CN102078395B - 一种用于治疗类风湿性关节炎的提取物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及民族药物单叶铁线莲的提取物及其作为治疗类风湿性关节炎药物的用途。该提取物一种以民族药物单叶铁线莲为原料,以一定工艺条件生产的单叶铁线莲提取物,含有多种三萜皂苷成分,经动物一般性炎症和免疫性炎症模型药理实验,发现具有显著的治疗作用,证明用于治疗类风湿性关节炎有重要的价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及民族药物单叶铁线莲的提取物及其作为治疗类风湿性关节炎药物的用途。
背景技术
类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一个累及周围关节为主的多系统性炎症性的自身免疫性疾病。属中医痹证范畴,与“历节病”、“白虎历节”、“顽痹”等相似。主要病理变化为关节滑膜炎症细胞浸润、血管翳形成、软骨及骨组织受到侵蚀,造成关节破坏。如果不经正规治疗,病情会逐渐发展,最终导致关节畸形、功能丧失,具有很高的致残率。本病呈全球分布,我国的患病率为0.32-0.36%,欧美国家白种人约1%,各个年龄中皆可发病,高峰年龄在30-50岁,是造成我国人群丧失劳动力和残疾的主要病因之一[1,2,3]。类风湿关节炎发病机制复杂,许多学者进行了深入的研究,是当前的研究热点之一[4,5,6],遗传、感染、环境等因素相互交织在一起,共同作用于免疫系统,最终导致免疫系统紊乱。目前对类风湿性关节炎的药物治疗主要是通过抗炎和抑制免疫来达到治疗目的,主要治疗药物有非甾体抗炎药(NSAID),改善病情的抗风湿药(DMARD),糖皮质激素,植物药制剂[7]。植物药在国内类风湿关节炎治疗的应用比较广泛,无论内服或外治均受到很好的疗效,特别在缓解患者疼痛、提高其生存治疗方面有独特的作用。因此,用疗效佳、副反应低的中药单体成分以及中成药治疗该病有重要意义。现用于临床的青藤碱、白芍总苷、雷公藤多苷都是从中药中提取的;昆明山海棠片及雷公藤片等中成药治疗RA具有肯定的疗效。寻找其他疗效好、毒副作用小、成本低的中药有效部位群已经成为抗类风湿性关节炎药物研究的新热点。
单叶铁线莲(Clematis henryi Oliv.)为毛茛科铁线莲属植物,以干燥块根入药,民间长期应用于治疗跌打肿痛、各类炎症,有清热解毒、活血消肿、行气止痛的功效[8]。目前对单叶铁线莲的研究尚存在不足,未见单叶铁线莲提取物的提取、制备方法的报道;未见关于单叶铁线莲有效成分与药理作用关系的报道。在民间,单叶铁线莲通常直接以生药水煎,用量大,有效成分丧失严重,效果不够好。地方标准里未有载入提取方法,更没有检测指标定量控制药物质量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于治疗类风湿性关节炎的提取物。
本发明的技术方案是:以单叶铁线莲为原药,用质量分数为30%-95%的乙醇为提取溶剂所获得的提取物。
本发明根据单叶铁线莲所含化学成分的特性,开发从单叶铁线莲生药到一定纯度单叶铁线莲总皂苷的适用于工业化大生产的制备方法及其新用途。其提取方法可以是加热回流提取、超声提取、微波提取、冷浸提取等。
其纯化方法可以是大孔树脂纯化法、水饱和的正丁醇萃取法等。
本发明中,单叶铁线莲提取物的微波提取方法如下:
用质量分数为30%-95%的乙醇为提取溶剂,以1∶6-1∶30的料液比,在200W-2000W的微波功率条件下,提取1-6次,每次2-15min,趁热过滤,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,残液转移至容量瓶中,加一定量的蒸馏水得适宜浓度的初始提取液。
本发明中,单叶铁线莲提取物的大孔树脂纯化方法如下:
适宜型号已活化好的大孔吸附树脂柱装柱,用蒸馏水调节初始提取液浓度在0.05-1g生药·mL-1,有机酸调节上样液pH在3-8范围,以0.5BV/h-5BV/h的流速上样;用0-10BV的蒸馏水洗脱杂质;以质量分数为30%-95%的乙醇洗脱总皂苷,洗脱流速为0.2BV/h-5BV/h,用量为1-10BV;收集洗脱液,减压回收,干燥称重,即得单叶铁线莲总皂苷,为棕黑色胶状物,有特殊香味,难溶于水,经检测总皂苷含量在70%以上。
经动物实验,发现上述单叶铁线莲提取物对实验性类风湿性关节炎具有显著治疗作用,试验方法与结果如下:
实验用洁净级大鼠,随机选择适宜只数作为正常对照组,其余II型胶原蛋白造模成功后,分为模型对照组、阳性对照组、单叶铁线莲总皂苷高剂量组、低剂量组。其中阳性对照组用药可为甲氨喋呤、雷公藤多苷等临床治疗类风湿关节炎的药物。灌胃给药适宜剂量,观测动物体重等一般情况,测定足趾容积、足趾厚度,关节炎指数评分,测定血清免疫球蛋白G、炎性细胞因子水平,检查关节组织病理切片。统计学处理数据。结果显示:药物可以剂量依赖性的降低关节炎指数,剂量增加作用增强;减小足趾容积;降低足趾厚度;降低血清IgG含量;降低血清IL-1β含量。大鼠踝关节组织切片HE染色后光镜下观察结果显示,此单叶铁线莲提取物减轻滑膜增生和炎细胞浸润表现出了较好的作用趋势。
本发明中,药物制剂的制备:将上述提取物加入适当的辅料,可以制备成片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口含片、咀嚼片、分散片等固体剂型,凝胶剂等半固体剂型,也可以制备成口服液、合剂等液体剂型。
用本发明提供的方法所得的提取物,可进一步用于研制安全、有效、可控的中药抗炎、抗风湿新药。精制的提取物可用于制备各种剂型的药物,具有检测方便、服用剂量小、服用方便、疗效高的优点,具有广阔的市场前景。
附图说明
图1根据实施例1所得的单叶铁线莲提取物产品配成一定浓度测定总皂苷含量,显色后的紫外扫描图。
图2实施例3中,正常组、甲氨喋呤模型组、单叶铁线莲提取物治疗CIA大鼠5周后、踝关节病理切片照片。
其中,A为正常组,HE×100;B为正常组,HE×250;C为模型组HE×100;D为模型组HE×250;E为甲氨喋呤HE×100;F为甲氨喋呤HE×250;G为单叶铁线莲提取物,高剂量HE×100;H为单叶铁线莲提取物,高剂量HE×250;I为单叶铁线莲提取物,低剂量HE×100;J为单叶铁线莲提取物,低剂量HE×250。
具体实施方式
实施例1
干燥的单叶铁线莲根茎粉碎,过8目筛,称取粉末20g,以质量分数80%的乙醇为提取溶剂,提取2次,第一次用量200mL,第二次用量160mL,微波功率300W,提取时间为4min。提取后趁热过滤,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,残液转移至100mL容量瓶中,加蒸馏水至刻度,即得浓度为0.2g生药·mL-1的初始提取液。
准确称取经预处理的D-101大孔树脂10g(V=28ml),湿法装柱。取上述初始提取液50ml,加入0.5%的稀盐酸调节pH值为5,以1BV/h的流速上样,4BV蒸馏水2BV/h的流速洗脱杂质,4BV 70%乙醇以2BV/h的流速洗脱总皂苷,收集洗脱液,减压回收溶剂,真空干燥得棕黑色胶状物,称重为0.6g,得率为6%。产物难溶于水,经检测总皂苷含量为76%。
实施例2
干燥的单叶铁线莲根茎粉碎,过8目筛,称取粉末10kg,以质量分数80%的乙醇为提取溶剂,提取3次,第一次用量为10倍量,第二次用量为8倍量,第三次用量为8倍量,微波功率800W,提取时间为10min。提取后趁热过滤,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,残液加蒸馏水至35L,即得初始提取液。
AB-8大孔树脂预处理后装柱。取上述初始提取液,加入0.5%的稀盐酸调节pH值为5,以2BV/h的流速上样,4BV蒸馏水1BV/h的流速洗脱杂质,4BV 70%乙醇以2BV/h的流速洗脱总皂苷,收集洗脱液,减压回收溶剂,真空干燥得棕黑色胶状物,称重为450g。产物难溶于水,经检测总皂苷含量为70%。
实施例3
1材料
1.1动物
SPF级SD大鼠,雌性,体质量180-200g。购自湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司,生产许可证号SCXK(湘江)2009-0009号。实验室控制温度23~25℃,湿度60~70%,定时排气、换气。实验动物使用许可证号:SYXK(湘)2009-0002号。
1.2药物及试剂
实验用地雷总皂苷由本实验室制备。地雷药材购于湖南湘西燎原药业中心,根据实施例2所述方法,以80%乙醇为提取溶剂,微波辅助提取,制成含生药0.2g·mL-1药材提取液。过AB-8大孔吸附树脂,洗脱总皂苷,收集洗脱液,减压回收至无醇味。经比色法检测,所得溶液中总皂苷含量为0.167g·ml-1。甲氨喋呤片,上海医药(集团)有限公司华谊制药厂生产,1mg/片。批号:090622。
免疫级牛II型胶原为美国Chondrex公司产品(Catalog No.20022),2mg·ml-1,溶于0.05M乙酸溶液。弗氏不完全佐剂(Freund′s incompleteadjuvant)为美国Sigma公司产品(10mL/支)。大鼠IgG、IL1-β、TNF-α酶链免疫检测试剂盒,美国R&D公司(Research & Diagnostics System)产品。
1.3仪器
SPECORD-50型紫外-可见分光光度计(德国耶拿分析仪器股份公司),恒温水浴锅(上海医疗器械五厂),METTLER分析天平,RE52-98旋转蒸发仪(上海亚荣生化仪器厂),NJL07-3型微波提取器(南京杰全微波设备有限公司),YB-Z真空恒温干燥箱(天津药典标准仪器厂),RT-6000型酶标分析仪及自动洗板仪(深圳雷杜生命科学技术有限公司生产)。
2方法
2.1模型构造
取2mg·ml-1、溶于0.05M乙酸的II型胶原与弗氏完全佐剂,按1∶1混合。用注射器反复抽吸,直至混和物充分乳化(以乳化物滴入水中不松散为度),即得II型胶原蛋白乳化剂。
造模大鼠剪掉尾根部皮毛,2%戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射轻度麻醉后,尾根部常规消毒。取乳化的II型胶原,每鼠尾根部皮内注射3-4个点,0.3ml/只。可见到形成圆形皮丘。对造模大鼠进行每天一次轻轻按摩四肢。第14天按同法再次尾根部皮内注射II型胶原蛋白乳化剂一次。
每周测足趾肿胀容积,并观察记录四肢关节的红肿范围和程度。根据以下标准对关节的肿胀范围与程度做出关节炎指数(AI)评分。0分:无红肿;1分:小趾关节红斑或轻度肿胀;2分:趾关节和趾跖关节中度肿胀;3分:踝关节以下的足爪肿胀;4分:包括踝关节在内的全部足爪肿胀。四肢分别评分,累计每只大鼠四肢关节的AI最高得分为16分。AI>4即为造模成功。
2.2动物分组与给药
SD大鼠48只,适应性养殖3天后,随机分为5组:正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组(甲氨喋呤)、地雷总皂苷高剂量组、地雷总皂苷低剂量组。除正常对照组外,其余各组均造模。造模成功后分别灌胃给药,用前用生理盐水稀释,给药体积均为10ml·kg-1,连续5周。每周称体重,根据体重变化调整灌胃体积。正常对照与模型对照组分别给等体积的生理盐水,地雷总皂苷高、低剂量分别为150、50mg·kg-1,每天一次,甲氨蝶呤组为1mg·kg-1,每周一次。
2.3观察指标与检测方法
2.3.1动物一般情况及体重测量观察记录给药前后大鼠的行为活动与一般状况。每周称体重一次。
2.3.2关节炎指数评定给药前测一次,给药后每周测一次,依据上述关节炎指数评分标准,对各鼠的关节炎病变程度进行评定。
2.3.3足趾容积的测定给药前测一次,给药后每周测一次,依据排水法原理用自制足趾容积测定装置测量大鼠右后足趾容积,并按照下例公式计算给药后足趾容积变化率:
给药后足趾容积变化率(%)=(给药前容积-给药后容积)/给药前容积×100%
2.3.4足趾厚度的测定给药前测一次,给药后每周测一次,用游标卡尺测定大鼠右后足足趾厚度,并按照下例公式计算给药后足趾厚度变化率:给药后足趾厚度变化率(%)=(给药前厚度-给药后厚度)/给药前厚度×100%
2.3.5清免疫球蛋白G及炎性细胞因子水平测定实验结束时,从腹主动脉采血。所采集的血液经3000prn/min、离心15min后,取上清液低温保存。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫(ELISA)法,按照试剂盒操作要求与步骤测定血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白介素-1(IL1-β)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量。检测波长均为450nm。
2.3.6关节组织病理学检查实验结束时,从足踝上0.5cm处剪取大鼠后足关节,用10%的甲醛溶液固定。经脱钙、脱水后石蜡包埋。切片、HE染色。在光学显微镜下观察滑膜、软骨细胞病变程度。比较各组的病变程度。
2.4统计学处理
数据用X±SD表示,组间比较用ANOVA、LSD法检验组间差异显著性,由SPSS13.0统计软件分析。
3结果
3.1一般情况及体重变化
给大鼠免疫注射II型胶原造模后,可见关节红肿逐渐出现,先是后肢,继而前肢多个关节的红、肿。表现有一定程度的行动不便。与正常动物比较活动减少,毛色较差。对造模动物进行体重监测的结果显示,高、低剂量治疗组及阳性对照甲氨喋呤组与模型组比较,大鼠体重无显著性差异。见表1。
表1.各组对胶原诱导型关节炎大鼠体重的影响(X±SD)
3.2关节炎指数观察结果
造模第21日多发性关节炎的出现表明大鼠CIA模型建立成功,之后开始分组给药。与模型组比较,甲氨喋呤组3周后可明显降低关节炎指数(P<0.01),且随着给药次数的增加作用增强;高剂量组在给药3周后关节炎指数降低(P<0.01);低剂量组在给药4周后关节炎指数降低(P<0.01),随着给药时间的延长,其作用有加强的趋势。降低关节炎指数的作用与剂量具有相关性,剂量增加作用增强。见表2。
表2.各组对胶原诱导型关节炎大鼠足趾肿胀指数(AI)的影响(X±SD)
注:与模型组比较,*:P<0.05,**:P<0.01(表3~5同)。
3.3足趾容积测定结果
采用药物治疗的各组,足趾容积均有不同程度下降趋势。与模型组比较,甲氨喋呤在给药2周后足趾容积的降低有显著性差异(P<0.05);高剂量组在给药2周后对足趾的肿胀明显减轻(P<0.05),随着给药次数的增加,表现为持续、稳定减轻足趾肿胀程度的作用,给药4周后作用进一步增强,差异更加明显(P<0.01);低剂量组在给药4周后可见对足趾的肿胀减轻(P<0.05)。见表3。
表3.各组对胶原诱导型关节炎大鼠足趾肿胀容积的影响(X±SD)
注:与正常组比较,#:P<0.05,##:P<0.01(表4、5同)。
3.4足趾厚度测定结果
造模后的大鼠足趾厚度较未造模的正常动物增加。分组给药后,足趾厚度有不同程度的下降趋势。见表4。
表4.各组对胶原诱导型关节炎大鼠足趾厚度的影响(X±SD)
3.5血清IgG、血清细胞因子测定结果
正常大鼠血清中IgG含量很低,模型组动物血清中IgG含量与正常对照组比较明显升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,甲氨喋呤降低造模动物血清IgG水平的作用显著(P<0.01),地雷总皂苷也有降低血清IgG水平的作用,其作用随剂量加大而增强。
与正常对照组比较,CIA造模的大鼠血清中细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α含量明显升高(P<0.01),与模型组比较,高、低剂量组的血清IL-1β含量较模型组均显著下降(P<0.05),高剂量组的TNF-α含量下降(P<0.05)。见表5。
表5.给药对胶原诱导型关节炎大鼠血清IgG与细胞因子的影响(n=8,X±SD)
3.6关节组织病理学检查结果
取大鼠踝关节组织切片,HE染色后光镜下观察,正常大鼠滑膜由1~2层滑膜细胞组成且部分不连续,滑膜衬里下层为均匀分布的脂肪细胞和血管,未见炎症细胞浸润、无纤维组织增生;关节软骨表面光滑。CIA造模的全部大鼠均可见不同程度的滑膜病变形成,其中以模型组病变程度最为明显,表现为滑膜上皮层增厚,滑膜内结缔组织血管充血,毛细血管明显增多,可见较多的慢性炎细胞浸润,个别关节软骨表面可见边缘不整。与模型组比较,各药物治疗组的上述病变均较模型组不同程度减轻。甲氨喋呤对减轻病变有明显的作用,地雷总皂苷对减轻滑膜增生和炎细胞浸润表现出了较好的作用趋势。见图2。
最后应该说明的是:上述实施例仅仅是为清楚的说明本发明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其他不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之中。
参考文献
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Claims (1)
1.一种提取物在制备治疗类风湿性关节炎药物中的应用,所述提取物以单叶铁线莲为原药,用质量分数为30%-95%的乙醇为提取溶剂所获得的;所说的用质量分数为30%-95%的乙醇为溶剂提取是指:用质量分数为30%-95%的乙醇为提取溶剂,以1∶6-1∶30的料液比,在200W-2000W的微波功率条件下,提取1-6次,每次2-15min,趁热过滤,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,残液转移至容量瓶中,加一定量的蒸馏水适宜浓度的初始提取液;将初始提取液用大孔树脂纯化方法如下:适宜型号已活化好的大孔吸附树脂柱装柱,用蒸馏水调节初始提取液浓度在0.05-1g生药·mL-1,有机酸调节上样液pH在3-8范围,以0.5BV/h-5BV/h的流速上样;用0-10BV的蒸馏水洗脱杂质;以质量分数为30%-95%的乙醇洗脱总皂苷,洗脱流速为0.2BV/h-5BV/h,用量为1-10BV;收集洗脱液,减压回收,干燥称重,即得单叶铁线莲总皂苷,为棕黑色胶状物,有特殊香味,难溶于水,经检测总皂苷含量在70%以上。
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