CN101971316B - 利用kelvin探针分析检查静电卡盘的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供一种检查静电卡盘(ESC)的方法。该ESC具有用于半导体晶片的介电支撑表面。该介电支撑表面利用Kelvin探针扫描以获得表面电势映射。该表面电势映射对比基准Kelvin探针表面电势映射以确定该ESC是否通过检查。
Description
背景技术
静电卡盘(ESC)是半导体处理设备(如等离子蚀刻室)的一个部件,可用于处理过程中半导体晶片或玻璃基板(即,平板显示器)的传输、夹持和/或温度控制,例如,在化学气相沉积(CVD)、物理气相沉积(PVD)或蚀刻反应室。ESC往往表现出较短的寿命,导致多种失效,包括例如动态对齐失效、ESC和下面支撑的衬底之间氦冷却气体泄漏多、卸除时间增加和衬底粘结于ESC或卸除失效。ESC的过早失效会导致衬底破裂,影响产量、导致颗粒和缺陷问题,并增加结合这种ESC的等离子处理设备的持有成本。
发明内容
提供一种检查静电卡盘(ESC)的方法。该ESC具有用于半导体晶片的介电支撑表面。该介电支撑表面利用Kelvin探针扫描以获得表面电势映射。该表面电势映射对比基准Kelvin探针表面电势映射以确定该ESC是否通过检查。
附图说明
图1A、1B、2A、2B、3A和3B说明示范性的三个ESC电介质表面的Kelvin探针表面电势映射。
图4A和4B说明通过检查的ESC卡盘的Kelvin探针表面电势映射。
图5A和5B说明没有通过检查的ESC卡盘的Kelvin探针表面电势映射。
具体实施方式
ESC可用于电介质蚀刻工艺,如等离子蚀刻氧化硅和低k材料。示范性的电介质ESC可包括金属基底(例如,阳极氧化的或非阳极氧化的铝合金),具有电介质表面,其上支撑半导体或衬底,如晶片。例如,该电介质表面可包括烧结的层压板,包括在两个陶瓷层(例如,大约20密耳厚的薄陶瓷层)之间的图案化耐火材料(例如,钨或钼)电极。该层压板可利用粘合材料粘结于该金属基底,如基于硅胶的、包含导电粉末(例如,铝、硅等)的材料。该金属基底(大约1.5英寸厚)通常包括RF和DC功率输入、用于起顶销的通孔、氦气通道、用于温度控制流体循环的通道、温度感应装置等。
双极ESC包括多个电极(例如,交叉的、同心环等),每个电极带有相反的电压以在没有等离子时保持卡紧能力。在一个实施例方式中,该ESC外部电极带正电压。对于该双极ESC,该电极之一具有正电荷,而其他电极具有负电荷。
ESC通常是Coulombic或Johnsen-Rahbek类型之一。Coulombic类型ESC使用具有较高电阻的电介质表面层以生成Coulombic静电力。Johnsen-Rahbek类型ESC(其当施加较低的电压时往往提供更高的静电卡紧力)采用低电阻电介质表面层,如Al2O3掺杂例如TiO2。
按照一个实施方式,Johnsen-Rahbek类型ESC的该陶瓷电介质层可包括94%Al2O3、4%SiO2、1%TiO2和1%CaO(wt%)以及微量MgO、Si、Ti、Ca和Mg。按照另一实施方式,Coulombic类型ESC,该陶瓷电介质层可包括大于或等于99%的Al2O3。
目前,检查ESC(新和重新修复的)的方法包括ESC的电流-电压特征化以及氦流终点测试。这些检查方法都包括将该ESC安装在等离子处理设备中并且消耗多个空白测试晶片(例如,大约10到20个硅晶片)。
对于双极ESC的电流-电压特征化,空白测试晶片设在该ESC上,并生成等离子。该ESC电流测为电压(即,高达2000V)的函数以生成该负电极和该正电极的电流-电压曲线。在较低的电压,该电流-电压曲线基本上是平行的,而来自该负电极的电流低于来自该正电极的电流。然而,在一些较高的电压,来自该负电极的电流显著增加并跨越来自该正电极的电流(即,“跨越电压”)。为多个晶片重复电流-电压特征化,其中确定多个跨越电压值。
确信来自该正电极的电流由于最外面的电极为正而保持相对平缓,其极可能将电流泄漏进等离子。另一方面,确信来自该负电极的电流由于电场发射或Shottky发射效应而显著增加。通常,具有较高跨越电压的ESC表现出相对具有较低跨越电压的ESC更好的卡紧特性。
对于该氦流终点测试,空白测试晶片设在该ESC上。电压施加到该ESC以卡紧该空白晶片,同时生成等离子。完成该等离子处理之后,沿该晶片的背侧(即,接触该ESC的表面)以预定的流率引入氦流以便于卸除该晶片。同时,生成低功率等离子(即,小于100W)以从该晶片去除剩余电荷。在该氦流终点测试过程中,测量直到卸除完成的氦流的总时间。通常,具有较短氦流时间的ESC表现出相比具有较长氦流时间的ESC更好的卡紧和卸除特性。
然而,这些检查方法都是耗时的、劳动密集型的,并且有可能产生不一致的结果。当前检查方法需要将该ESC安装在等离子处理设备中、排空该设备以及生成等离子。此外,这些检查方法为了多 次迭代而重复,对于每次迭代需要额外支出新的空白硅晶片(即,10到20个硅晶片)。而且,该晶片之间空白硅晶片的属性的变化会导致跨越电压或氦流时间数据的不一致。因此,需要效费比更高以及更可靠的ESC检查方法。
检查ESC(新的和重新修复的)的高效费比的、可靠的方法的新途径包括该ESC支撑该硅晶片的ESC的该电介质表面的Kelvin探针分析。该Kelvin探针是非破坏性的、非接触分析方法,用于特征化逸出功(work function)(对金属)或表面电势(对于电介质)。这个表面分析技术基于振动电容尖端,其测量该尖端和样品(例如,ESC的该电介质表面)之间的表面电势。振动的幅度可从几个微米到几个毫米调节。该Kelvin探针尖端可在平行于该ESC的电介质的上部表面的平面形成网格以映射该英寸数量级的面积的表面电势。这种Kevin探针可从KP Technology(位于Caithness,United Kingdom)获得。
图1A、1B、2A、2B、3A和3B说明三个ESC电介质表面的三个示范性的Kelvin探针表面电势映射,跨越的面积接近18cm×20cm。图1A是第一个ESC电介质表面的二维轮廓,其中该表面电势测量测量在523±87meV。图1B是图1A的三维立体视图。图2A是第二个ESC电介质表面的二维轮廓,其中该表面电势测量在-240±38meV。图2B是图2A的三维立体视图。图3A是第三个ESC电介质表面的二维轮廓,其中该表面电势测量在118±33meV。图3B是图3A的三维立体视图。Kelvin探针分析唯一地特征化ESC表面属性,其由表面形态和绑定在该最顶部的原子层内的杂质所限定。ESC的该电介质表面的该表面电势的特征化(其与卡紧特性相关联)会是强大的用于ESC的检查工具。理想地,ESC的该电介质表面将具有一致的和相对低的表面电势,以便于去除电荷聚集。
按照优选的方法,基准Kelvin探针表面电势映射的库存储在电子数据库中。这些基准映射通过基于对之前通过检查并且确定具有良好卡紧和卸除特性(即,更高的跨越电压和/或较短氦流时间)的ESC的Kelvin探针分析而生成一系列表面电势映射来获得。为了快速并且高效费比地检查新的或再修复的、具有未知卡紧和卸除特性的ESC,为这个ESC生成测得Kelvin探针表面电势映射,并且与基准表面电势映射的库对比。如果该新的或再修复的ESC的测得Kelvin探针表面电势映射类似于该库中的基准映射,那么这个ESC通过检查并预计具有良好的卡紧和卸除特性。因此,Kevin探针分析的优点是在室温条件下检查每个ESC而不要求将该ESC安装在等离子处理设备或消耗多个硅晶片。
在一个实施例方式中,该测得Kelvin探针表面电势映射和该基准Kelvin探针表面电势映射库存储在计算机可读介质中。该测得Kelvin探针表面电势映射与该基准Kelvin探针表面电势映射库的对比可通过执行计算机软件程序而自动进行。这个自动对比的结果可发布为状态报告,指出该ESC是否以通过检查。这种对比测得数据与基准数据的方法还在,例如,共同所有的美国专利申请2007/0284246(Keil等人.),其全部内容通过引用结合在这里。
示例
在两个样品ESC上执行测试仪确定Kelvin探针分析作为可靠的检查技术的性能。一个ESC之前使用电流-电压特征化确定通过检查(ESC样品号LJ4030749);另一个ESC之前确定没有通过检查(ESC样品号LJ4030745)。样品ESC的表面电势扫描使用型号SKP250250的Kevin探针执行,可从KP Technology(位于Caithness,United Kingdom)获得。
每个ESC的表面利用10mm直径的不锈钢钢尖使用非接触方式扫描。该不锈钢钢尖跨过180mm×160mm的表面积形成网格。在扫描期间,每个ESC与下面的不锈钢衬底电接触。对于每个样品Kelvin探针扫描重复三次,分别在不同的持续时间(即,测量之间高达一小时)以允许该ESC的表面放电。应当注意的是ESC放电的缓慢速度是负面特性,其导致较长的卸除时间。
Kelvin探针扫描的结果以及相应的跨越电压下面在表1中总结。图4A说明通过检查的ESC卡盘的表面电势映射的二维轮廓。图4B是图4A的三维立体视图。图5A说明没通过检查的ESC卡盘的表面电势映射的二维轮廓。图5B是图5A的三维立体视图。
表1
这些优选的实施方式仅仅是说明性的,无论如何不应当认为是限制性的。本发明的范围在所附权利要求中给出,而不是之前的描述,以及所有落入这些权利要求的变化和等同方式也应当包含在其中。
Claims (13)
1.一种检查静电卡盘的方法,该静电卡盘具有用于半导体晶片的介电支撑表面,该方法包括:
利用Kelvin探针扫描该介电支撑表面以获得三维立体的表面电势映射,该扫描通过使该Kelvin探针在平行于该介电支撑表面的平面形成网格以及在该介电支撑表面的整个区域的多个点上映射该表面电势来执行;
对比该表面电势映射与基准Kelvin探针表面电势映射以确定该静电卡盘是否通过检查。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该静电卡盘是新的或再修复的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该基准Kelvin探针表面电势映射通过利用该Kelvin探针扫描静电卡盘的基准介电支撑表面而生成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该静电卡盘是Coulombic静电卡盘或Johnsen-Rahbek静电卡盘。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该介电支撑表面由Al2O3组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该静电卡盘是Johnsen-Rahbek静电卡盘;以及该介电支撑表面由质量百分比分别为94%Al2O3、4%SiO2、1%TiO2和1%CaO组成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该静电卡盘是Coulombic静电卡盘;以及该介电支撑表面由大于或等于99%Al2O3组成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该静电卡盘进一步包括金属基底,该介电支撑表面覆盖该金属基底。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该介电支撑表面包括烧结的层压板,包括在两个电介质层之间的图案化的耐火材料电极。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中该金属基底包括RF和DC功率输入、用于起顶销的通孔、氦气通道、用于温度控制流体循环的通道和温度感应装置。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该扫描在室温条件下执行。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括将该静电卡盘安装在等离子蚀刻室中。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,进一步包括在该静电卡盘上支撑晶片,并使该晶片经受等离子蚀刻。
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US8022718B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
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