CN102159736A - 处理矿物原料的方法 - Google Patents

处理矿物原料的方法 Download PDF

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CN102159736A
CN102159736A CN2009801362134A CN200980136213A CN102159736A CN 102159736 A CN102159736 A CN 102159736A CN 2009801362134 A CN2009801362134 A CN 2009801362134A CN 200980136213 A CN200980136213 A CN 200980136213A CN 102159736 A CN102159736 A CN 102159736A
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washing
slag
water
raw material
mineral materials
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V·A·西涅古博夫
A·F·斯梅坦尼科夫
O·A·西内格里波娃
P·Y·诺维科夫
M·A·安秋费耶夫
A·E·克拉斯诺什金
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ZAKRYTOE AKCIONEERNOE OBSHESTVO URALKALIY TECHNOLOGIYA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
    • C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
    • C22B11/044—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from pyrometallurgical residues, e.g. from ashes, dross, flue dust, mud, skim, slag, sludge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/06—Chloridising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
    • C22B3/10—Hydrochloric acid, other halogenated acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006—Wet processes
    • C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

本发明涉及从包含碱金属氯化物的原料如泥浆提取贵金属的方法。该方法包括以两阶段处理炉渣，在第一阶段中通过用水以1∶0.7-2.5的固-液比冲洗而进行二次富集，随后将经洗选的炉渣用盐酸以1∶2-3的固-液比浸出。

Description

处理矿物原料的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及处理矿物原料的方法，其可用于从不同种类的包含碱和碱土金属氯化物的矿物(例如制备钾的泥渣(slimes))回收贵金属(铂、钯、金等)。
背景技术
处理矿物原料的现有技术方法由参考书籍(理学博士P.E.Ostapenko编著，莫斯科“Nedra”1990，第98页)教导，包括通过分解(震裂、分散)结合于其中的泥质材料而选矿的方法。选矿(concentration)可通过使用单独的水或水和机械装置，或水和压缩空气而进行，并继以去除以泥渣形式的分散部分。泥渣包含分散于水中的粘土和矿粉颗粒。当分离泥渣时，洗选(washed)产物为由矿石和非-矿石矿物颗粒组成的散料。洗选表示选矿处理，其用于锰矿石、褐矿石(褐铁矿)、铬矿石等。
该方法的缺点是其不可回收钯和银。
另一种处理制备钾的泥渣的现有技术方法由专利RU 2132398(1999年6月27日公开)教导。根据该方法，将含金的泥渣洗选除盐，以便随后去除所得的盐水(卤水)，并与淡水混合。使气态氯通过所得的砂浆(泥浆)。以提供在0.3-2.0克/升以内变化的浸出溶液中活性氯浓度的方式进行氯化。浸出结束时，通过吸附回收金。
此方法的缺点是需要彻底清洗氯化物以及为了回收金而使用剧毒的元素氯，且不可能回收钯和银。
在专利RU 2291907(2006年1月公开的IPC7 S22811/0)中描述的从矿物原料回收贵金属的方法是其技术本质与本发明最相似的一种。根据该方法，用水洗选矿物原料去除过量的氯化物以使其含量变为7-13％，将砂浆(泥浆)稠化，干燥并在600-700℃下焙烧。将炉渣中所含的贵金属用王水溶液浸出并从所得砂浆吸附。
本方法的缺点在于对氯化物清洗的排除(以避免由于其化合物值得注意的溶解度而随洗选溶液损失钯)导致需要处理具有高含量碱和碱土金属氯化物(其必须被溶解以回收贵金属)的矿物原料。结果，为浸出炉渣需要使用高固-液比(S-L比)以避免氯化物在溶液冷却的过程中结晶，因此用于浸出并继而从砂浆吸附金属的设备量显著增加。
此缺点可通过使用本方法而弥补。
通过本方法达到的技术效果为：减少了由浸出得到的砂浆(泥浆)量从而减少了处理它们的湿法冶金设备量，以及增加了可回收贵金属百分比并将通常与泥渣一同损失的大部分氯化钾返回生产。
发明内容
为达到上述技术效果，处理包含贵金属和碱金属氯化物的矿物原料的方法(其包括对矿物原料的选矿和焙烧)提供以两阶段处理炉渣：首先，通过用水以S-L比＝1∶0.7-2.5洗选而进行二次选矿，随后将经洗选的炉渣用盐酸以S-L比＝1∶2-3浸出。
本方法区别于最接近者的特征是炉渣的处理以两阶段进行，其中第一阶段为通过用水以S-L比＝1∶0.7-2.5洗选炉渣的二次选矿，第二阶段为用盐酸以S-L比＝1∶2-3浸出经洗选的炉渣。
该方法如下进行：
将焙烧后的颗粒从加热炉中卸入水容器中，其中碱和碱土金属氯化物以可从1∶0.7至1∶2.5变化(取决于氯含量)的S-L比溶解。随后将经洗选的炉渣用盐酸以S-L比＝1∶2-3浸出，其后从所得的砂浆以S-L比＝1∶2-3吸附贵金属。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将一批不溶沉淀物分为5份，将其洗选去除氯化物至不同程度。然后将每个不溶残渣样品从过量溶液分离并焙烧，并将所得炉渣用于回收贵金属(表1)。
表1：用HCl+HNO3浸出炉渣
炉渣尺寸：2毫米
浸出参数：S∶L＝1∶4
温度：90℃
时间：4小时
Figure BPA00001330325600031
从表1可见，过度地洗选不溶残渣(其Cl-含量降低)伴随着所得产物中钯含量的可观降低，因此对其回收减少。
实施例2
将不溶残渣焙烧，并在冷却和研磨后用10％王水溶液以S-L比＝1∶4浸出。所得砂浆(泥浆)在溶液中包含43.9克/立方分米的KCl、19.8克/立方分米的NaCl和1.05毫克/立方分米的钯。
实施例3
在与实施例2相同的条件下焙烧两个不溶残渣样品。用水以S-L比＝1∶2和1∶3洗选炉渣去除氯化物。结果示于表2。
表2：洗选溶液中的含量
Figure BPA00001330325600032
从表中可明显看出，钯在洗选过程中并不进入溶液，因为当暴露于高焙烧温度时其氯化物分解，而钯转化为可溶于水形式。洗选后炉渣的重量降低24-25％，而样品中的钯浓度升高至1.3倍。
在将经洗选的炉渣以S∶L＝1∶2浸出后，溶液包含3,0克/立方分米的KCl和1,8克/立方分米的NaCl，而钯含量升高至2,7毫克/立方分米。
处理包含碱和碱土金属氯化物残渣的矿物原料的本方法的技术效果在于：由浸出产生的砂浆量的减少和由此用于处理它们的设备量的减少使得过程经济效率以及贵金属回收百分比大幅提升。

Claims (1)

1.一种处理包含贵金属和碱金属氯化物的矿物原料的方法，该方法包括对矿物原料的选矿和焙烧，其特征在于，以两阶段处理炉渣：首先，通过用水以S-L比＝1∶0.7-2.5洗选而进行二次选矿，随后将经洗选的炉渣用盐酸以S-L比＝1∶2-3浸出。
CN2009801362134A 2008-09-29 2009-09-08 处理矿物原料的方法 Pending CN102159736A (zh)

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RU2386710C1 (ru) * 2008-09-29 2010-04-20 Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Уралкалий-Технология" Способ извлечения благородных металлов
CN104749013B (zh) * 2015-04-16 2018-01-12 陕西省地质矿产实验研究所 一种雌黄和雄黄的化学物相选择性分离方法
JP6893621B2 (ja) 2015-04-21 2021-06-23 エクシール ワークス コーポレイション 有機溶媒中の貴金属を選択的に浸出および抽出するための方法

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Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003078670A1 (fr) * 2002-03-15 2003-09-25 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Procede de separation d'element du groupe platine
RU2245382C1 (ru) * 2003-05-21 2005-01-27 Левенец Ирина Николаевна Способ получения концентратов платиновых металлов и серебра из платиносодержащего сырья

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BRPI0919529A2 (pt) 2015-12-08
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IL211921A0 (en) 2011-06-30
US20110174111A1 (en) 2011-07-21
EP2336376A4 (de) 2012-02-22
RU2008138738A (ru) 2010-04-10
RU2393243C2 (ru) 2010-06-27
CA2739662A1 (en) 2010-04-01

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Application publication date: 20110817