating layer of the seed bed of the walnut tree is paved on the flattened seed bed; the heat insulating layer of the grafting seed bed of the walnut tree comprises four layers: the bottom layer is saw dust which is 2 to 10cm in thickness, the second layer is a food preservative film, the third layer is a heating layer formed by heating wires, the both ends of the heating wires are connected with an electric wire in parallel, the electric wire is connected to a temperature controller and an AC contactor, and the top layer is the saw dust which is 2 to 10cm in thickness; and the seed bed of the walnut tree is placed in a greenhouse. By adopting the planting method, the callus tissues of the walnut grafting body is guaranteed to form in 12 days, and the survival rate is more than 90 percent.

Description

The grafting method of walnut

Technical field

The invention belongs to the agricultural planting field, particularly the walnut graft technology.

Background technology

The grafting of walnut generally is selected in early spring, adopts dormant wood, utilizes whip grafting.Because the bleeding of walnut stock is heavy, the branch medulla influences grafting survival greatly, and extensively having carried out some for many years both at home and abroad manually provides heat energy to improve the method for graft survival rate, as computer automatic controlled conditioning, and electric heating bed, greenhouses etc. are obtained certain effect.But these method and measure expense costlinesses, cost height, condition strictness, difficulty are big, in China and the vast walnut of our province main producing region, are difficult for applying.In order to improve graft survival rate, provide heat energy very necessary with the method that improves graft survival rate.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of walnut grafting, this method is simple to operate, the survival rate height.

For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:

The grafting method of walnut specifically may further comprise the steps:

The preparation in A, walnut grafting seedbed

Select physical features and the loam of loosing soil on the sunny side, the soil of plow layer in the bed is transferred to outside the walnut sapling grafting bed, make at the bottom of the walnut grafting seedbed smooth, on at the bottom of the smooth walnut grafting seedbed, spread the heat-insulation layer of making walnut grafting seedbed then, the heat-insulation layer in walnut grafting seedbed comprises four layers, bottom is that thickness is 2-10 centimetre wood chip, the second layer is the food fresh keeping film, the 3rd layer is heating layer, form by the heating line, heating line two ends electricity consumption line parallel, electric wire is received on temperature controller and the A.C. contactor, top layer is that thickness is 2-10 centimetre wood chip, and described walnut seedbed is arranged in booth;

B, grafting

The scion of cutting is inserted in the stock otch, scion and stock cambium is fitted tightly, and fixing and scion bud point is exposed with the film tape binding, grafting;

C, bury

Grafting is placed on the heat-insulation layer in walnut seedbed, being the miter angle degree puts, mix with the soil of wood chip and plow layer volume ratio with 1:1-2, matrix, grafting is all covered with matrix, the thickness that covers matrix is counted 1-2cm with the top of scion, and pave, substrate temperature is the 28-32 degree in the bed, soil humidity is 55%, temperature is the 20-28 degree in the bed, and humidity is 70-90%.

Further, with being equivalent to the thiophanate-methyl of 1000 times of matrix volumes to the matrix disinfection;

Further, among the step C, grafting is all covered, the thickness that covers matrix is counted 1cm with the top of scion.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: use this kind method for planting can guarantee that 12 days callus of walnut grafting body form, survival rate is more than 90%.

Embodiment

One, overview experimental field

Experimental field be located at Wuxi County Wen Feng town head Sha Cun, this ground is positioned at the level land, north latitude 78 degree, east longitude 19 degree, height above sea level 1020m.Belong to warm wet monsoon climatic region, subtropics.Year-round average temperature 16 degree, the hottest month temperature 30 degree, the coldest month temperature is subzero 10 degree, annual precipitation 1200mm.Effectively growth is 210 days.Soil is loam, and soil structure is good.

One, experiment material

Cultivating the graft stock seed is local common walnut seed, and early real or late real walnut branch are picked up from scion.

Three, the experimental technique of grafting

Grafting method has bud sheet pith-cambium grafting method, simple bud cut-grafting method, cleft graft, long shoot tongue grafting and two bud cut-grafting methods etc.Adopted simple bud cut-grafting method in the present embodiment, be specially:

Cut bud: left hand is held scion, and the scion top is facing to oneself, and the one side that scion is smooth is close to forefinger.The right hand is held grafting knife, at bud point the place ahead 1.5 centimeters cutter of splaying forward, becomes 45 degree approximately, again the smooth one side of scion is turned over upwards, on the bud point side or under, put down forward and cut a cutter, with the cortex of just pruning, do not cut and wooden or more wooden for the degree, bevel is smooth.The scion of cutting is wrapped with the wet cloth of cleaning or is placed standby with the basin that fills running water.

Cut anvil: the stock clip is split into 45 with cutter.About even surface, below the inclined-plane along between xylem and the phloem, rip cutting downwards, just not hinder xylem for well to cambium, incision length is identical with the scion bevel, and the cortex epimere that cuts off is cut 2/3rds.

The grafting fringe: take out scion and insert in the stock otch from water, scion and stock cambium are fitted tightly, the stock tangent plane is during greater than the scion bevel, and scion coincide cambium mutually and aligns near stock on one side.

Colligation: with the film tape of 33～40 centimetres of length, tie up the middle part earlier, tie up the bottom again, after bind portion, respectively, break into knot at last around 3～4 circles.Tie up and want the degree of tightness appropriateness, shake with have gentle hands that scion is not loose is advisable.Except that scion bud point exposed, all envelope was real for all the other.

Four, the heat-insulation layer in walnut grafting seedbed

1, makes bed

The long 15m in walnut grafting seedbed, wide 5m.The selection physical features on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the loam of loosing soil is for well.The soil of plow layer in the bed is transported to outside the walnut grafting seedbed, and it is standby to pile rickle, smooth at the bottom of the walnut grafting seedbed.Build the low bank of earth between fields of high 0.6m around the walnut grafting seedbed with soil, ditching all around outside the ridge, degree of depth 0.1m under bottom surface, walnut grafting seedbed is advisable.Walnut grafting seedbed is arranged in the booth.Walnut grafting bed has the heat-insulation layer in described walnut grafting seedbed.

2, the heat-insulation layer in walnut grafting seedbed

The heat-insulation layer in described walnut grafting seedbed comprises four layers, bottom is that thickness is the bright wood chip of 4 centimetres (2-10cm all can), the second layer is a plastic film, the 3rd layer is heating layer, form by the heating line, heating line two ends electricity consumption line parallel, electric wire is received on temperature controller and the A.C. contactor, the heating line is spaced apart 10 centimetres in same plane, also can be set at interval less than 10cm, and in the middle of considering that periphery density is slightly larger than, heating line two ends electricity consumption line parallel, electric wire is received on temperature controller and the A.C. contactor.Top layer is that thickness is 4 centimetres bright wood chip.Described heating line is a carbon fiber heating line, available from auspicious Shen infrared electric heating technology Co., Ltd, model RS30-5-P.

3, go into bed

Will use 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate-methyl to the grafting strict sterilization before going into bed, but grafting part can not sterilize, will be placed in the bed, accomplish that root system is not overlapping to be advisable, be the miter angle degree and put through the good walnut seedling of grafting.Mix with wood chip and standby soil, volume ratio is that 1:1-2 is advisable, and water content 55% all covers whole graft, and the top end cover 1cm of scion is advisable, and paves.The sensor of temperature controller is inserted in the soil, and the degree of depth is advisable with the root of graft.

4 temperature and humidity control

Substrate temperature is advisable with 30 degree in the walnut grafting seedbed, humidity 55%, and temperature is the 25-28 degree in the bed, humidity is 70-90%.

5 results

Graft survived in 12 days, and callus forms, and survival rate is more than 90%.

Among the present invention, the walnut seedbed is called for short in walnut grafting seedbed.

Explanation is at last, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although by invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make various changes to it in the form and details, and the spirit and scope of the present invention that do not depart from appended claims and limited.

Claims

1. the grafting method of walnut is characterized in that, specifically may further comprise the steps:

The preparation in A, walnut grafting seedbed

Select physical features and the loam of loosing soil on the sunny side, the soil of plow layer in the bed is transferred to outside the walnut grafting seedbed, make at the bottom of the walnut grafting seedbed smooth, on at the bottom of the smooth walnut grafting seedbed, spread the heat-insulation layer of making walnut grafting seedbed then, the heat-insulation layer in walnut grafting seedbed comprises four layers, bottom is that thickness is 2-10 centimetre wood chip, the second layer is the food fresh keeping film, the 3rd layer is heating layer, form by the heating line, heating line two ends electricity consumption line parallel, electric wire is received on temperature controller and the A.C. contactor, top layer is that thickness is 2-10 centimetre wood chip, and described walnut grafting berth is in booth;

B, grafting

C, bury

2. the grafting method of walnut according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the grafting method of walnut according to claim 1 is characterized in that: with being equivalent to the thiophanate-methyl of 1000 times of matrix volumes to the matrix disinfection.

3. the grafting method of walnut according to claim 1 is characterized in that: among the step C, grafting is all covered, the thickness that covers matrix is counted 1cm with the top of scion.