CN101981297A - 用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的lpg/氨供应系统 - Google Patents

用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的lpg/氨供应系统 Download PDF

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CN101981297A
CN101981297A CN2009801123788A CN200980112378A CN101981297A CN 101981297 A CN101981297 A CN 101981297A CN 2009801123788 A CN2009801123788 A CN 2009801123788A CN 200980112378 A CN200980112378 A CN 200980112378A CN 101981297 A CN101981297 A CN 101981297A
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L·卡布特尼
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Abstract

一种用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，该系统组合地包括：电子控制单元；汽油/柴油箱和汽油/柴油供应装置；车辆的原始高压泵(7)；LPG/氨箱和供应装置；带有冷却风扇的附加辐射器(10)；车辆的原始高压喷射器轨道(17)；连接到高压泵(7)的适配器(19)，其能使LPG/氨循环和返回到储存箱；车辆的原始电子控制单元(20)；以及带有电磁阀的分配组件和/或非返回阀(21)，其组合打开通道的装置，以用来输送和返回LPG/液态氨，以及反之亦然；其中，根据发动机如下运行方式来预先设定方式、次序和时间：用LPG/氨或汽油/柴油加燃料，切换用LPG/氨加燃料或汽油/柴油加燃料的发动机运行，停止发动机，以及驾驶员要求的方式。

Description

用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统
背景技术
汽油/柴油发动机制造商目前正日益定向于由电子控制单元管理的直接喷射供油方式，电子控制单元呈现出优化发动机供油所需要的日益复杂的技术策略，因此容易地获得最佳可能的燃烧以及废气中未燃烧尽颗粒的最低排放，因为发动机所设有的催化净化器和探头不能发挥与发动机一致的功能，所以，发动机的喷射供油不能由电子控制单元来管理。
近来，由于汽油和柴油价格升高，特别是大城市地区内的污染率不断地在增加，对由污染造成的环境问题的反响在上升，所以，对汽车日益频繁地提出要求，包括新品牌的车子，其具有不仅可由汽油/柴油供燃料而且可由LPG(液化石油气)/氨供应燃料的可能性。
这些发动机向LPG/氨的转换必然伴有相当的困难，困难之处在于不可能复制由此所需要的供燃料的策略，因为发动机装备有特别的喷射器，而且喷射器需在非常高的压力下工作。
假定有这样的要求，系统的某些制造商将直接喷射汽油发动机转换为气态的LPG，但为了获得发动机的运行，它们必须诉诸妥协折衷，随之出现受不同运行策略支配的反常的状态，即，采用LPG的发动机仅在给定的转速下运行，而在惰转期间或在需要最大功率时，发动机依靠汽油运转，因此，使消费者感到向LPG的转换远为不便。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种系统，该系统能够将直接喷射汽油/柴油发动机转化到LPG/液态的氨，其使用相同的电子控制单元和相同的汽车原来的系统，消除了所提及的运行故障。
如上所述的向LPG/液态氨的转换在任何情况下总带来困难，所述困难来自于汽车行驶时和发动机发动期间。
尤其是，对于使用LPG/氨的运行来说，当发动机在用LPG/氨运行一段时间之后已经关闭时，经常有起动的困难，因为发动机的高温致使存在于高压泵内的液体气化，如果不是不可能的话，则随后的起动会带来诸多问题。
根据本发明，通过在高压泵上插入一个有目的提供的适配器，使用车辆上同样的电子控制单元和同样原来的汽油/柴油供燃料系统，发动机可获得LPG/氨的供应，当发动机用LPG/氨供燃料时，通过一个让过多液体返回的而有意设置的导管，并在用LPG/氨运行期间关闭通向高压泵的汽油/柴油入口，LPG/氨以液态送入所述的高压泵内，由此阻止气化。
借助于合适的装置，可实施汽油/柴油通道的关闭以及输送和返回LPG/液态氨通道的打开，显然，反之亦然，所述装置可在分配组件内组合在一起，并由管理切换策略的控制单元在时间和特地研究的方式上加以管理。
此外，用于管理切换策略的控制单元以自动和编程方式控制所述装置，该装置能够克服运行中的缺点，尤其是如上所述的缺点，这些缺点发生在从汽油/柴油到LPG/氨的切换操作过程中、用LPG/氨使发动机起动的过程中以及从LPG/氨到汽油/柴油的切换操作过程中，而对于在柴油机上的应用，该控制单元还通过合适的连线来管理送到喷射器的打开信号，信号的输送有一个预设的延迟，以在给定的燃料输送情况下，确保燃烧不预先发生。
附图说明
现将参照附图，在非限制性的实施例中来描述本发明，附图中：
图1示出高压LPG/液态氨的系统图；
图2示出LPG/氨的系统在直接喷射发动机上运行的方框图；以及
图3示出高压LPG/液态氨的系统的变体。
具体实施方式
根据示范该系统的所述示意图，该系统示意地由如下组成：
-用来调节和控制切换策略的电子控制单元1；
-设置在车辆上的汽油/柴油箱2；
-设置在车辆上的汽油/柴油泵3；
-一个或多个辅助的汽油/柴油泵4；
-供应汽油/柴油的电磁阀5；
-汽油/柴油的止回阀6；
-车辆的原始高压泵7；
-LPG/氨压力调节器8；
-LPG/氨返回阀9；
-带有冷却风扇的附加的辐射器10；
-LPG/氨的止回阀11；
-LPG/氨储存箱12；
-LPG/氨泵13；
-供应LPG/氨的电磁阀14；
-LPG/氨的止回阀15；
-辅助的LPG/氨喷射器16；
-车辆的原始高压喷射器轨道17；
-驾驶员侧的门触头18；
-在用LPG/氨运行期间能将过多燃料返回到油箱的高压泵上的装置19；
-车辆的原始电子控制单元20；
-带有电磁阀的分配组件21，其中，将用来关闭汽油/柴油通道和打开输送和返回LPG/液态氨的通道(反之亦然)的装置组合在一起；
-用来排放LPG/氨过压的阀26；
-LPG/氨辅助泵27；以及
-止回阀24、25、28；
根据本发明，在发动机运行过程中，车辆的原始电子控制单元20以相同的方式管理汽油和LPG/氨的化油策略，模糊地和根据所选燃料的类型以同样的方式管理喷射器17的轨道，而为了运行柴油机，用于调节和控制切换策略的电子控制单元1通过连线22来管理待送到喷射器的打开信号并保持一预设的延迟，以确保在给定的燃料多样性下燃烧不预先发生；此外，它根据使用方式和驾驶员所要求的操作启动所列出的一个或多个装置。
尤其是：
1)当从汽油/柴油到LPG/氨的供应切换时，用来调节和控制策略的电子控制单元1将启动信号送到LPG/氨的泵13的电源和送到LPG/氨输送电磁阀14，并在预定的时间段例如2秒之后，使汽油/柴油泵3不工作(不起作用)并对LPG/氨返回电磁阀9供电。
2)在先前用LPG/氨供应工作的发动机起动过程中，一旦仪表板切换上，则控制单元1供应汽油/柴油的电磁阀5，并在某一时间段例如1秒之后，持续预定的时间段例如5秒，汽油/柴油泵3、辅助的汽油/柴油泵4以及LPG/氨返回电磁阀9自动地被启动；这样，气化的液体从回路中特别是从高压泵7中消除。一旦过去了预先设定时间例如5秒，则控制单元1就使辅助的汽油/柴油泵4和LPG/氨返回电磁阀9不工作，相反，汽油/柴油输送电磁阀5和汽油/柴油泵3再保持工作例如15秒的另一时间段，确保发动机用汽油/柴油的运行。一旦预定时间结束，使汽油/柴油输送电磁阀5和汽油/柴油泵3不工作，而LPG/氨泵13、LPG/氨输送电磁阀14以及LPG/氨返回电磁阀9被启动。也可通过在发动机关闭时打开驾驶员侧的门而启动的从触头18发出的指令来赋予执行所述程序的送到控制单元1的脉冲。
3)在发动机用LPG/氨运行的关闭期间，控制单元1对汽油/柴油输送电磁阀5供应预定的时间段例如6秒，在1秒之后，对汽油/柴油泵3、辅助的汽油/柴油泵4和LPG/氨返回电磁阀9供应5秒。一旦过去了6秒后，汽油/柴油输送电磁阀5、汽油/柴油泵3和辅助的汽油/柴油泵4不工作，而LPG/氨返回电磁阀9仍保持打开120秒，以便能够消除关闭在高压泵7的回路内LPG，防止因热量和气化引起的LPG任何压力升高，因此可使发动机准备好用汽油燃料起动。
4)在从LPG/氨到汽油/柴油的运行切换过程中，控制单元1启动汽油/柴油输送电磁阀5，在1秒之后，启动汽油/柴油泵3和辅助的汽油/柴油泵4；使LPG/氨泵13和LPG/氨输送电磁阀14不工作，而LPG/氨返回电磁阀9保持工作5秒，且一旦该时间段过去之后，同时使LPG/氨返回电磁阀9和辅助的汽油/柴油泵4不工作。
启动的和不启动(不工作或不起作用)的脉冲、各步骤次序和定时受到用于调节和控制切换策略的控制单元1的控制，所述的程序能用LPG/氨运行发动机，使LPG/氨供应转移到汽油/柴油供应，以及反之亦然，从而优化操作，特别是在任何气候条件下的起动。
在任何情形中，应突出的是辅助的汽油/柴油泵4的重要性，在与车辆的汽油/柴油泵3同时工作时，该辅助汽油/柴油泵4能够引起汽油/柴油压力升高和免除LPG/氨，一般来说，高压泵7和回路因此防止气化的发生，并能使发动机在任何气候条件下起动。
为了补偿两种燃料的多样性和解决因燃料比重的差异引起的贫瘠化油问题，用来调节和控制切换策略的控制单元1自动地管理辅助的LPG/氨喷射器16，以便根据发动机的转速和对合适化油的要求输送所缺乏的燃料量。
通过用调节和控制切换策略的控制单元1管理高压传感器23的燃料信号而调节送往发动机的合适燃料量，从而根据发动机的转速和对合适化油的要求，获得输送缺乏的燃料量的同样结果。
同样地，为了补偿两种燃料之间的差别和解决由于燃料比重差别引起的贫瘠化油问题，用于调节和控制切换策略的控制单元1自动地管理LPG/氨泵13的电源电压，从而改变泵的功率和LPG/氨的压力，以便根据发动机的转速和对合适化油的要求，输送缺乏的燃料量。
为了提高具有高的LPG外部温度的运行过程中系统的可靠性，可构思装备有电风扇的辐射器的装置，该电风扇通过一出口连接到控制单元1，当发动机以低于或等于1000转/分的速度转动时，电风扇被控制单元1本身启动。辅助的辐射器冷却LPG，因此，防止储存箱12内任何的压力升高，以及防止供应回路内任何过压的问题和鉴于储存箱本身内高压引起的供应缺点。
为了将过多的LPG/氨返回到储存箱，并确保LPG/氨的循环，如上所述，与高压泵7相连的是适配器19，其阻止气化并确保发动机合适的化油。
在本发明的一个变体(显示在图3中)中，还在LPG/氨供应管路上设置另一辅助的LPG/氨泵27，其设计成从LPG/氨供应回路中消除可能存在的气化的LPG/氨，以便能够直接用LPG/氨启动发动机先前与LPG/氨供应相关的功能，无需用汽油/柴油来启动发动机，如先前的点2所述。
有利的是，在本发明的该变体中，根据前述点3的操作，就与LPG/氨供应相关的发动机功能的关闭来说，不再是必要的。
在这一点上，应该指出的是，在所述的本发明的变体中，其装备有辅助的LPG/氨泵27，在启动与LPG/氨供应相关的发动机先前的功能过程中，一旦接通仪表板，控制单元1就启动辅助的LPG/氨泵27和LPG/氨泵13，以及LPG/氨输送电磁阀14和LPG/氨返回电磁阀9。
为了实施所述程序，也可通过来自触头18的指令而代替接通仪表板将脉冲赋予控制单元1，所述触头18通过在发动机关闭时打开驾驶员侧的门而被启动。在来自触头18的指令情形中，如果发动机在给定时间内不发动，则可构思接通仪表板，来复制对应于上述LPG/氨泵启动的操作。
主要部件清单：
1用来调节和控制切换策略的电子控制单元
2汽油/柴油箱
3汽油/柴油泵
4辅助的汽油/柴油泵
5汽油/柴油输送电磁阀
6汽油/柴油止回阀
7高压泵
8压力调节器
9LPG/氨返回电磁阀
10带有风扇的辐射器
11止回阀
12LPG/氨储存箱
13LPG/氨泵
14LPG/氨输送电磁阀
15LPG/氨止回阀
16辅助的喷射器
17汽油/LPG/柴油/氨喷射器轨道
18门触头装置
19返回装置
20车辆的原始控制单元
21带有电磁阀的分配组件
22施加在柴油机上的连线
23高压传感器
24通向辅助泵的汽油/柴油止回阀
25汽油/柴油止回阀
26LPG/氨过压排放阀
27LPG/氨辅助泵
28LPG/氨止回阀

Claims (20)

1.一种用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，该系统组合地包括：
-用于调节和控制策略的电子控制单元(1)；
-设置在车辆上的汽油/柴油箱(2)；
-设置在车辆上的汽油/柴油泵(3)；
-一个或多个辅助的汽油/柴油泵(4)；
-汽油/柴油输送电磁阀(5)；
-汽油/柴油止回阀(6)；
-车辆的原始高压泵(7)；
-LPG/氨压力调节器(8)；
-LPG/氨返回阀(9)；
-带有冷却风扇的附加辐射器(10)；
-LPG/氨止回阀(11)；
-LPG/氨储存箱(12)；
-LPG/氨泵(13)；
-LPG/氨输送电磁阀(14)；
-LPG/氨止回阀(15)；
-辅助的LPG/氨喷射器(16)；
-车辆的原始高压喷射器轨道(17)；
-连接到所述高压泵(7)的适配器(19)，所述适配器能使LPG/氨循环和返回到所述储存箱；
-车辆的原始电子控制单元(20)；以及
-带有电磁阀的分配组件(21)，所述分配组件组合打开通道的各装置，以用来输送和返回LPG/液态氨，以及反之亦然；
其中，根据如下来预先设定方式、次序和时间：
-用LPG/氨或汽油/柴油运行发动机的模式，
-用LPG/氨加燃料或汽油/柴油加燃料切换发动机运行，
-停止发动机，以及
-驾驶员要求的方式，
所述控制单元(1)控制所述汽油/柴油泵(3)、所述辅助的汽油/柴油泵(4)、所述汽油/柴油输送电磁阀(5)、所述LPG/氨返回电磁阀(9)、所述LPG/氨泵(13)、所述辅助的LPG/氨泵(27)、所述LPG/氨输送电磁阀(14)，以及所述LPG/氨喷射器(16)。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，所述辅助的汽油/柴油泵(4)组合设置在车辆上的汽油/柴油泵(3)进行操作，从而增加汽油/柴油燃料的压力，迫使所述高压泵(7)内的气体流出，并使所述系统准备好作随后的启动。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，在从汽油/柴油供应切换到LPG/氨供应的过程中，所述用于调节和控制切换策略的控制单元(1)将启动信号送到所述LPG/氨泵(13)的电源和所述LPG/氨输送电磁阀(14)，并在预定时间段之后，例如2秒之后，使所述汽油/柴油泵(3)不工作并对所述LPG/氨返回电磁阀(9)供电。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，在用LPG/氨加燃料起动发动机的过程中，所述用于调节和控制切换策略的控制单元(1)对所述汽油/柴油输送电磁阀(5)供电，并在一定时间段之后，例如1秒之后，自动地启动所述汽油/柴油泵(3)、所述辅助的汽油/柴油泵(4)和所述LPG/氨返回电磁阀(9)持续预定的时间段，例如5秒；这样，气化液体从回路中消除，特别地从所述高压泵(7)中消除；一旦经过了设定的时间，例如5秒，所述控制单元(1)就使所述辅助的汽油/柴油泵(4)和所述LPG/氨返回电磁阀(9)不工作，而保持所述汽油/柴油输送电磁阀(5)和所述汽油/柴油泵(3)工作另一时间段，例如15秒，确保发动机用汽油/柴油加燃料运行；一旦预定时间结束，使所述汽油/柴油输送电磁阀(5)和所述汽油/柴油泵(3)不工作，而使所述LPG/氨泵(13)、所述LPG/氨输送电磁阀(14)和所述LPG/氨返回电磁阀(9)工作。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，在用LPG/氨加燃料关闭发动机的过程中，所述用于调节和控制切换策略的控制单元(1)对所述汽油/柴油输送电磁阀(5)供电预定时间段，例如6秒，并在1秒之后，对所述汽油/柴油泵(3)、所述辅助的汽油/柴油泵(4)和所述LPG/氨返回电磁阀(9)供电持续5秒；一旦过去了6秒，就使所述汽油/柴油输送电磁阀(5)、所述汽油/柴油泵(3)和所述辅助的汽油/柴油泵(4)不工作，而所述LPG/氨返回电磁阀(9)保持打开达120秒，以使留在高压泵回路内的LPG能够流出，因此，考虑到发动机的热量，防止任何压力上升和其气化，使发动机准备好作加汽油/柴油燃料的起动。
6.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，在从LPG/氨到汽油/柴油的运行切换过程中，所述用于调节和控制切换策略的控制单元(1)启动所述汽油/柴油输送电磁阀(5)，并在1秒之后，启动所述辅助的汽油/柴油泵(4)；使所述LPG/氨泵(13)和所述LPG/氨输送电磁阀(14)不工作，而保持所述LPG/氨返回电磁阀(9)工作2秒，此后，同时使所述LPG/氨返回阀电磁(9)和所述辅助的汽油/柴油泵(4)不工作。
7.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，所述用于调节和控制切换策略的控制单元(1)自动地管理LPG/氨的辅助喷射器(16)，以根据发动机的转速和对合适的化油的要求来提供所缺的燃料量。
8.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，所述用于调节和控制切换策略的控制单元(1)通过改变所述泵的电压并因此改变其功率自动地管理所述LPG/氨泵(13)的电流，以便根据发动机的转速和对合适的化油的要求来提供适合于输送所需燃料量的压力。
9.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，所述适配器(19)连接到所述高压泵(7)，所述适配器(19)能在用LPG/氨运行过程中循环和返回过多的液体，防止液体气化并确保最佳的化油。
10.如权利要求5所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，在用LPG/氨加燃料操作来关闭发动机的过程中，用来实施程序的发送到所述控制单元(1)的脉冲由用于停止发动机的指令来发出。
11.如权利要求4所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，在用LPG/氨加燃料操作来起动发动机的过程中，用来实施程序的发送到所述控制单元(1)的脉冲由特地设置的触头(18)来发出，而不是通过接通仪表板来发出，触头(18)发送发动机停止时驾驶员侧的门打开的信号。
12.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，构思安装装备有连接到所述控制单元(1)的电风扇的辐射器，当发动机以小于或等于1000转/分的转速转动时，由所述控制单元(1)本身通过输出而启动所述电风扇；所述辅助辐射器具有冷却LPG的功能，因此，防止所述储存箱(12)内压力升高，并防止供应回路内过压的问题，以及鉴于储存箱本身内的高压引起的供应缺点。
13.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，在运行过程中，车辆的原始电子控制单元(20)以同样的方式管理汽油/柴油和LPG/氨的化油策略，根据所选择燃料类型，以模糊的和同样的方式管理喷射器(17)的轨道。
14.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，在柴油发动机上所述用于调节和控制切换策略的控制单元(1)，通过连线(22)还管理要被送到喷射器的具有预设延迟的打开信号，以确保在给定燃料多样性的情况下燃烧不提前发生。
15.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，用于分配对应燃料的装置被插入在单个分配组件(21)内。
16.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括位于LPG/氨供应管路上的辅助的LPG/氨泵(27)。
17.如上述权利要求所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，在用LPG/氨加燃料起动发动机过程中，所述用于调节和控制切换策略的控制单元(1)启动所述辅助的LPG/氨泵(27)和所述LPG/氨泵(13)、以及所述LPG/氨输送电磁阀(14)和所述LPG/氨返回电磁阀(9)持续给定的时间。
18.如权利要求16所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，在所述用于调节和控制切换策略的控制单元(1)被设定为用LPG/氨对发动机加燃料的情形中，特地设置的触头(18)在发动机关闭时将驾驶员侧的门已打开的信号发送到所述控制单元(1)，合适编程的所述控制单元(1)立即启动所述辅助的LPG/氨泵(27)、所述LPG/氨泵(13)、所述LPG/氨输送电磁阀(14)和所述LPG/氨返回电磁阀(9)，持续编程确定的时间，在所述编程确定时间之后，通过接通仪表板来执行所述操作。
19.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括用来排放LPG/氨过压的阀(26)。
20.如权利要求1所述的用于直接喷射的汽油或柴油发动机的LPG/氨供应系统，其特征在于，所述分配组件(21)还包括止回阀(24、25、28)。
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