CN102047855B - Paramisgurnus dabryans artificial breeding technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an artificial breeding method of a paramisgurnus dabryans, which includes preparation, acceleration of maturation, acceleration of production, incubation and seedling, wherein the preparation includes preparation works of leakage egg meshes, an incubation net box, acceleration of maturation net boxes, a water hyacinth floating belt, and devices needed by seedling; the acceleration of maturation includes: respectively putting male and female loach into two acceleration of maturation net boxes for unisexuality acceleration of maturation; the acceleration of production includes: mixing and using two oxytocins, an injection dosage for the female loach being 0.2mL, the dosage containing the oxytocins being Huamn Chorionic Gonadotropin HCG 400IU and Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogs LRH-A21mug, the dosage for the male loach being half and 0.1mL, the ratio of male and the female being controlled as 1:0.85; and incubation includes: covering the leakage egg meshes on the incubation net box, realizing the fast separation of germ cells and egg collectors, during the incubation, the net box integrally lifting up to a heavy-oxygen-enriched water layer with the water depth of 30-50cm, and achieving safe incubation; seedling includes: taking the time when the loach seedling gill filament enters an operculum as a seedling breeding time. The artificial breeding method of the invention is suitable for fast batch production of paramisgurnus dabryans seedlings, the seedling is strong and the incubation survival rate is high.
Description
Affiliated technical field the invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, relates to the secondary loach artificial breeding method of a kind of large squama.
The secondary loach of the large squama of background technology, formal name used at school Parami sgumus dabryanus (Sauvage), Cypriniformes, Cobitidae (Cobitidae), flower loach subfamily (Cobitinae), secondary loach belongs to (Paramisgurnus), the yellow flat loach of popular name.The bodily form exactly likes loach.5 pairs of palpuses.Eye is covered by epithelium.Under anophthalmia, sting.Scale is large compared with loach body squama, is embedded in subcutaneous.Caudal peduncle place skin pleat rib is flourishing, is connected with tail fin.Caudal peduncle is long approximately to be equated with height.Tail fin is circular.The nearly anal fin starting point of anus.Life habit is similar to loach.Negligible amounts.Be distributed in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and attached water body thereof.Shandong Province's Nansi Lake is to abound with one of the secondary loach of large squama area.
Development along with China's culture fishery, the raising of living standards of the people, people also constantly increase the kind of aquatic products and demand, loach itself is exactly be quite subject to that numerous trenchermans like a kind of, and individual large, the delicious meat of the secondary loach of the large squama fine work in aquatic products especially, international market price continues steadily increasing, is also the key product that China's export is earned foreign exchange.At present, just few as loach breeding technical research, very few for the secondary loach research of large squama, still lack so far a set of mature technology of breeding.
Main existing problems are at present: the secondary loach natural water area of large squama negligible amounts, parent loach ovary, testis development is inconsistent, synchronous spawning amount is on the low side, hatching process is subject to wind-force, temperature, heavy rain, and the external environment such as the on the low side and cyclops infringement of water body dissolved oxygen affects, cause incubation rate on the low side, send out in addition behind the pool, seed pond Qing Chi is not thorough, harmful organisms is too much, and the grasp of starter diet cultivation time is not in place, natural bait very little, so that too low to summer flower stage seed rearing survival rate from spray, therefore, now become the secondary loach seed batch production of large squama urgently to be resolved hurrily, carry out the technical barrier of large-scale farming.
The object of the invention is: in the technological deficiency that overcomes the secondary loach breeding of existing large squama, as inconsistent in close loach ovary, testis development, cause the synchronous reproductive effect of close loach poor, fertilization rate is on the low side; Hatching process is subject to wind-force, temperature, heavy rain, and the external environment impact such as the on the low side and cyclops infringement of water body dissolved oxygen, and it is not good enough that the ovum that causes inseminating is hatched, and emergence rate is on the low side; Send out behind the pool, seed pond Qing Chi is not thorough, harmful organisms is too much, and the grasp of starter diet cultivation time is not in place, natural bait very little or too much, so that too low to summer flower stage seed rearing survival rate from spray, therefore, object of the present invention exactly for the secondary loach seed batch production of large squama, carry out large-scale farming produce provide a kind of and provide practical, operability is high, the secondary loach of large squama that seed quality is healthy and strong, survival rate the is high hatching m of hastening parturition.
Summary of the invention the object of the invention is:
The secondary loach artificial breeding technology of the large squama provided by the invention double teacher that comprises preparation, accelerates the ripening, hastens parturition, hatches and grow seedlings:
Prepare: the preparation to the required facilities and equipment of the secondary loach artificial breeding of large squama, mainly contains cycle water pond, fountain square, leakage ovum net sheet, incubation net cage, the net cage that accelerates the ripening, oxygen increasing pump, water circulating pump, small pump, the pond of growing seedlings, the floating band of Eichhornia crassipes, oxytocins, kills the preparation of cyclops medicament, fish nest and the required facilities and equipment of small power generation unit artificial breeding.
Accelerate the ripening: by male and female, put into respectively two net cages that accelerate the ripening, adopt small pump to the net cage water-filling that accelerates the ripening, each 1 time sooner or later, each 2～3h, after 2～3d, close loach can be hastened parturition.
Hasten parturition: oxytocins adopts two kinds of oxytocins mixed, oxytocins is human chorionic gonadtropin HCG and injection luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog LRH-A2, the female loach of injected dose is at 0.2mL, dosage containing oxytocins is human chorionic gonadtropin HCG 400IU and injection luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog LRH-A21 μ g, the male loach 0.1mL that reduces by half, male and female than general control at 1: 0.85.
Hatching: build several identical incubation net cages, be covered with Lou ovum net sheet above, adopt fish nest to separate with incubation net cage in leakage ovum net sheet bottom, again the male and female parent loach after combo injection is put into Lou ovum net sheet, treat that close loach is through oestrusing, mating, lay eggs after 24h, immediately close loach is taken out, putting back to the former pool cultivates, again by ovum and the hatching of fish nest branch mailbox, rest in 150 groups of one case 450,000 left and right, in hatching process, net cage is carried 20cm on the whole, with a long bamboo pole, two ends are respectively the common brick that lastblock stands up, the gang rope of net cage bottom ties up on bamboo pole, and net cage bottom is stretching, in case floating at the bottom of net cage, the net cage depth of water 30～50cm, make net cage bottom be separated from basin bottom completely.
Grow seedlings: in the loach seedling gill filament income gill cover, carry out the cultivation of the lower pool, cultivate pond and will carry out basal dressing, rich water and feedstuff feeding, supplement new water, the oxygenation of washing by water, kill large-scale hydrobiological work.When seed fetches water when colored, and the fry culturing stage is carried out in time-division pond.Its enforcement concrete steps and main points are as follows:
One, prepare:
The secondary loach artificial propagation time of large squama is to start at the beginning of annual 5 months, at the beginning of 9 months, stops.Breeding place is selected in and has abundant water resources, and electric traffic easily fishing ground carries out.Before artificial propagation, concrete preparation has:
(1) cycle water pond: select 10～15 mu of ponds as cycle water pond, more than depth of water 1.5m, water quality requirement is light green, fertilizer is refreshing, natural bait is biological abundant.
(2) fountain square: select 1～4 fountain square, its structure is brick mix structure or xoncrete structure, and pool size is 6.5m * 6.5m * 0.9m, mean depth of water 0.6m.Top, pond is provided with overflow pipe and controls and stabilization pond water height, and sewage draining exit is set at the bottom of pond.
(3) leak ovum net sheet: net sheet is PVC glue silk netting, and breadth is 9m * 4m or 10m * 6m, mesh 6mm * 3mm, net sheet surrounding is sewed with the 1.0cm head rope.
(4) incubation net cage: net cage is tulle, mesh is 65～80 orders, upper uncovered net cage, appearance and size 5m * 2m * 0.9m, net cage is suitable for reading is sewed with the 1.0cm head rope with bottom.At interval of 1m, one section of bifilar tie is respectively set up and down, length is respectively 0.5m.
(5) net cage that accelerates the ripening: can select identical with incubation net cage.
(6) oxygen increasing pump: be provided with an oxygen increasing pump in each net cage, oxygen increasing pump is 10 aeration heads of electromagnetic air pump ACO-006 (being 105W, 0.04MPa, 85L/min).Can be placed on the two bottom sides in incubation net cage, be uniformly distributed.
(7) water circulating pump: be provided with a water circulating pump in each incubation net cage, can select single-phase self-priming pump model 25WZB-18-0.45 (that is: 0.45kW, 2.5m
3/ h).So as to incubation net cage supplementing water, recycle with circulation pond, stablize fountain square water quality, and play the effect that regulates water temperature.
(8) small pump: can select compact submersible pump: QDX40-8-1.5 (that is: 1.5kW, 40m
3/ h, 8m).For the rapid moisturizing after fountain square blowdown, and the bath of the net cage that accelerates the ripening stimulates close loach gonad development.
(9) pond of growing seedlings: according to the production schedule, one or several ponds of 1～2 mu of choose reasonable are as seed rearing pond, and mean depth of water is 0.6～0.7m.
(10) the floating band of Eichhornia crassipes: adopt two 6m and two blue or green bamboo poles of 3m, be bundled into square frame with thin wire, square frame size 5.5m * 2.5m, two square frames are made one group, be evenly distributed in pond, form the floating band of one or more Eichhornia crassipes, and with PVC nylon rope, square frame is fixed.
(11) oxytocins: adopt two kinds of oxytocins mixed, the first is injection chorionic gonadotrophin HCG10Zhi 10000 units (IU), Zhejiang veterinary drug word (2002) X031130, Hangzhou animal Yao Pin factory; The second is No. 2 (injection luteinizing hormone releasing hormone LRH-A2) of injection ovulation induction element, Zhejiang veterinary drug word (2002) X031111, and Hangzhou animal Yao Pin factory, can prepare enough oxytocins according to the production schedule.
(12) kill cyclops medicament: 90% trichlorphon.
(13) fish nest: adopt the blue or green bamboo pole of 5m, in every blue or green bamboo pole colligation tens with poach, mill is loose and sterilization after brown sheet, make some fish nests standby.
(14) small power generation unit: can select gasoline engine generator group and minitype diesel oil engine group, standby power failure self-powered.To meet the supply of electric power in hatching process.
Two, accelerate the ripening:
The net cage that accelerates the ripening is placed in pond, adopts the blue or green bamboo pole net cage that accelerates the ripening to support fixingly firm, the closeer loach that close loach is cultivated pond is put out.Parent loach is chosen as female close loach belly circle greatly, and gonopore place has ovum grain outstanding, gently presses belly to have micro-yellow or colourless ovum grain to flow out; It is large that male close loach gonopore aperture becomes, and is extruded with gently milky seminal fluid and flows out.By male and female, put into respectively two net cages that accelerate the ripening, every the net cage that accelerates the ripening is put 1000 tail left and right in a suitable place to breed.Adopt small pump to net cage water-filling, each 1 time sooner or later, each 2～3h, after 2～3d, close loach can be hastened parturition.
Three, hasten parturition:
Female close loach body weight 200～300g, male close loach 150～200g.While hastening parturition, two one group of people, one people props up close loach head with the centre of the palm and the pinkie of a hand, and four finger close up and catch close loach neck to dorsal fin position, make close loach can not see light, with another hand, remainder is straight, another people inserts close loach muscle of back gently by the angle at 45 ° of the syringe with hormone, and hormone is injected in loach body.
Parent's loach individual relative four large Chinese carps are less than normal, and female loach injected dose is generally at 0.2mL, the male loach 0.1mL that reduces by half.Adopt disposable sterilized syringe (YZB/ state 0942-2006), gating specification 0.45mm * 15mm, brown needle stand.Each full packages can be beaten raun 5 tails, milter 10 tails.
To be generally that ampere is bottled enter bulk powder for chorion and analog, adopts sodium chloride injection 0.9% (being 250mL, NaOH2.25g) to dilute, and every 0.2mL is chorion 400IU and analog 1 μ g containing the dosage of oxytocins.
Loach breeding farm can, according to carrying out every year the production schedule, estimate required seed.Male and female ratio is controlled at 1: 0.85.
After injection combo, male and female parent loach is put into and is covered with the Lou incubation net cage of ovum net sheet above, leaks ovum net sheet bottom and incubation net cage, adopts fish nest to be separated by, and fish nest bamboo pole two ends have respectively fastened a common brick, and its spacing approximately has 15cm left and right.Every net cage is placed 300～400 groups, and the close loach effect time is at 9.5h～12h.Parent loach through oestrusing, mating, lay eggs after about 24h, immediately close loach is taken out, put back to former close loach and cultivate pond and continue to cultivate.
The observation of fertilization rate, the close loach effect time, oestruses, mating, spawning peak, in time from net cage wall, adopt glass pipette that ovum is sucked and packed into the culture dish of Chi Shui, in each culture dish, gather 30 pieces of ovum, do 3 parallel, supplement a small amount of Chi Shui, more than 2/3 water level of maintain ware every day.When insemination, 10h left and right counting, the situation of observation fertilized egg, calculates fertilization rate.Counting when hatching has been emerged, the situation of observing seed, calculates incubation rate.
Four, hatching:
Incubation net cage is used for hatching loach ovum, can according to lay eggs number, tower is built one or several identical incubation net cage, so as to the hatching of loach ovum and fish nest branch mailbox, generally rests in 150 group of one case, about 450,000 left and right.
In hatching process, net cage is carried 20cm on the whole, with a long bamboo pole, two ends are respectively the common brick of lastblock cube, the gang rope of net cage bottom ties up on bamboo pole, and net cage bottom is stretching, in case floating at the bottom of net cage, the ordinary test net cage depth of water 30～50cm, make net cage bottom be separated from basin bottom completely, every test net cage all adopts single-phase self-priming pump 25WZB-18-0.45 to wash by water in net cage lateral, when washing by water or changing water, all water pumps are imported and exported and are all adopted 60 order tulles to be bundled into tulle cage, cover on intake-discharge pipe road junction, interception dirt, increase the water yield, prevent from entering as pests such as cyclopss, to improve incubation rate.From fertilized egg to the 1d～2d of emerging.
Adopt single-phase self-priming pump: 25WZB-18-0.45, successively to test net cage, add water, every net cage configures an electromagnetic air pump ACO-006, and 10 aeration heads are arranged in net cage two bottom sides.Every morning 6:00 left and right, adopts compact submersible pump QDX40-8-1.5, and storage pond, holding pond water is changed to water, changes water 20～30cm, the dirt depositing in the storage pond, holding pond of mainly draining at every turn.While changing water, incubation net cage is scrubbed, is prevented that net cage from being stuck with paste mesh by dirt, with increase in net cage with storage pond, holding pond in water body exchange, the dirt under brush is drained with water.
Water temperature is controlled between 25～30 ℃, and preference temperature is 28 ℃.Changed every day after water, adopted 90% trichlorphon of 0.3～0.4mg/L to carry out the whole network case and splashes, to kill cyclops in net cage etc., reduced other aquatiles and fight for living space with loach.
Hatching points for attention: when fry has just emerged, fry, when lying on one's side the phase, reduces the stirring to water body in case as far as possible, makes fry absorb abundant yolk sac nutrition, builds up health.
Send out the pool assurance on opportunity: utilize anatomical lens or microscope to examine fry yolk sac and absorb and disappear, and the situation of the middle-size and small-size wheel animalcule of water body that ingests, when progressing into the flat trip phase from the seed phase of lying on one's side, once fat capsule forms, in the gill filament income gill cover, the pool under seed immediately.Lower pool water temperature is 23 ℃～28 ℃, do not differ with the water temperature of storage pond, holding pond≤3 ℃, from see seedling to the pool generally need 2d～3d.Therefore, whole spawning and hatching will experience the time of 5d～6d.
Seed method of counting: the density of putting in a suitable place to breed in order to control loach seedling, the survival rate of calculating seed rearing, will go out slightly counting before the pool under loach seedling.During due to the firm membrane of fish-egg, total length, generally at 2.9mm, through the hatching of 2d, grows to about 5.0mm left and right, because fish body is tenderer, adopts gravimetric method easily to hinder fish.Therefore, often adopt volumetric method.
On the pool side of pond, people of incubation net cage is lifted to net cage one side, on one side water-sprinkling make on one side it slightly dried up, pull-up net cage gently, in case when net cage pull-up, fry is attached on net cage.Allow fry concentrate on one jiao, net cage, then with a noggin, ladle out one flat glass of fry, be poured in the bucket that fills a small amount of water, while drag for number with the little sea of dragging for, number goes out the fry number of this 1 teacup.With noggin, in water ladle, fetch water, calculate noggin toward the cup number of fetching water in water ladle, then pull fry in net cage out wooden dipper one wooden dipper, bit by bit net cage is shunk gently, make the fry density in net cage as far as possible even, finally with the wooden dipper number of scooping out, being multiplied by the fry number of 1 glass, then being multiplied by the quantity that water ladle is contained noggin water, is exactly rough fry number in incubation net cage.
Water floats while ladling out the interior fry of incubation net cage, must be all flat wooden dipper at every turn, otherwise more a little or a little less, and the result just finally calculating will differ several thousand tails.The bucket of the fortune loach on the lower pool, first squeezes into 1/3 tank water, then adds 2/3 fish, can strengthen like this survival rate of fortune fish.
Five, grow seedlings:
Seed rearing pond enters the front 3d in pond in seed, apply basal dressing 100kg, and it is to be made by fermentation, decomposed cow dung.Seed enters behind pond, initial 15d, the loach seedling of opening after food is cultivated and rich water should be combined with the mode of throwing something and feeding, after the water body that is about to cultivate pond is cultivated into green, splash every day soya-bean milk 1 time, the soya-bean milk that consumption is worn into by every 100,000 tail seed 1kg soya beans is splashed, and supplements new water when water level declines, and water quality is remained refreshing.If water quality overfertilization, water transparency is less than 20cm, change in time 10～20cm Chi Shui and supplement new water, to reduce aquatile seed, strives oxygen and raises the nose above water to breathe, and seriously causes hypoxia death.In the water of pond, produce the large-scale cladocera biochron, adopt chlorophos killing method to control, dosage 0.3ppm.When loach seedling grows to the long 2cm of body, the planktons such as wheel animalcule, water flea of throwing something and feeding constantly, then be aided with loach manufactured feed, protein content 32～36%.The mode of throwing something and feeding is meal more than a day, throws something and feeds the morning 1 time, throws something and feeds afternoon 2 times, and feeding volume is eaten up and is advisable with loach seedling in 1h.Nurturing period pond water pH value remains between 7.6～7.8, and dissolved oxygen is more than 4mg/L.After 10d～15d, during spray that fry body grows to 1.0cm～3cm and rises slight at the water surface, in time, is wanted and time-division pond, cultivates density and should be controlled in 80,000 tail/mu～100,000 tail/mus.
The secondary loach artificial breeding method of the large squama of embodiment hastens parturition 8 batches by above-mentioned implementation step and requirement from May to mid-August, and 7200 groups of kind of the fishes of hastening parturition, lay eggs 2,201 ten thousand, and average every group of fish lays eggs 3057, average fertilization rate 82%; Average incubation rate 35.3%, goes out spray fry 8,850,000 tails altogether, and average every group of kind fish produces seedling 1229 tails; Pond rearing spray, to the summer flower stage, reaches 75% through measuring and calculating survival rate, produces 2～3cm Changyu seedling 9,220,000 tails, and every 300 groups are produced seedling 38.4 ten thousand tails; Produce seedling May, to early October, seed size has reached 9～12cm; Body weight 12g left and right.
This embodiment has just reproduced the secondary loach artificial breeding technology of large squama, for the secondary loach of large squama provides a kind of artificial breeding technique, easy to implement, practicality, workable practical technique, the fry quality of cultivating is good, survival rate is high, and can obtain good economic benefit, and technical staff of the same trade all can be with reference to enforcement.
Claims (1)
1. the secondary loach artificial breeding method of large squama, the double teacher that comprises preparation, accelerates the ripening, hastens parturition, hatches and grow seedlings, is characterized in that:
Described preparation: mainly contain cycle water pond, fountain square, leakage ovum net sheet, incubation net cage, the net cage that accelerates the ripening, oxygen increasing pump, water circulating pump, small pump, the pond of growing seedlings, the floating band of Eichhornia crassipes, oxytocins, kill the preparation of cyclops medicament, fish nest and the required facilities and equipment of small power generation unit artificial breeding;
Described accelerating the ripening: by male and female, put into respectively two net cages that accelerate the ripening, adopt small pump to the net cage water-filling that accelerates the ripening, each 1 time sooner or later, each 2～3h, after 2～3d, close loach can be hastened parturition;
Described hastening parturition: oxytocins adopts two kinds of oxytocins mixed, oxytocins is human chorionic gonadtropin HCG and injection luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog LRH-A2, the female loach of injected dose is at 0.2mL, dosage containing oxytocins is human chorionic gonadtropin HCG 400IU and injection luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog LRH-A21 μ g, the male loach 0.1mL that reduces by half, male and female ratio is controlled at 1: 0.85;
Described hatching: build several identical incubation net cages, be covered with Lou ovum net sheet above, adopt fish nest to separate with incubation net cage in leakage ovum net sheet bottom, again the male and female parent loach after combo injection is put into Lou ovum net sheet, treat that close loach is through oestrusing, mating, lay eggs after 24h, immediately close loach is taken out, putting back to the former pool cultivates, again by ovum and the hatching of fish nest branch mailbox, rest in 150 groups one case 450,000, in hatching process, net cage is carried 20cm on the whole, with a long bamboo pole, two ends are respectively the common brick that lastblock stands up, the gang rope of net cage bottom ties up on bamboo pole, and net cage bottom is stretching, in case floating at the bottom of net cage, the net cage depth of water 30～50cm, make net cage bottom be separated from basin bottom completely,
Described growing seedlings: in the loach seedling gill filament income gill cover, carry out the cultivation of the lower pool, cultivate pond and will carry out basal dressing, rich water and feedstuff feeding, supplementary new water, the oxygenation of washing by water, kill large-scale hydrobiological work, when seed fetches water when colored, and the fry culturing stage is carried out in time-division pond.
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