CN102076493A - 用于输送流体或气体的柔性软管 - Google Patents

用于输送流体或气体的柔性软管 Download PDF

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CN102076493A
CN102076493A CN200980124635XA CN200980124635A CN102076493A CN 102076493 A CN102076493 A CN 102076493A CN 200980124635X A CN200980124635X A CN 200980124635XA CN 200980124635 A CN200980124635 A CN 200980124635A CN 102076493 A CN102076493 A CN 102076493A
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CN102076493B (zh
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A·安马
A·格劳杜斯
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EIDP Inc
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    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
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Abstract

本发明公开了用于输送流体或气体的柔性软管，所述柔性软管包括围绕加强层的任一侧的两个弹性体层。

Description

用于输送流体或气体的柔性软管
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及用于输送流体或气体的改善的柔性软管。
相关领域描述
英国专利说明书1394723公开了具有多层构造的改善的吸油和排油软管。
EP 0969236A2公开了具有柔韧度的防扭结高压软管。
DE 102004051073A1描述了软管，该软管包含存在于弹性体层之间的由200-1400mm长度的长丝制成的间位芳族聚酰胺纱或合股的纱的纺织加强层。
US 7086420描述了包含由聚苯硫醚纱制成的纺织加强层的软管。
美国专利申请公布2005/0008807A1公开了具有多层构造的空调软管。
尽管现有技术熟知形成具有多层构造的软管，但仍需要可在用于软管编织的常规设备上构建的改善的柔性软管。
发明概述
本发明涉及适于输送加压流体或气体的柔性软管，所述软管在沿着中心纵向轴线的轴向上和周向围绕所述纵向轴线的径向上延伸，所述软管依次包括芯管(2)和围绕外芯管的加强层(3)，所述芯管(2)具有周向内芯管表面和相对的周向外芯管表面，所述芯管(2)包括第一弹性体层，所述加强层(3)具有周向内芯加强表面和相对的周向外芯加强表面，所述加强层(3)为针织构造、螺旋缠绕构造或编结构造，所述加强层(3)由至少一根纱线(5)形成，所述纱线(5)具有1000-4000分特的线密度，所述纱线(5)由2至5股股纱(6)构成，所述股纱(6)合股捻成1至5的捻系数，所述股纱(6)由1至5根短纤纱(7)构成，所述短纤纱(7)合股捻成1至5的捻系数，所述短纤纱(7)包括100至1000分特的线密度，所述短纤纱(7)包括具有80至150mm长度的长丝，所述短纤纱(7)包括每米至少200捻回数的捻度，并且所述短纤纱(7)包括选自以下的长丝：聚间亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺、聚亚甲基-1，3-苯并二
Figure BPA00001280624800021
唑、聚
Figure BPA00001280624800022
二唑、聚磺酰胺、聚芳硫醚、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯并噻唑、聚苯并
Figure BPA00001280624800023
唑、聚
Figure BPA00001280624800024
二唑、聚磺酰胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯并噻唑、聚苯并
Figure BPA00001280624800025
唑或它们的混合物，第二弹性体层(4)在所述周向外芯加强表面上围绕所述加强层(3)。
附图简述
图1为示出多层构造的本发明软管的示意图。
图2为软管中采用的纱线的横截面。
发明详述
加强软管必需的多个层的描述最初源于最靠近要输送的流体或气体的内表面。剩余层的描述由内表面依次延伸。
对于芯管(2)的第一需求为具有常规上接触流体或气体的周向内表面和相对的周向外管表面。适于芯管(2)的材料为弹性体并为本领域所熟知。合适的实例包括氢化丁腈橡胶、硅橡胶、氟硅橡胶、甲基苯基硅橡胶、天然橡胶、EPDM、CPE和丙烯酸橡胶。EPDM是指乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃单体橡胶。CPE是指氯化聚乙烯。
应当理解，所选择的弹性体材料将取决于软管的最终用途。例如，如果要通过软管输送腐蚀性物质，则选择弹性体材料以抵抗此类腐蚀。
加强层(3)围绕外芯管表面并且为针织构造、螺旋缠绕构造或编结构造。加强层(3)由至少一根具有1,000至4,000分特范围内的线密度的纱线(5)形成。一根或多根纱线(5)由2至5股股纱(6)构成，所述股纱(6)合股捻成1至5的捻系数。继而股纱(6)由1至5根短纤纱(7)构成，所述短纤纱(7)合股捻成1至5的捻系数。
本发明中存在的关键为短纤纱(7)。需要短纤纱(7)具有100分特至1000分特范围内的线密度。更优选的范围为200分特至600分特。此外，短纤纱(7)由具有80mm至150mm范围内的长度的长丝形成。一般来讲，更优选的范围将为90mm至120mm。短纤纱具有每米大于200捻回数的捻度。优选范围的实例为每米450至750捻回数。
对关键问题的另一个需求为短纤纱由以下物质形成：聚间亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺、聚亚甲基-1，3-苯并二
Figure BPA00001280624800031
唑、聚
Figure BPA00001280624800032
二唑、聚磺酰胺、聚芳硫醚、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯并噻唑、聚苯并
Figure BPA00001280624800033
唑、聚
Figure BPA00001280624800034
二唑、聚磺酰胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯并噻唑、聚苯并
Figure BPA00001280624800035
唑或它们的混合物。优选聚间亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺或聚芳硫醚。
任选地，包括蜡的整理剂可作为外部涂层施用在短纤纱(7)、股纱(6)或纱线(5)上。合适的实例包括聚氧化乙烯基整理剂和烃基蜡。
任选地，粘合剂涂层可作为外部涂层施用在短纤纱(7)、股纱(6)或纱线(5)上。合适的实例为本领域的技术人员通常已知的环氧化物、异氰酸酯或RFL基涂层以用于改善加强层(3)、芯管(2)和弹性体层(4)之间的粘附性。RFL代表间苯二酚甲醛胶乳。
弹性体层(4)在加强层(3)的外表面上围绕加强层。弹性体的类型与芯(2)相比可相同或不同。
应当理解，可采用各种构造。例如，可利用两个以上的加强层(3)。此外，芯管(2)可在其内表面上衬有将接触要输送的流体或气体的碳氟化合物基材料(1)。此类材料合适的实例包括聚(四氟乙烯)和全氟烷氧基聚合物。
需要改善的柔性软管能够在超过200℃的温度下操作，拥有增加的体积膨胀能力，并显示出动载荷施加下增加的疲劳寿命性能。加强层的性能-以及因此加强纱线的性能-与这三种软管性能标准直接相关。
软管加强层中具体纱线的连续使用温度决定了高温下加强的有效性。
加强纱线的伸长率决定了软管的体积膨胀能力。体积膨胀越多，则软管越有效地吸收突然压力峰。这将导致在软管为其组件的体系内输送的流体或气体的流动压力峰的减少。
加强纱线的模量与形成软管的芯管和弹性体层的橡胶的不相容性导致动载荷施加下的软管失效。这种失效模式对于高模量加强纱线而言是尤其突出的。
如本发明中所述的加强纱线实现了上述所有三种软管性能标准。
表4总结了加强软管制造领域的技术人员已知的高性能纱线的特性。
在以下实施例中，除非另外指明，所有份数和百分比均按重量计且度数按摄氏度计。
测试方法
纱线的拉伸特性根据ASTM D 885测定。测量在购自Instron，Norwood，MA的Instron 5860系列测试设备上进行。对于200旦尼尔至1600旦尼尔范围的纱线样本采用4C夹具，而对于1600旦尼尔至3000旦尼尔的纱线样本则采用4D夹具。标距为10英寸(25.4cm)，并且夹头速度设定为12英寸/分钟(30.5cm/min)。将连续长丝纱线捻成1.4的捻系数。含有不连续长丝的纱线按原样测试。
旦尼尔(d)根据ASTM D 1577测量并且为表示为9000米纤维重量(单位为克)的纤维的线密度。旦尼尔在得自Textechno，Munich，Germany的Vibroscope上测量。旦尼尔乘以(10/9)等于分特克斯(分特)。
纱支测定体系：(1)英制棉纱支数描述每一磅纱线的840码的个数：Ne＝码数/(840*磅数)。可通过用5315除以Ne而将英制棉纱支数转化为旦尼尔。(2)公制纱线支数描述了1克纱线的长度(单位为米)：Nm(y米)/(x克)。可通过乘以(x克)/(y米)*9000而将其转化为旦尼尔。
捻系数(TM )描述为每米的捻回数(TPM)与纱线分特平方根的比率。其可用下式计算：TM＝(TPM)*(sqrt(dtex))/3000。
实施例1
以下实施例示出了用于本发明的适于下述纱线的制备方法的纱线的制备差异，所述纱线由具有比较实施例A中所述的20-60mm单丝长度范围和比较实施例B中所述的200-1400mm单丝长度范围的不连续长丝制成。在Schlumberg转换器中，将100ktex、2.0dpf的
Figure BPA00001280624800041
430间位芳族聚酰胺丝束转换为具有100mm平均单丝长度的20ktex、2.0dpf的
Figure BPA00001280624800042
顶丝。随后利用精纺纺丝技术将顶丝转换为Nm 40/3(675d)的短纤纱(在S和Z方向＞500TPM)。作为另外一种选择，该纱线可以类似于US 2,721,440中所述的一种的连续方法制备。将该纱线的三个头合股捻成1.7的捻系数。合股的纱涂覆有1.0重量％(按未整理纤维的重量计)的蜡质整理剂和热定形剂。
实施例2
以下实施例示出了单丝长度对纱线韧度的影响。用高韧度纱线加强的软管将表现出高爆裂压力。表1列出了由比较实施例A中所述的50mm均匀单丝长度的
Figure BPA00001280624800051
短纱制成的纱线的韧度。相对于连续的多丝纱线(
Figure BPA00001280624800052
430，1200d，2dpf)，其韧度减少60％。如实施例1中所述的由具有100mm的平均单丝长度的不连续长丝制成的纱线相对于连续长丝纱线仅仅损耗20％。作为参考，WO 2006/058676列出了由比较实施例B中所述制备的400-600mm长的不连续长丝制成的
Figure BPA00001280624800053
KB间位芳族聚酰胺纱线。3478分特和2270分特KB纱线的韧度分别列举为39cN/tex和42cN/tex。
Figure BPA00001280624800055
表1-
Figure BPA00001280624800056
间位芳族聚酰胺纱线的韧度
实施例3
以下实施例示出了单丝长度对纱线环结强度的影响。环结强度用与实施例2相同的步骤测量，不同的是将相同纱线的两个纱线样本交叉，并将Instron试验机的每个夹具固定到一个纱线样本的两端。照此通过套环将纱线样本彼此连接。该测试指示针织软管加强构造中纱线的性能。具有高环结强度的纱线针织加强层的软管将示出高爆裂压力。如可从表2中所看出的，由比较实施例A中所述的50mm均匀长度的
Figure BPA00001280624800057
短纱制成的纱线的环结强度较低。由具有100mm平均长度的不连续长丝制成的纱线具有优于由50mm短纱制成的纱线的优异性能。
表2-
Figure BPA00001280624800062
间位芳族聚酰胺纱线的环结强度
实施例4
实施例4至6示出了根据实施例1而制备的具有80-150mm不连续单丝长度的3股间位芳族聚酰胺纱线的性能与比较实施例C中所述的商用双股1200d
Figure BPA00001280624800063
430连续多丝纱线的性能的比较。就软管测试而言，有必要比较具有相同爆裂压力的软管。实施例4示出了为了进行软管制造和软管测试而用于实施例5和6中的其它相同软管的加强结构的来源。具有平针针织织物加强的软管的理论爆裂压力可由下式计算：
P＝2R C sin(θ)F/D
其中P＝爆裂压力
    R＝纱线断裂强度
    C＝每10mm的针数
   θ＝针织角度
    F＝效率因子
    D＝股线直径
实施例1中的纱线具有比比较实施例C中的连续多丝纱线更低的断裂强度。为了获得具有大约20巴爆裂压力的19mm内径的软管，来自实施例1的纱线必须每10mm软管长度织4针，而来自比较实施例C的纱线必须每10mm软管长度织3针。
实施例5
以下实施例示出了如实施例1所述在配备有圆形针织机的商业软管制造设备上制备的纱线的优异加工特性。
在商业软管制造设备中制备满足SAE J20R3中的规格说明的具有19mm内径的基于EPDM的机动车加热器软管。Harry Lucas针织机(得自Harry Lucas Textilmaschinen，Neumünster，Germany)配备有八套如实施例1中所述的纱线的5-lbs进料纱线包装。将进料软管调整为沿着软管的纵向轴线每10mm软管织4针。利用平针图案。测试后在针织机上未发现沉积物且软管加强层未显示任何不规则或缺陷。软管在直芯轴上固化并切割成25cm的长度。表3列出了所制备的软管。
实施例6
对如实施例4和比较实施例C所述制备的软管进行工业中常见的压力-振动-温度(PVT)性能测试以评价用两种纱型加强的软管长期性能。遵循以下步骤：100％的乙二醇通过25cm长的软管样本循环。乙二醇的循环以具有梯形模式的脉冲进行：0.1巴的低谷持续4.0秒，1.2秒升至3巴，3巴的峰值持续4.0秒，以及1.2秒降至0.1巴的低谷。软管以具有±10mm振幅的200次振动/分钟振动。环境及流体温度为135℃。持续脉冲直至软管失效。表3对结果进行了汇总。由实施例1中所述的不连续长丝制成的纱线加强的软管在超过430959次循环后仍保持完整。由双股的1200d、2dpf连续多丝纱线加固的软管在332967次循环后失效。这些测试表明如实施例1中所述的纱线具有优异的长期性能。含有如比较实施例A中所述的纱线的软管的测试与制备被省略，这是因为由20-60mm的不连续长丝制成的纱线不适用于针织软管加强已成为被接受的工业知识(参见DE 102004051073A1)。
实施例7
对如实施例4和比较实施例C中所述的软管进行第二次PVT测试。遵循以下步骤：100％的乙二醇通过25cm长的软管样本循环。乙二醇的循环以具有梯形模式的脉冲进行：0.0巴的低谷持续1.2秒，0.3秒升至5.2巴，5.2巴的峰值持续1.2秒，以及0.3秒降至0.0巴的低谷。软管以具有±10mm振幅的200次振动/分钟振动。环境及流体温度为130℃。测试运行100000次循环并示出极端苛刻的条件下加强层的性能。根据ASTM D380对未测试的对照样本及PVT测试后的样本进行爆裂。保留下来的爆裂压力记录于表3中。由实施例1中纱线加强的软管显示出优异性能，该性能比得上双股的1200d、2.0dpf连续多丝纱线加固软管的性能。
Figure BPA00001280624800071
Figure BPA00001280624800081
表3-软管构造及测试
实施例8
本发明中的纱线相对于其他高性能纱线的性能比较：
表4-纱线性能
比较实施例A
在Lummus切割器上，将50ktex、2.0dpf的
Figure BPA00001280624800083
430间位芳族聚酰胺丝束切割成均匀的50mm长度、2.0dpf
Figure BPA00001280624800084
短纱。在商用的短纤纱转化设备中，将短纱转化为Ne＝14.7/1的气流短纤纱。
比较实施例B
具有200-1400mm单丝长度的纱线可如JP2006161225A中所述制备。牵切纺纱设备用于将33000分特的丝束拉细至1100分特，并将丝束的连续长丝断裂成所期望的200-1400mm的单丝长度。纱线通过气流交织喷射加强。据信气流交织不会实现与精纺纺丝在如实施例4中所述的多种纺织物加工设备中进行纱线类型的主要加工问题时相同的长丝加强质量。
比较实施例C
在如实施例3所述的商业软管制造设备中制备满足SAE J20R3中的规格说明的具有19mm内径的基于EPDM的机动车加热器软管，不同的是利用八套包含捻成1.7的捻系数的1200d、2.0dpf连续多丝纱线的双股产物的5-lbs包装。将进料软管调整为沿着软管的纵向轴线每10mm软管织3针。测试后在针织机上未发现沉积物且软管加强层未显示任何不规则或缺陷。
表3列出了所制备的软管。

Claims (8)

1.适于输送加压流体或气体的柔性软管，所述软管在沿着中心纵向轴线的轴向上和周向围绕所述纵向轴线的径向上延伸，所述软管依次包括
具有周向内芯管表面和相对的周向外芯管表面的芯管(2)，所述芯管(2)包括第一弹性体层，
围绕所述外芯管的加强层(3)，所述加强层(3)具有周向内芯加强表面和相对的周向外芯加强表面，
所述加强层(3)为针织构造、螺旋缠绕构造或编结构造，
所述加强层(3)由至少一根纱线(5)形成，
所述纱线(5)具有1000至4000分特的线密度，
所述纱线(5)由2至5个股纱(6)构成，
所述股纱(6)合股捻成1至5的捻系数，
所述股纱(6)由1至5根短纤纱(7)构成，
所述短纤纱(7)合股捻成1至5的捻系数，
所述短纤纱(7)包括100分特至1000分特的线密度，
所述短纤纱(7)包括具有80至150mm长度的长丝，
所述短纤纱(7)包括每米至少200捻回数的捻度，并且
所述短纤纱(7)包括选自以下的长丝：聚间亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺、聚亚甲基-1，3-苯并二
Figure FPA00001280624700011
唑、聚
Figure FPA00001280624700012
二唑、聚磺酰胺、聚芳硫醚、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯并噻唑、聚苯并
Figure FPA00001280624700013
唑、聚
Figure FPA00001280624700014
二唑、聚磺酰胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯并噻唑、聚苯并
Figure FPA00001280624700015
唑或它们的混合物，以及
第二弹性体层(4)，其在所述周向外芯加强表面上围绕所述加强层(3)。
2.根据权利要求1的适于输送加压流体或气体的柔性软管，其中所述加强层(3)包括聚间亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺或聚芳硫醚或它们的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1的适于输送加压流体或气体的柔性软管，其中所述纱线(5)、股纱(6)或短纤纱(7)涂覆有整理剂。
4.根据权利要求1的适于输送加压流体的柔性软管，其中所述弹性体材料包括氢化丁腈橡胶、硅橡胶、氟硅橡胶、甲基苯基硅橡胶、天然橡胶、EPDM、CPE或丙烯酸类橡胶。
5.根据权利要求1的适于输送加压流体或气体的柔性软管，所述柔性软管包括两个或更多个所述加强层(3)。
6.根据权利要求1的适于输送加压流体或气体的柔性软管，其中所述芯管(2)内衬有碳氟化合物基材料。
7.根据权利要求1的适于输送加压流体的柔性软管，其中所述加强层(3)为针织的。
8.根据权利要求7的适于输送加压流体的柔性软管，其中所述第一加强层每米具有160至660个套环。
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