CN102177838A

CN102177838A - Germinator and rice germinating process thereof

Info

Publication number: CN102177838A
Application number: CN2011100863040A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马科林
Original assignee: SHENGZHOU KELING MACHINE CO Ltd
Current assignee: SHENGZHOU KELING MACHINE CO Ltd
Priority date: 2011-04-07
Filing date: 2011-04-07
Publication date: 2011-09-14
Anticipated expiration: 2031-04-07
Also published as: CN102177838B

Abstract

The invention provides a germinator, which comprises a tank body, a ventilating device, a spraying device, a computer control cabinet, a temperature sensor, a thermocouple and a screen, wherein the computer control cabinet is in circuit connection with the spraying device, the ventilating device, the temperature sensor and the thermocouple to control spraying, temperature rising, temperature preserving and ventilating of related devices. A rice germinating process comprises the following steps: seeds are subject to sunlight activating, soaking and spreading; different process programs are set on a computer controller according to different varieties, and the seeds are sprayed, insulated and ventilated in each phase of germinating; the water temperature of a water pool before the rice is put in the tank is 60 DEG C; after the rice seeds are put in the tank, air temperature inside the tank rises to 45 DEG C and is preserved for 30 minutes; the air temperature is reduced to 34 DEG C and preserved for 15 hours; the air temperature is reduced to 29 DEG C until the seeds are completely germinated and can be out of the tank for mechanical sowing. By using the germinator, the seeds are ensured to germinate quickly, uniformly, evenly and strongly, and the germination rate is high.

Description

Germinator and paddy germination technology thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural machinery, specifically refer to germinator and paddy germination technology thereof.

Background technology

As everyone knows, the primary condition of seed sprouting is temperature, moisture and the fresh air that suits.In the modern society that agricultural mechanization is popularized day by day, the application of Cultivator, rice transplanter is all very general, but the first step as the mechanization seedling planting, how to improve percentage of seedgermination and shorten a great problem that germinating time but becomes puzzlement peasant household, particularly for the seed of preciousness, it is particularly important to improve germination rate; If the arid area, seed can not germinate for a long time because soil is moistening inadequately; Even the overcast and rainy weather that continues is met in south, germinateing goes mouldy also can make the seed loss very big.

Paddy rice is the staple food crop of China, cultivated area accounts for the overwhelming majority, take a broad view of some germination technologies on the market, in immersion, germination process, need repeatedly to stir and trickle, the plumule that very easily fractures, production process is extremely complicated, cost is high, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally the stage at seed, complicated technology hurts plumule easily, and because of key technology grasp degree varies influences germination rate, even damage seed.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide germinator, improve percentage of seedgermination and shorten germinating time, improve the uniformity that vernalization shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Use computer program, make the operation of germinateing more accurate, easy, intelligent, be applicable to that kind of a germination is urged in the mechanization of various plants seeds such as paddy rice, wheat.

To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: germinator comprises casing, air-breather, sprayer unit, computer control cabinet, temperature sensor, thermocouple, screen cloth;

Described ventilation unit comprises two cover blower fans, all is arranged on the casing outside; The inlet scoop of circulating fan is arranged on the casing top and box house is communicated with, and the air outlet of circulating fan is connected to the wind tube outlet of lower box by rectangular air duct; The air quantity of circulating fan is bigger, intermittent running, air is by being connected the rectangular air duct in the circulating fan outlet, come out from the wind tube outlet of upper edge, lower box pond, enter the circulating fan inlet scoop at casing top once more, force the air circulation of box house to flow, guarantee the casing uniformity of temperature and humidity up and down;

Connected ajutage in the outlet of fan blower, seal the bottom of ajutage, and array many injection wells on the ajutage, and injection well is arranged on the position, slit between the screen cloth; The running of fan blower and idle hours is by computer control cabinet control, the injection well that is communicated with fan blower, and to the outer fresh air of the contiguous in good time conveying chamber of each layer screen cloth, the interior waste gas of case is in the discharge orifice outflow that is provided with on by box body wall under the interior pressure effect.

A plurality of nozzles of sprayer unit are arranged on the screen cloth top, and regularly the seed on screen cloth sprays water smoke; The pump sump mouth of sprayer unit is arranged in the pond of bottom half, and the hot water of regularly drawing in the pond spills seed on screen cloth by nozzle.

There is circuit to connect between computer control cabinet and sprayer unit, ventilation unit, temperature sensor, the thermocouple, can be according to different seeds, the different artificial seetting program of environment, manually-operated uncertainty and loaded down with trivial details is avoided in the startup of information control sprayer unit that sends according to temperature sensor and air-breather, thermocouple and closing.

Be provided with chamber door on the casing, the size of chamber door allows screen cloth successfully to push or pull out, and is provided with form in the middle of the chamber door; Cabinet wall two ends symmetric array and is supported shelves, is used to put put screen cloth.

Bottom half is provided with the pond, be used to contain the globule that drips from screen cloth, and stored hot water is supplied to the water pump of sprayer unit; The pool wall upper edge is connecting the wind tube outlet of circulating fan, also is provided with temperature sensor, and the real time data of box house temperature is in time sent to the computer control cabinet; When casing temperature was lower than the setting value of computer control cabinet, the thermocouple that is arranged on the bottom, pond got electric, the clear water that stores in the Heating pool, and spray the temperature that hot water improves box house by sprayer unit.When casing temperature was higher than setting value, the thermocouple outage stopped heating; The fresh air that fan blower is carried can make the air in the casing slowly lower the temperature.The temperature of the program lifting temperature box house of setting according to computer or carry out timing and be incubated like this.The drainpipe that basin bottom is provided with the band valve leads to outside the casing, before the seed inlet by drainpipe to the pond water filling; After the end of germinateing, by the ponding in drainpipe emptying pond.

Heat-insulation layer can also be set in box body wall, reduce the loss of heat.

The paddy germination technology may further comprise the steps:

A. the Exposure to Sunlight of seed activates, soaks;

B. seed spreads on screen cloth;

C starts germinator, with environment different processes is set on computer controller according to different kinds, and the atmosphere temperature rising in the casing pushes germinator to screen cloth then, in germination process seed is regularly sprayed water smoke, insulation and ventilation;

D. the paddy outlet that germinates, send to machine sowing.

In the described paddy germination technology, in each stage of germinateing, temperature control parameter is: the sump water temperature before the paddy inlet is 60 ℃; Behind the paddy seeds inlet, the air themperature of box house is raised to 45 ℃, and is incubated 30 minutes; Temperature is dropped to 34 ℃ then, be incubated 15 hours; Temperature is dropped to 29 ℃ again, finish germination, can send to machine sowing by outlet up to seed.

According to the germinator that above technical scheme is provided with, can guarantee " fast, neat, even, strong " of seed sprouting, improve the uniformity that vernalization shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, the germination rate height; Can also reach the effect of saving irrigation water during germination in the arid area.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the stereogram of germinator;

Fig. 2 (has removed the box body wall that blocks sight line, door, part pool wall for the work schematic diagram of germinator; Tiny toxic emission hole has been omitted);

Fig. 3 is the ventilation unit figure of circulating fan;

Fig. 4 is the air-supply arrangement figure of fan blower;

Fig. 5 is the enlarged drawing in pond;

Description of reference numerals:

1 casing, 11 chamber doors, 111 forms, 12 support shelves, 13 nozzles, 14 ponds, 141 drainpipes, 142 thermocouples, 143 temperature sensors, 2 screen clothes, 3 circulating fans, 31 rectangular air ducts, 32 wind tube outlets, 4 fan blowers, 41 ajutages, 42 wind pushing holes, 5 computer controllers.

Embodiment

Below by drawings and Examples the present invention is further elaborated.

Embodiment 1: to shown in Figure 5, germinator comprises casing 1, screen cloth 2, circulating fan 3, wind tube outlet 32, fan blower 4, computer controller 5 as Fig. 1.

Drainpipe 141 is connected water sources, inject clear water, when the depth of water reaches 10～22 centimeters, stop water filling according to the seed amount of vernalization to pond 14.Power to germinator, on computer controller 5, needs according to rice seed germination are set technological parameter: comprise temperature bound, water spraying time, spacing frequency, 3 opening and closing times of circulating fan, the intermittent time in each stage, the 4 opening and closing times of fan blower etc.

Close upper chamber door 11, because air-temperature sensor 143 detects casing 1 inner temperature and also do not reach the setting value upper limit, computer controller 5 sends instruction, and it is electric that thermocouple 142 is got, the clear water in the Heating pool 14; Sprayer unit sprays the hot water in the pond 14 to the inside of casing 1, the air of heating casing 1 inside; Starting circulating fan 3, produces by boasting from the wind tube outlet 32 of casing 1 bottom by rectangular air duct 31 again from the air of suction casing 1 inside, top in the inlet scoop of circulating fan 3, forces current downflow on the air of casing 1 inside, reaches the purpose of temperature uniformity.Reach setting value upward in limited time when air-temperature sensor 143 detects casing 1 inner temperature, the buzzer of computer control cabinet 5 is rung, and prompting operation worker is the paddy seeds inlet.

On 9 screen clothes 2, spread out 400 kilograms of early rice seeds that soaked, spread highly and be controlled at: the seed end face on following one deck screen cloth 2 and the distance from bottom of a last screen cloth 2 are not less than 5 centimeters, and in the middle cave of drawing of the paddy that spreads, expose screen cloth, being convenient to air flows between screen cloth 2, insert casing 1 then one by one, parallel putting is placed on the support shelves 12, closes upper chamber door 11.

Under the control of

computer controller

5,13 at the nozzle seed above screen cloth 2 is at roost regularly sprayed water, and keeps seed moistening, is admitted reuses by pond 14 again from the globule that screen cloth 2 drips.

The wind that comes out from wind tube outlet 32 comes out from pond, casing 1 bottom 14 3 of circulating fans, enters the circulating fan inlet scoop once more from casing 1 top at roost to casing 1 forced air supply, makes casing 1 inner temperature and humidity up and down evenly unified.

Fan blower 4 starts by setting program and rests, and the fresh air of casing 1 outside is produced by boasting from the wind pushing hole 42 of ajutage 41 in good time, keeps casing 1 inside that sufficient oxygen is arranged all the time, satisfies the rudiment needs of seed, goes out by the toxic emission orifice flow then.

At the wet kind of duration of work after entering germination apparatus, can allow the whole germination process of computer control cabinet 5 intelligence operations, control the lifting and the temperature retention time of each phase temperature.Can observe dynamic temperature and humidity that computer control cabinet 5 shows, whether meet technological requirement, temperature control parameter is: the sump water temperature before the paddy inlet is 60 ℃; Behind the paddy seeds inlet, the air themperature of box house is raised to 45 ℃, and is incubated 30 minutes; Temperature is dropped to 34 ℃ then, be incubated 15 hours; Temperature is dropped to 29 ℃ again, finish germination up to seed.

Approximately the germinator operation is after 15 hours, and paddy seeds begins to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.If also do not show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, then need the operative employee to see through to observe in the form 111 of chamber door 11 the seed situation that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally every 2 hours, during the paddy up to 90% " broken chest shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally ", open chamber door 11, screen cloth 2 is pulled out, can send to machine sowing to paddy seeds.

The rice seed germination rate of present embodiment is more than 95 %.

Claims

1. germinator comprises casing, air-breather, sprayer unit, computer control cabinet, temperature sensor, thermocouple, screen cloth; It is characterized in that:

Described ventilation unit comprises two cover blower fans, all is arranged on the casing outside; The inlet scoop of circulating fan is arranged on the casing top and box house is communicated with, and the air outlet of circulating fan is connected to the wind tube outlet of lower box by rectangular air duct; Connected ajutage in the outlet of fan blower, seal the bottom of ajutage, and array many injection wells on the ajutage, and injection well is arranged on the position, slit between the screen cloth;

A plurality of nozzles of described sprayer unit are arranged on the screen cloth top, and the pump sump mouth of sprayer unit is arranged in the pond of bottom half;

There is circuit to connect between described computer control cabinet and sprayer unit, ventilation unit, temperature sensor, the thermocouple, artificial seetting program, the information that sends according to temperature sensor is controlled the startup of sprayer unit and air-breather, thermocouple and is closed.

2. germinator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with chamber door on the described casing, be provided with form on the chamber door; Cabinet wall two ends symmetric array and is supported shelves; Box body wall is provided with the toxic emission hole.

3. germinator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pool wall upper edge is connecting the wind tube outlet of circulating fan, also be provided with temperature sensor, the bottom, pond is provided with thermocouple, and the drainpipe that basin bottom is provided with the band valve leads to outside the casing.

4. germinator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with heat-insulation layer in the described box body wall.

5. paddy germination technology is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

A. the Exposure to Sunlight of seed activates, soaks;

B. seed spreads on screen cloth;

C. start germinator, with environment different processes is set on computer controller according to different kinds, atmosphere temperature rising in the casing pushes germinator to screen cloth then, in each stage of germinateing seed is regularly sprayed water smoke, insulation and ventilation;

D. the paddy outlet that germinates, send to machine sowing.

6. paddy germination technology as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: in each stage of germinateing, temperature control parameter is: the sump water temperature before the paddy inlet is 60 degree;

Behind the paddy seeds inlet, the air themperature of box house is raised to 45 degree, and is incubated 30 minutes;

Then temperature is dropped to 34 degree, be incubated 15 hours;

Again temperature is dropped to 29 degree, finish germination up to seed.