CN102047855A - Paramisgurnus dabryans artificial breeding technology - Google Patents
Paramisgurnus dabryans artificial breeding technology Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a paramisgurnus dabryans induced spawning and hatching technology in the field of aquaculture. The technological process comprises three steps of preparation, induced spawning, hatching, seedling rearing and the like of induced spawning and hatching, wherein the preparation work of the induced spawning and hatching comprises the steps of parent loach selection, preparation of induced spawning and hatching reagent, configuration of a spawning and hatching tool, preparation of a seedling rearing pool and the like; the induced spawning work comprises the steps of loach production plan, male-to-female ratio, the parturifacient proportion and dosage, parent loach capture agent injection part, and setting and management of a spawning box and a hatching box; the hatching work comprises the steps of binning hatching by using the hatching box, management key points in an embryonic development phase, pond nursing and a technological method; and the seedling rearing work comprises the steps of bait casting, water replenishing and shading floating belt setting. The paramisgurnus dabryans induced spawning and hatching technology has the advantages of strong practicability, high operability, high seedling quality and high survival rate, can realize match production of paramisgurnus dabryans seedlings and carry out large cultivation production.
Description
Affiliated technical field the invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, relates to the secondary loach artificial breeding technology of a kind of big squama.
The secondary loach of the big squama of background technology, formal name used at school Paramisgumus dabryanus (Sauvage), Cypriniformes, Cobitidae (Cobitidae), flower loach subfamily (Cobitinae), secondary loach belongs to (Paramisgurnus), the yellow flat loach of popular name.The bodily form exactly likes loach.5 pairs of palpuses.Eye is covered by epithelium.Anophthalmia is thorn down.Scale is big than loach body squama, is embedded in subcutaneous.The skin pleat rib prosperity of caudal peduncle place links to each other with tail fin.Caudal peduncle is long to be equated approximately with height.The tail fin circle.The nearly anal fin starting point of anus.Life habit is similar to loach.Negligible amounts.Be distributed in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and the attached water body thereof.Shandong Province's Nansi Lake is to abound with one of the secondary loach of big squama area.
Development along with China's culture fishery, the raising of living standards of the people, people also constantly increase the kind and the demand of aquatic products, loach itself be exactly quite the many trenchermans of audient like a kind of, and individual big, the delicious meat of the secondary loach of the big squama elaboration in the aquatic products especially, international market price continues steadily increasing, also is the key product of China's foreign exchange earning.At present, just few as the research of loach raising technology, very few for the secondary loach research of big squama, still lack a cover so far and breed mature technology.
Main at present existing problems are: the secondary loach natural water area of big squama negligible amounts, parent loach ovary, testis development is inconsistent, the synchronous spawning amount is on the low side, hatching process is subjected to wind-force, temperature, heavy rain, and external environment such as the on the low side and cyclops infringement of water body dissolved oxygen influences, cause incubation rate on the low side, after sending out the pool in addition, seed pond Qing Chi is not thorough, and harmful organisms is too much, and the starter diet cultivation time is grasped not in place, natural bait very little, so that too low from spray to summer flower stage seed rearing survival rate, therefore, now become the secondary loach seed of the big squama that needs to be resolved hurrily and produced in batches, carry out the technical barrier of large-scale farming.
The objective of the invention is: inconsistent in the technological deficiency that is overcoming the secondary loach breeding of existing big squama as close loach ovary, testis development, cause the synchronous reproductive effect of close loach poor, fertilization rate is on the low side; Hatching process is subjected to wind-force, temperature, heavy rain, and external environment influence such as the on the low side and cyclops infringement of water body dissolved oxygen, and it is not good enough that the ovum that causes inseminating is hatched, and emergence rate is on the low side; After sending out the pool, seed pond Qing Chi is not thorough, harmful organisms is too much, and the grasp of starter diet cultivation time is not in place, natural bait very little or too much, and is so that too low to summer flower stage seed rearing survival rate from spray, therefore, purpose of the present invention is produced, is carried out large-scale farming production in batches for the secondary loach seed of big squama exactly and provides a kind of and provide practical, operability is high, seed quality stalwartness, the secondary loach of the big squama that survival rate the is high hatching technique of hastening parturition.
Summary of the invention the objective of the invention is:
The secondary loach artificial breeding technology of big squama provided by the invention five stages that comprise preparation, accelerate the ripening, hasten parturition, hatch and grow seedlings:
Prepare: the preparation to the required facilities and equipment of the secondary loach artificial breeding of big squama mainly contains cycle water pond, fountain square, leakage ovum net sheet, hatches net cage, the net cage that accelerates the ripening, oxygen increasing pump, water circulating pump, small pump, the pond of growing seedlings, the floating band of Eichhornia crassipes, oxytocins, kills cyclops medicament, fish nest and small power generation unit.
Accelerate the ripening: put into two net cages that accelerate the ripening respectively by male and female, adopt small pump the net cage water-filling that accelerates the ripening, each 1 time sooner or later, each 2～3h, behind 2～3d, close loach can be hastened parturition.
Hasten parturition: adopt the hormones more than two kinds or two to carry out intramuscular injection, male and female are than generally being controlled at 1: 0.85～1: 1: 25.
Hatching: tower is built one or several identical hatching net cages, so as to loach ovum and the hatching of fish nest branch mailbox, generally grasps at 150 group of one case about about 450,000.
Grow seedlings: in the gill filament income gill cover, cultivate on the following pool, cultivates the pond and will carry out basal dressing, rich water and feedstuff feeding, replenish new water, the oxygenation of washing by water, kill large-scale hydrobiological work.When seed fetches water when colored, and the summer flower breeding phase is carried out in the time-division pond.Its enforcement concrete steps and main points are as follows:
One, prepare:
The secondary loach artificial propagation time of big squama is beginning at the beginning of annual 5 months, ends at the beginning of 9 months.The breeding place is selected in and has abundant water resources, and carry out in the fishing ground that electric power has a good transport service.Before the artificial propagation there be concrete preparation:
(1) cycle water pond: select 10～15 mu of ponds as the cycle water pond, more than the depth of water 1.5m, water quality requirement is light green, fertilizer is refreshing, and natural bait is biological abundant.
(2) fountain square: select 1～4 fountain square, its structure is brick mix structure or xoncrete structure, and pool size is 6.5m * 6.5m * 0.9m, mean depth of water 0.6m.The top, pond is provided with overflow pipe control and stabilization pond water height, and sewage draining exit is set at the bottom of the pond.
(3) leak ovum net sheet: the net sheet is a PVC glue silk netting, and breadth is 9m * 4m or 10m * 6m, is sewed with the 1.0cm head rope around the mesh 6mm * 3mm, net sheet.
(4) hatching net cage: net cage is a tulle, and mesh is 65～80 orders, goes up uncovered net cage, appearance and size 5m * 2m * 0.9m, and net cage is suitable for reading to be sewed with the 1.0cm head rope with the bottom.Every interval 1m is provided with one section bifilar colligation rope up and down, and length respectively is 0.5m.
(5) net cage that accelerates the ripening: can select with to hatch net cage identical.
(6) oxygen increasing pump: be provided with an oxygen increasing pump in each net cage, oxygen increasing pump be electromagnetic air pump ACO-006 (be 105W, 0.04MPa, 85L/min) 10 aeration heads.Can be placed on the two bottom sides in the hatching net cage, evenly distribute.
(7) water circulating pump: each hatching is provided with a water circulating pump in net cage, can select single-phase self priming pump model 25WZB-18-0.45 (that is: 0.45kW, 2.5m
3/ h).So as to hatching net cage supplementing water, recycle with the circulation pond, stablize fountain square water quality, and play the effect of regulating water temperature.
(8) small pump: can select small-sized immersible pump: QDX40-8-1.5 (that is: 1.5kW, 40m
3/ h, 8m).Be used for the rapid moisturizing after the fountain square blowdown, and the bath of the net cage that accelerates the ripening stimulates close loach gonad development.
(9) pond of growing seedlings: according to the production schedule, one or several ponds of 1～2 mu of choose reasonable are as the seed rearing pond, and mean depth of water is 0.6～0.7m.
(10) the floating band of Eichhornia crassipes: adopt two 6m and two blue or green bamboo poles of 3m, be bundled into square frame with thin wire, square frame size 5.5m * 2.5m, two square frames are made one group, be evenly distributed in the pond, form the floating band of one or more Eichhornia crassipes, and square frame is fixed with the PVC nylon rope.
(11) oxytocins: adopt two kinds of oxytocins to use with, first kind is 10 10000 units of injection chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) (IU), Zhejiang veterinary drug word (2002) X031130, and the Hangzhou animal will product factory; Second kind is plain No. 2 (the injection luteinizing hormone releasing hormone LRH-A of injection ovulation induction
2), Zhejiang veterinary drug word (2002) X031111, the Hangzhou animal will product factory, can oxytocins be prepared enough according to the production schedule.
(12) kill the cyclops medicament: 90% crystal chlorophos.
(13) fish nest: adopt the blue or green bamboo pole of 5m, in every blue or green bamboo pole colligation tens loose with poach, mill and sterilization after brown sheet, it is standby to make some fish nests.
(14) small power generation unit: can select gasoline engine generator group and miniature diesel generating set for use, be equipped with the power supply voluntarily that has a power failure.To satisfy the supply of electric power in the hatching process.
Two, accelerate the ripening:
The net cage that accelerates the ripening is placed in the pond, adopts the blue or green bamboo pole net cage that accelerates the ripening to support fixingly firm, closeer loach is cultivated the close loach in pond and is put out.The parent loach is chosen as female close loach belly circle greatly, and the gonopore place has the ovum grain outstanding, gently presses belly to have little yellow or colourless ovum grain to flow out; It is big that male close loach gonopore aperture becomes, and is extruded with the milky seminal fluid gently and flows out.Put into two net cages that accelerate the ripening respectively by male and female, every the net cage that accelerates the ripening is put in a suitable place to breed about 1000 tails.Adopt small pump to the net cage water-filling, each 1 time sooner or later, each 2～3h, behind 2～3d, close loach can be hastened parturition.
Three, hasten parturition:
Female close loach body weight 200～300g, male close loach 150～200g.When hastening parturition, one group of two people, the centre of the palm and the pinkie of a hand of one human prop up close loach head, and four refer to close up and catch close loach neck to the dorsal fin position, make close loach can not see light, with the another hand that remainder is straight, another people will have the syringe angle at 45 of hormone and insert close loach muscle of back gently, and hormone is injected in the loach body.
Individual relative four large Chinese carps of parent loach are less than normal, and female loach injected dose is generally at 0.2mL, the male loach 0.1mL that reduces by half.Adopt disposable sterilized syringe (YZB/ state 0942-2006), gating specification 0.45mm * 15mm, brown needle stand.Each full packages can be beaten raun 5 tails, milter 10 tails.
Generally to be that ampere is bottled go into bulk powder for chorion and analog, adopts sodium chloride injection 0.9% (being 250mL, NaOH 2.25g) to dilute, and the dosage that every 0.2mL contains oxytocins is chorion 400IU and analog 1 μ g.
The production schedule can be carried out according to every year in the loach breeding farm, estimates required seed.Male and female are than generally being controlled at 1: 0.85～1: 1: 25.
Male and female parent loach is covered with the Lou hatching net cage of ovum net sheet above putting into after the injection combo, leaks ovum net sheet bottom and hatching net cage, adopts the fish nest to be separated by, and fish nest bamboo pole two ends have respectively fastened a common brick, and its spacing has about 15cm approximately.Every net cage is placed 300～400 groups, and the close loach effect time is at 9.5h～12h.The parent loach is through oestrusing, after the mating, about 24h of laying eggs, immediately close loach being taken out, and puts back to former close loach and cultivates the pond and continue cultivation.
The observation of fertilization rate, is promptly oestrused, mating, spawning peak at the close loach effect time, in time adopt glass pipette ovum to be sucked the culture dish of the Chi Shui that packs into, gather 30 pieces of ovum in each culture dish from the net cage wall, do 3 parallel, replenish a spot of Chi Shui every day, keeps the water level of culture dish more than 2/3.When insemination, count about 10h, observe the situation of fertilized egg, calculate fertilization rate.Emerge in hatching and to finish time counting, observe the situation of seed, calculate incubation rate.
Four, hatching:
The hatching net cage is used for hatching the loach ovum, can according to lay eggs what, tower is built one or several identical hatching net cages, so as to the hatching of loach ovum and fish nest branch mailbox, generally grasps at 150 group of one case about about 450,000.
In hatching process, net cage is carried 20cm on the whole, with a long bamboo pole, two ends respectively are the common brick of lastblock cube, the guiding principle rope of net cage bottom ties up on the bamboo pole, and it is the net cage bottom is stretching, in case come-up at the bottom of the net cage, the ordinary test net cage depth of water 30～50cm makes the net cage bottom be separated from basin bottom fully, every test net cage all adopts single-phase self priming pump 25WZB-18-0.45 to wash by water in the net cage lateral, bath or when changing water, all water pumps are imported and exported and all adopted 60 order tulles to be bundled into the tulle cage, cover on the intake-discharge pipe road junction, the interception dirt, increase the water yield, prevent to enter, to improve incubation rate as pests such as cyclopss.From fertilized egg to the 1d～2d of emerging.
Adopt single-phase self priming pump: 25WZB-18-0.45, successively add water to the test net cage, every net cage disposes an electromagnetic air pump ACO-006, and 10 aeration heads are arranged in the net cage two bottom sides.About every morning 6:00, adopt small-sized immersible pump QDX40-8-1.5, storage pond, holding pond water is changed water, change water 20～30cm, the dirt that deposits in the storage pond, holding pond of mainly draining at every turn.When changing water, the hatching net cage is scrubbed, is prevented that net cage from stick with paste mesh by dirt, with increase in the net cage with storage pond, holding pond in the water body exchange, the dirt under the brush is drained with water.
Water temperature is controlled between 25～30 ℃, and preference temperature is 28 ℃.After having changed water every day, adopt the 90% crystal chlorophos of 0.3～0.4mg/L to carry out the whole network case and splashes,, reduce other aquatiles and loach and fight for living space to kill cyclops in the net cage etc.
The hatching points for attention: when fry had just emerged, fry was in when lying on one's side the phase, reduced the stirring to water body in the case as far as possible, made fry absorb abundant yolk sac nutrition, built up health.
Send out the pool assurance on opportunity: utilize anatomical lens or microscope to examine absorption of fry yolk sac and disappearance, and the situation of the middle-size and small-size wheel animalcule of water body that ingests, when progressing into the flat trip phase from the seed phase of lying on one's side, in case the fat capsule forms, in the gill filament income gill cover, the pool under the seed immediately.Following pool water temperature is 23 ℃～28 ℃, does not differ with the water temperature of storage pond, holding pond≤3 ℃, generally needs 2d～3d from seeing seedling to the pool down.Therefore, the whole hatching of laying eggs will be experienced the time of 5d～6d.
Seed method of counting: in order to control the density that the loach seedling is put in a suitable place to breed, calculate the survival rate of seed rearing, will go out slightly counting before the pool under the loach seedling.Because during the firm membrane of fish-egg, total length is generally at 2.9mm, and is long to about about 5.0mm through the hatching of 2d, because the fish body is tenderer, adopts gravimetric method to hinder fish easily.Therefore, often adopt volumetric method.
On the pool side of pond, will hatch people of net cage and lift net cage one side, on one side water-sprinkling make on one side it dried up slightly, pull-up net cage gently is in case when the net cage pull-up, fry is attached on the net cage.Allow fry concentrate on one jiao in net cage, ladle out one flat glass of fry with a noggin then, be poured in the bucket that fills low amounts of water, while drag for number with dragging for the sea for a short time, number goes out the fry number of this 1 teacup.Fetch water in water ladle with noggin, calculate the cup number that noggin is fetched water in the water ladle, pull fry in the net cage then out a wooden dipper one wooden dipper, bit by bit net cage is shunk gently, allow in the net cage fry density as far as possible evenly, multiply by 1 glass fry number with the wooden dipper number of scooping out at last, multiply by the quantity that water ladle is contained noggin water again, hatch rough fry number in the net cage exactly.
Water floats to be ladled out in the hatching net cage during fry, must all be flat wooden dipper at every turn, otherwise more a little or a little less, just the result who calculates at last will differ several thousand tails.The bucket of the fortune loach on the following pool is squeezed into 1/3 tank water earlier, adds 2/3 fish then, can strengthen the survival rate of fortune fish like this.
Five, grow seedlings:
The seed rearing pond applies basal dressing 100kg at the preceding 3d that seed goes into the pond, and it is by fermentation, cow dung the making of becoming thoroughly decomposed.After seed goes into the pond, initial 15dd, the loach seedling of opening after the food is cultivated and rich water should be combined with the mode of throwing something and feeding, the water body that is about to cultivate the pond is cultivated into after the green, splash every day soya-bean milk 1 time, the soya-bean milk that consumption is worn into by per 100,000 tail seed 1kg soya beans is splashed, and replenishes new water during water level depression, and water quality is remained refreshing.If water quality overfertilization, water transparency, in time be changed 10～20cm Chi Shui less than 20cm and replenish new water, strive oxygen and raise the nose above water to breathe to reduce the aquatile seed, seriously cause hypoxia death.In the water of pond, produce the large-scale cladocera biochron, adopt the control of chlorophos killing method, dosage 0.3ppm.When treating that the loach seedling grows to the long 2cm of body, the planktons such as wheel animalcule, water flea of throwing something and feeding are aided with the loach manufactured feed, protein content 32～36% constantly again.The mode of throwing something and feeding is a meal more than a day, throws something and feeds the morning 1 time, throws something and feeds afternoon 2 times, and feeding volume is eaten up with loach seedling in the 1h and is advisable.Nurturing period pond water pH value remains between 7.6～7.8, and dissolved oxygen is more than 4mg/L.After 10d～15d, the fry body grows to 1.0cm～3cm and when the spray that the water surface rises slight, the time to reach the time-division pond, cultivate density and should be controlled in 80,000 tail/mus～100,000 tail/mus.
The secondary loach artificial breeding technology of the big squama of embodiment is hastened parturition 8 batches by above-mentioned implementation step and requirement May to mid-August, and 7200 groups of kind of the fishes of hastening parturition lay eggs 2,201 ten thousand, and average every group of fish lays eggs 3057, average fertilization rate 82%; Average incubation rate 35.3% goes out spray fry 8,850,000 tails altogether, and average every group of kind fish produces seedling 1229 tails; The pond rearing spray reaches 75% to the summer flower stage through the measuring and calculating survival rate, produces 2～3cm Changyu seedling 9,220,000 tails, and per 300 groups are produced seedling 38.4 ten thousand tails; Produce seedling May, to early October, seed size has reached 9～12cm; About body weight 12g.
This embodiment has just reproduced the secondary loach artificial breeding technology of big squama, for the secondary loach of big squama provides a kind of artificial breeding technique, easy to implement, practicality, workable practical technique, the fry quality of cultivating is good, the survival rate height, and can obtain good economic benefit, technical staff of the same trade all can be with reference to enforcement.
Claims (1)
1. the secondary loach artificial breeding technology of one kind big squama, in five stages that comprise preparation, accelerate the ripening, hasten parturition, hatch and grow seedlings, implementation step and main points are as follows:
(1) prepare:
Preparation to the required facilities and equipment of the secondary loach artificial breeding of big squama mainly contains cycle water pond, fountain square, leakage ovum net sheet, hatches net cage, the net cage that accelerates the ripening, oxygen increasing pump, water circulating pump, small pump, the pond of growing seedlings, the floating band of Eichhornia crassipes, oxytocins, kills cyclops medicament, fish nest and small power generation unit.
(2) accelerate the ripening:
Put into two net cages that accelerate the ripening respectively by male and female, adopt small pump the net cage water-filling that accelerates the ripening, each 1 time sooner or later, each 2～3h, behind 2～3d, close loach can be hastened parturition.
(3) hasten parturition:
Adopt the hormones more than two kinds or two to carry out intramuscular injection, male and female are than generally being controlled at 1: 0.85～1: 1: 25.
(4) hatching:
Tower is built one or several identical hatching net cages, so as to loach ovum and the hatching of fish nest branch mailbox, generally grasps at 150 group of one case about about 450,000.
(5) grow seedlings:
In the gill filament income gill cover, cultivate on the following pool, cultivates the pond and will carry out basal dressing, rich water and feedstuff feeding, additional new water, the oxygenation of washing by water, kill large-scale hydrobiological work, when seed fetches water when colored, reaches the time-division pond and carry out the summer flower breeding phase.
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| CN102218133A (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2011-10-19 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Injection oxytocin for loach |
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| CN102805046A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2012-12-05 | 黄栊庆 | Night culture method of loach using lamplight |
| CN103109768A (en) * | 2013-03-10 | 2013-05-22 | 通化师范学院 | Efficient industrialized breeding method for northeast loach |
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| CN102218133A (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2011-10-19 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Injection oxytocin for loach |
| CN102405865A (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2012-04-11 | 苏州大学 | Method for culturing loach fry into summer fry |
| CN102805046A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2012-12-05 | 黄栊庆 | Night culture method of loach using lamplight |
| CN103109768A (en) * | 2013-03-10 | 2013-05-22 | 通化师范学院 | Efficient industrialized breeding method for northeast loach |
| CN103109768B (en) * | 2013-03-10 | 2014-06-04 | 通化师范学院 | Efficient industrialized breeding method for northeast loach |
| CN103828750B (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-09-23 | 淮阴师范学院 | The breeding method of loach prelarva |
| CN103828750A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-06-04 | 淮阴师范学院 | Loach fry cultivation method |
| CN103875569B (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2016-01-20 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of method being obtained male loach at high proportion by interspecific cross |
| CN103875569A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-06-25 | 华中农业大学 | Method for obtaining high-proportion male loaches through interspecies cross |
| CN103918594A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-07-16 | 娄志 | Loach breeding method |
| CN104041437A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-09-17 | 郎溪县兴贵水产品养殖家庭农场 | Loach fry breeding method |
| CN104041437B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-05-25 | 郎溪县兴贵水产品养殖家庭农场 | A kind of method for breeding of loach seedling |
| CN104054601A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2014-09-24 | 怀远县渔业科技发展有限责任公司 | Breeding method for paramisgurnus dabryanus parent loaches for hybridization |
| CN104396819A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-03-11 | 余仁忠 | Method for culturing loach in net cages |
| CN105532533A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-05-04 | 太和县旭升水产养殖有限公司 | Fry cultivating method for loaches |
| CN105660484A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-06-15 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | High-yield breeding method of loach |
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