CN102159738A - 贵金属回收方法 - Google Patents

贵金属回收方法 Download PDF

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CN102159738A
CN102159738A CN2009801372386A CN200980137238A CN102159738A CN 102159738 A CN102159738 A CN 102159738A CN 2009801372386 A CN2009801372386 A CN 2009801372386A CN 200980137238 A CN200980137238 A CN 200980137238A CN 102159738 A CN102159738 A CN 102159738A
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precious metal
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slag
alkaline
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V·A·西涅古博夫
A·F·斯梅坦尼科夫
T·B·尤迪纳
P·Y·诺维科夫
I·A·洛格维年科
A·E·克拉斯诺什金
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ZAKRYTOE AKCIONEERNOE OBSHESTVO URALKALIY TECHNOLOGIYA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
    • C22B3/10—Hydrochloric acid, other halogenated acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
    • C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
    • C22B11/044—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from pyrometallurgical residues, e.g. from ashes, dross, flue dust, mud, skim, slag, sludge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006—Wet processes
    • C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及贵金属回收方法并且本发明能够用于从包含碱和碱土金属的氯化物的矿物原材料，如钾碱生产泥浆中回收贵金属。所述方法涉及从包含贵金属和碱和碱土金属的氯化物的泥浆中去除过量的氯化物和水，然后将泥浆干燥并在850-950℃的温度下焙烧，之后通过稀释的盐酸溶液浸出矿渣。采用树脂(如AM-2B)从所得的矿浆中吸附贵金属。

Description

贵金属回收方法
本发明涉及贵金属回收方法并且本发明可用于从包含碱和碱土金属的氯化物的不同种类的矿物原材料，如制备钾的泥渣中回收贵金属(铂、钯、金等)。
制备钾的泥渣的加工方法(Russian Federation Patent #2132398 RF，MPK6S 22V7/00，公布于June 27，1999)是已知的。按照此方法，含有金的泥渣用水洗选除盐，以便随后去除所得的盐水，将淡水加入到泥渣中，然后使气态氯通过所得的矿浆，以提供在0.3-2.0克/升以内变化的浸出溶液中活性氯浓度的方式进行氯化。浸出结束时，通过吸附回收金。
此方法的缺点是需要彻底清洁氯化物和使用剧毒性物质的氯元素。
从技术观点来看，最接近本发明的是从矿物原材料中回收贵金属的方法(Russian Federation Patent #2291907，公布于January，2006)。根据该方法，用水洗选矿物原材料以去除过量的氯化物，直至氯化物含量在7-13％之间，之后，对洗选的矿浆进行稠化，然后将稠化产品干燥并在600-700℃的温度下焙烧。采用稀释的王水溶液将所述贵金属从矿渣中浸出，接着通过吸附从所得的矿浆中回收。
此方法的缺点是在通过水洗去过量的碱和碱土金属的氯化物时由于氯化钯溶解度使钯随洗选溶液流失而导致的从泥浆中未完全回收贵金属。
此缺点可通过使用本方法而弥补。
通过本方法实现的技术效果是从所加工的材料中提高贵金属的综合回收，其是由避免水洗选碱和碱土金属的氯化物而依赖于含有贵金属的化合物和碱和碱土金属的氯化物的融合物以形成溶于水的铁、铝和硅化合物而得到的，且因此揭示了组成所述材料最细微部分的那部分贵金属。
为了从矿物原材料(包含贵金属和碱金属的氯化物)回收贵金属的方法中实现所述技术效果，包括矿渣的富集与浸出和贵金属吸附，将粘土-盐残渣富集过程中产生的混合精矿(具有15-30％的氯化物含量的制备钾的企业的泥渣)用作矿物原材料。然后将这个材料粒化，之后，将在500-950℃的温度下焙烧颗粒，然后通过盐酸溶液将贵金属从矿渣中浸出并通过吸附回收。
本方法区别于先前描述的“最接近”方法的显著特征如下：将粘土-盐残渣富集过程中产生的混合精矿(具有15-30％的氯化物含量的制备钾的企业的泥渣)用作矿物原材料；然后将这个材料粒化，之后，将在500-950℃的温度下焙烧颗粒，然后通过盐酸溶液将贵金属从矿渣中浸出并通过吸附回收。
由于这些显著特征的存在，提供贵金属综合回收的方法得以实现。
该方法如下进行。
从粘土-盐残渣富集过程中产生的混合精矿(加工钾矿石和石盐的企业的泥渣)，即固液比(S∶L)＝1∶1的稠化矿浆中，不进行之后的氯化物的洗除，提取并粒化不溶性残渣。将产生的颗粒干燥并在500-950℃的温度下焙烧，使矿泥与碱金属氯化物烧结，之后，通过盐酸溶液将所述贵金属从矿渣中浸出并通过吸附，如借助AM-2B树脂，从产生的矿浆中回收。
实施例1
实验进行如下：在500-900℃的温度下，焙烧具有13.5-13.8％氯含量的不溶残渣，通过固液比(S∶L)＝1∶4的3.8-普通王水溶液，在65-70℃下浸出矿渣4小时，通过AM-2B阴离子交换剂吸附贵金属并分析树脂的贵金属含量。
表1从具有13.5-13.8％氯含量的不溶残渣中回收贵金属
Figure BPA00001331477700021
如表1数据所示，无盐(去除矿物质的)泥渣的钯回收量，在500-900℃的温度范围内，事实上一致性地从1.78增加到4.82g/t。
实施例2
实验进行如下：在500-900℃的温度下，焙烧与实施例1同一批的具有18.4％的氯含量的不溶残渣，并且使用与实施例1同样的条件加工矿渣(表2)。
表2从具有18.4％的氯含量的不溶残渣中回收贵金属
如表中数据所示，同先前的实施例，在700-800℃的温度范围内的钯回收量几乎一致，但是之后急剧增加，在900℃的温度下，无盐(去除矿物质的)泥渣回收量实现11.8g/t。铂和金的回收量同时急剧增加。
应当注意的是，洗选的不溶残渣的过量分率就是所得的产品中钯和铂的含量的降低。
实施例3
表3通过HCl+HNO3混合物浸出矿渣
矿渣块度：2mm
浸出参数：比例(S∶L)＝1∶4
温度：90℃
时间：4小时
Figure BPA00001331477700033
Figure BPA00001331477700041
将一批不溶残渣分成5份，将其洗选以去除高达各种比例的氯化物。然后将不溶残渣从过量溶液中分离后粒化。将产生的颗粒(以20kg批量的形式)在850℃的温度下焙烧，并且使用与实施例1同样的条件加工矿渣(表3)。
表3显示对不溶残渣过度洗涤就是产生的产品中钯的含量非常低并因此降低其回收。
实施例4
用与实施例1和2同样的方式制备的粒化不溶残渣样品在850℃的温度下焙烧且将矿渣分成2份。将一半的矿渣用与实施例1同样的条件加工，另一样品在其余参数保持不变的情况下通过10％的盐酸溶液浸出。
表4关于通过酸浸出金属的比较数据
焙烧温度：：850℃
煤砖块度：8mm
Figure BPA00001331477700042
Figure BPA00001331477700051
如表4数据所示，在使用盐酸的所有情况下钯的回收量相对更高。在矿渣浸出过程中转移到溶液中的三价铁作为在高于600℃的温度下，溶解由于这些金属氯化物分解的而形成的金属钯和铂必需的氧化剂(表5)。
表5铁和铝在溶液中的回收
Figure BPA00001331477700052
从包含氯碱和碱土金属的矿物原材料中回收贵金属的本发明的方法的技术效果是在其应用时，实现了从所述矿物原材料中最全面地综合回收铂族金属、金和银。简化了材料加工的技术步骤，并且由于避免了对氯化物过度洗涤的操作而降低了对水的消耗。简化了矿渣加工的技术条件并且由于避免了使用硝酸而改善了生态。

Claims (1)

1.从包含碱和碱土金属的氯化物的矿物原材料中回收贵金属的方法；所述方法包括焙烧、矿渣浸出，其特征在于：将粘土-盐残渣富集过程中产生的混合精矿(具有15-30％氯化物含量的制备钾的企业的泥渣)作为矿物原材料，然后将这个材料粒化，之后在500-950℃的温度下焙烧颗粒，然后通过盐酸溶液将贵金属从矿渣中浸出并通过吸附回收。
CN2009801372386A 2008-09-29 2009-09-08 贵金属回收方法 Pending CN102159738A (zh)

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RU2008138812A RU2386710C1 (ru) 2008-09-29 2008-09-29 Способ извлечения благородных металлов
RU2008138812 2008-09-29
PCT/RU2009/000454 WO2010036142A1 (ru) 2008-09-29 2009-09-08 Способ извлечения благородных металлов

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RU2393243C2 (ru) * 2008-09-29 2010-06-27 Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Уралкалий-Технология" Способ переработки минерального сырья
KR101697596B1 (ko) 2009-01-29 2017-01-18 엘지전자 주식회사 전송 전력을 제어하는 방법 및 이를 위한 장치
RU2770546C1 (ru) * 2021-06-07 2022-04-18 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Горно -технологическая корпорация Западный Урал" Способ извлечения палладия, платины, серебра из отходов переработки калийно-магниевых руд

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CA1228989A (en) * 1984-10-05 1987-11-10 Philip A. Distin Recovery of precious metals from materials containing same
US5074910A (en) * 1987-11-23 1991-12-24 Chevron Research And Technology Company Process for recovering precious metals from sulfide ores
RU2113526C1 (ru) * 1997-03-18 1998-06-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Интегра" Способ переработки упорных руд благородных металлов
RU2235140C2 (ru) * 2002-12-06 2004-08-27 Горный институт Уральского отделения РАН Способ извлечения благородных металлов
CN1737171A (zh) * 2004-08-18 2006-02-22 招金矿业股份有限公司金翅岭金矿 一种减少湿法冶炼废液污染并节约浸银成本的方法
RU2291907C1 (ru) * 2006-01-10 2007-01-20 Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Уралкалий-Технология" Способ извлечения благородных металлов

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Application publication date: 20110817