CN102159807B - 用于稀燃内燃发动机的排气系统 - Google Patents

用于稀燃内燃发动机的排气系统 Download PDF

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CN102159807B
CN102159807B CN200980135891.9A CN200980135891A CN102159807B CN 102159807 B CN102159807 B CN 102159807B CN 200980135891 A CN200980135891 A CN 200980135891A CN 102159807 B CN102159807 B CN 102159807B
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wall
flow filter
catalyzer
vent systems
downstream
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CN102159807A (zh
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G·R·钱德勒
N·R·科林斯
P·R·菲利普斯
D·斯沃罗
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Johnson Matthey PLC
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Johnson Matthey PLC
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Abstract

一种用于稀燃内燃发动机(12)的排气系统(10)，所述系统(10)包括具有用于使一氧化氮(NO)氧化的催化剂的第一基底单块(16)，所述催化剂包括催化氧化成分，所述第一基底单块的下游是第二基底单块(18)，所述第二基底单块(18)是具有入口通道和出口通道的壁流式过滤器，其中所述入口通道包括NOx吸收剂催化剂(20)，并且所述出口通道包括利用含氮的还原剂对氮氧化物进行选择性催化还原的催化剂(22)。

Description

用于稀燃内燃发动机的排气系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于稀燃内燃发动机的排气系统，更特别地，用于柴油(压缩点火式))发动机的排气系统，所述系统包括NOx吸附催化剂(NAC)和利用含氮还原剂进行氮氧化物(NOx)的选择性催化还原(SCR)的催化剂。
背景技术
NAC例如从美国专利No.5,473,887(将其全部内容通过引用的方式并入本文)中已知，其设计为从稀薄的排气(λ＞1)中吸附氮氧化物(NOx)并且在排气中的氧浓度降低时释放出NOx。释放出的NOx可以在NAC自身的或者位于NAC下游的催化剂成分(例如，铑)的促进下利用合适的还原剂(例如，柴油燃料)还原为N2。在实际中，间歇地响应于所计算的NAC的剩余NOx吸收能力，氧浓度被调节到期望的氧化还原成分，例如调节到比正常的发动机运行操作浓(但是化学当量或λ＝1的成分仍然稀薄)、化学当量成分或富含化学当量的成分(λ＜1)。氧浓度能够通过大量手段来调节，例如节流、在例如排气冲程期间注射附加的碳氢燃料到发动机气缸中或者直接注射碳氢燃料到发动机歧管下游的排气中。柴油机中更高级的共轨燃料喷射系统能够用来非常精确地对燃料进行计量，以调节排气成分。
典型的NAC配方包括催化氧化成分(例如，铂)、NOx-存储成分(例如，钡)、以及还原催化剂(例如，铑)。对于该配方，对来自稀薄排气的NOx-存储通常给定的一个作用原理是：
NO+1/2O2→NO2                (1)；和
BaO+NO2+1/2O2→Ba(NO3)2      (2)
其中，在反应(1)中，一氧化氮与氧在铂的活性氧化地点发生反应，以形成NO2。反应(2)涉及通过无机硝酸盐形式的存储材料来吸附NO2。
在氧浓度较低和/或温度升高的情况下，硝酸盐类变得在热力学上不稳定并分解，从而根据下面的反应式(3)产生NO或NO2。在存在合适的还原剂的情况下，这些氮氧化物随后被一氧化碳、氢和碳氢化合物还原为N2，这可以在还原催化剂上方发生(见反应式(4))。
Ba(NO3)2→BaO+2NO+3/2O2         或者
Ba(NO3)2→BaO+2NO2+1/2O2        (3)；和
NO+CO→1/2N2+CO2(以及其他反应)  (4)
在上面的反应(1)至(4)中，反应的钡类给定为氧化物。然而，应当理解，在存在空气的情况下，大部分的钡是碳酸盐或者可能是氢氧化物的形式。本领域普通技术人员能够对除了氧化物之外的钡类相应地修改上述反应方案。同样，本领域普通技术人员能够对除了钡之外的NOx吸收剂成分(例如其他碱土金属或碱性金属)修改反应方案。
对环境越来越多的关注以及升高的油价导致对机动车和轻型商业车辆引入更大量的柴油发动机。当前，排放控制规定包括对“烟尘”或颗粒物(“PM”)以及CO、碳氢化合物(“HC”)和NOx的严格控制。对于PM的控制，已经清楚，需要过滤器或捕集器来将PM从流动的排气中去除。一种形式的过滤器是公知的壁流式过滤器，其构造对本领域普通技术人员是公知的。
实际的壁流式过滤器是通常对NO2/PM反应催化的，其通常使用降低PM燃烧温度的催化剂和/或能够对排气中的NO到NO2的转化进行催化的氧化催化剂。
WO 01/12320公开了一种用于燃烧式发动机的排气系统的壁流式过滤器，其包括：含有例如铂族金属的氧化催化剂，其位于敞口的上游通道的上游端的基本不可渗透气体的区域；和所述氧化催化剂下游的气体可渗透过滤器区域，用于捕集烟尘。该过滤器的下游通道可以包括NOx吸收剂催化剂(NAC)，并且可选地包括位于NAC下游的选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂。
WO 2004/022935公开了一种用于稀燃内燃发动机的排气系统，其包括：氮氧化物(NOx)吸收剂；用于利用NOx特定的反应物(例如氨)对NOx的选择性催化还原(SCR)进行催化的催化剂；第一装置，其用于将NOx特定的反应物或其先期物质(例如，尿素)引入到SCR催化剂上游的排气中；以及用于控制NOx特定的反应物或其先期物质经由第一引入装置到排气中的引入的装置，其中SCR催化剂设置在NOx吸收剂的上游，并且可选地设置有所述NOx吸收剂，并且其中所述控制装置布置为仅当SCR催化剂为活性时才经由第一引入装置将NOx特定的反应物或其先期物质引入到排气中，由此，基本防止了NOx特定的反应物向大气的排放。
US 7062904公开了过滤器，该过滤器在过滤元件的入口侧涂有NOx吸附剂/催化剂，并且在过滤元件的出口侧涂有SCR催化剂。所述吸收剂/催化剂优选浓化其不吸收的NOx中的NO2与NO的比。从说明书中能够清楚，催化剂能够与NOx吸附剂组合，或者能够与NOx吸附剂分开且位于其上游：其不能够既与NOx吸附剂组合又位于NOx吸附剂上游。
DE 102005005663A1公开了一种壁流式过滤器，其可以载有NOx捕集器、或者NOx吸收催化剂(NAC)、位于入口单元上的涂层、以及位于出口单元上的SCR催化剂涂层。不清楚该设计是否已经商业化。
DE 102005005663A1中公开的壁流式过滤器的问题在于，其能够在NAC再生之后导致氨的排放增加，并且在处理冷起动排放物(例如，来自新欧洲行驶循环测试(New European Drive Cycle，NEDC)的第一ECE循环的冷起动)时较差。
现在，本申请已经研发了一种紧凑的四路转化系统，即能够处理碳氢化合物、一氧化碳、颗粒物和氮氧化合物，该系统减少或克服了与现有技术相关的问题。
发明内容
根据第一方面，本发明提供一种用于稀燃内燃发动机的排气系统，该系统包括第一基底单块，所述第一基底单块包括用于对一氧化氮(NO)进行氧化的催化剂，所述第一基底单块的下游是第二基底单块，所述第二基底单块是具有入口通道和出口通道的壁流式过滤器，其中所述入口通道包括NOx吸收剂催化剂(NAC)，所述NOx吸收剂催化剂包括催化氧化成分，并且所述出口通道包括利用含氮还原剂对氮氧化物进行选择性催化还原(SCR)的催化剂。
通过将壁流式过滤器上包括催化氧化成分的NAC与SCR成分组合在一起(可选地，与下面描述的清洁催化剂一起)，所述系统比现有技术系统更高效地在整体上处理HC、CO、PM和NOx。这么认为的其中一个原因在于，与NAC位于设置在壁流式过滤器上游的单独的基底单块上的系统相比，在NAC功能上产生的放热能够将壁流式过滤器保持在更高的温度下。该效果的益处在于，更高的温度促进了NO2中的被动PM转化，并且主动PM燃烧的燃料损耗较少，这是因为将壁流式过滤器升高到在氧气中进行PM燃烧所必需的温度所需的能量较少。其还有益于总体上的NOx转化，因为一旦达到温度，那么壁流式过滤器上的NAC和SCR催化剂能够保持在用于有利的NOx转化活动的温度范围，即壁流式过滤器的相对较高的热容量能够消除排气系统中的温度极值。这对于排气温度可能在整个驱动循环内波动的轻型柴油发动机车辆是特别有益的，特别是在ECE和在实况驾驶条件下，一般地当驾驶员从加速踏板上提起脚时，对发动机的燃料供给被切断，从而降低排气温度。
在实际中，通过将NAC与发动机管理装置产生的浓化排气间歇地接触和/或通过将还原剂引入到发动机下游的排气中来再生NAC。这种浓化促进了吸收的NOx的解吸以及存在的还原催化剂(例如，铑或钯)上的NOx的还原。然而，浓化的排气还从NAC的氧化催化成分上的NOx产生氨(NH3)，产生的NH3变得吸附在下游的SCR催化剂上，并可用于在稀薄的排气条件下从NAC溜走的NOx的NOx还原。
在一个实施方式中，壁流式过滤器的入口通道包括设置在NAC的下游的SCR催化剂。SCR催化剂能够作为壁流式过滤器上的单独的涂层存在，或者SCR催化剂能够与壁流式过滤器成一体，例如SCR催化剂能够作为盐溶液浸入到初始(virgin)壁流式过滤器的材料中，或者SCR催化剂能够与形成基底单块的结构的成分结合，该基底单块然后被挤压成通流的单块，并且在干燥和煅烧之后，通道的交替端部以基底单块一端处的宽的网格图案布置被堵住，并且未封堵的通道在其相反端以相似的布置被交替地封堵。该后一种布置需要干燥和煅烧之后的挤压的孔隙度足以起到壁流式过滤器的作用，即基底单块的孔隙度至少为40％，例如至少45％(如50％)，或者至少55％，或者达到70％。从挤压类型的SCR通流基底得到的壁流式过滤器在2008年1月23日提交的、名为“催化过滤器”的本申请人的英国专利申请No.0801161.1中进行了描述。
在进行涂覆的情况下，并非每个入口单元都需要这样涂覆，但是目前优选对每个单元都进行涂覆。每个涂层的几何比方便地是约50∶50，但是其他比也可以使用。如果入口单元和/或出口单元需要，也可以将其他催化剂功能并入。特别地，如下面所描述的，可以在过滤器的出口单元上或者在设于过滤器下游的单独的基底上涂覆清洁催化剂，例如相对低载的镀铂氧化铝催化剂，如＜5gft-3Pt。
适当的涂层配方(一般称作“载体涂料(washcoats)”)设计成避免或减少壁面处的孔隙堵塞或者在壁结构内的孔隙之间相互连接的孔隙堵塞。结果，利用本领域普通技术人员可用的区域涂覆技术(例如，见EP 1064094)从壁流式过滤器的一端引入到通道中的催化剂(例如SCR催化剂)可以移动通过过滤器的孔隙结构，从而坐落在壁结构的孔隙内，或者甚至出现在壁流式过滤器的相反“端”的通道的表面。接下来通过采用适当的载体涂料配方，能够利用SCR催化剂(通过将SCR催化剂载体涂料从下游的过滤器侧，即从壁流式过滤器的相反端引入到壁流式过滤器中)对用于入口过滤器侧的通道的下游端进行区域涂覆。随后，能够对入口单元的上游段应用NAC涂覆。可以存在或者不存在涂层的重叠。如果存在重叠的话，则NAC涂层覆盖SCR涂层。
根据实施方式，壁流式过滤器包括从入口端延伸到出口端的长度，其中NAC从壁流式过滤器长度的30-70％设置在具有基本统一的长度的第一区域内，并且上游区域端由壁流式过滤器入口端限定。SCR催化剂可以从壁流式过滤器长度的30-70％设置在具有基本统一的长度的第二区域内，并且下游端由壁流式过滤器出口端限定，且第一区域和第二区域能够重叠。
在替代性实施方式中，NAC和SCR催化剂如本申请人的WO02/068099中所描述地结合在同一催化剂中。
壁流式过滤器可以具有任何适当的单元密度，这取决于使用场合。在柴油排气系统中使用的典型单元密度为每平方英寸100-400个单元。壁流式过滤器本身可以由任何适当的材料制成，例如堇青石、碳化硅或钛酸铝等。
在一个实施方式中，NO氧化催化剂是支撑在适当的耐火氧化物支撑上的氧化催化剂，例如含有铂或者铂和钯两者。可替代地，可以是NAC。理想地，这种NO氧化催化剂成分靠近发动机安装，例如安装在排气歧管中，或者安装在排气歧管和涡轮增压器之间。壁流式过滤器可以设置在NO氧化催化剂的直接下游，例如设置在同一个罐或壳体中，或者壁流式过滤器可以设置在更下游，例如设置在车辆上的底板位置。在氧化催化剂的情况下，NO氧化足以辅助过滤器上的被动PM燃烧。NO氧化催化剂的氧化催化剂和NAC实施方式均有助于改善总体的HC和CO转化(否则的话，它们可以与过滤器中的NOx存储相干涉)，并且将NO转化为NO2且用于NOx更高效地吸附成为过滤器上的NAC上的硝酸盐。能够看到，通过比较图4A和图4B，用于利用SCR进行的NOx还原的NH3的大部分在上游NAC上产生。
上游NO氧化催化剂的另一个益处在于提高了冷起动污染物转化，例如在MVEG-A循环期间(或者新欧洲驾驶循环(NewEuropean Driving Cycle，NEDC))，这是因为壁流式过滤器通常比第一基底单块具有更高的热容量。除了将第一基底单块设置成更靠近发动机以使传热最大化之外，第一基底单块的热容量还可以选择为实现NO氧化催化剂的快速点燃，例如使用金属单块或较小的基底来改善传热。
另外，上游NO氧化催化剂的使用帮助改善了相对较高温度下的主动过滤器再生控制，因为位于NO氧化催化剂和过滤器之间的热耦合能够被用来确保正确的条件得到了满足；不适当的控制能够导致过滤器过热，从而引起过度的热老化和催化剂活性随时间的相应丧失。
第一基底单块可以是通流式基底单块，或者是局部过滤器，如EP 1057519或WO 01/080978中所描述的。
在优选实施方式中，壁流式过滤器的出口通道包括用于转化氨和/或碳氢化合物和一氧化碳的催化剂。这具有如下优点：稀薄运转或者主动或被动过滤器再生期间的氨泄漏或碳氢化合物或一氧化碳排放物能够被转化。在一个实施方式中，清洁催化剂设置在壁流式过滤器出口端在下游端限定的具有基本统一长度的区域中。可替代地，清洁催化剂可以设置在覆盖SCR催化剂的单独层中。
在特定实施方式中，SCR催化剂从壁流式过滤器长度的30-65％设置在具有基本统一的长度的第二区域内，其中第二区域的上游端由第一区域的下游端限定，并且清洁催化剂从壁流式过滤器长度的5-40％设置在具有基本统一的长度的第三区域内，其中第三区域的上游端由第二区域的下游端限定，并且在下游端由壁流式过滤器的出口端限定。
在实施方式中，用于在本发明中使用的清洁催化剂是相对低载的镀铂氧化铝催化剂。
用于在本发明中使用的NAC催化剂可以从由至少一种碱土金属、碱性金属和稀土金属构成的组中选择，所述金属或其中的每种可选地支撑在耐火氧化物上。
用于在本发明中使用的SCR催化剂可以从由下列各项构成的组中选择：过渡金属/沸石，以及Cu、Hf、La、Au、In、V、镧系元素和VIII族过渡金属(例如Fe)中的至少一种，它们支撑在耐火氧化物上。适当的耐火氧化物包括Al2O3、TiO2、CeO2、SiO2、ZrO2和含有它们中的两个或更多个的混合氧化物。非沸石的催化剂还可以包括钨氧化物。
根据第二方面，提供了一种具有第一通道和第二通道的壁流式过滤器，其中第一通道包括具有催化氧化成分的NOx吸收剂催化剂(NAC)，并且第二通道包括利用含氮还原剂进行氮氧化物(NOx)的选择性催化还原(SCR)的催化剂，其中第二通道包括用于转化氨和/或碳氢化物和一氧化碳的清洁催化剂。
应当注意到，根据本发明第二方面的壁流式过滤器适于在根据本发明的第一方面中使用。因此，上面关于本发明的第一方面论述的壁流式过滤器的特征等同地适用于本发明的第二方面。
优选地，清洁催化剂设置于在一端由包括SCR催化剂的通道的入口端限定的具有基本统一长度的区域中。
在第一实施方式中，清洁催化剂设置在覆盖SCR催化剂的单独层中，其中SCR催化剂作为壁流式过滤器上的单独的涂层存在，或者SCR催化剂能够与壁流式过滤器成一体，例如SCR催化剂能够作为盐溶液浸入到初始壁流式过滤器的材料中，或者SCR催化剂与形成基底单块的结构的成分结合，该基底单块然后被挤压成通流的单块，并且在干燥和煅烧之后，通道的交替端部以基底单块一端处的宽的网格图案布置被堵住，并且未封堵的通道在其相反端以相似的布置被交替地封堵。
根据本发明的第二方面的第二实施方式，壁流式过滤器包括从第一端延伸到第二端的长度，其中NAC从壁流式过滤器长度的30-70％设置在具有基本统一的长度的第一区域内，并且上游区域端由壁流式过滤器的第一端限定，SCR催化剂从壁流式过滤器长度的30-65％设置在具有基本统一的长度的第二区域内，其中第二区域的上游端由第一区域的下游端限定，并且清洁催化剂从壁流式过滤器长度的5-40％设置在具有基本统一的长度的第三区域内，其中第三区域的上游端由第二区域的下游端限定，并且在下游端由壁流式过滤器的第二端限定。
排气系统能够用来处理来自稀燃内燃发动机、特别是车辆的稀燃内燃发动机的排放物，所述发动机包括稀燃汽油发动机和柴油发动机，如轻型柴油(由相关的立法限定)车辆。
附图说明
为了能够更全面地理解本发明，现在参照附图，其中：
图1是示出根据本发明第一方面的排气系统的示意图；
图2是示出根据本发明第二方面的壁流式过滤器的示意图；
图3是示出对于根据本发明第一方面的系统，在NEDC循环的反复ECE循环上实现的NOx转化的图，该系统装配于在滚动路面发动机测力计上运行的轻质柴油车辆，其中NO氧化催化剂是NAC(在图中标为“NSC”或“NOx”吸收剂催化剂)与相似系统的比较，在该相似系统中，壁流式过滤器上的SCR催化剂被＜10gft-3Pt/Pd下的常规催化烟尘过滤器催化剂替换；以及
图4A和4B是示出了图3的比较器系统中的NAC和壁流式过滤器(图4A)之间的排气中存在的NH3的图，所述比较器系统位于壁流式过滤器的下游(图4B)。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了包括轻型柴油发动机12和排气系统14的装置10，排气系统14包括将从发动机排出的排气输送到大气15中的管道，在该管道中设置有涂覆有NAC16的金属基底单块，在流动方向上在该金属基底单块之后是碳化硅壁流式过滤器18。壁流式过滤器的入口通道从入口端涂覆有NAC成分20至壁流式过滤器的总长度的大约50％，并且总长度的剩余50％从出口端被涂覆SCR催化剂。包括相对低载的镀铂氧化铝的清洁催化剂设置在壁流式过滤器18的下游。
为了简化起见，图2示出了传统的陶瓷壁流式过滤器中的单个入口通道28和相邻的出口通道29。通道的可渗透气体的壁由30表示，气流的期望方向由箭头表示。NAC涂层32沉积在入口通道30的入口端上，并且SCR催化剂34示出为沉积在出口通道29中。清洁催化剂涂层36示出为从出口通道29的最后的出口端延伸，从而与SCR催化剂涂层34相交。
图3示出了图表，其绘制了对于两个系统，MVEG(ECE)循环数与NOx转化效率的比较，第一个标为“NSC+FWC/CSF”的是比较器系统，其中NAC催化剂(或者“NOx吸收剂催化剂”(NSC))之后是壁流式过滤器，该壁流式过滤器利用NAC(标为“FWC”或“四路催化剂”)从入口端被涂覆到总长度的50％，并且从出口端开始的出口通道的50％被涂覆有规则的相对低载的催化烟尘过滤器(CSF)成分(在氧化铝基耐火支撑上＜10gft-3Pt/Pd)。除了CSF被包括SCR催化剂涂层(标为“SCRF”)的过滤器替代之外，根据本发明的系统是相同的。该系统装配于欧洲IV轻型柴油发动机乘用车，其构造为根据预先编程的原始设备制造商规格间歇地再生NAC。车辆利用滚动路面发动机测力计在EUDC(MVEG-A)排放循环的ECE部分上反复地运行。从图3中能够清楚地看到NOx转化效率的提高。
图4A和图4B是图表，示出了在上面结合图3描述的比较器系统的排气系统中的两个位置测试的排气中存在的氨的量。第一个测试位置在上游NAC和壁流式过滤器(图4A)之间，第二个测试位置位于壁流式过滤器的下游，即位于CSF出口区域的下游。从图4A中能够看到，在间歇NAC再生期间产生大量的氨。然而，从图4B中能够看到，存在相似量的氨。这些结果可以解释为表明大部分氨在上游NAC上产生，这是因为CSF区域中的Pt负载不足以产生足够量的NH3。
为避免产生疑问，本文所引用的所有文件的全部内容以参引的方式并入文中。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于稀燃内燃发动机的排气系统，所述系统包括具有用于使一氧化氮氧化的第一NOx吸收剂催化剂的第一基底单块，所述第一基底单块的下游是第二基底单块，所述第二基底单块是具有入口通道和出口通道的壁流式过滤器，其中所述入口通道包括具有催化氧化成分的第二NOx吸收剂催化剂，并且所述出口通道包括利用含氮的还原剂对氮氧化物(NOx)进行选择性催化还原的催化剂，
其中，所述壁流式过滤器的所述入口通道包括设置在所述第二NOx吸收剂催化剂的下游的选择性催化还原催化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的排气系统，其中，所述壁流式过滤器包括从入口端延伸到出口端的长度，其中所述第二NOx吸收剂催化剂从所述壁流式过滤器长度的30-70％设置在具有统一长度的第一区域中，并且上游区域端由所述壁流式过滤器的入口端限定。
3.如权利要求2所述的排气系统，其中，所述选择性催化还原催化剂从所述壁流式过滤器长度的30-70％设置在具有统一长度的第二区域中，并且下游端由所述壁流式过滤器的出口端限定。
4.如权利要求3所述的排气系统，其中，所述第一区域和所述第二区域重叠。
5.如权利要求1所述的排气系统，其中，所述第二NOx吸收剂催化剂和选择性催化还原催化剂结合在同一催化剂中。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气系统，其中，所述第一NOx吸收剂催化剂是氧化催化剂。
7.如前述权利要求1至5中任一项所述的排气系统，其中，所述第一基底单块是通流式基底单块。
8.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的排气系统，其中，所述第一基底单块是局部过滤器。
9.如权利要求2所述的排气系统，其中，所述出口通道包括用于转化氨和/或碳氢化合物和一氧化碳的催化剂。
10.如权利要求9所述的排气系统，其中，清洁催化剂设置在由壁流式过滤器出口端在下游端限定的具有统一的长度的区域中。
11.如权利要求8所述的排气系统，其中，清洁催化剂设置在覆盖所述选择性催化还原催化剂的单独的层中。
12.如权利要求9所述的排气系统，其中所述选择性催化还原催化剂从所述壁流式过滤器长度的30-65％设置在具有统一的长度的第二区域内，其中第二区域的上游端由所述第一区域的下游端限定，并且清洁催化剂从所述壁流式过滤器长度的5-40％设置在具有统一的长度的第三区域内，其中所述第三区域的上游端由所述第二区域的下游端限定，并且在下游端由所述壁流式过滤器的出口端限定。
13.如权利要求9所述的排气系统，其中，清洁催化剂是相对低载的镀铂氧化铝。
14.如前述权利要求1至5中任一项所述的排气系统，其中，所述第二NOx吸收剂催化剂从由至少一种碱土金属、碱性金属和稀土金属构成的组中选择，所述金属或其中的每种支撑在耐火氧化物上。
15.如前述权利要求1至5中任一项所述的排气系统，其中，所述选择性催化还原催化剂从由下列各项构成的组中选择：过渡金属/沸石，以及Cu、Hf、La、Au、In、V、镧系元素和VIII族过渡金属中的至少一种，所述选择性催化还原催化剂支撑在耐火氧化物上。
16.如权利要求15所述的排气系统，其中，所述耐火氧化物从Al2O3、TiO2、CeO2、SiO2、ZrO2和含有它们中的两个或更多个的混合氧化物中选择。
17.一种具有第一通道和第二通道的壁流式过滤器，其中所述第一通道包括具有催化氧化成分的NOx吸收剂催化剂，并且所述第二通道包括利用含氮还原剂进行氮氧化物(NOx)的选择性催化还原的催化剂，其中所述第二通道包括用于转化氨和/或碳氢化物和一氧化碳的清洁催化剂，
其中，所述壁流式过滤器的入口通道包括设置在所述NOx吸收剂催化剂的下游的选择性催化还原催化剂。
18.如权利要求17所述的壁流式过滤器，其中，所述清洁催化剂设置于在一端由包括所述选择性催化还原催化剂的通道的入口端限定的具有统一长度的区域中。
19.如权利要求18所述的壁流式过滤器，其中，所述清洁催化剂设置在覆盖所述选择性催化还原催化剂的单独的层中。
20.如权利要求18所述的壁流式过滤器，其中，所述壁流式过滤器包括从第一端延伸到第二端的长度，其中所述NOx吸收剂催化剂从所述壁流式过滤器长度的30-70％设置在具有统一的长度的第一区域内，并且上游区域端由所述壁流式过滤器的第一端限定，所述选择性催化还原催化剂从所述壁流式过滤器长度的30-65％设置在具有统一的长度的第二区域内，其中所述第二区域的上游端由所述第一区域的下游端限定，并且所述清洁催化剂从所述壁流式过滤器长度的5-40％设置在具有统一的长度的第三区域内，其中所述第三区域的上游端由所述第二区域的下游端限定，并且在下游端由所述壁流式过滤器的第二端限定。
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US9527031B2 (en) 2016-12-27
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JP2011527403A (ja) 2011-10-27
EP2650496A2 (en) 2013-10-16
JP5607042B2 (ja) 2014-10-15
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EP2315924B1 (en) 2013-10-30
US20110179777A1 (en) 2011-07-28
US8756926B2 (en) 2014-06-24
EP2650496A3 (en) 2018-04-11
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CN102159807A (zh) 2011-08-17
US20140241950A1 (en) 2014-08-28

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