CN102016153B - 对带条带 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种对带条带(20),所述对带条带适合于使用在地毯纱线热定形机器的热定形管道中。所述条带(20)由聚苯硫醚(PPS)纱线构造。对带条带(20)可以形成为具有斜纹组织构造的单层织物纤维。所述条带(20)还可以包括交叉缝式图案。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体涉及地毯纱线的热定形,并且具体地,涉及在聚酯地毯纱线的连续热定形中使用的对带条带(counterband tape)。
背景技术
在地毯纱线的热定形中,纱线典型地放置在不锈钢传送带上并且纺织产品放置在纱线的顶部上以将纱线保持在合适位置。这种纺织产品称为对带条带。连续地毯纱线热定形机器在市场上可获得并且一个供应商是法国牟罗兹的Superba S.A。一些对带条带先前已经由市场上可从DuPont公司名下品牌NOMEX(间位芳香族聚酸胺)获得的材料聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺(polymetaphenylene isophthalamide)制成的纱线生产。在用于在Superba品牌机器上热定形纱线的地毯纱线生产工业中,由于其高的耐热性,NOMEX(间位芳香族聚酸胺纤维可从DuPont公司获得)是选择用于生产对带条带的原材料。当用于条带应用的工作温度增加时,优选聚合物选择是可以抵抗高温而不因热和湿度的结合而造成热和水解降解的聚合物。在工业中当前使用的对带条带通常由聚酯和NOMEX纱线制成。存在在有限的现场试验中观察到的KEVLAR和TECHNORA(对位芳香族聚酰胺)的几个实例。由于可应用在Superba机器上的加热管道中的宽范围的工作温度,对带条带的寿命高度地依赖于应用中的工作温度。当加热管道被设置在较低的工作温度处时,对带条带持续较长时间。在工作温度的低端处,在用具有比NOMEX低的耐热属性的不同类型聚合物制造的对带条带的选择中,终端用户还有更多选择。然而,随着管道工作温度范围增加,对带条带的预期寿命迅速恶化。热定形装备制造商典型地推荐NOMEX的对带条带,在管道温度的最高范围处用于热定形聚酯(PET,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)纱线。如在各种现场试验中所观察的,在管道温度设定的最高端处,NOMEX的对带条带寿命被极大地限制。由于在较高管道温度处的水解破坏,间位芳香族聚酰胺聚合物以加快的速率降解。在使用几星期后,在地毯纱线热定形机器中的标准循环过程中,发现聚合物降解和重量损失的程度明显并且致使对带条带在执行热和湿度传递中无效。
例如,US 2008/0005877A1公开了纱线热定形系统,包括由疏水纤维织物以开口网眼模式形成的对带条带,用于增加通过对带条带的热定形蒸汽的流量。疏水纤维由聚酯或者其它聚合物材料制成并且在高温下经历降解。
从US5464685A中已知,在纺织干燥机中,通过使用由聚苯硫醚纱线纺织的织物,用于运输纺织物的传送带的抗拉强度、刚度和形状可以被保持延长的周期。而且,从WO 2004/037683 A2已知,聚苯硫醚还可以被使用以改善在工业烘炉中的传送带的耐热性。然而,全部这些传送带是由单丝制成并且具有开口网眼结构。它们不适合用作在热定形管道中的对带条带。
对于具有较低工作温度材料的尼龙地毯纱线,NOMEX品牌材料令人满意地实现在对带条带中的应用。然而,用于聚酯的热定形温度(也就是,在管道部分中为145℃)比用于尼龙的热定形温度高,并且如上所述,在较高工作温度下NOMEX材料不耐久。因而,需要对带条带,用于在地毯纱线的连续热定形中使用,纱线在适合用于聚酯纱线的较高温度处被热定形。还需要用于具有在热定形应用中优选的表面纹理的条带。
发明内容
本发明通过提供根据独立权利要求1和5的对带条带和根据独立权利要求6和10的地毯纱线热定形系统满足上述需要。优选实施方式在从属权利要求中呈现。
本发明的核心内容包括如下:
对带条带由聚苯硫醚(PPS)纱线构造。对带条带可以被形成为具有斜纹组织构造的单层织物纤维。所述条带可以包括交叉缝式图案。
附图说明
本发明在附图中图示,其中相同附图标记在所有附图中指示相同或者类似的零件,其中:
图1A是根据本发明的连续地毯纱线热定形机器的实施方式的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的对带条带的实施方式的部分的透视图;
图3是用于具有8-端重复的2/2山形斜纹组织纺织图;和
图4是用于具有8-端重复的2/2交叉缝式斜纹组织纺织图。
具体实施方式
在图1A中,显示连续地毯纱线热定形系统。通过应用在地毯纱线热定形系统10的加热管道13中的热量和饱和蒸汽,叠层的和缠绕的地毯纱线的捻绕结构被永久定形在纱线中。热定形系统10通过装备有绕线部件的线轴架连续进给。多排地毯纱线从线轴架展开并且通过螺旋吐线头11松散地以平行椭圆形螺线交叉地放置在穿孔的不锈钢环形传送带上。不锈钢传送带布置在环形环路中并且传送纱线通过热定形管道13。不锈钢传送带具有支撑表面,典型地具有大约十二英寸的宽度,并且用于这个尺寸带的典型的对带条带宽度大约为178mm或七英寸。
首先,在前蒸汽机12中处理纱线。前蒸汽机12在标准大气压下操作,并且将热和湿度传输进入纱线,于是能够调节和膨胀纱线。然后,羊毛在进入增压的热定形管道13之前进入冷却器(未示出)。
环形不锈钢传送带将纱线传送进入增压的热定形蒸汽管道13。在加热管道13中的高的热量和湿度永久定形纱线的捻绕结构。在加热管道13的入口和出口端处,小矩形开口或者槽能够使用纱线进入腔室。加热管道13用过热蒸汽增压至5巴(大气压力)。通过PLC16、温度传感器和控制器,精确的温度控制被保持在加热管道中。在热定形管道13中,在压力下的纯饱和蒸汽,在高温(达到150℃)下将热冲击输送给纱线,导致永久定形纤维和纱线的卷曲捻绕结构、体积和分子结构。为防止蒸汽和热损失,在加热管道13的进出点处使用还称为拉紧头的特别设计的轧辊组件。为了防止在辊隙处松散地保持的纱线的滑动,在顶部上提供条带罩,用于将纱线层夹在不锈钢带的顶表面和条带罩之间。因而,当被输送通过地毯纱线热定形机器10的热定形管道13时,本发明的对带条带或者条带罩放置在纱线之上以将它们保持在不锈钢带上的合适位置中。在热定形管道13的出口端处,纱线在涡轮冷却腔室14中被迅速地冷却,降低纱线温度40至50℃。在最后阶段,收集器15收集永久热定形纱线。
加热管道13的温度设定保持在适合于热定形纱线构成的水平处。热定形装备10的生产提供用于各种合成物和自然纤维的设定点。
当对带条带从管道13退出时,由于与加热管道13内的过热蒸汽相互作用变热变湿。所述条带然后在冷却腔室14中迅速地冷却,并且在比环境空气温度热的温度下使热定形机器10退出。在机器循环的第二半部中,在重新进入管道13之前接近环境温度。对带条带连续地经历加热循环,温度在加热管道13设定点和环境温度附近之间波动。在加热循环之间和加热循环中,对带条带一直是湿的。
为了抵抗具有10.15mPa(70psi)水蒸汽的加热管道13的高温(145℃)的水解破坏,聚苯硫醚(PPS)被选择用于本发明的条带,这是由于其在地毯纱线热定形应用的过热条件下的化学惰性和抗水解性。PPS是线性的、无机的耐热聚合物,工作温度达到190℃(低于间位芳香族聚酰胺的工作温度)。与间位芳香族聚酰胺相比较,PPS还具有极好的蒸汽耐热性(在同时具有热度和湿度的情况下),并且在160℃和14.21mPa(98psi)条件下在高压釜中保持90%强度多于144天。
对带条带还被设计以具有长度和宽度尺寸,以按照O.E.M需要的技术规格配合热定形机器(诸如Superba机器)。热定形机器依靠如下几个设计因素被设计用于各种宽度和长度,也就是,纱线细度、纱线类型、线轴架尺寸和机器的速度和机器的世代(年代)。对带条带被生产到热定形管道上需要的要求宽度。由终端用户结合(加固)以后,所述条带以环形环路应用在热定形机器中。通常在美国地毯纱线工业使用的一些宽度范围包括:76mm;178mm;209mm和248mm。其它宽度还可以适合用于不同的应用和热定形机器。
对带条带厚度典型范围从1mm至2mm。所述条带的厚度指示其面积质量密度(质量/单位面积,比较平面结构使用),其热容量和透气性(对空气或者蒸汽的渗透性)。较厚的对带条带较沉,可以吸收更多热量和湿度,较少可渗透用于蒸汽传递,并且要求更多能量以在热定形线上传送。所述条带应可被压缩至一定程度,以使得可以通过辊隙并且在加热管道中的进出点处形成密封。当辊隙压力被释放时,所述条带应能够恢复其厚度。
对带条带在热度和湿度下,贯穿其生命周期在高热度和环境室温之间的循环中连续地工作。期望从所述条带的安装时刻到所述条带的寿命终点,所述条带一直保持高的尺寸稳定性。任何条带尺寸的改变直接冲击所述条带的运行能力,从而缩短对带条带的使用寿命。为最小化运行条件(高湿度和热度)对所述条带的物理尺寸的相反影响,所述条带在加热管道中经历的运行温度之上被预定热定形(在被应用之前)好。聚合物在热定形过程中的热固定承担如下目标:(a)移除在纺织物中形成的残余应力;(b)促进经纱线和纬纱线之间的经纬屈曲变换;(c)允许聚合物热收缩(热稳定性);和(d)设置条带结构以获得尺寸稳定性。
对带条带作为环形带工作并且在线性路径中移动。不应向一旁摆动或者移动偏移轨道,由于这将导致所述条带碰撞障碍物或者在机器中卡住。所述条带在低的所施加的拉伸负荷下运行。在其返回路径上,所施加的负荷甚至更小。为了促进所述条带更易寻迹(特别在低的所施加的负荷条件下),所述条带表面用深的对角线沟槽构造,所述对角线沟槽构造在交替方向上沿着所述条带的宽度以等间距间隔成锯齿形。这种表面类型是破裂的斜纹组织的变形,并且在纺织术语中还称为交叉缝式图案或者山形斜纹图案。这种有纹理的表面非常有助于在对带条带和松散放置在不锈钢穿孔传送带上的纱线之间的摩擦力的均匀分布。由于对角线斜纹图案的翻转,对带条带和在其上放置的纱线之间的滑动被最小化。
转到图2,具有交叉缝式图案的平衡的2/2破斜纹组织的示例被图示。条带20具有在由箭头23标明的机器方向上定向的五行22a、22b、22c、22d和22e。所述行可以为大约一英寸或者25.4mm宽。如所示,相邻的行22a和22b具有铰合线24a-e,其角度相等并且以锯齿形式彼此相对。所述图案还称为人字形(herringbone)。基于本公开内容,对本领域普通技术人员显而易见,相似类型的表面纹理也可以使用其它类型组织来纺织,例如,破斜纹组织、席纹组织。也可以考虑斜纹组织的替代组织,也就是,平纹组织、经或纬条形组织。基于本公开内容,对本领域普通技术人员显而易见,其它组织图案也可以是适合的。
本发明的对带条带与现存的对带条带相比具有很多优势,包括性能更高、寿命更长和提高在热定形管道中的生产率。最明显改善体现在最高设定点温度处在地毯纱线热定形机器中加工聚酯纱线的应用中。
本发明的高温聚苯硫醚(PPS)平织物的对带条带具有高耐温性、高拉伸模量,并且可以在湿或者干的条件下工作。PPS是无机聚合物,其抵抗水解(在湿条件下加热)破坏并且在整个条带生命周期过程中保持其物理属性。PPS在市场上可从名为RYTON的品牌获得。而且,本发明的条带的交叉缝式纺织物表面提供在更长的加热管道中的极好的纱线牵引。
如图3和4所示,用于本发明的对带条带的纺织结构设计包括由经纬纱线制成的纺织物,所述纺织物使用斜纹组织图案以平衡的构造交错。作为双轴织物的两个主要组成部分的经、纬纱线可以具有适合于纺织几何形状的线质量密度和适于应用的织物密度。
斜纹组织图案特征在于横跨织物的表面和背面对角线地延伸的肋/沟槽。2/2斜纹组织织物通过2盖2纱线的纱线浮点(也就是,在纱线交迭时每根经纬、纱线浮在两端之上)表示。
在平斜纹织物中,对角线斜纹线从右到左或者从左到右延伸,并且保持相同方向。根据对角线斜纹线方向,斜纹组织被限定为左旋斜纹组织或者右旋斜纹组织。在相反的斜纹组织中,然而,在一些固定的间隔以后,斜纹对角线反复地翻转。斜纹线的连续翻转产生锯齿形图案,在对角线交叉处具有尖锐的山形交叉部。当交叉斜纹线在一点处相遇时,该组织被分类为山形斜纹组织(图3),并且如果在相遇点处交叉斜纹线被偏置,则该组织被分类为交叉缝式斜纹组织(图4)。
转到图3,单位格:8-端纺织单位格由经纱W1至W8和纬纱S1至S4的交织表示。符号“X”表示经纱线可见或者在织物的表面上位于纬纱线之上。空白格表示纬纱线可见或者在织物的表面上位于经纱线之上。通过对在单位格中的X或者空格进行分组,可容易地辨别两个纱线的浮点。为实现由单位格限定的组织图案的几何形状,必须遵循如图3所给出的拉拔经纱端的顺序(拉拔次序)和提升综框的顺序(提升次序)。
拉拔次序:单位格以下显示的框表示经纱端在综丝(综框)中拉拔顺序。该顺序以在综框#1(H1)中拉拔第一经纱端W1开始。第二经纱端W2被拉拔通过在综框#2(H2)上的综丝。第三W3和第四W4经纱端被分别地拉拔通过H3和H4。第五经纱端W5被拉拔通过综框#2(H2);第六经纱端W6被拉拔通过综框#1(H1);第七经纱端W7被拉拔通过综框#4(H4);并且第八经纱端W8被拉拔通过综框#3(H3)。每八个端重复相同的拉拔顺序。
提升次序:在右侧上的小框表示当纬纱(pick)被插入时提升通丝所必须被遵循的顺序。
当第一纬纱S1插入时,综框H1和H4必须是‘向上’(也就是,这些形成上梭口)和综框H2和H3必须是‘向下’(也就是,这些形成下梭口)。
当第二纬纱S2插入时,综框H1和H2必须是在‘向上’位置并且综框H3和H4必须‘向下’。
当第三纬纱S3插入时,综框H2和H3必须在‘向上’位置并且综框H1和H4必须是‘向下’。
当第四纬纱S4插入时,综框H3和H4必须在‘向上’位置并且综框H1和H2必须是‘向下’。
转到图4,单位格:用于交叉缝式的单位格几何形状稍微地不同于山形斜纹组织单位格的几何形状。两个组织设计的第一半部相当类似。然而,在两个设计之间,经纱端W5-W8和纬纱端S1-S4之间的交织不同。
在两个图案中使用的提升次序相同,并且因此凸轮图案和提升顺序保持相同。然而,在拉拔次序中,经纱端W5-W8被不同地拉拔,导致组织图案不同。
为实现如由单位格限定的组织图案几何形状,必须遵循图4中给出的拉拔经线端的顺序(拉拔次序)和提升综框的顺序(提升次序)。
对带条带被典型地接合用于环形使用,并且在长度和宽度之间具有大于100∶1的纵横比。典型地,所述条带是单层窄平织物。为了在热循环过程中允许用于快速热量和湿度吸收和在冷却过程中快速散失,平面纺织组件必须是可渗透的和重量轻的。为了允许在管道中围绕滑轮和围绕用于导向机构的偏转辊子的容易的弯曲,对带条带应具有低的弯曲刚度。
作为上述纺织物的对带条带的替代物,无纺织物的对带条带可以构造如下。足够强度和重量的纺织加强部件由聚苯硫醚经、纬纱线构造。接下来,聚苯硫醚短纤维通过机械缠结(也就是,针刺过程)均匀地连接到纺织加固的两个表面。由此形成的纤维组件还称为无纺织物。无纺织物组件然后被热定形,用于增加其尺寸稳定性。热定形过程使用热/IR加热和机械力以实现期望的结果。
无纺组件然后可以砑光或者加压以实现目标的厚度和密实度,作为适于符合用于最终用途的需求。
如下表格提供由PPS纤维制成的纺织的对带条带的示例。在表格中标出的条带属性仅仅是示意性的,而对带条带的规格可以从用于最佳性能的标出值变化。
虽然已经结合某些实施方式描述本发明,不是意图将本发明的范围限制到所提出的特殊形式,而是,相反地,意图覆盖可以被包括在由所附的权利要求限定的本发明的范围内的这种替代物、变型和等效物。
Claims (6)
1.一种在连续地毯纱线热定形系统(10)的热定形管道(13)中使用的对带条带(20),所述对带条带(20)包括由多个经纱线和多个纬纱线形成的纤维网,其特征在于,所述经纱线和纬纱线包括聚苯硫醚,所述纬纱线与所述经纱线纺织成斜纹组织图案、席纹组织图案、经条形组织图案或纬条形组织图案,其中,所述纬纱线与所述经纱线纺织以形成在机器方向上设置的多个行(22a,22b,22c,22d,22e),所述行(22a,22b,22c,22d,22e)具有形成在其中的多个对角线沟槽(24a,24b,24c,24d,24e),第一行(22a,22c,22e)的对角线沟槽(24a,24c,24e)被定向成与相邻行(22b,22d)的沟槽(24b,24d)成相等和相反的角度,以形成锯齿形图案。
2.根据权利要求1所述的对带条带(20),其中,所述经纱线和纬纱线以2/2山形斜纹组织进行纺织。
3.根据权利要求1所述的对带条带(20),其中,所述经纱线和纬纱线以2/2交叉缝式斜纹组织进行纺织。
4.一种地毯纱线热定形系统(10),包括:
热定形管道(13);
传送带,用于通过热定形管道(13)传送多个地毯纱线,所述传送带沿着在机器方向上布置的传送路径通过热定形管道(13)设置;和
对带条带(20),所述对带条带(20)设定尺寸以与多个地毯纱线交叠,以当纱线被传送通过热定形管道(13)时将纱线保持在合适位置中,所述对带条带(20)包括由多个经纱线和多个纬纱线形成的纤维网,其特征在于,所述经纱线和纬纱线包括聚苯硫醚,所述纬纱线与所述经纱线纺织成斜纹组织图案、席纹组织图案、经条形组织图案或纬条形组织图案,其中,所述经纱线和纬纱线被纺织以形成在机器方向上设置的多个行(22a,22b,22c,22d,22e),所述行(22a,22b,22c,22d,22e)具有形成在其中的多个对角线沟槽(24a,24b,24c,24d,24e),第一行(22a,22c,22e)的对角线沟槽(24a,24c,24e)被定向成与相邻行(22b,22d)的沟槽(24b,24d)相等和相反的角度,以形成锯齿形图案。
5.根据权利要求4所述的地毯纱线热定形系统(10),其中,所述经纱线和纬纱线以2/2山形斜纹组织进行纺织。
6.根据权利要求4所述的地毯纱线热定形系统(10),其中,所述经纱线和纬纱线以2/2交叉缝式斜纹组织进行纺织。
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US20040166282A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 | 2004-08-26 | Kingsford Howard A. | Woven fastener products |
JP4365723B2 (ja) | 2004-04-14 | 2009-11-18 | 日本フイルコン株式会社 | 水平ベルトフィルタ用ファブリック |
FR2870222B1 (fr) | 2004-05-11 | 2006-08-11 | E Bourgeois Soc Par Actions Si | Bande transporteuse en fils de para-aramide |
JP4837264B2 (ja) | 2004-07-14 | 2011-12-14 | ヤマウチ株式会社 | 熱プレス用クッション材 |
KR20070039540A (ko) | 2004-07-20 | 2007-04-12 | 페더랄-모굴 월드 와이드, 인코포레이티드 | 자동-말림 슬리브 |
JP4400925B2 (ja) | 2004-08-23 | 2010-01-20 | 日本フイルコン株式会社 | 工業用二層織物 |
JP4819477B2 (ja) | 2005-10-31 | 2011-11-24 | 日本フイルコン株式会社 | 工業用二層織物 |
US20070161309A1 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2007-07-12 | David Villeneuve | Nonwoven substrate |
-
2008
- 2008-02-06 US US12/026,920 patent/US8696346B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2009
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WO2004037683A2 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-05-06 | Voith Fabrics Patent Gmbh | Conveyor belt |
US20080005877A1 (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2008-01-10 | Laird Deborah A | System, apparatus, and method of reducing production loss having a counterband |
CN101455921A (zh) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-17 | 东丽纤维研究所(中国)有限公司 | 复合毡及袋式过滤器 |
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CN102016153A (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
CA2714035A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
HK1151840A1 (zh) | 2012-02-10 |
US8696346B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 |
JP2011511179A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
US20090197493A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
CA2714035C (en) | 2017-06-27 |
ATE528430T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
EP2252733B1 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
ES2373422T3 (es) | 2012-02-03 |
WO2009098185A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
JP5539231B2 (ja) | 2014-07-02 |
DK2252733T3 (da) | 2012-01-02 |
EP2252733A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
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