CN1019983C - 钢材冷轧润滑用的乳化液或微乳化液及其制法 - Google Patents
钢材冷轧润滑用的乳化液或微乳化液及其制法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
钢材冷轧润滑液,其含有一种或多种可与矿物基础油混合的通式(I)的有机碳酸酯。其中R和R′可以相同或不同,代表C6-C30直链或支链烷基。环烷基或环烷基烷基,与矿物基能油混合的该碳酸酯的量要足以形成具有特殊应用所必须的油滑能力的组合物。
这些润滑液或以全油型,或是以加入适量乳化剂后形成含水乳液或微乳状液的油浓缩物的形式,可简便的用于任何类型钢材的冷扎。
除了具有轧制液的全部一般特性外,它们也能在后续热处理工艺中使形成的残碳和沉积物最少。
Description
本发明涉及的是在制备适合于钢材冷轧的润滑液中碳酸烷基酯或碳酸环烷基酯的应用,以及所得到的含这样的碳酸酯的润滑液。
随着高速轧钢机的出现,润滑液的选择在轧钢,特别是在冷轧工艺中已变得非常关键。在要轧制的材料和产生塑性变形的轧辊之间加入润滑油有许多理由(降低摩擦、降低磨损、获得所需要的表面光洁度等),在选择最恰当的润滑液时,必须根据所用工艺、要轧制的材料和所需产品来仔细评价这些因素的相对重要性。
在适用于所说特殊工艺的润滑液中,目前最广泛应用的润滑液是天然脂肪和合成脂肪酸酯,或是以其本身的形式使用,或最好是以其在矿物基础油中稀释后的形式使用。这些润滑液或是直接应用或加入适当量的乳化剂,制备成各种浓度的含水乳剂来应用。当温度的控制是主要因素时,使用含水乳液;而当润滑效果是最重要的或当水存在时可能引起特殊的腐蚀问题时,最好全部使用油。
在选择适用于钢材冷轧的润滑剂时,另一个非常重要的技术方面的因素也必须加以考虑,也就是润滑剂必须不沾污产品。在这方面,如果在冷轧后所需要的产品是具有光泽的成品或接着上涂料,那么所用的润滑剂必须在高温热处理之后除去,不遗留可能损坏或破坏表面状态的残留物。使用专门的清洁处理或脱脂方法在热处理之前完全除去轧制油是一种显而易见的工序,但这将导致非常高的生产成本;另外,如果表面非常干净的带材在高温下热处理,那么,卷材的相邻匝可能相互粘附。
因此,通常在实践中,人们采用擦拭或空气喷射的方法除去过量的润滑剂,然后或是在紧接在热处理前的过程的间歇阶段,或是在热处理的开始阶段使剩余的润滑剂挥发掉的方法,以图尽可能地减轻这个问题。
由于用这种方法决不可能使润滑剂完全除去,因此,近二十年来,已进行了各种各样的研究,以便发现和完善适合于钢材冷轧的、解决或至少尽可能减轻产品沾污问题的润滑液。
因此,可与矿物油混合的传统的动物油或植物油,如猪油或棕榈油,已经被矿物油与合成添加剂特别是合成脂肪酸酯的混合物所取代,其使得沾污现象减轻。然而,现在已经发现可以制备出适合钢材冷轧的,除了具有金属冷轧液的全部一般特性外,还可以减少在后续热处理中形成残炭和沉积物的润滑液。
体现本发明的第一个方面的这些润滑液含有一种或多种可与矿物基础油混合的通式(Ⅰ)的有机碳酸酯,
其中R和R′可以相同或不同,代表C6-C30的直链或支链烷基、环烷基或环烷基烷基,与矿物基础油混合的该碳酸酯的量要足以形成具有特殊应用所必须的润滑能力的组合物。
在实际应用中,所说的“足够量”以组合物总重
量的重量百分数表示,一般大于5%,较好大于10%,最好大于15%。
通式(Ⅰ)中所示的R和R′基代表C8-C30直链或支链烷基、环烷基或环烷基烷基,其中该基碳原子可以是伯、仲或叔碳原子。
优选的R和R′代表C6-C30直链或支链烷基。最好R和R′代表C10-C20直链或支链烷基。
通式(Ⅰ)的与高级脂肪醇或环脂族醇形成的这些碳酸酯是公知的化合物,并且可以很容易地通过低级烷基碳酸酯(如碳酸二甲酯或碳酸二乙酯)在适当的酯基转移催化剂存在下与高级醇或高级醇混合物的酯基转移反应来制备;或者在高温下最好在有机或天机碱存在下通过高级醇或高级醇混合物与碳酰氯反应来制备。高级醇的碳酸酯的润滑效果已在美国专利2,758,975中介绍,该专利的权利要求是有机碳酸酯和磷酸三(甲苯酯)的一种特殊组合物;同一内容在欧洲专利申请89,709中也有描述,该专利申请涉及的是在配制内燃机和/或工业机器用润滑剂中有机碳酸酯的应用。
然而,现在已经发现具有该润滑特性的这些有机碳酸酯也可用于轧钢这一特殊领域的润滑,正如已叙述过的那样,轧钢润滑与通常的润滑有显著区别,这是由于上述的许多复杂的客观原因和其所涉及的加工类型(塑性的而不只是弹性的)造成的。也已发现通式(Ⅰ)的有机碳酸酯的热安定性和其挥发性使得这些化合物特别适用于钢材冷轧的润滑。特别是热重分析已表明,通式(Ⅰ)的有机碳酸酯在轧制时所能达到的最高温度(250℃-270℃)下具有良好的热稳定性,并且在比标准热处理温度(一般为650-730℃)低得多的温度下能完全蒸发。
这些化合物在相对窄的温度范围内在没有过度分解的情况下具有独特的蒸发特性。
由一种或多种通式(Ⅰ)的碳酸酯与矿物基础油(该矿物油可以是烷烃、芳烃或环烷烃型)混合组成的润滑液都能很方便地用于任何类型的钢材冷轧润滑中(从低碳含量的普通钢到不锈钢)。此外,可以向其中加入适量的乳化剂作为形成微乳状液的油浓缩物使用,或以小比例这种浓缩物加入较大比例的水以便形成稳定的乳液使用。在制备这些乳液或微乳状液时,可用常规方法制备,最好用一种或多种通式(Ⅰ)的碳酸酯与含有足以使要制备的水乳液或微乳状液为需要的浓度的量的适当乳化剂的矿物油的混合物。
合适的乳化剂是所有那些无灰非离子或阴离子表面活性剂,例如聚氧乙烯醚和酯,特别是乙氧基化的烷基酚,例如由Hocchst销售的商标为EmulsogenR或SapogenatR的那些产品,或由Huls销售的商标为MarlophenR的那些产品。
较好地,该油浓缩物的(通式(Ⅰ)的)有机碳酸酯含量为5-65%,最好为10-50%。
如果需要的话,该乳液或微乳状液还可以含有本领域已知的其它常用添加剂,如防腐剂、抗磨添加剂等。
一般,水中油相的浓度在1%和5%之间变化,最好约2-3%。
特别地,对于四辊轧机或连续轧机的钢材润滑和轧制最好使用本方法得到的水乳液或微乳状液,而对于Sendzimir型可逆轧机的冷轧全部用油最好。
下面的实施例只是对本发明有代表性的某些润滑油组合物的详细说明,而决不能认为是对本发明范围的限制。
实施例1
通式(Ⅰ)的碳酸酯的合成
一般方法:
合成装置包括一个有夹套的三颈烧瓶,该烧瓶用外部循环液进行温度控制,安装有带孔板和液体取样头的蒸馏柱,并配有磁力搅拌器和温度计。
将低沸点醇的碳酸酯(碳酸二甲酯),至少化学计算量的高级醇或高级醇的混合物,也就是二倍于低碳醇的碳酸酯的摩尔数,最好超过化学计算量,再加上具有强碱性的有机或无机化合物形成的酯基转移催化剂,都放在上述烧瓶中。该反应在惰性气氛中进行,加热该反应混合物到沸点,并从顶部除去形成的低沸点醇。在某些情况下,在可与低沸点醇形成最少量的共沸物的惰性溶剂存在下进行反应,以便用蒸馏方法除去这些低沸点的醇。在反应结束时可将催化剂除去(用水洗涤,过滤或中和),并可用蒸馏掉不需要的副产物和任何过量的未反应的高级醇的方法来回收反应产物。
在本方法中,可从下面适当的高级醇的混合物开始,得到相应的有机碳酸酯(Ⅰ)的混合物,其分子量在括弧中给出:
A)异癸醇的混合物(342.6);
B)正癸醇(342.6);
C)C14-C15支链醇的50%(重)的混合物(468);
D)异十三烷醇[50%(重)]和含40%直链和60%支链的C12-C15醇[50%(重)]的混合物(平均432.2);
E)C12-C15羰基合成醇的混合物(平均442.0)。
实施例2
制备在低粘度石蜡基矿物油中含有30%实施例1A)的碳酸酯的润滑油做为全油型润滑油,在可逆Sendzimir轧制机上轧钢时使用。
这种组合物的润滑能力用Almen-Wieland机试验来评价,测定为1850公斤,EP能力根据ASTM-2783用四球方法来评价,为400daN,其最大不咬住负荷为80daN。
实施例3:
制备在低粘度石蜡基矿物油中含有35%实施例1B)的碳酸酯的润滑液做为全油型润滑油,在可逆Sendzimir轧制机上轧钢时使用。
该组合物的润滑能力用Almen-Wieland机试验评价,测得为1900公斤,EP能力用四球方法评价为420daN,且最大不咬住负荷为90daN。
实施例4:
制备在水中含2-3%油相的透明微乳状液,其油相由35%实施例1C)的碳酸酯、45%的石蜡基矿物油和20%乙氧基化的烷基酚类的阴离子乳化剂组成。这种润滑油可方便地用于在连续轧机上进行钢材冷轧。该乳代液的润滑能力用Almen-Wieland机试验评价为2750公斤,其EP能力用四球方法评价是110daN,其最大不咬住负荷为60daN。在轧制后带材的清洁度全部大于90%(Scotch试验),在热处理后碳粉的平均值是2.5mg/m2。
实施例5:
制备在水中含2-3%油相的乳化液,其油相由45%实施例1D)的碳酸酯、37%石蜡基矿物油和18%上述实施例的乳化剂组成。该润滑液可方便地在四辊轧机上钢材冷轧时使用。该乳化液的润滑能力用Almen-Wieland机试验评价为1950公斤,EP能力由四球方法评价为160daN,最大不咬住负荷为75daN。在轧制后带材的清洁度全部大于90%(Scotch试验),热处理后的碳粉小于4mg/m2。
在使用轧机之前,将该浓缩油进行热重分析以测定做为温度函数的油重的损失,从而测得其蒸发速率和热稳定性。为实现这一目的,将少量放在与天平相连的铂微胶囊中的油按预定速度加热,然后记录作为温度函数的重量变化。在实验期间,计算并记录重量/温度的一次微分曲线,以得到表示该物质蒸发速率的曲线。
图1a表示该油的差热分析图。该图表明全部油消失的温度(Ta)显然低于钢热处理温度(Ta为455℃,一般热处理温度为650-730℃),达到最大蒸发速率时的温度(Tb)比在轧制时达到的温度峰值要高得多(Tb为300℃,冷轧时达到的温度为250-270℃),从而,说明在工作温度下在乳化液中含的碳酸酯具有良好的热稳定性。
实施例6:
实施例1E)的碳酸酯混合物的热稳定性用上述实施例中描述的方法用热重分析法评价。
有关的差热分析图示于图Ⅰb中。可以再一次看到Ta(425℃)远远低于热处理温度,而Tb(310℃)比冷轧工艺中达到的温度峰值要高得多。
实施例7-8(对照)
常规的轧制润滑剂的热稳定性用实施例5中所述的方法通过热重分析法评价。所用的特定润滑剂是天然脂肪酸酯类,特别是猪油,和合成脂肪酸酯类,特别是油酸酯。
有关的差热分析图分别示于图2a和2b中。
可以看出,两种情况下的Tb值(205°和220℃)均比冷轧达到的温度峰值要低,其可能意味着在加工期间润滑剂部分分解。关于Ta值,对于天然脂肪酸酯(655℃),实际上其在热处理温度范围内,这意味着在加工期间在材料表面上形成相当多碳沉积的可能性,而对于合成脂肪酸酯,尽管Ta值不太高(520℃),但却与常规热处理温度极为接近。
通过图1a和1b与图2a和2b的比较,可以看出在碳酸酯的情况下,在微分速度曲线上仅有一个最大值且非常窄,而在天然或合成脂肪酸酯的情况下有两个且比较宽。
Claims (7)
2、按照权利要求1的乳化液或微乳化液,其中油相含量为1-5%(重量)。
3、按照权利要求2的乳化液或微乳化液,其中油相含量为2-3%(重量)。
4、按照权利要求1的乳化液或微乳化液在钢材冷轧中的应用。
6、按照权利要求5的制备方法,其特征在于,油相含量为1-5%(重量)。
7、按照权利要求6的制备方法,其特征在于,油相含量为2-3%(重量)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT8920191A IT1230064B (it) | 1989-04-18 | 1989-04-18 | Fluido lubrificante per la laminazione a freddo dell'acciaio. |
IT20191A/89 | 1989-04-18 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1047107A CN1047107A (zh) | 1990-11-21 |
CN1019983C true CN1019983C (zh) | 1993-03-03 |
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CN90103603A Expired - Lifetime CN1019983C (zh) | 1989-04-18 | 1990-04-18 | 钢材冷轧润滑用的乳化液或微乳化液及其制法 |
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US (1) | US5009803A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0393749B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2887403B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1019983C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR246761A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE84061T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU622309B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9001819A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69000683T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0393749T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2038479T3 (zh) |
GR (1) | GR3006890T3 (zh) |
HU (1) | HU209555B (zh) |
IT (1) | IT1230064B (zh) |
MX (1) | MX171744B (zh) |
PL (1) | PL162975B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT93783B (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2040537C1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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IT1243858B (it) * | 1990-10-19 | 1994-06-28 | Agip Petroli | Composizioni lubrificanti per autotrazione. |
DE4040154A1 (de) * | 1990-12-15 | 1992-06-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Guerbetcarbonate |
TW203098B (zh) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-04-01 | Mitsui Petroleum Chemicals Ind | |
IT1270956B (it) * | 1993-07-29 | 1997-05-26 | Euron Spa | Composizione lubrificante a bassa fumosita' per motori a due tempi |
JP3645592B2 (ja) * | 1994-09-09 | 2005-05-11 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 陰極線管部品用プレス成型油及びそれを用いたプレス成型品の処理方法 |
US6139911A (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 2000-10-31 | Betzdearborn Inc. | Release agent for rolls and method for improving release properties of rolls |
DE19539523A1 (de) * | 1995-10-24 | 1997-04-30 | Grace W R & Co | Trennmittel für Walzen und Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Trenneigenschaften von Walzen |
CN1060207C (zh) * | 1996-03-08 | 2001-01-03 | 松下电子工业株式会社 | 冲压成形油及使用该油的冲压成形品的处理方法 |
EP0949319A3 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2001-03-21 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation | Traction drive fluid |
JP2000063874A (ja) * | 1998-08-22 | 2000-02-29 | Nippon Grease Kk | Hdd用等軸受グリース組成物 |
JP2001081492A (ja) * | 1999-09-08 | 2001-03-27 | Minebea Co Ltd | 低トルク低騒音長寿命軸受 |
JP2001072989A (ja) * | 1999-09-08 | 2001-03-21 | Minebea Co Ltd | 高効率電動機用軸受 |
JP4464498B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-08 | 2010-05-19 | 日本グリース株式会社 | モータ用軸受グリース組成物 |
JP4406486B2 (ja) * | 1999-11-13 | 2010-01-27 | ミネベア株式会社 | 情報機器用転動装置 |
JP3794541B2 (ja) * | 1999-11-13 | 2006-07-05 | 日本グリース株式会社 | 情報機器用軸受グリース組成物 |
DE10140846A1 (de) * | 2001-08-21 | 2003-03-06 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dialkylcarbonaten |
JP2007056276A (ja) * | 2006-12-04 | 2007-03-08 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 潤滑油基油 |
JP5306724B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-30 | 2013-10-02 | 日本工作油株式会社 | 難加工金属材料の非塩素系塑性加工用潤滑剤 |
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US2387999A (en) * | 1943-04-26 | 1945-10-30 | Lubri Zol Corp | Lubrication |
US2673185A (en) * | 1948-12-02 | 1954-03-23 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Polymerized carbonate ester lubricating oil additives |
US2758975A (en) * | 1952-07-02 | 1956-08-14 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Synthetic lubricants |
FR90699E (fr) * | 1961-04-10 | 1968-01-26 | Gen Electric | Combinaison de deux parties solides notamment en aluminium et d'un lubrifiant à base de composés monoéthyléniques |
IT1150700B (it) * | 1982-03-19 | 1986-12-17 | Anic Spa | Sintesi di carbonati di alcoli superiori e loro impiego come lubrificanti sintetici |
JPS61246293A (ja) * | 1985-04-03 | 1986-11-01 | Kao Corp | 鉄鋼用冷間圧延油 |
US4801391A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1989-01-31 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Method of improving the anti-wear properties of a lube oil |
BR8701840A (pt) * | 1986-04-21 | 1988-01-26 | Nisshin Oil Mills Ltd | Oleo de laminagem a frio para placas de aco |
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1990
- 1990-04-10 ES ES199090200870T patent/ES2038479T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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PL162975B1 (en) | 1994-01-31 |
ATE84061T1 (de) | 1993-01-15 |
BR9001819A (pt) | 1991-06-11 |
MX171744B (es) | 1993-11-11 |
RU2040537C1 (ru) | 1995-07-25 |
JPH02296898A (ja) | 1990-12-07 |
JP2887403B2 (ja) | 1999-04-26 |
HU902463D0 (en) | 1990-08-28 |
DE69000683D1 (de) | 1993-02-11 |
HU209555B (en) | 1994-07-28 |
DK0393749T3 (da) | 1993-03-01 |
AU622309B2 (en) | 1992-04-02 |
IT8920191A0 (it) | 1989-04-18 |
EP0393749A3 (en) | 1990-11-22 |
EP0393749A2 (en) | 1990-10-24 |
ES2038479T3 (es) | 1993-07-16 |
EP0393749B1 (en) | 1992-12-30 |
AU5360990A (en) | 1990-10-25 |
HUT54201A (en) | 1991-01-28 |
CN1047107A (zh) | 1990-11-21 |
AR246761A1 (es) | 1994-09-30 |
DE69000683T2 (de) | 1993-05-13 |
PT93783B (pt) | 1996-09-30 |
US5009803A (en) | 1991-04-23 |
PT93783A (pt) | 1990-11-20 |
IT1230064B (it) | 1991-09-27 |
GR3006890T3 (zh) | 1993-06-30 |
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