CN102031529A - 用于制造过程的防腐蚀添加剂,其制备方法及其用途 - Google Patents

用于制造过程的防腐蚀添加剂,其制备方法及其用途 Download PDF

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CN102031529A
CN102031529A CN2010105021646A CN201010502164A CN102031529A CN 102031529 A CN102031529 A CN 102031529A CN 2010105021646 A CN2010105021646 A CN 2010105021646A CN 201010502164 A CN201010502164 A CN 201010502164A CN 102031529 A CN102031529 A CN 102031529A
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aluminium
carboxylic acid
acid anhydride
anticorrosive additive
aluminium alloy
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CN102031529B (zh
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桑德拉·雷蒙施托尔
安克·比尔奥尔
赖因哈德·施蒂尔
尔萨贝尔·兰格
戴维·拉雷姆
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Lanxess Deutschland GmbH
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Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于制造过程的防腐蚀添加剂，其制备方法及其用途。本发明涉及在制造过程中用于铝和/或铝合金的防腐蚀添加剂，包括至少一种三唑以及至少一种亚烷基二醇与至少一种羧酸酐的反应产物；涉及它们的一种制备方法并且涉及它们用于铝和/或铝合金的防腐蚀的用途。

Description

用于制造过程的防腐蚀添加剂,其制备方法及其用途
本发明涉及用于制造过程的新颖的防腐蚀添加剂，它们包括至少一种三唑以及至少一种亚烷基二醇与至少一种羧酸酐的反应产物；涉及它们的一种制备方法并且涉及它们用于铝和/或铝合金的防腐蚀的用途。 
市场上可得到用于铝的各种各样的不同防腐蚀添加剂(腐蚀抑制剂)。这些主要是含硅的防腐蚀添加剂，例如硅酸四乙酯和偏硅酸钠。然而，特别是在含硅酸盐的化合物的情况下，在后续的表面处理中出现了多个问题。 
现今使用的含磷的防腐蚀添加剂是，例如聚氧乙烯油烯基醚磷酸酯类和/或1-羟基乙烷-1，1-二膦酸。由于磷受到严重的价格波动，所以令人希望的是用同等有效但不及它昂贵的替代方案代替它。 
用于铝的适当的防腐蚀添加剂同样是长链(二)羧酸类。例如，EP-A 0439911披露了羧酸类在液体醇类中的腐蚀抑制作用。这些混合物还可以包括例如三唑类作为另外的组分，参见EP-A 1598407和WO 00/11102；或其他硅烷类，参见EP 0739966A1。 
然而，这些混合物的一个缺点在于它们具有差的乳化性。 
在EP 816467B1中，含羟基的芳香族一元羧酸类的以及具有5至12个碳原子的直链和支链的脂肪族一元羧酸类的碱金属盐、铵盐以及胺盐的多种混合物被用作防冻浓缩物中的腐蚀抑制剂。这些脂肪族一元羧酸还可 以包含多个醚氧原子或羰基官能团作为另外的官能团。然而，它们的作用显著地比上述替代方案的作用更差，也与乳化性有关。 
Watanabe et al.在J.Oleo Sci，56(9)，pp.463-469(2007)中以及在J.OleoSci，57(1)，pp.1-10(2008)中特别报道了具有良好的防腐蚀特性以及硬水稳定性的一种马来酸酐衍生的聚-THF，但是这些混合物也具有低的效率。 
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供用于制造过程的不含磷和硅的防腐蚀添加剂，它们制备起来是简单且不昂贵的、并且至少与要被替换的含磷和硅的试剂一样有效。此外，该防腐蚀添加剂应该是储存稳定的、具有良好的乳化性并且可溶于水。 
这个目的是通过该发明的多种防腐蚀添加剂而得以实现，这些防腐蚀添加剂包括至少一种三唑以及至少一种亚烷基二醇与至少一种羧酸酐的反应产物。 
本发明提供了用于制造过程的多种防腐蚀添加剂，它们包括至少一种三唑(优选甲苯基和/或苯并三唑)、以及至少一种亚烷基二醇与至少一种羧酸酐的反应产物。 
本发明的背景下的亚烷基二醇类优选是在分子中具有3至24个碳原子的亚烷基二醇(C3-C24-亚烷基二醇)。给予特别优选的是三乙二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇以及二缩三丙二醇。 
这些是商业产品。 
本发明的背景下的羧酸酐类优选是环状的、饱和的、不饱和的和/或芳香族的、任选取代的C4-C20-羧酸酐。 
特别优选的羧酸酐是马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、琥珀酸酐和/或戊二酸酐。 
本发明的背景下的取代基是，例如C1-C16-烷基基团或取代的或未取代的C6-C18芳基基团。 
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中，这些防腐蚀添加剂包括三乙二醇与马来酸酐的反应产物。 
这些是商业产品。 
亚烷基二醇比上羧酸酐之比优选是0.7∶2至1.3∶2。 
三唑比上亚烷基二醇与羧酸酐的反应产物之比优选是1∶10至1∶2。 
本发明中的背景下的反应产物是至少一种亚烷基二醇与至少一种羧酸酐的反应产物，它可以通过本领域的技术人员熟悉的方法进行制备。例如，一种可能的制备是根据US-A 2698856。该专利描述了125℃温度下在实验室规模上经由一锅合成法制备二马来酸-三乙二醇衍生物。在反应过程中，温度上升至160℃，这展示了该反应的高放热性。因此这个方法不适用于工业规模的操作。 
在DE 3824447A1和EP A 0249148中，同样地使一种1，2-烷二醇与一种羧酸酐经由一锅合成法进行反应。为此目的，这些反应物被溶解于甲苯中并接着在回流下煮沸。这些反应物比上甲苯的比率大约是1比1。 
在涉及工业规模的合成时大大更优选的是亚烷基二醇与至少一种羧酸酐在至少60℃但最高100℃的温度下不使用溶剂的反应。在高于100℃的温度下，出现太多反应热，这使得在工业规模合成中的反应控制大大复杂化、或者甚至使之不可能。在使用一种溶剂的情况下，这必须在该反应的终点被除去并且该产品必须被干燥，这会引起经济生存力上的可观的缺点。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，初始地装入该羧酸酐并熔化，然后加入亚烷基二醇，并且将该反应产物在80℃温度下维持一会以完成该反应。然而，相反顺序的添加也是有可能的，也可以是同时的配量添加。 
在本发明的背景下，术语“制造过程”涵盖了根据DIN 8580的所有过程，例如成型、切割、并接以及涂覆。另外涵盖的还有其他应用领域、例如维护或在家用过程，连同工业制造的过程。另外包括的是在根据ISO6743的具有含水量的润滑剂中的用途。 
本发明的背景下的金属优选是铝和/或铝合金。然而，本发明的用于制造过程的防腐蚀添加剂也可用于轻金属，例如镁和钛，以及相应的合金。 
此外，本发明提供一种制备本发明的防腐蚀添加剂的方法，根据该方法，首先通过以下二者之一制备了亚烷基二醇与至少一种羧酸酐的反应产物： 
a)熔化该羧酸酐，然后在最低60℃并且最高100℃的温度下加入亚烷基二醇，或者 
b)使该羧酸酐与亚烷基二醇在最低60℃并且最高100℃的温度下进行反应， 
然后向该反应产物中加入三唑和任选地另外的添加剂。 
该发明的防腐蚀添加剂还可以包括另外的组分，例如其他不含磷和硅的防腐蚀剂、例如磺酸酯类、例如 
Figure BSA00000297099100051
RC 4810。所用的组分另外可以是： 
由美国石油学会(API)所定义的I至V组的油、脂肪酸类例如妥尔油脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯类、烷基苯磺酸类、烷醇胺类如乙醇胺、烷基胺类例如三乙胺、脂肪酸酰胺类、甘油三酯类、硫化的脂肪酸酯类和/或硫化的烯烃类、二巯基噻二唑衍生物类、氨基甲酸酯类、聚乙二醇醚类、醇乙氧基化物类、醚羧酸类、乙二醇类/乙二醇醚类例如丁基二甘醇、杀生物剂类、消泡剂类、乳化剂类、表面活性剂类、脂肪醇类。 
此外，本发明进一步提供了一种用于保护铝和/或铝合金免于腐蚀的方法，根据该方法将上述本发明的防腐蚀添加剂(包括至少一种三唑以及至少一种C3-C24-亚烷基二醇与至少一种羧酸酐的反应产物)施加于铝和/或铝合金。关于本发明的防腐蚀添加剂，参考本申请中的以上陈述。 
这种施加可以通过所有通常的施用方法来完成，例如浸渍、喷雾等等。 
因此，本发明进一步提供了本发明的防腐蚀添加剂用于保护铝和/铝合金的用途。这些合金包括纯铝、铸造和锻造的合金、以及铝青铜合金，如例如在DIN EN 576、DIN 1706、DIN EN 573以及DIN 1982中所描述的。 
通过以下实例对本发明进行详细地说明，但是这些实例没有任何限制作用。 
实例 
除非另外指出，否则所有份数和百分数是基于重量。 
a)马来酸酐与三乙二醇的反应产物(MATEG衍生物)的制备 
初始地用98.1g(1.0mol)的熔化的(m.p.＝56℃)马来酸酐装载一个四口瓶。向该熔化的马来酸酐中逐滴加入75.24g(0.501mol)的三乙二醇。为了实现几乎完全的转化，首先确定60℃的温度持续3小时，然后是80℃持续3小时。 
b)一种包含a)的配制品的生产 
按照下表中列出的顺序将按重量计0.5％的以上制备的反应产物(MATEG衍生物)配制成以下混合物。这些量值是以按重量计的％为单位。
Figure BSA00000297099100061
这些缩写的定义如下： 
Nynas T 22＝矿物油，自Nynas Naphthenics AB可获得 
Synative TM ES EHO(Edenor EHO)＝乙基己基油酸酯，自CognisGmbH可获得 
Figure BSA00000297099100072
RC 4810＝磺酸酯，自Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH可获得 
MEA＝一乙醇胺，自Firma BASF AG可获得 
TEA＝三乙醇胺，自obtainable from BASF AG可获得 
Rewocoros AC 101＝一种改性的脂肪酸烷基醇酰胺的溶液，自EvonikIndustries AG可获得 
TOFA＝妥尔油馏出物，自Gustav Heess GmbH可获得 
Figure BSA00000297099100073
RC 5800＝甲苯基三唑钠盐的50％钠溶液，自Rhein ChemieRheinau GmbH可获得 
Figure BSA00000297099100081
RC 2415＝硫化的脂肪酸酯，自Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH可获得 
Figure BSA00000297099100082
RC 2317＝硫化的脂肪酸酯，自Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH可获得 
Emulsogen M＝基于油烯基醇/鲸蜡醇的具有5mol的EO(环氧乙烷)的聚乙二醇醚，自Clariant可获得 
Lutensol XL 80＝具有8mol EO的C10-格尔伯特醇乙氧基化物，自BASF AG可获得 
Emulsogen COL 100＝具有10mol环氧乙烷(EO)的醚羧酸，自Clariant可获得 
BDG＝丁基二甘醇，自BASF AG可获得 
Cublen K 60＝1-羟基乙烷-1，1-二膦酸，自Zschimmer & Schwarz可获得 
TEOS＝硅酸四乙酯 
c)用铝板在乳液中进行的防腐蚀试验 
将b)中制备的5％的配制品在搅拌下乳化在水中。 
为了评估防腐蚀作用，将以下铝板1至3 
1.合金6016 
2.合金7075以及 
3.合金5754 
放置在由配制品A至D制备的乳液中并且于室温下在该乳液中储存3天之后关于其腐蚀进行视觉地评估。 
评估结果编辑在以下表中。 
实例A证明由本发明的防腐蚀添加剂制备的这些乳液具有显著的防腐蚀效果。 
本发明的混合物与现有技术中使用的含硅或磷的乳液是可相比的，并且另外具有以下优点，即在下游的处理操作中(如电涂以及其他涂覆方法)没有不利的影响出现，并且本发明的用于制造过程的防腐蚀添加剂是容易获得的。 

Claims (10)

1.在制造过程中用于铝和/或铝合金的防腐蚀添加剂，包括至少一种三唑以及至少一种亚烷基二醇与至少一种羧酸酐的反应产物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的在制造过程中用于铝和/或铝合金的防腐蚀添加剂，其特征在于其中的这些亚烷基二醇是C3-C24-亚烷基二醇。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的在制造过程中用于铝和/或铝合金的防腐蚀添加剂，其特征在于存在的这些羧酸酐是环状的、饱和的、不饱和的和/或芳香族的、任选取代的C4-C20-羧酸酐。
4.根据任何权利要求1至3中任一项所述的在制造过程中用于铝和/或铝合金的防腐蚀添加剂，其特征在于其中的这些羧酸酐是马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、琥珀酸酐和/或戊二酸酐。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的一项或多项所述的在制造过程中用于铝和/或铝合金的防腐蚀添加剂，其特征在于该亚烷基二醇是三乙二醇，并且该羧酸酐是马来酸酐。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的一项或多项所述的在制造过程中用于铝和/或铝合金的防腐蚀添加剂，其特征在于该三唑是甲苯基-和/或苯并三唑。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的一项或多项所述的在制造过程中用于铝和/或铝合金的防腐蚀添加剂，其特征在于亚烷基二醇比上羧酸酐之比为0.7∶2至1.3∶2，三唑比上亚烷基二醇与羧酸酐的反应产物之比为1∶10至1∶2。
8.用于制备根据权利要求1至7中的一项或多项所述的在制造过程中用于铝和/或铝合金的防腐蚀添加剂的方法，其特征在于首先通过以下二者之一来制备亚烷基二醇与至少一种羧酸酐的反应产物：
a)熔化该羧酸酐，然后加入在至少60℃的温度下加入亚烷基二醇，或
b)使该羧酸酐与亚烷基二醇在至少60℃的温度下进行反应，并然后向该反应产物中加入三唑以及任选地另外的组分。
9.用于保护铝和/或铝合金免于腐蚀的方法，其特征在于将根据权利要求1至7中的一项或多项所述的防腐蚀添加剂施加于铝和/或铝合金。
10.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的防腐蚀添加剂用于铝和/或铝合金的保护的用途。
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