CN102186694A - 混合能量转换系统 - Google Patents

混合能量转换系统 Download PDF

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CN102186694A
CN102186694A CN2009801409499A CN200980140949A CN102186694A CN 102186694 A CN102186694 A CN 102186694A CN 2009801409499 A CN2009801409499 A CN 2009801409499A CN 200980140949 A CN200980140949 A CN 200980140949A CN 102186694 A CN102186694 A CN 102186694A
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electrical
motor
energy
energy storage
converting system
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艾伦·马丁
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ARB GREENPOWER LLC
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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Abstract

描述了一种混合能量转换系统，其利用被配置为在变化的机械负载条件下以大体上均匀的旋转速度输出机械能的驱动发动机。机械能用于转动机械地耦合到驱动发动机的发电机。从发电机输出的电能然后用于为耦合到机械负载的电动机提供动力。

Description

混合能量转换系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是非临时申请，其根据美国法典第35篇第119条要求申请人于2008年9月26日提交的共同未决的美国临时申请系列号61/100,521的利益和优先权。本申请也与过期的于2007年4月20日提交的美国临时申请系列号60/913,245相关。前述临时申请都通过引用全文包括在此，如同在本文对其做了充分阐述。
相关发明领域
本发明的实施方式大体上涉及能量转换系统，且更具体地，涉及适用于推进和其他实现的能量转换系统。
背景技术
传统的能量转换系统通常依赖于将化学能转换为机械能的化石燃料发动机(fossil fueled engine)。为了将含在化石燃料中的化学能释放出来，燃料在控制条件下，通常在燃烧室内进行燃烧。燃烧过程依赖于将氧气与化石燃料混合的气体燃料混合物，其将化学能释放为热和压力，化学能随后转化为可使用的机械能。使用化石燃料的能量转换具有许多缺点，包括但不限于，较低的化学能到机械能的转换效率，产生有毒的化学副产品及产生温室气体，仅举几例。
由于容易得到的化石燃料的供应减少，所以正在寻找单独使用化石燃料的替代。例如，化石燃料广泛用于机动交通工具，而机动交通工具为产生烟雾和温室气体的主要贡献者。为了减少烟雾、温室气体的排放及对使用化石燃料的依赖，正在开发将电能转换为机械能的混合推进系统。混合推进系统提供较高的能量转换效率，且释放相当少的有毒副产品和温室气体。
因此，适于宽范围的交通工具和其他实现的混合能量转换系统对于保存可用的非运输需求的化石燃料储备和保护全球环境是高度可取和必要的。
概述
描述了利用驱动发动机(drive engine)的混合能量转换系统，所述驱动发动机被配置为在变化的机械负载条件下以大体上均匀的旋转速度输出机械能。该机械能用于转动机械地耦合到驱动发动机的发电机的转子。用于转动发电机的转子的驱动发动机的类型可以为任何类型。通过举例但不是限制，蒸汽发动机、电动机、内燃发动机、风力涡轮机、涡轮发动机、气动发动机、或水力发动机可用于实现特定的设计目的。
发电机利用径向地且均匀地附加到由驱动发动机转动的转子的多个稀土磁体以感应在发电机的定子绕组内的电能流。稀土磁体通常由钕或钐的合金构成。每个稀土磁体产生至少5000高斯的表面场。从发电机输出的电能通常为10kW左右，但可以缩小或放大以适应特定的设计目的。
从发电机输出的电能然后用于为在大体上均匀的机械负载下运行的电动机提供动力。电动机的类型可为直流串绕电动机、永磁体直流电动机或三相交流感应电动机。
电能存储单元并联连接到发电机的输出。电能存储单元包括被配置为提供电能的储器的电容能量存储电池，该电能足以补偿电动机的电能需求超过了发电机的电能输出情况下暂时的电能短缺。电能存储单元也可包括一个或多个电池。在生成的电能超过电动机的电能需求的其他时间，电能存储单元可由发电机充电。在下降的机械负载条件下通常发生电能存储单元的充电。
提供了电控制器以调节从发电机和/或电能存储单元流到电动机的电能流。也可提供电调节器以调节流到电能存储单元和来自电能存储单元的电能流。电调节器控制电能存储单元的充电和放电的速率。电调节器可包含到发电机、电能存储单元或电控制器的电路中。
根据使用的电动机的类型，混合能量转换系统也可包括直流到交流逆变器，其被配置为对三相交流感应电动机提供交流电。
附图说明
当结合附图考虑时，从以下的详细描述，特征和优势将变得明显。在可能的地方，相同的参考数字和符号用于标示相同的特征、元件、部件或子系统。用虚线示出的部件意在图解可选的装备或发明环境。意在只要不背离由权利要求主要限定的主题发明实施方式的真实范围和精神，就可以对各种描述的实施方式进行改变和修改。
图1描述了根据一个示例性实施方式的混合能量转换系统的整体示意图。
图1A描述了根据一个示例性实施方式的发电机的整体示意图。
图2描述了根据一个示例性实施方式的混合能量转换系统的交通工具实现。
图3A描述了根据一个示例性实施方式的混合能量转换系统的摩托艇实现。
图3B描述了根据一个示例性实施方式的混合能量转换系统的另一个摩托艇实现。
图4A描述了根据一个示例性实施方式的混合能量转换系统的静态实现。
图4B描述了根据一个示例性实施方式的混合能量转换系统的另一个静态实现。
详述
描述了利用驱动发动机的混合能量转换系统，所述驱动发动机被配置为在变化的机械负载条件下以大体上均匀的旋转速度输出机械能。该机械能用于转动机械地耦合到驱动发动机的发电机的转子。
参考图1，描述了根据一个示例性实施方式的混合能量转换系统的整体示意图。在一个实施方式中，驱动发动机5被示出为机械耦合到发电机10的转子10b。驱动发动机5用于转动发电机10的转子10b。用于转动发电机10的转子10b的驱动发动机5的类型可以为任何类型。作为示例而不是限制，蒸汽发动机、电动机、内燃发动机、风力涡轮机、涡轮发动机、气动发动机或水力发动机可用于实现特定的设计目的。驱动发动机5被配置为当发电机10运行在满输出容量时，以大体上恒定的旋转速度运行。对于典型的四汽缸4循环内燃发动机而言，旋转速度通常为每分钟约3000转。驱动发动机5的实际旋转速度可以改变以适应和/或优化其他驱动发动机类型的运行。用于转动发电机10的转子10b的驱动发动机5的选取应包括考虑燃料消耗、发动机占空比、发动机效率和减少在可应用的地方产生不需要的燃烧副产品。
发电机10还包括多个固定的定子绕组10a，及多个附加到转子10b的稀土磁体10c。当用于交通工具推进实现时，定子绕组10a渐增地定尺寸以连续传送至少100安的电流。可基于三相交流电流而不是直流电流来确定定子绕组10a的线规的尺寸，如此减小发电机10的总重量和成本。
稀土磁体10c被配置为当转子10b由驱动发动机5转动时，感应在发电机10的定子绕组10a中的电能流(电流)。稀土磁体10c代替通常用于形成现代交通工具交流发电机中的电磁体的直流场绕组。因此，使用稀土磁体10c允许发电机10自激励。
在一个实施方式中，感应的电能流由多个将内部产生的三相交变电流(AC)转换为直流电流(DC)的整流器10d进行整流。该整流器配置等效于那些包括在现代交流发电机设计中的整流器配置，且尺寸被设计成连续输出用于交通工具推进实现的100安的电流。发电机输出电压通常在直流100-150伏的范围内。
发电机10输出的电能由电控制器25进行调节。电控制器25调节流到用于驱动机械负载45的电动机40的电能流。在一个实施方式中，节流阀30电耦合到电控制器25。节流阀30被配置为允许用户控制从电控制器25到电动机40的电能流。节流阀30可被配置为加速踏板、控制杆或刻度盘以控制流到电动机40的能量流。适合的商业制造的控制器从Cloud Electric Vehicles，204 Ellison St，Clarkesville，GA 30523(例如，Controller Curtis 1231C-8601)，Kellv Controllers，www.kellvcontroller.com(例如，kdh14650b)；EV Source LLC，695 West 1725 N，Logan，UT 84321(例如，Zilla Z1K)可购买到。许多商业制造的电控制器提供计算机通信接口(例如，RS-232C)，其允许设置各种电控制器参数和/或在操作期间自动控制各种控制器功能。
电动机40可为DC串绕电动机、永磁体DC电动机或三相AC感应电动机。对于交通工具实现，电动机运行在100-150伏的电压范围内。在利用三相AC感应电动机的实施方式中，提供逆变器35以将从发电机10输出的整流的DC电压转换为三相AC。适合的商业制造的逆变器从Metric Mind Corporation，9808 SE Derek Court，Happy Valley，OR 97086可购买到。利用三相AC感应电动机的一个优势是在交通工具实现中提供再生制动，由此AC感应电动机40在交通工具制动期间起着补充的发电机的作用。利用AC感应电动机的另一个优势是减小了将电能传输到电动机40所必需的线规。
适合的商业制造的电动机从D&D Motor Systems，Inc.，215 Park Avenue，Syracuse，NY 13204(例如，ES-31B，ES-63)；Cloud Electric Vehicles，204 Ellison St，Clarkesville，GA 30523(例如，Advanced DC FB1-4001A)；EV Source LLC，695 West 1725 N，Logan，UT 84321(例如，TransWarp9)可购买到。对于交通工具实现，具有10-100范围的马力(HP)标定的电动机40通常就足够了。
在一个实施方式中，电能存储单元20与发电机10和电动机40进行并联电耦合。当暂时超过发电机10的电能输出容量时，电能存储单元20将额外的电能提供到电动机40。调节器15与电能存储单元20并联电耦合以调节电能存储单元20的充电与放电。调节器15可直接包含在与发电机10、电能存储单元20或电控制器25相关的电路中。适合的商业制造的调节器从American Power Design，Inc.，3 Industrial Drive，Windham，NH 03087可购买到。
在一个实施方式中，电能存储单元20被配置为电容存储器20a。在另一个实施方式中，电能存储单元20还包括电池存储器20b，其与电容存储器20a并联。适合的商业可得到的电能存储单元由Xstatic Corporation，LLC，9540 West US 84，Newton，AL 36352(例如，BATCAP 2000)；Maxwell Technologies，9244 Balboa Avenue，San Diego，CA92123(例如，BoostCap HTM series)制造。对于机动交通工具实现，电能存储单元20应提供至少25kW的峰值电能。
在一个实施方式中，发电机10被构造为在连续的100-150安的电流额定值下输出直流100-150伏的电压(22.5kW)。然而，如上所述，发电机10的尺寸通过由机械负载45产生的预期需求确定。本领域技术人员将理解，包括在混合电能转换系统中的各种部件的尺寸可以实现为满足特定的设计目的。
在一个实施方式中，稀土磁体10c由钕或钐金属合金构成，且生成至少5000高斯的表面磁场强度。使用紧固件将稀土磁体10c附加到转子。各稀土磁体10c可包括奥氏体覆层或涂层以保护其更加易碎的稀土金属合金。
在一个实施方式中，十四个稀土磁体10c径向且均匀地配置在形成转子10b的轴上。本领域技术人员将理解，可以改变稀土磁体10c的数量以适应特定的设计目的。
在必须满足特定的设计目的的地方，一个或多个附加的发电机10、电能存储单元20、电控制器25和/或电动机40可与图1所示的基本的混合能量转换系统并联设置。类似地，提供了发电机10的成组配置(ganged configuration)，以适应特定的设计目的，其中，多组稀土磁体10c可附接到公共的转子10b和多个并联的定子10a。在图1A中示出了发电机10的成组配置的示例。本领域技术人员将理解，可提供较少或较多的转子和定子组件以适应特定的设计目的。
参考图2，描述了根据示例性实施方式的混合能量转换系统的交通工具实现。在一个实施方式中，内燃发动机5用于转动发电机10。从发电机10输出的电能通过电控制器25供给。电能流由电控制器25进行调节，配置为加速踏板的节流阀30被设置在该电控制器25中。加速踏板允许交通工具200的驾驶员控制流到电动机40的电能流。内燃发动机5的额定马力应等于或大于在满机械负载条件下转动发电机10的转子10b(图1)所需要的马力。
在该交通工具实施方式中，电动机40机械耦合到传动装置205，其将由电动机40输出的机械能传输到交通工具的机械负载(轮子)45。传动装置205可为标准的机动交通工具手动或自动传动装置类型。可选地，也可使用当前由Toyota，Honda，Mazda，Ford，GMC，BMW和DaimlerChrysler制造的连续可变的传动装置。
在一个实施方式中，可用另一种驱动发动机类型来代替内燃发动机5。例如，可在提供了充电电源以维持电能存储单元20的某些交通工具实现中使用电动机(未示出)。在该实例中，可提供太阳能板210的阵列以充电和维持电能存储单元20。
在交通工具200的后侧任意示出电能存储单元20的放置。本领域技术人员将理解，可改变混合能量转换系统部件的放置以满足特定的设计目的。
参考图3A和3B，描述了根据一个示例性实施方式的混合能量转换系统的摩托艇实现。在该实施方式中，利用内燃发动机5的混合能量转换系统用于经由公共的风扇-带配置(fan-belt arrangement)转动发电机10的转子10b。在一个实施方式中，如上所述，从发电机10输出的电能通过电控制器25进行供给。电能流由电控制器25进行控制，配置为控制杆30的节流阀30被设置在该电控制器25中。控制杆30允许摩托艇300的驾驶员控制流到电动机40的电能流且因此控制摩托艇的速度。
在一个摩托艇实施方式中，电动机40机械耦合到传动装置305，传动装置305将由电动机40提供的机械能输出传输到机械负载45。在图3A中，机械负载45是用于推进摩托艇300的螺旋桨。在图3B中，机械负载45是喷射式推力发动机，其通过释放高压水射流来推进摩托艇300。本领域技术人员将理解，在电动机40直接耦合到驱动螺旋桨45(图3A)或喷射式推进器45(图3B)的轴的直接驱动实现中，传动装置305可为可选的。
参考图4A和4B，描述了根据一个示例性实施方式的混合能量转换系统的静态实现。在图1示出的混合能量转换系统的主要部件(例如，电能存储单元20、电控制器35、电动机40)应假设包括在块100中。
在一个实施方式中，驱动发动机5被配置为涡轮发动机。涡轮发动机被视为适合驱动机械负载45所必需的机械能通常保持恒定的实现中，例如，抽水和/或灌溉的实现中。在图4B中，风力涡轮机可用作转动发电机10的转子10b的驱动发动机5。在一个实施方式中，传动装置405可用于将由风力涡轮机5生成的机械能传输到发电机10。可选地，风力涡轮机5可用于为电动机-发电机组(motor-generator set)(未示出)提供动力，电动机-发电机组则用于转动发电机10的转子10b。
以图解和描述的方式提供了前述示例性实施方式。它们不意在将各种发明实施方式限制到所描述的任何精确的形式和结构。特别是，期望可使用包括发电机10、调节器15、电能存储单元20(图1)、电控制器25(图1)或电动机40(图1)的混合能量转换系统的任何兼容类型的部件来执行功能实现。对于特定部件的放置或部件的类型，或用于实现特定的设计目的的类似部件的数量没有具体的限制。鉴于以上教导，其他的改变和实施方式是可行的，且不意味着该详述限制了发明实施方式的范围，而是由所附权利要求来限制。

Claims (20)

1.一种混合能量转换系统，包括：
驱动发动机，其被配置为在变化的机械负载条件下以大体均匀的旋转速度输出机械能；
发电机，其机械地耦合到所述驱动发动机，所述发电机包括附加到所述发电机的转子的多个稀土磁体，所述多个稀土磁体被配置为当所述转子由所述驱动发动机转动时，感应出所述发电机的定子中的电能流，所述电能流足以为在大体上均匀的机械负载下运行的电动机提供动力；
电能存储单元，其与所述发电机的输出并联电耦合，所述电能存储单元具有电容能量存储电池，所述电容能量存储电池被配置为提供足以补偿来自所述发电机的任何电能输出短缺的至少一部分的电能存储容量；
电控制器，其与所述发电机的所述输出和所述电能存储单元并联电耦合，所述电控制器被配置为控制流到所述电动机的电能流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，所述驱动发动机从由蒸汽发动机、电动机、内燃发动机、风力涡轮机、涡轮发动机、气动发动机和水力发动机组成的组中选取。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，所述多个稀土磁体由钕或钐的合金构成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，所述电存储单元还包括一个或多个电池。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，在下降的机械负载条件期间，所述电能存储单元使用由所述发电机生成的过量电能进行充电。
6.根据权利要求5所述的混合能量转换系统，还包括电调节器，该电调节器用于调节流到所述电能存储单元的电能流和来自所述电能存储单元的电能流。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，所述电调节器根据所述机械负载条件的变化来调节流到所述电能存储单元的电能的充电的速率和来自所述电能存储单元的电能的放电的速率。
8.根据权利要求1所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，所述电动机选自由直流串绕电动机、永磁体直流电动机和三相交流感应电动机组成的组。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合能量转换系统，还包括：被配置成为所述三相交流感应电动机提供足够的电能的直流到交流逆变器。
10.根据权利要求1所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，所述电能发电机具有至少10kW的电能输出容量。
11.根据权利要求1所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，各个所述稀土磁体产生至少5000高斯的表面场。
12.一种混合能量转换系统，包括：
内燃发动机，其被配置为在变化的机械负载条件下以大体上恒定的旋转速度输出机械能；
发电机，其机械地耦合到所述内燃发动机，所述发电机包括多个稀土磁体，所述多个稀土磁体被附加到所述发电机的转子并被配置为当所述转子由所述发动机转动时，感应出所述发电机的定子中的电能流，所述电能流足以为在大体上恒定的机械负载条件下运行的电动机提供动力；
电能存储单元，其与所述发电机的输出并联电耦合，所述电能存储单元具有电容能量存储电池，所述电容能量存储电池被配置为当所述电动机遇到变化的机械负载条件时，提供足以补偿来自所述发电机的任何电能输出短缺的至少一部分的电存储容量；
电控制器，其与所述发电机的所述输出和所述电能存储单元并联电耦合，所述电控制器被配置为控制流到所述电动机的电能流；
其中，所述电动机被配置为将机械能输出到机械负载。
13.根据权利要求12所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，所述机械负载包括轮子、螺旋桨或喷嘴。
14.根据权利要求13所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，所述机械负载还包括传动装置。
15.根据权利要求12所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，所述电能存储单元被配置为输出至少25kW的峰值。
16.根据权利要求12所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，所述电动机被配置为输出至少20马力。
17.一种混合能量转换系统，包括：
内燃发动机，其被配置为在变化的机械负载条件下以大体上恒定的旋转速度输出机械能；
发电机，其机械地耦合到所述内燃发动机，所述发电机包括多个钕合金磁体，所述多个钕合金磁体被附加到所述发电机的转子且被配置为当所述转子由所述内燃发动机转动时，感应出所述发电机的定子中的电能流，所述电能流足以为在大体上恒定的机械负载条件下运行的电动机提供动力；
电能存储单元，其与所述发电机的输出并联电耦合，所述电能存储单元具有电容能量存储电池，所述电容能量存储电池被配置为当所述电动机遇到变化的机械负载条件时，提供足以补偿来自所述发电机的任何电能输出短缺的至少一部分的电存储容量；
电控制器，其与所述发电机的所述输出和所述电能存储单元并联电耦合，所述电控制器被配置为控制流到所述电动机的电能流；
传动装置，其机械地耦合到所述电动机，所述传动装置被配置为将来自所述电动机的机械输出传输到交通工具的至少一个轮子。
18.根据权利要求17所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，所述发电机包括至少14个钕或钐合金磁体。
19.根据权利要求17所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，所述电动机选自由直流串绕电动机、永磁体直流电动机和三相交流感应电动机组成的组。
20.根据权利要求17所述的混合能量转换系统，其中，所述电能存储单元被配置为输出至少25kW的峰值。
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