CN102132664B - Drip irrigation water-saving method for red dates in arid regions - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a mulched drip irrigation energy-saving method for red dates in arid regions, which comprises the steps of seeding, laying of a drip irrigation tape, mulching and grafting. In the method, can effectively reduce the evaporation of soil water can be effectively reduced, and salt and alkaline pressed by soil and soil moisture conservation are facilitated by considering the practical conditions of less rainfall and commonly serious salinization in arid regions and combining the traditional drip irrigation technology and the mulching measures according to the growth characteristics of the red dates. Shown by a great amount of experiments, under mulching condition, the irrigation period of date trees is prolonged to 15-16 days from 10 days under non-mulching condition, so that the growth demand of the red dates can be met and water can be saved by 50-55 percent; and the mulched drip irrigation method for red dates can save water by 50-55 percent in comparison with the traditional drip irrigation mode for each mu (mu is a unit of area). With the method, the technical difficulties of lack of water, salt damage, difficult wintering of large-scale forests and fruits planting under control conditions are solved, the wintering dead rate of fruit trees is reduced by 4-6 percent, thus being suitable for promotion of large-area forest and fruit engineering in arid areas, and providing a new concept for applying of the mulched drip irrigation energy-saving technology in forest and fruit industry.

Description

Red jujubes in arid region under-film drip irrigation water-saving method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of red jujubes in arid region under-film drip irrigation water-saving method, belong to woods fruit water-saving planting technology, is a kind of district oasis agricultural water conservation measure to extensive red date plantation.

Background technology

Arid biogeographic zone is rare with precipitation, evaporation is main climatic characteristics strongly, and water resource is the of paramount importance factor of restriction economic development.But along with The development in society and economy, human exploitation to the oasis increasingly sharpens, and oasis area constantly enlarges, population sharply increases, and water scarcity has become restriction oasis economic development distinct issues the most.Simultaneously, arid biogeographic zone special climate condition causes salinity to accumulate in the face of land with the moisture violent evaporation along hollow billet, causes crop production reduction; Therefore, the development water-saving irrigation technique, harm becomes the developing key factor of oasis farming to crop quality with alleviating salinity to improve folk prescription aquatic products value.In recent years, along with the influence power of Ruoqiang red date brand constantly enlarges, the red date planting scale is the growth of how much formulas, realizes that water-saving irrigation becomes many groups field, South Sinkiang and the urgent demand in small towns.

But also there are certain technological difficulties in the establishing in large scale red date at present, mainly shows: how (1) realizes that can the problem of water saving of red date plantation be its prerequisite that be able to promote in arid, semiarid zone on a large scale; (2) how the yield and quality of ubiquitous soil salinization problems affect red date in the arid area is depressed into salt below the root zone through the drip irrigation measure; (3) because the red date root system is shallow, can't survive the winter vegetative period at 1-2, therefore how ensuring safety survives the winter also becomes a key factor of its implant mass of restriction.

The under-film drip irrigation water-saving technology is widely used in the agricultural planting of arid biogeographic zone, and technology is ripe relatively.But because the particularity that woods is really planted causes it in industry of planting forest or fruit tress is promoted, to also have a lot of technical problems not solve, promptly to the difficult point of red jujubes in arid region plantation, the drip irrigation economize technology provides a kind of red jujubes in arid region under-film drip irrigation water-saving method under the binding film in the present invention.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is; Characteristics according to the red date growth in conjunction with the heavier actual conditions of the short of rain and general salination of arid biogeographic zone, provide a kind of red jujubes in arid region under-film drip irrigation water-saving method; This method is by sowing, lays irrigate band, overlay film and the completion of grafting step; This method combines traditional drip irrigation technique with the overlay film measure, can effectively reduce soil water evaporation, helps soil and presses saline and alkaline and guarantor's entropy.Experiment through a large amount of shows, under the overlay film condition, the watering period of jujube tree extended to 15-16 days by 10 days under the overlay film condition not and can satisfy the red date growing requirements, water saving 50-55%; Every mu of red date under-film drip irrigation is than traditional drip irrigation mode 50-55% that economizes on water.This method can alleviate the upwards migration of salinity simultaneously; Can realize simultaneously the effect of red date root system insulation; This method solved carry out under the controlled condition extensive woods really plant in lack of water, salt damage, the difficult technological difficulties of surviving the winter; Reduce wintering of fruit tree lethality 4-6%, be suitable for the popularization of arid biogeographic zone large tracts of land woods fruit engineering, for the utilization of under-film drip irrigation water-saving technology in industry of planting forest or fruit tress provides a new thinking.

A kind of red jujubes in arid region under-film drip irrigation water-saving method of the present invention follows these steps to carry out:

A, sowing: the wild jujube seed of selecting drought-enduring, salt tolerant adopts the disc type precision drilling of mechanical cave as stock variety, accomplishes that a cave is a kind of, and every mu of sowing seed weight is the 150-250 gram;

B, laying irrigate band: the irrigate band is laid with sowing and is carried out simultaneously, the corresponding kind cave of each water dropper of irrigate band;

C, overlay film: selectively film thickness is 0.07mm, and the wide 125cm of film utilizes machinery that kind of a cave is laid, lay accomplish the back on the film limit earthing 3cm, the native 0.5cm of film middle part laying;

Behind d, the seed germination, seedling is put seedling, make whole seedling under film, expose the face of land;

E, the wild jujube seedling is implemented final singling, irrigate, the wild jujube seedling grows to and carries out pinching behind the 50cm and pinch; Field management; In 1 year the wild jujube stock is wiped out with top apart from ground 30cm, the red date fringe of grafting high-quality, and carry out conventional irrigation and can work as the annual output jujube with field management.

Sowing spacing in the rows among the step a is 20cm, and line-spacing is 4.0-4.2m.

Step c plastic mulching is double-deck the laying.

Red jujubes in arid region under-film drip irrigation water-saving method of the present invention, this method are under the overlay film condition, and the watering period of jujube tree extended to 15-16 days by 10 days under the overlay film condition not and can satisfy the red date growing requirements, water saving 50-55%.Contrast not under the overlay film condition, overlay film can make jujube tree root zone 0-35cm soil can realize desalination, and the 35-60cm soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil cycle delays 5-8 days, and can delay soil salt and move to the root district.20cm ground temperature is higher than not overlay film situation 0.3-0.5 ℃ behind the overlay film, can effectively reduce seedling death in winter, and test shows that overlay film can make the jujube tree overwintering mortality reduce 4-6%.

According to experimental result, every mu of red date under-film drip irrigation is than traditional drip irrigation mode 50-55% that economizes on water.If with every mu of water saving 270 sides, side's water is by 0.3 yuan of calculating, and single is example with 34 of study areas, 100,000 mu of jujube gardens 540-1080 ten thousand sides that just can economize on water, and ten thousand yuan of 162-364 year reduce cost.Simultaneously because overlay film delays the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, water conservation is protected effects such as entropy; Improve 5% by per mu yield,, can increase economic efficiency 10,000 ten thousand yuan with 20 yuan of calculating of per kilogram red date; Prove absolutely that employing red jujubes in arid region under-film drip irrigation water-saving method economic benefit is considerable, promotion potential is huge.

Embodiment

Embodiment

The present invention carries out the experiment of red date under-film drip irrigation water-saving method 34,35 of two teachers of farming of the Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang:

Choosing ground and whole ground: choose 5 mu of no longer cultivated sand soils as sample plot at desert edge, apply fertilizer to the subsoil to plough deeply and bury November the previous year, carried out spring irrigation at the beginning of leveling land back 4 months, prepares for sowing wild jujube spring;

Sowing: selecting wild jujube drought-enduring, salt tolerant is stock variety, and in sowing mid-April, seeding method adopts the disc type precision drilling of mechanical cave, accomplishes that a cave is a kind of, and the sowing spacing in the rows is 20cm, and line-spacing is 4.0-4.2m, and every mu of sowing seed weight is the 150-250 gram;

Lay the irrigate band: take mechanization to lay the irrigate band and lay and sow and carry out simultaneously, the corresponding kind cave of each water dropper of irrigate band;

Overlay film: selectively film thickness is 0.07mm; The wide 125cm of film utilizes machinery that kind of a cave is laid, and plastic mulching is double-deck the laying; Lay to accomplish the back on the film limit earthing 3cm, the native 0.5cm of film middle part laying; In case the wind erosion mulch film, field plastic mulching degree is advisable with 60-70%, and plastic mulching follows and pave, strains, bury tight, the principle of compacting, close proximity to ground;

Behind the seed germination, seedling is put seedling, make whole seedling under film, expose the face of land;

Grafting: the wild jujube seedling is implemented final singling, irrigate, the wild jujube seedling grows to and carries out pinching behind the 50cm and pinch; Field management; Skirt branch below the 10cm, bull branch are erased,, the wild jujube stock is wiped out with top apart from ground 30cm in mid-April, second for grafting work is prepared; The red date fringe of grafting high-quality, and carry out conventional irrigation and can work as the annual output jujube with field management.

Claims (3)

1. red jujubes in arid region under-film drip irrigation water-saving method is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:

A, sowing: the wild jujube seed of selecting drought-enduring, salt tolerant adopts the disc type precision drilling of mechanical cave as stock variety, accomplishes that a cave is a kind of, and every mu of sowing seed weight is the 150-250 gram;

B, laying irrigate band: the irrigate band is laid with sowing and is carried out simultaneously, the corresponding kind cave of each water dropper of irrigate band;

C, overlay film: selectively film thickness is 0.07mm, and the wide 125cm of film utilizes machinery that kind of a cave is laid, lay accomplish the back on the film limit earthing 3cm, the native 0.5cm of film middle part laying;

Behind d, the seed germination, seedling is put seedling, make whole seedling under film, expose the face of land;

E, the wild jujube seedling is implemented final singling, irrigate, the wild jujube seedling grows to and carries out pinching behind the 50cm and pinch; Field management; In 1 year the wild jujube stock is wiped out with top apart from ground 30cm, the red date fringe of grafting high-quality, and carry out conventional irrigation and can work as the annual output jujube with field management.

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the sowing spacing in the rows among the step a is 20cm, and line-spacing is 4.0-4.2m.

3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step c plastic mulching is double-deck laying.