CN102144603A - Pond cultivating system for utilizing nutrient substance in grade and cultivating method thereof - Google Patents
Pond cultivating system for utilizing nutrient substance in grade and cultivating method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pond cultivating system for utilizing nutrient substances in grade and a cultivating method thereof; the pond cultivating system comprises a plurality of first-grade cultivating ponds and at least one second-grade cultivating pond; the first-grade cultivating ponds are respectively communicated with the second-grade cultivating pond; and the cultivating water in the first-grade cultivating ponds is unidirectionally discharged to the second-grade cultivating pond. The cultivating method comprises the following steps of: constructing the pond cultivating system, selecting and stocking the cultivated living beings, and operating the pond cultivating system. The pond cultivating system in the invention organically combines the pond intensive cultivation and pond extensive cultivation, effectively utilizes the nutrient substance, improves the cultivating economic benefit, reduces the pollutant content in the cultivation discharged water, and reduces the pollution to the outside environment by cultivating; and the cultivating method is simple in operation, scientific and feasible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pond culture system and cultural method thereof that a kind of nutriment classification utilizes, belong to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
Since the reform and opening-up, the fishery development policy of " to support " is carried out by China.2006, China's freshwater aquiculture output reached 2148.31 ten thousand tons, accounted for 59.78% of aquaculture gross yield (3593.95 ten thousand tons); Wherein, freshwater cultured output and area are respectively 1494.51 ten thousand tons and 2531.05 thousand hectares, account for 69.57% and 42.06% of freshwater aquiculture output and area respectively, and freshwater is cultured the contribution of freshwater aquiculture very important.Pond culture becomes the main body of China's aquaculture with its area, the output critical role in total amount.Yet in the behind that pond culture already develops rapidly, the pollution problem that itself exposes is troubling.Existing pond culture pattern is many from devoting exclusive attention to output and economic benefit, exchanges high production for high flow rate, the high investment of feed, fertilizer, medicine etc., causes pond waters seriously polluted, the deterioration of the ecological environment.There are some researches show in the moist forage that pond culture is thrown something and fed, have 5-10% not eaten by fish; And had 25-30% to discharge in the feed of the edible digestion of fish with the form of ight soil; Nitrogen, the phosphorus of nature and artificial input only has about 50% to culture product output, and all the other then are dissipated in pond waters and the sediments.This has not only caused the waste of nutriment, and very easily causes the discharge capacity of water quality deterioration and breed water to increase.The precious water resource and the energy have not only been wasted in the increase greatly of the wastewater discharge of pond culture own, and the discharging of this waste water has also aggravated the eutrophication process in waters such as coastal waters, lake.Therefore, must have creativity consciousness, the traditional handicraft of reform pond culture, the recycling of water is cultured in realization.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above shortcomings in the prior art, thereby the pond culture system and the cultural method thereof that provide a kind of nutriment classification to utilize, this pond culture system has realized the combination of pond fish farming and pond extensive cultivation, can effectively utilize nutriment, improve the culturing economic benefit, reduce the pollutant load of culturing in the draining, reduce and culture the pollution of environment to external world; This cultural method is simple to operate, science, easy row.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention: the pond culture system that a kind of nutriment classification utilizes, it is characterized in that: comprise a plurality of low-level culture pools pool and at least one high-level culture pool pool, the low-level culture pool pool and the high-level culture pool pool are connected respectively, the unidirectional high-level culture pool pool that is disposed to of the breed water in the low-level culture pool pool.
As the further improvement of described pond culture system, the described high-level culture pool pool is arranged on the center, the low-level culture pool pool around be arranged on the high-level culture pool pool around.The described low-level culture pool pool and the high-level culture pool pool should be close mutually on the position, so that the nutriment in the low-level culture pool pool is disposed to the high-level culture pool pool.
As the further improvement of described pond culture system, the gross area of described a plurality of cultivating pools be all high-level culture pool pool gross areas 5-6 doubly.
As the further improvement of described pond culture system, the described low-level culture pool pool is at least five.So that realize the low-level culture pool pool in turn to high-level culture pool pool discharging breed water in breeding process, the described high-level culture pool pool can only be provided with flatly.
As the further improvement of described pond culture system, the mean depth of water on the described low-level culture pool pool changes between 1.6-2.1 rice, and the mean depth of water on the described high-level culture pool pool is 1.5 meters.
The cultural method of the pond culture system that a kind of nutriment classification utilizes is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
The structure of (1) pond culture system: described pond culture system is made of a plurality of low-level culture pools pool and at least one high-level culture pool pool, the low-level culture pool pool and the high-level culture pool pool are connected respectively, the unidirectional high-level culture pool pool that is disposed to of the breed water in the low-level culture pool pool;
(2) selection of aquaculture organism and putting in a suitable place to breed: the aquaculture organism of putting suitable high-density breeding on the low-level culture pool pool in a suitable place to breed or having high economic worth, put filter food and resistance to soiling biology in a suitable place to breed on the high-level culture pool pool;
The operation of (3) pond culture system: feed or fertilising are thrown in by normal breeding way in the low-level culture pool pool during whole breed; The high-level culture pool pool is thrown in feed at the initial stage of putting in a suitable place to breed by normal breeding way, when treating that there is the discharging of the water of breed on the low-level culture pool pool, the high-level culture pool pool stops to throw in feed or fertilising, because culturing the breed water on the pool, one-level contains the nutriments such as swill, organic matter and nutritive salts that a large amount of aquaculture organism utilizations of not put in a suitable place to breed in it are fallen, therefore, it can be used as secondary and cultures nutriment biological in the pool, and the aquaculture organism in the high-level culture pool pool leans on the breed water of low-level culture pool pool discharge as its nutriment source fully at this moment.
As the further improvement of described pond breeding method, the aquaculture organism of putting in a suitable place to breed in the described low-level culture pool pool comprises one or more in soft-shelled turtle, Qiao Zui Erythroculter, long-snout catfish, river Puffer, perch, prawn, the freshwater shrimp; The described high-level culture pool pool is put filter food in a suitable place to breed and is comprised in silver carp, flathead, paddlefish or the shellfish one or more; Described resistance to soiling biology comprises one or more in Tilapia mossambica, crucian or the carp.
Further improvement as described pond breeding method, breed hydromining in described a plurality of low-level culture pools pool is disposed to the high-level culture pool pool with wheel streaming drainage, the discharging order is carried out according to the actual water quality condition of each cultivating pool, at first select the poorest one of water quality to carry out draining, stop draining after the certain depth of water of water level depression of this cultivating pool, the low-level culture pool pool after the draining is immediately from the watershed moisturizing to former water level.
As the further improvement of described pond breeding method, the described low-level culture pool pool at every turn to the drainage discharge on the high-level culture pool pool so that the water surface liquid level decline 30-50cm of this cultivating pool is a standard.
The present invention compared with prior art, advantage is: described pond culture system has realized the combination of pond fish farming and pond extensive cultivation, can effectively utilize nutriment, improves the culturing economic benefit, reduce the pollutant load of culturing in the draining, reduce and culture the pollution of environment to external world; Described cultural method is simple to operate, science, easy row.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the pond culture system schematic in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with concrete drawings and Examples.
The structure of (1) pond culture system:
As shown in Figure 1, described pond culture system is made of 10 low-level culture pool pools 1 (being numbered 1#-10#) and 1 high-level culture pool pool 2 (being numbered 11#), described 10 low-level culture pool pools 1 around be arranged on the high-level culture pool pool 2 around, the gross area on 10 low-level culture pool pools 1 is 93 mu, and the mean depth of water in each pond changes between 1.6-2.1 rice; The area on the described high-level culture pool pool 2 is 20 mu, and mean depth of water is 1.5 meters; The breed water on the low-level culture pool pool 1 can pump in the high-level culture pool pool 2 by water pump 3.
(2) selection of aquaculture organism and putting in a suitable place to breed
The low-level culture pool pool 1 and the high-level culture pool pool 2 to put kind, quantity and specification in a suitable place to breed as shown in table 1 in detail:
The described 1#-8# low-level culture pool pool 1 is mainly used in cultivation long-snout catfish fingerling in 1 age, joins simultaneously and supports a small amount of mandarin fish; The described 9# low-level culture pool pool 1 is mainly used in cultures less long-snout catfish marketable fish and pike, joins simultaneously and supports a small amount of silver carp; The described 10# low-level culture pool pool 1 is mainly used in the bigger long-snout catfish marketable fish of breed, joins simultaneously and supports a small amount of silver carp and yellow cartfish.
The described high-level culture pool pool 2 hangs bag and hangs foster hydriopsis cumingii, and two of every packed hydriopsis cumingiis hang between the mesh bag and support 40 centimetres of spacings, 2 meters of every row's mesh bag spacings, and general dried up 20 centimetres of the hydriopsis cumingii in the mesh bag, individual layer hangs foster; Simultaneously, raise together with silver carp, bighead, yellow cartfish, hemibarbus maculatus, black carp and the grass carp of different proportion in the high-level culture pool pool 2.
The selection of table 1 aquaculture organism and putting in a suitable place to breed
The operation of (3) pond culture system:
Feed or fertilising are thrown in by normal breeding way in the low-level culture pool pool 1 during whole breed; Suitably applied fertilizer to satisfy the growth needs of aquaculture organism at the initial stage of putting in a suitable place to breed in the high-level culture pool pool 2, when treating that there is the discharging of the water of breed on the low-level culture pool pool 1, the high-level culture pool pool 2 stops to throw in feed or fertilising, because culturing the breed water on the pool, one-level contains the nutriments such as swill, organic matter and nutritive salts that a large amount of aquaculture organism utilizations of not put in a suitable place to breed in it are fallen, therefore, it can be used as secondary and cultures nutriment biological in the pool, and the aquaculture organism in the high-level culture pool pool 2 leans on the breed water of the low-level culture pool pool 1 discharge as its nutriment source fully at this moment.
Breed hydromining in described a plurality of low-level culture pools pool 1 is disposed to the high-level culture pool pool 2 with wheel streaming drainage, discharging order is carried out (generally when water transparency can consider draining in time below 25 centimetres) according to the actual water quality condition of each cultivating pool, at first select the poorest one of water quality to carry out draining, behind the water level depression 30-50cm of this cultivating pool, stop draining, select the poorest pond of next water quality to continue drainings to the high-level culture pool pool 2 then, next by that analogy according to the drainage discharge standard of water surface decline 30-50cm.The low-level culture pool pool 1 after the draining is immediately from the watershed moisturizing to former water level.
(4) culturing the result detects and analyzes:
Adopt above-mentioned cultivating system and cultural method to culture 6 months (2010 5--2010 November), culture finish after, the aquaculture organism output of each cultivating pool is as shown in table 2.
The aquaculture organism output situation of each cultivating pool of table 2
As can be seen from Table 2, this pond culture system has effectively utilized nutriment, improves the culturing economic benefit.At system's run duration of present embodiment, the mu benefit on the high-level culture pool pool reaches 1304 yuan/mu (by market prices at that time), has improved the culturing economic benefit greatly.
Simultaneously, system's run duration at present embodiment, water inlet (being the draining on the low-level culture pool pool) and draining to the high-level culture pool pool are monitored, the result shows, after the utilization of the draining on the low-level culture pool pool through high-level culture pool pool biology, water body NH4+-N, NO2--N, NO3--N, PO43--P, TN, TP, the reduction quantitative changeization of CODMn and Chla is at 25.58%-50.82%, 16.95%-45.45%, 25.23%-48.48%, 18.37%-52.43%, 19.47%-49.39%, 12.24%-50.00%, 31.88%-49.63% and 66.87%-92.09% have on average reduced by 38.05%, 26.93%, 34.75%, 36.50%, 29.66%, 32.49%, 41.21% and 83.48%.Illustrate that this cultivating system can fully reduce the pollutant load of culturing in the draining, reduce the pollutional load of pond culture external environment.
As fully visible, the pond culture system of a kind of nutriment classification utilization of the present invention and cultural method thereof can effectively be utilized nutriment, improve the culturing economic benefit, reduce the pollutant load of culturing in the draining, reduce the pollutional load of pond culture to external environment.
Claims (9)
1. the pond culture system that utilizes of a nutriment classification, it is characterized in that: comprise a plurality of low-level culture pools pool (1) and at least one high-level culture pool pool (2), the low-level culture pool pool (1) and the high-level culture pool pool (2) are connected respectively, the unidirectional high-level culture pool pool (2) that is disposed to of the breed water in the low-level culture pool pool (1).
2. the pond culture system that nutriment classification as claimed in claim 1 utilizes, it is characterized in that: the described high-level culture pool pool (2) is arranged on the center, the low-level culture pool pool (1) around be arranged on the high-level culture pool pool (2) around.
3. the pond culture system that nutriment classification as claimed in claim 1 utilizes is characterized in that: the gross area of described a plurality of cultivating pools is 5-6 times of all the high-level culture pool pool (2) gross areas.
4. the pond culture system that nutriment classification as claimed in claim 1 utilizes, it is characterized in that: the described low-level culture pool pool (1) is at least five.
5. the pond culture system that nutriment classification as claimed in claim 1 utilizes is characterized in that: the mean depth of water on the described low-level culture pool pool (1) changes between 1.6-2.1 rice, and the mean depth of water on the described high-level culture pool pool (2) is 1.5 meters.
6. the cultural method of the pond culture system of a nutriment classification utilization is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
The structure of (1) pond culture system: described pond culture system is made of a plurality of low-level culture pools pool (1) and at least one high-level culture pool pool (2), the low-level culture pool pool (1) and the high-level culture pool pool (2) are connected respectively, the unidirectional high-level culture pool pool (2) that is disposed to of the breed water in the low-level culture pool pool (1);
(2) selection of aquaculture organism and putting in a suitable place to breed:, put filter food and resistance to soiling biology in a suitable place to breed in the high-level culture pool pool (2) at the aquaculture organism that the low-level culture pool pool (1) is put suitable high-density breeding in a suitable place to breed or had high economic worth;
The operation of (3) pond culture system: the low-level culture pool pool (1) throws in feed or fertilising by normal breeding way during whole breed; The high-level culture pool pool (2) is thrown in feed at the initial stage of putting in a suitable place to breed by normal breeding way, when treating that there is the discharging of the water of breed on the low-level culture pool pool (1), the high-level culture pool pool (2) stops to throw in feed or fertilising, and the aquaculture organism in high-level culture pool pool this moment (2) leans on the breed water of the low-level culture pool pool (1) discharge as its nutriment source fully.
7. the cultural method of the pond culture system that nutriment classification as claimed in claim 6 utilizes, it is characterized in that: the aquaculture organism of putting in a suitable place to breed in the described low-level culture pool pool comprises one or more in soft-shelled turtle, Qiao Zui Erythroculter, long-snout catfish, river Puffer, perch, prawn, the freshwater shrimp; The described high-level culture pool pool is put filter food in a suitable place to breed and is comprised in silver carp, flathead, paddlefish or the shellfish one or more; Described resistance to soiling biology comprises one or more in Tilapia mossambica, crucian or the carp.
8. the cultural method of the pond culture system that nutriment classification as claimed in claim 6 utilizes, it is characterized in that: the breed hydromining in described a plurality of low-level culture pools pools (1) is disposed to the high-level culture pool pool (2) with wheel streaming drainage, the discharging order is carried out according to the actual water quality condition of each cultivating pool, at first select the poorest one of water quality to carry out draining, stop draining behind the certain water level of water level depression of this cultivating pool, the low-level culture pool pool (1) after the draining is immediately from the watershed moisturizing to former water level.
9. the cultural method of the pond culture system that nutriment classification as claimed in claim 8 utilizes is characterized in that: the described low-level culture pool pool (1) at every turn to the drainage discharge of the high-level culture pool pool (2) so that the water surface liquid level decline 30-50cm of this cultivating pool.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103814858A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-28 | 北京市水产科学研究所 | Multi-level fish alternate culturing pond |
| CN104509477A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-15 | 天津市益多利来水产养殖有限公司 | Culture pond for fish polyculture |
| CN105284698A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-02-03 | 常州市武进区水产技术推广站 | Fishery industrialized circulating flowing water culture system |
| CN105309366A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-10 | 常州市武进区水产技术推广站 | Fishery industrialized circular flowing water aquaculture system and method |
| CN105454113A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-04-06 | 宁波大学 | Fish, shrimp, and shellfish seawater pond circulating aquacultural method |
| CN106172114A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 宁波文明水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of high density supports shrimp tail water for the method cultivating Sinonovacula constricta |
| CN107242166A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-13 | 安徽省泾县丰瑞水产科技有限公司 | The integrated cultural method of a kind of sturgeon, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco |
| CN107258625A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-20 | 安徽省泾县丰瑞水产科技有限公司 | The integrated cultural method of a kind of sturgeon, rainbow trout |
| CN107278991A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-24 | 安徽省泾县丰瑞水产科技有限公司 | The integrated cultural method of a kind of sturgeon, opsariichthys bidenses |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103814858A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-28 | 北京市水产科学研究所 | Multi-level fish alternate culturing pond |
| CN104509477A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-15 | 天津市益多利来水产养殖有限公司 | Culture pond for fish polyculture |
| CN105309366A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-10 | 常州市武进区水产技术推广站 | Fishery industrialized circular flowing water aquaculture system and method |
| CN105284698A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-02-03 | 常州市武进区水产技术推广站 | Fishery industrialized circulating flowing water culture system |
| CN105454113A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-04-06 | 宁波大学 | Fish, shrimp, and shellfish seawater pond circulating aquacultural method |
| CN105454113B (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-06-08 | 宁波大学 | A kind of fishes and shrimps shellfish enclosed seawater pond cyclic culture method |
| CN106172114A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 宁波文明水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of high density supports shrimp tail water for the method cultivating Sinonovacula constricta |
| CN107242166A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-13 | 安徽省泾县丰瑞水产科技有限公司 | The integrated cultural method of a kind of sturgeon, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco |
| CN107258625A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-20 | 安徽省泾县丰瑞水产科技有限公司 | The integrated cultural method of a kind of sturgeon, rainbow trout |
| CN107278991A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-24 | 安徽省泾县丰瑞水产科技有限公司 | The integrated cultural method of a kind of sturgeon, opsariichthys bidenses |
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Application publication date: 20110810 |