CN102120459A - High-frame wide-body electric vehicle and on-off device and quick escape system thereof - Google Patents
High-frame wide-body electric vehicle and on-off device and quick escape system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102120459A CN102120459A CN2010100045127A CN201010004512A CN102120459A CN 102120459 A CN102120459 A CN 102120459A CN 2010100045127 A CN2010100045127 A CN 2010100045127A CN 201010004512 A CN201010004512 A CN 201010004512A CN 102120459 A CN102120459 A CN 102120459A
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- vehicle body
- getting
- vehicle
- railway carriage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-frame wide-body electric vehicle and an on-off device and a quick escape system thereof. The vehicle comprises a vehicle body, wheels, and a power system, wherein the vehicle body comprises a carriage and a chassis; a plurality of wheels are arranged below the chassis, and are connected with the vehicle body through brackets; a common car can pass below the chassis; and the top of the vehicle body is provided with entrances/exits for passengers to get on or off the vehicle and staircases. The on-off device comprises an elevated bridge erected above a road, and stations on two sides of the road; and two sides of the carriage are provided with escape doors. The top of the vehicle body is provided with the passenger entrances/exits, and bridge stations are arranged above the road, so that the passengers get on or off the vehicle easily, and a passage for pedestrians to cross the road is increased. In an emergency state, the passengers can slide out of the carriage through the escape doors, the old and children are easily evacuated particularly, and the safety of the vehicle is improved. The invention is an economic, practical and feasible public transport choice in modern cities, and can effectively improve the difficult situation of traffic jams of urban roads at present.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vehicle, especially a kind of chassis is enough high and enough wide, the overhead expanded letter electric car of the stock car that can pass through below vehicle body; And the apparatus for getting on/down and the fast escaping device that are used for passenger getting on/off.
Background technology
The public transport means of modern city generally has city motor bus, electric car and subway.The city motor bus operating cost is lower, travel flexibly, can produce large quantity of exhaust gas and noise in the driving process, is the main vehicle in most of cities; Electric car comprises trackless trolley car and tramway train, have advantages such as zero-emission, noise be little, but its running route is restricted.Need take a large amount of path resources when city motor bus and electric car operation.The passenger capacity of subway is big, moving velocity is fast, but its investment and operating cost are bigger, and at present domestic have only a few cities to have.
Modern city is not because the road that increases catches up with the demand that vehicle increases, and public transport means is difficult to satisfy the demand of people's trip, traffic jam occurs through regular meeting, brings very big influence for people's trip.On the other hand, most of city motor buss and roadlice adopt fuel engines, produce waste gas and noise in the driving process, not only cause the oil resources anxiety, and the gross pollution city environment, and a large amount of carbon emissions has also been destroyed the ecology environment of the earth.
The applicant was on June 26th, 2009, having submitted title to is the Chinese invention patent application and the utility application of " wide-body elevated car ", application for a patent for invention number is 200910040634.9, this patent application mainly proposes the built on stilts and broadening with vehicle, the space that utilizes the urban highway top is as shipping platform, dillies such as roadlice can be travelled under the vehicle body of elevated car, thereby increase the transportation volume of vehicle and road, its investment and operation cost are lower, can effectively alleviate hard case of present urban road traffic congestion.It is further perfect that but the safety system of vehicle and passenger getting on/off device remain.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of employing driven by power, chassis is enough high and enough wide, stock car can pass through below vehicle body, and railway carriage is provided with a plurality of emergency exits, and the passenger can enter overhead expanded letter electric car and apparatus for getting on/down and fast escaping device in the vehicle body by built on stilts overline bridge from the vehicle body top.
The objective of the invention is by realizing by the following technical solutions:
Overhead expanded letter electric car and apparatus for getting on/down and fast escaping device, vehicle comprises vehicle body, wheel, power system, control loop and brake system, vehicle body comprises railway carriage and chassis, railway carriage is located on the chassis, the both sides of below, chassis are provided with a plurality of wheels, wheel is by support and body contact, described chassis and ground-surface distance are greater than the height of stock car, distance between vehicle body two side stands or the wheel makes stock car to pass through under chassis greater than the width of stock car;
The top of described vehicle body is provided with the gangway of passenger getting on/off, is provided with ladder between gangway and the load carrying floor, and the gangway is provided with cover plate;
The apparatus for getting on/down of described vehicle comprises the overhead overline bridge that is erected at the travel top, the height at this overline bridge ground-surface height of distance and vehicle body top is suitable, overline bridge is provided with and the suitable import and export in gangway, vehicle body top, the overline bridge two ends are provided with and ground bonded assembly ladder or escalator, make that the passenger can be by overhead overline bridge from vehicle body top discrepancy railway carriage.
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the side of described railway carriage is provided with a plurality of car doors, and the cover plate of gangway, vehicle body top comprises tumbeler switch formula cover plate and horizontal movable type cover plate;
The apparatus for getting on/down of described vehicle also comprises the platform that is located at vehicle ' road both sides, and the height of the height on platform plane and described car door bottom surface is suitable;
Perhaps, the height at the height on described platform plane and described vehicle body top is suitable;
The platform plane is connected with ground by ladder or escalator.
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the both sides of described railway carriage are made of side panel, be provided with a plurality of portable plates in the side panel of railway carriage one or both sides, be made as flexible connection between portable plate and the vehicle body, thus make portable plate relatively vehicle body open and constitute quick emergency exits.
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the lower end of described portable plate is by hinge and body contact, be made as the flexible connection that to push open or to dismantle in the car between its upper end and the vehicle body, portable plate and vehicle body are provided with the oblique rope rope between the upper end, make portable plate open after ground formation inclined-plane relatively;
Perhaps; The both sides of described portable plate are provided with telescopic supporting rod, and portable plate is opened back support rod and stretched out and support ground, thereby make the relative ground of portable plate form the inclined-plane.
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, be provided with many grab rails with the corresponding position of portable plate on the inboard of described portable plate and the railway carriage.
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, described vehicle body comprises a plurality of interconnective railway carriages, connects by articulating device between the adjacent railway carriage;
Be respectively equipped with independently power system and control loop in the railway carriage of described vehicle body rear and front end.
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, described power system comprises motor and power supply;
Described power supply comprises external source, storage battery or ultracapacitor; The vehicle body outside is provided with power interface or charging inlet.
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, be provided with a/c system in the described railway carriage, the vehicle body outside is provided with cold air or heating installation input interface.
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, be respectively equipped with radar detection apparatus below the front of described vehicle body, back and the chassis;
Vehicle body is provided with combined aural and visual alarm or telltale, and the front of vehicle body, back or side are provided with LCD display or light-emitting diode display.
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, described overhead overline bridge or platform are provided with solar energy photovoltaic panel and electric power system and charging unit;
Also be provided with cold air or heating installation input media on described overhead overline bridge or the platform.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention sets up passenger inlet at the vehicle body top, the overline bridge platform is set above road, not only can make things convenient for passenger getting on/off, and has increased the passage that the pedestrian is crossed road.
Vehicle body side is provided with a plurality of emergency exits, when the emergency state occurring, the passenger does not need to smash glass for vehicle window, cross vehicle window, can easily skid off the compartment along portable plate, a large amount of passengers can escape rapidly at short notice, grab rail helps avoid passenger's mutual extrusion or tramples, and makes things convenient for handicapped passengers such as old man, children, pregnant woman to leave railway carriage especially, has further improved the safety of vehicle.
The overhead expanded letter electric car of the present invention passenger capacity is big, 2 to 3 roadlices that can walk abreast under the vehicle body, and less to the ground communications influence, the transportation volume and the roadlice that have increased road can be independent of each other same travels down, harmonious operation; Compare subway, investment of the present invention and operation cost are all very low, compare other road surface public transport means, low noise of the present invention, non-exhaust emission; Tall and big vehicle body is good advertising carrier, makes things convenient for the passenger to appreciate scene on the way, and himself also constitutes townscape; The present invention can also effectively reduce traffic accident, guarantee passenger safety.
The present invention is that economical and practical, the practicable public transport of modern city is selected the hard case that can effectively improve present urban road traffic congestion.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan structure scheme drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of looking up of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the plan structure scheme drawing of elevated car of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of looking up of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the left TV structure scheme drawing of Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 is the plan structure scheme drawing after elevated car of the present invention is opened emergency exits;
Fig. 8 is the left TV structure scheme drawing of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is that elevated car emergency exits of the present invention adopt expansion link to support ground-surface structural representation;
Figure 10 is the perspective view after elevated car of the present invention is opened emergency exits.
The specific embodiment
Extremely shown in Figure 10 as Fig. 1, overhead expanded letter electric car and apparatus for getting on/down and fast escaping device, vehicle comprises vehicle body 1, wheel 4, power system, control loop and brake system, vehicle body 1 comprises railway carriage 11 and chassis, railway carriage 11 is located on the chassis, the both sides of below, chassis are provided with a plurality of wheels 4, wheel 4 is connected with vehicle body 1 by support 12, described chassis and ground-surface distance are greater than the height of stock car, distance between 1 liang of side stand 12 of vehicle body or the wheel 4 makes stock car to pass through under chassis greater than the width of stock car; The top of described vehicle body 1 is provided with the gangway 13 of passenger getting on/off, is provided with ladder between this gangway 13 and railway carriage 11 floors, and gangway 13 is provided with cover plate 131.The apparatus for getting on/down of described vehicle comprises the overhead overline bridge 2 that is erected at the travel top, the height at these overline bridge 2 ground-surface height of distance and vehicle body 1 top is suitable, overline bridge 2 is provided with the import and export 21 suitable with gangway, vehicle body 1 top 13, overline bridge 2 two ends are provided with and ground bonded assembly ladder or escalator 3, make that the passenger can be by the gangway 13 discrepancy railway carriages 11 of overhead overline bridge 2 from vehicle body 1 top.
In the present embodiment, the side of described railway carriage 11 is provided with a plurality of car doors, and the cover plate 131 of gangway, vehicle body 1 top 13 can be tumbeler switch formula cover plate or horizontal movable type cover plate.The apparatus for getting on/down of described vehicle also comprises the platform that is located at vehicle ' road both sides, and the height of the height on platform plane and described car door bottom surface is suitable, and the passenger can enter in the railway carriage 11 by the car door of roadside platform from vehicle body 1 side.As another kind of embodiment, the height at the height on described platform plane and vehicle body 1 top is suitable, and the platform plane is connected with ground by ladder or escalator, makes the passenger also can pass through the roadside platform and 13 passes in and out railway carriages 11 from gangway, vehicle body 1 top.
Shown in Fig. 7,8,9 and 10, the both sides of railway carriage 11 of the present invention are made of side panel, be provided with a plurality of portable plates 14 in the side panel of railway carriage 11 1 sides, be made as flexible connection between portable plate 14 and the vehicle body 1, thus make portable plate 14 relatively vehicle body open and constitute quick emergency exits.The lower end of described portable plate 14 is connected with vehicle body 1 by hinge, is made as the flexible connection that can push open or dismantle in the car between its upper end and the vehicle body 1, is provided with oblique rope rope 15 between portable plate 14 and vehicle body 1 upper end, as shown in Figure 8.When the emergency state occurring, can open portable plate 14 immediately, portable plate 14 is opened the back and is formed the inclined-plane in ground relatively, and the passenger can slide from bevelled portable plate 14, thereby speeds away the railway carriage escape.As another kind of embodiment, as shown in Figure 9, the both sides of described portable plate 14 are provided with telescopic supporting rod 16, and portable plate 14 is opened back support rod 16 and stretched out and support ground, thereby make portable plate 14 relative ground form the inclined-plane.
The inboard of the described portable plate 14 of present embodiment is provided with many grab rails 17, railway carriage 11 and portable plate 14 corresponding positions, and promptly emergency exits also are provided with many grab rails 17, and grab rail 17 helps avoid passenger's mutual extrusion or trample when escaping.Height between the lower frame of emergency exits and railway carriage 11 floors can be provided with enough lowly, thereby makes things convenient for handicapped passengers such as old man, children, pregnant woman to leave railway carriage, further improves the safety of vehicle.
The described vehicle body of present embodiment comprises a plurality of interconnective railway carriages 11, connects by articulating device between the adjacent railway carriage 11, can in time carry additionally or shirks railway carriage 11 according to the situation of passenger capacity, to improve conveying efficiency, to save operating cost.Be respectively equipped with independently power system and control loop in the railway carriage of vehicle body rear and front end, hinder for some reason when occurring casting anchor, can enable reserve power system and control loop immediately, thereby improve the reliability of vehicle at vehicle.
Described power system comprises motor and power supply, and power supply comprises external source, storage battery or ultracapacitor, and the vehicle body outside is provided with power interface or charging inlet.Be provided with a/c system in the railway carriage 11, the vehicle body outside is provided with cold air or heating installation input interface.Be respectively equipped with solar energy photovoltaic panel and electric power system, charging unit and cold air or heating installation input media on the overhead overline bridge of described road top and the roadside platform, so that when vehicle stops on-board and off-board, in time give Vehicular charging, additional cold air or heating installation.
Be respectively equipped with radar detection apparatus below front, back and the chassis of the described vehicle body 1 of present embodiment, vehicle body 1 is provided with combined aural and visual alarm or telltale, and the front of vehicle body 1, back or side are provided with LCD display or light-emitting diode display.In road the place ahead or rear view of vehicle and Overheight Vehicles, obstacle appear, the roadlice that perhaps travels below chassis is too when the elevated car, annunciator can send sound and light alarm signal or voice suggestion immediately, and LCD display or light-emitting diode display can be used to show traffic information or playing advertisements etc.; The end face of railway carriage 11 can be made as transparent panel or translucent sheet, to reduce the sense of depression in the compartment, makes the overhead expanded letter electric car of the present invention have more safety, practicality and traveling comfort.
Claims (10)
1. an overhead expanded letter electric car and apparatus for getting on/down and fast escaping device, vehicle comprises vehicle body, wheel, power system, control loop and brake system, vehicle body comprises railway carriage and chassis, railway carriage is located on the chassis, the both sides of below, chassis are provided with a plurality of wheels, wheel is by support and body contact, it is characterized in that: described chassis and ground-surface distance are greater than the height of stock car, distance between vehicle body two side stands or the wheel makes stock car to pass through under chassis greater than the width of parallel roadlice more than two;
The top of described vehicle body is provided with the gangway of passenger getting on/off, is provided with ladder between gangway and the load carrying floor, and the gangway is provided with cover plate;
The apparatus for getting on/down of described vehicle comprises the overhead overline bridge that is erected at the travel top, the height at this overline bridge ground-surface height of distance and vehicle body top is suitable, overline bridge is provided with and the suitable import and export in gangway, vehicle body top, the overline bridge two ends are provided with and ground bonded assembly ladder or escalator, make that the passenger can be by overhead overline bridge from vehicle body top discrepancy railway carriage.
2. overhead expanded letter electric car according to claim 1 and apparatus for getting on/down and fast escaping device, it is characterized in that: the side of described railway carriage is provided with a plurality of car doors, and the cover plate of gangway, vehicle body top comprises tumbeler switch formula cover plate and horizontal movable type cover plate;
The apparatus for getting on/down of described vehicle also comprises the platform that is located at vehicle ' road both sides, and the height of the height on platform plane and described car door bottom surface is suitable;
Perhaps, the height at the height on described platform plane and described vehicle body top is suitable;
The platform plane is connected with ground by ladder or escalator.
3. overhead expanded letter electric car according to claim 1 and 2 and apparatus for getting on/down and fast escaping device, it is characterized in that: the both sides of described railway carriage are made of side panel, be provided with a plurality of portable plates in the side panel of railway carriage one or both sides, be made as flexible connection between portable plate and the vehicle body, thus make portable plate relatively vehicle body open and constitute quick emergency exits.
4. overhead expanded letter electric car according to claim 3 and apparatus for getting on/down and fast escaping device, it is characterized in that: the lower end of described portable plate is by hinge and body contact, be made as the flexible connection that to push open or to dismantle in the car between its upper end and the vehicle body, portable plate and vehicle body are provided with the oblique rope rope between the upper end, make portable plate open after ground formation inclined-plane relatively;
Perhaps; The both sides of described portable plate are provided with telescopic supporting rod, and portable plate is opened back support rod and stretched out and support ground, thereby make the relative ground of portable plate form the inclined-plane.
5. according to claim 3 or 4 described overhead expanded letter electric car and apparatus for getting on/down and fast escaping devices, it is characterized in that: be provided with many grab rails with the corresponding position of portable plate on the inboard of described portable plate and the railway carriage.
6. overhead expanded letter electric car according to claim 1 and apparatus for getting on/down and fast escaping device is characterized in that: described vehicle body comprises a plurality of interconnective railway carriages, connects by articulating device between the adjacent railway carriage;
Be respectively equipped with independently power system and control loop in the railway carriage of described vehicle body rear and front end.
7. according to claim 1 or 6 described overhead expanded letter electric car and apparatus for getting on/down and fast escaping devices, it is characterized in that: described power system comprises motor and power supply;
Described power supply comprises external source, storage battery or ultracapacitor; The vehicle body outside is provided with power interface or charging inlet.
8. according to claim 1 or 6 described overhead expanded letter electric car and apparatus for getting on/down and fast escaping devices, it is characterized in that: be provided with a/c system in the described railway carriage, the vehicle body outside is provided with cold air or heating installation input interface.
9. according to claim 1 or 6 described overhead expanded letter electric car and apparatus for getting on/down and fast escaping devices, it is characterized in that: be respectively equipped with radar detection apparatus below the front of described vehicle body, back and the chassis;
Vehicle body is provided with combined aural and visual alarm or telltale, and the front of vehicle body, back or side are provided with LCD display or light-emitting diode display.
10. overhead expanded letter electric car according to claim 1 and 2 and apparatus for getting on/down and fast escaping device is characterized in that: described overhead overline bridge or platform are provided with solar energy photovoltaic panel and electric power system and charging unit;
Also be provided with cold air or heating installation input media on described overhead overline bridge or the platform.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010100045127A CN102120459A (en) | 2010-01-08 | 2010-01-08 | High-frame wide-body electric vehicle and on-off device and quick escape system thereof |
| KR1020117011900A KR20120105348A (en) | 2010-01-08 | 2010-11-29 | Lightweight transport vehicle |
| BRPI1009739A BRPI1009739A2 (en) | 2010-01-08 | 2010-11-29 | light transport vehicle. |
| MX2011013586A MX2011013586A (en) | 2010-01-08 | 2010-11-29 | Light transport vehicle. |
| EP10841953A EP2522559A1 (en) | 2010-01-08 | 2010-11-29 | Light transport vehicle |
| PCT/CN2010/079230 WO2011082610A1 (en) | 2010-01-08 | 2010-11-29 | Light transport vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010100045127A CN102120459A (en) | 2010-01-08 | 2010-01-08 | High-frame wide-body electric vehicle and on-off device and quick escape system thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102120459A true CN102120459A (en) | 2011-07-13 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010100045127A Pending CN102120459A (en) | 2010-01-08 | 2010-01-08 | High-frame wide-body electric vehicle and on-off device and quick escape system thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102120459A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102602404A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2012-07-25 | 叶明旭 | Liftable road traffic carrying method and liftable road traffic carrying system |
| CN102730012A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-10-17 | 江苏中辆科技有限公司 | New energy power-driven rail bus group |
| CN103832442A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-04 | 张迪 | Railway vehicle and train |
| CN104554310A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2015-04-29 | 上海轨道交通设备发展有限公司 | Passenger room lateral escape door structure for rail transportation train |
| CN104786853A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-22 | 中联运(北京)立体快巴科技发展有限公司 | Three-dimensional electric express bus |
| CN104786852A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-22 | 中联运(北京)立体快巴科技发展有限公司 | Three-dimensional express bus |
| CN105752087A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-07-13 | 冯圣冰 | Railway train |
| WO2018085997A1 (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-17 | 白丹青 | System of vehicle for boarding and alighting at side position |
| CN110588386A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-12-20 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Coil trolley and wireless charging system for rail vehicle |
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| CN201736832U (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2011-02-09 | 中联运(北京)立体快巴科技发展有限公司 | Elevated wide electric vehicle with getting on/off device and escaping device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102602404A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2012-07-25 | 叶明旭 | Liftable road traffic carrying method and liftable road traffic carrying system |
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| CN104554310B (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2017-05-24 | 上海轨道交通设备发展有限公司 | Passenger room lateral escape door structure for rail transportation train |
| CN104786853A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-22 | 中联运(北京)立体快巴科技发展有限公司 | Three-dimensional electric express bus |
| CN104786852A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-22 | 中联运(北京)立体快巴科技发展有限公司 | Three-dimensional express bus |
| CN103832442A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-04 | 张迪 | Railway vehicle and train |
| CN105752087A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-07-13 | 冯圣冰 | Railway train |
| WO2018085997A1 (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-17 | 白丹青 | System of vehicle for boarding and alighting at side position |
| CN110588386A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-12-20 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Coil trolley and wireless charging system for rail vehicle |
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Application publication date: 20110713 |