CN102111999B - 控制QoI抗性真菌病原体的方法 - Google Patents

控制QoI抗性真菌病原体的方法 Download PDF

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CN102111999B
CN102111999B CN200980129643.3A CN200980129643A CN102111999B CN 102111999 B CN102111999 B CN 102111999B CN 200980129643 A CN200980129643 A CN 200980129643A CN 102111999 B CN102111999 B CN 102111999B
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inhibitor
plant
pathogene
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克里斯.卡森
卡拉.克利蒂科
威廉.J.欧文
克里斯琴.肖伯特
戴维.扬
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Corteva Agriscience LLC
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/18Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N37/22Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. anilides
    • A01N37/24Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. anilides containing at least one oxygen or sulfur atom being directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/24Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/561,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles

Abstract

发现了适用于在下述植物中控制病原体诱导的疾病的方法和组合物,所述植物具有受对Qo抑制剂有抗性的病原体病害的风险。上述方法和组合物包括将所述植物与包含有效量Qi抑制剂的组合物相接触。

Description

控制QoI抗性真菌病原体的方法
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求提交于2008年5月30日的美国临时申请号61/130431的利益,其清楚地通过提述并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及适用于控制对Qo抑制剂有抗性的真菌性植物病原体的方法和组合物。
背景技术
Qo抑制剂杀真菌剂常规性用于在作物中控制许多种真菌病原体。Qo抑制剂通常通过抑制呼吸作用而起作用,所述抑制是通过与线粒体中细胞色素bcl复合物的辅酶Q-H2氧化中心结合来进行的。所述氧化中心位于线粒体内膜的外侧。Qo抑制剂的使用的主要实例包括,例如,对小麦使用嗜球果伞素(strobilurin)以控制小麦叶斑病病原菌(Septoriatritici)(Bayer编码:SEPTTR,也称作禾生球腔菌(Mycosphaerellagraminicola),其为小麦叶斑病的原因。不幸的是,对上述Qo抑制剂的广泛使用导致对突变体病原体的选择,所述病原体在其细胞色素bcl复合物中包含单一氨基酸残基取代,其对Qo抑制剂具有抗性。参见,例如,Lucas,J.,“ResistancetoQoIfungicides:implicationsforcerealdiseasemanagementinEurope”,PesticideOutlook(2003),14(6),268-70(其清楚地以提述的方式并入本文)和Fraaije,B.A.等,“RoleofascosporesinfurtherspreadofQoI-resistantcytochromeballeles(G143A)infieldpopulationsofMycosphaerellagraminicola”,Phytopathology(2005),95(8),933-41(其清楚地以提述的方式并入本文)。因此,需要新的方法和组合物以在作物(其包括受对Qo抑制剂具有抗性的病原体影响的植物)中控制病原体诱导的疾病。
幸运的是,本发明在病原体对Qo抑制剂具有抗性时,提供了新的在植物中控制该病原体诱导的疾病方法和组合物。所述发明方法通常包括将下述植物与下述组合物相接触,所述植物具有受对Qo抑制剂有抗性的病原体病害的风险,而所述组合物包含有效量的Qi抑制剂。Qi抑制剂通常通过抑制呼吸作用起作用,所述抑制是通过与线粒体中细胞色素bcl复合物的辅酶Q-H2氧化中心结合来进行的,所述氧化中心位于线粒体内膜的内侧。合适的Qi抑制剂包括那些选自下组的:抗霉素A及其合成模拟物,如描述于WO9927783中的N-甲酰氨基水杨酰胺(FSA),如JournalofAntibiotics,Issue49(7),pages639-643,1996(其清楚地以提述的方式并入本文)中所描述的天然存在的吡啶酰胺UK2A,合成和半合成的吡啶酰胺,如描述于WO0114339和WO0105769中的那些,及其前药(prodrug)、外消旋混合物、氧化物、加成盐、金属或非金属/类金属(metalloid)复合物和衍生物。在另一个实施方案中,合适的在作物中控制病原体诱导的疾病的方法包括首先在所述作物中鉴定下述一种或多种植物,所述植物具有受对Qo抑制剂具有抗性的病原体病害的风险,然后将所述作物与包含有效量的Qi抑制剂的组合物相接触。合适的供在下述作物中控制病原体诱导的疾病的组合物包括下述组合物。所述作物包括一种或多种植物,其具有受对Qo抑制剂具有抗性的病原体与对Qo抑制剂敏感的病原体的混合种群病害的风险,所述组合物包含有效量的Qo抑制剂和有效量的Qi抑制剂。
具体实施方式
一般定义
本文中使用的“组合物”,包括组成所述组合物的物质的混合物,以及由所述组合物的物质或成分形成的反应产物和分解产物。
本文中使用的“Qo抑制剂”,包括任何能够通过与线粒体中细胞色素bcl复合物的辅酶Q-H2(ubihydroquinone)氧化中心结合而减少和/或抑制呼吸作用的物质。所述氧化中心通常位于线粒体内膜的外侧。
本文中使用的“病原体诱导的疾病”,包括任何损伤植物,并减少其繁殖力或对人的有用性的异常状态,其中所述状态由病原体导致。通常的症状可包括可见的异常,如枯萎、腐烂和其他类型的组织死亡、发育障碍、过度生长或异常的颜色。
本文中使用的“Qi抑制剂”,包括任何通过与线粒体中细胞色素bcl复合物的辅酶Q-H2氧化中心结合而减少和/或抑制呼吸作用的物质。所述氧化中心通常位于线粒体内膜的内侧。
方法
本发明涉及在一种或多种植物中控制病原体诱导的疾病的方法。本发明的方法常常对在下述植物中控制所述疾病是有效的,所述植物对于至少对Qo抑制剂有部分抗性真菌性病原菌是易感的。所述植物病原体如何发展出所述至少对Qo抑制剂的部分抗性并不特别重要,但所述抗性常常是由于描述于PestManagementScience,Issue58(7),649-662页,2002中的突变,其公开清楚地以提述的方式并入本文。举例而言,对于对于导致小麦叶斑病的小麦叶斑病病原菌(SEPTTR),G143A突变,其中细胞色素b氨基酸序列中143位的甘氨酸由丙氨酸替代,可致使所述SEPTTR对常规Qo抑制剂至少具有部分抗性。其他上述在特定植物病原体中的突变包括,例如,F129L突变,其中129位的苯丙氨酸由亮氨酸替代。
所述发明方法包括将下述植物与下述组合物相接触,所述植物具有受对Qo抑制剂具有抗性的病原体病害的风险,所述组合物包含有效量的Qi抑制剂。具有受对Qo抑制剂具有抗性的病原体病害的风险的植物可通过观察在使用Qo抑制剂时,控制所述病原体能力减少来鉴定。或者,对Qo抑制剂有抗性的病原体可通过就下述基因突变进行测试来鉴定,所述突变影响与线粒体中细胞色素bcl复合物的辅酶Q-H2氧化中心的结合,其中所述氧化中心位于线粒体内膜的外侧。上述测试可由从分离的病原体提取DNA,并就特定位置的突变(如G143A或F129L等)使用实时PCR技术和基因测序技术进行分析来组成。
虽不愿拘于任何理论,但相信Qi抑制剂可通过下述手段控制或协助控制对Qo具有抗性的真菌病原体,所述手段为通过与线粒体中细胞色素bcl复合物的辅酶Q-H2氧化中心结合来减少和/或抑制呼吸作用。然而,与Qo抑制剂不同,Qi抑制剂结合的细胞色素bcl复合物辅酶Q-H2氧化中心通常位于线粒体内膜的内侧。以此方式,得以控制或消除所述真菌病原体。
有用的Qi抑制剂可取决于植物、真菌病原体的类型和环境条件而变动。通常的Qi抑制剂选自下组:抗霉素A及其合成模拟物,如N-甲酰氨基水杨酰胺(FSA),天然存在的吡啶酰胺UK2A,合成和半合成的吡啶酰胺,及其前药、外消旋混合物、氧化物、加成盐、金属或非金属/类金属复合物和衍生物。已发现前述Qi抑制剂对控制病原体,如选自下组的病原体是有用的:担子菌(basidomycete)、子囊菌(ascomycete)和卵菌(oomycetes)。更具体而言,待控制的病原体可选自下组之一:互格链格孢(Alternariaalternata)、Blumeriagraminis、稻瘟病菌(Pyriculariaoryzae,亦称为Magnaporthegrisea)、小麦叶斑病病原菌(Septoriatritici),也称作禾生球腔菌(Mycosphaerellagraminicola)、Mycosphaerellafijiensis、Venturiainaequalis、圆核腔菌(Pyrenophorateres)、Pyrenophoratriticirepentis和葡萄霜霉菌(Plasmoparaviticola),但不仅限于此。发现所述发明方法对于在小麦中控制由小麦叶斑病病原菌导致的病原体诱导的疾病特别有效。
使用的Qi抑制剂的准确量常常取决于,例如,施用的特定活性成分,所需的具体作用,所述植物的类型、数量和发育阶段,待控制的真菌病原体,施用条件以及递送靶向的是叶(foliage)、种子或植物生长的土壤。因此,所有的Qi抑制剂杀真菌剂,以及包含它的配制物,在类似浓度下或针对相同的病原体可能并非同等有效。
通常,需要针对真菌保护、控制或消除真菌的植物,与约0.1到约2500,优选约1到750ppm的量的Qi抑制剂相接触。所述接触可为任何有效的方式。举例而言,所述植物的任何暴露部分,例如,叶或茎可用Qi抑制剂喷洒。类似地,所述Qi抑制剂可以以下述方式施用,使得所述植物的根、种子或一种或多种未暴露的部分摄取所述Qi抑制剂,从而使得其控制或消除所述真菌病原体。作为针对叶的杀真菌剂处理,准确的稀释比例和施用速率取决于使用的装置类型、所需的施用频率和待控制的疾病,但是,Qi抑制剂杀真菌剂的有效量通常为每公顷约0.05到约2.5,且优选约0.075到约0.5kg。
包含有效量的Qi抑制剂的组合物可与一种或多种其他活性或惰性成分混合。优选的其他化学成分可包括Qo抑制剂,如腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、百克敏(pyraclostrobin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)或啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、嘧菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、enestrobin、唑酮菌(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、pyribencarb,唑类,如氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)或腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)或者METII位点抑制剂,如啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、bixafen、isopyrazam、sedaxane、fluopyram或溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)或其组合。通过将Qi抑制剂与Qo抑制剂混合,所述组合物可控制包含突变为具有Qo抗性的真菌病原体以及未突变而对Qo抑制剂的控制敏感的真菌病原体的混合种群。其他活性成分,包括化合物如杀虫剂(insectide)和除草剂(weedcontrolagent)也可与有效量的Qi抑制剂(有或无Qo抑制剂)或来自另一种作用类型的杀真菌剂一同包括在内。
组合物
如上所述,本发明还涉及适用于在作物中控制病原体诱导的疾病的组合物,所述作物包括一种或多种植物,其具有受对Qo抑制剂有抗性的病原体病害的风险。所述组合物通常包含有效量的Qo抑制剂和有效量的Qi抑制剂。
实施例1-野生型和对嗜球果伞素有抗性的SEPTTR分离株对吡啶酰胺 以及其他Qi抑制剂的敏感性
天然存在的吡啶酰胺UK2A,其杀真菌剂前体衍生物(profungicidederivative)化合物1,和其他三种Qi抑制剂-抗霉素A、化合物2(N-甲酰氨基水杨酰胺(FSA)同系物成员)和化合物3(UK2A的合成吡啶酰胺模拟物同系物成员)就其针对SEPTTR野生分离株(fieldisolate)LARS15和R2004-6体外杀真菌毒性(fungitoxicity)在微滴定板测定法中进行测试(表1)。包括Qo抑制剂腈嘧菌酯、亚胺菌和唑酮菌作为标准。LARS15对嗜球果伞素敏感,而R2004-6在细胞色素b中包含所述G143A突变,而被赋予了对嗜球果伞素的抗性。
化合物1
化合物2
化合物3
Qo抑制剂针对LARS15菌株具有高度活性,但针对QoI抗性菌株R2004-6显示几乎无或无活性。相反,UK-2A、化合物1和其他Qi抑制剂针对两种菌株均具有高度活性,且在大多数情况下,对具有嗜球果伞素抗性的R2004-6菌株显示略高的活性。
表1SEPTTR分离株对吡啶酰胺的敏感性
UK-2A前药化合物1用于说明QiI杀真菌剂可有效的控制广阔范围的自小麦田间(field)样品获得的QoI抗性SEPTTR分离株。
一组31个SEPTTR分离株(isolates)用于体外杀真菌毒性实验。大部分使用的分离株在UK自2001年至2005年从小麦分离。表2列出了对于17个QoI敏感分离株(‘WT’)和14个QoI抗性分离株(‘G143A’)的平均EC50值+/-SD与腈嘧菌酯和氧唑菌的比较。列于表2的结果显示,平均而言,Qo抑制剂腈嘧菌酯对QoI敏感分离株的控制强于对QoI抗性分离株的控制160倍。此外,唑类氧唑菌针对QoI抗性分离株的活性少1.7倍。另一方面,Qi抑制剂化合物1针对QoI抗性分离株活性多1.7倍。
表2:腈嘧菌酯、氧唑菌和化合物1的体外SEPTTR杀真菌毒性(以mcgml-1+/-SD表示的平均EC50值)
实施例2-化合物1针对野生型和嗜球果伞素抗性SEPTTR的植物内效
植物内测试在16日龄的小麦栽培种Riband(其对SEPTTR高度易感)的第二个附着的叶子(secondattachedleafe)上进行。用化合物1的稀释系列(作为SC配制剂)或含腈嘧菌酯的杀真菌剂Amistar对小麦叶进行喷洒。翌日,将经处理的叶用QoI敏感分离株(S27或Lars15-03)或QoI抗性分离株(G3-03或TwistB-02)接种。在接种后21日的肉眼检查显示Amistar分别在0.9ppm和2.8ppm对S27和Lar15-03加以控制。在25ppm未对G3-03和TwistB-02有明显控制。
对QoI敏感分离株S27和Lars15-03的控制的临界值(breakingrate)分别是0.3ppm和2.8ppm。QoI抗性分离株G3-03和TwistB-02在0.9ppm和0.3ppm得到控制。
表3总结了对于5个QoI敏感和6个QoI抗性菌株的结果。Amistar(腈嘧菌酯)对QoI敏感分离株的控制是明显的,具有0.1ppm到8.3ppm的临界值。Amistar对任何经测试QoI抗性分离株并无控制作用。甚至在使用的最高值(25ppm),所有的叶均被SEPTTR感染。另一方面,化合物1的SC配制剂以高效力对QoI敏感和QoI抗性分离株均加以控制,其临界值的范围为0.3ppm到0.9ppm。
表3:Amistar和包含化合物1的SC配制物对QoI敏感和QoI抗性SEPTTR分离株的植物内控制。对SEPTTR感染控制的临界值基于肉眼检查。
虽然本发明仅就有限数量的实施方案加以描述,一个实施方案中的具体特征不应归因于本发明的其他实施方案。任何单一的实施方案均不代表本发明所有方面。在一些实施方案中,组合物或方法可包括未在本文中提及的许多化合物或步骤。在其他实施方案中,组合物或方法并不包括,或基本上不含任何未在本文中列举的化合物或步骤。存在对所描述的实施方案的变化和修饰。最后任何在本文中公开的数值均应视为指近似值,无论表述“约”或“大约”是否用于描述该数值。所附的实施方案和权利要求意欲涵盖落于本发明范围内的所有那些修饰和变化。

Claims (9)

1.一种在作物中控制病原体诱导的疾病的方法,包括鉴定一种或多种具有受对Qo抑制剂有抗性的病原体的病害的风险之植物,并将所述一种或多种植物与包含有效量的Qi抑制剂的组合物相接触,其中诱导疾病的病原体是小麦叶斑病病原菌(Septoriatritici),也称作禾生球腔菌(Mycosphaerellagraminicola),其中所述Qi抑制剂选自下组:抗霉素A,抗霉素A的合成模拟物,天然存在的吡啶酰胺UK2A,合成的吡啶酰胺,半合成的吡啶酰胺,及其前药、外消旋混合物、氧化物、加成盐、金属复合物、和非金属/类金属(metalloid)复合物。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述Qi抑制剂选自下组:
抗霉素A,
天然存在的吡啶酰胺UK2A,
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述小麦叶斑病病原菌是经突变的小麦叶斑病病原菌。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述植物是小麦。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中所述植物与0.1ppm到2500ppmQi抑制剂相接触。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所述植物包括叶,且通过喷洒所述叶将所述植物与所述Qi抑制剂相接触。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中所述组合物还包含选自下组的杀真菌剂:腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、百克敏(pyraclostrobin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、联苯吡菌胺(bixafen)、吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)、氟唑环菌胺(sedaxane)、氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)或其组合。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中所述组合物还包含杀虫剂。
9.权利要求1的方法,其中所述组合物还包含除草剂。
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