CN101959681A - 包含塑料或金属箔的多层复合材料，相应生产方法及其用途 - Google Patents
包含塑料或金属箔的多层复合材料，相应生产方法及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101959681A CN101959681A CN2009801068649A CN200980106864A CN101959681A CN 101959681 A CN101959681 A CN 101959681A CN 2009801068649 A CN2009801068649 A CN 2009801068649A CN 200980106864 A CN200980106864 A CN 200980106864A CN 101959681 A CN101959681 A CN 101959681A
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- polyurethane
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含如下组分的多层复合材料：(A)塑料或金属箔，(B)任选至少一层粘合层，和(C)聚氨酯层，其具有穿过聚氨酯层整个厚度的毛细管。
Description
本发明涉及包含如下组分的多层复合材料：
(A)塑料或金属箔，
(B)任选至少一层粘合层，和
(C)聚氨酯层，其具有穿过聚氨酯层整个厚度的毛细管。
本发明还涉及一种生产本发明多层复合材料的方法及其用途。
在许多应用中如在包装中需要塑料箔和金属箔。它们的机械特性、外观和手感在某些应用中非常受欢迎。例如，高透明度塑料箔非常流行作为包装材料用于制品如衬衫、香烟、贺片、图书或桌布。同样，金属箔，尤其是铝箔，经发现具有广泛应用领域，例如用作饮料瓶的封条，尤其是啤酒瓶的封条。但它们的手感确实不支持将如此包装的制品长期握在手里。例如由汗渍或指纹引起的污渍很明显且无美感。
金属箔或尤其是塑料箔在电气和电子设备如移动电话(手机)的制造中特别重要，尤其因为它们具有深冲性/热成形性且极易符合所述设备的形状。然而，塑料箔对手持电子设备而言具有不足的手感性能。
本发明的目的是加工箔如金属箔或塑料箔以使得它们具有引人视觉外观和愉悦触觉并且不受指纹、汗迹和湿气影响。
经发现该目的由开头定义的多层复合材料实现。该材料包含如下组分：
(A)塑料或金属箔，
(B)任选至少一层粘合层，和
(C)聚氨酯层，其具有穿过聚氨酯层整个厚度的毛细管。
塑料或金属箔(A)在本文意指由金属或天然或优选合成聚合物构成的片状结构，其厚度可以为0.5μm至1mm，优选1μm至0.5mm，更优选至多0.15mm。塑料和金属箔(A)在本文还概括在术语箔(A)下。
箔(A)优选可通过手(即不借助工具)弯曲。
金属优选银、金、锡及特别是铝。
塑料优选为聚烯烃如聚乙烯和聚丙烯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚氯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯。提及聚烯烃如聚乙烯和聚丙烯应理解为指乙烯和丙烯与其它烯烃如丙烯酸或1-烯烃的共聚物以及乙烯均聚物和丙烯均聚物。聚乙烯例如应理解为尤其意指与0.1至低于50重量％一种或多种1-烯烃(如丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯或1-十二烯，其中优选丙烯、1-丁烯和1-己烯)的乙烯共聚物。聚丙烯应理解为尤其意指与0.1至低于50重量％乙烯和/或一种或多种1-烯烃(如1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯或1-十二烯，其中优选乙烯、1-丁烯和1-己烯)的丙烯共聚物。聚丙烯优选应理解为意指基本全同立构聚丙烯。
聚乙烯箔可由HDPE或LDPE或LLDPE制造。
聚酰胺箔优选衍生于尼龙-6。
聚酯箔优选聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯箔及特别是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)箔。
聚碳酸酯箔优选衍生于使用双酚A得到的聚碳酸酯。
聚氯乙烯箔为由增塑聚氯乙烯和未增塑聚氯乙烯制成的箔，其中增塑聚氯乙烯还包含氯乙烯与乙酸乙烯酯和/或丙烯酸酯的共聚物。
塑料箔在本文也可以包括层压箔，例如包含一种上述箔和金属箔或纸的箔。
本发明多层复合材料还包含至少一层聚氨酯层(C)，其具有延伸通过聚氨酯层整个厚度的毛细管。具有穿过聚氨酯层整个厚度的毛细管的聚氨酯层(C)在本文也简称为聚氨酯层(C)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯层(C)的平均厚度为15-300μm，优选20-150μm，更优选25-80μm。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，聚氨酯层(C)具有延伸通过聚氨酯层(C)整个厚度(横截面)的毛细管。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯层(C)每100cm2具有平均至少100个，优选至少250个毛细管。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，毛细管的平均直径为0.005-0.05mm，优选0.009-0.03mm。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，毛细管在聚氨酯层(C)上均匀分布。然而，在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，毛细管在聚氨酯层(C)上非均匀分布。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，毛细管基本上为弧形。在本发明的另一个实施方案中，毛细管基本上为直线形。
毛细管赋予聚氨酯层(C)空气和水蒸气渗透性而不需要穿孔。在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯层(C)的水蒸气渗透性可以在1.5mg/cm2·h以上，根据德国标准规范DIN 53333测量。因此例如湿气如汗可以通过聚氨酯层(C)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯层(C)除毛细管外还具有不穿过聚氨酯层(C)整个厚度的孔。
在一个实施方案中，聚氨酯层(C)具有图案。图案可以自由选择且例如可以复制皮革或木材表面的图案。在本发明的一个实施方案中，图案可以复制正绒面革。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯层(C)具有丝绒状外观。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，图案可对应于绒面，例如具有平均长度为20-500μm，优选30-200μm，更优选60-100μm的小毛状物。小毛状物例如可以具有圆状直径。在本发明的一个特殊实施方案中，小毛状物为锥形。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯层(C)具有彼此平均间距为50-350μm，优选100-250μm的小毛状物。
当聚氨酯层(C)具有小毛状物时，关于平均厚度的陈述应用于无小毛状物的聚氨酯层(C)。
聚氨酯层(C)优选经由至少一层粘合层(B)粘合至箔(A)上。
粘合层(B)可以包含间断(即不连续)的优选固化有机粘合剂层。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，粘合层(B)包含以点、带或格形式(例如以菱形、长方形、正方形或蜂窝结构)施用的层。在那种情况下，聚氨酯层(C)在粘合层(B)的间隙中与箔(A)接触。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，粘合层(B)包含连续层。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，粘合层(B)包含例如基于聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚丙烯酸酯或尤其是聚氨酯，优选基于玻璃化转变温度在0℃以下的聚氨酯的固化有机粘合剂层。
有机粘合剂例如可以通过光化辐射或通过老化而热固化。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，粘合层(B)包含粘合网。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，粘合层(B)的最大厚度为100μm，优选50μm，更优选30μm，最优选15μm。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，粘合层(B)可以包含微球。微球在本文为平均直径为5-20μm且由聚合物材料(尤其是卤化聚合物如聚氯乙烯或聚偏氯乙烯或氯乙烯与偏氯乙烯的共聚物)组成的球形颗粒。微球可以是空的或优选填充有沸点稍微低于室温的物质，例如填充有正丁烷，尤其是异丁烷。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯层(C)可以经由至少两层具有相同或不同组成的粘合层(B)粘合至箔(A)上。一个粘合层(B)可以包含颜料而另一粘合层(B)不含颜料。
在一个方案中，一个粘合层(B)可以包含微球而另一粘合层(B)不含微球。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，本发明多层复合材料可以不具有其它层。在本发明的另一个实施方案中，本发明多层复合材料可以包含至少一层设置在箔(A)和粘合层(B)之间、粘合层(B)和聚氨酯层(C)之间或两个可以相同或不同的粘合层(B)之间的中间层(D)。中间层(D)选自织物、纸、毡材(battmaterial)以及合成材料如聚丙烯或聚氨酯的毡材(非机织织物)，尤其是热塑性聚氨酯的非机织织物。
在本发明内容中，模制品不构成中间层(D)的实施方案。
在其中本发明多层复合材料包含至少一层中间层(D)的那些实施方案中，聚氨酯层(C)优选与中间层(D)而不与箔(A)直接接触。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，中间层(D)的平均直径(厚度)可以为0.05mm至5cm，优选0.1mm至0.5cm，更优选0.2mm至2mm。
优选中间层(D)的水蒸气渗透性大于1.5mg/cm2·h，根据德国标准规范DIN 53333测量。
本发明多层复合材料具有高机械强度和坚牢度。它们还可具有高水蒸气和空气渗透性。溢出的液滴容易除去，例如用布除去。本发明多层复合材料还具有引人外观和非常愉悦的柔软手感。
本发明多层复合材料例如在需要引人包装时可用作包装材料，以及用于装饰。本发明多层复合材料还可用于装饰。此外，本发明多层复合材料可以背面发泡或背面模塑且如此得到的结构组件可广泛使用，例如用于机车领域。
此外，本发明多层复合材料可深冲/热成形且例如覆盖在电子和电气设备上。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，本发明多层复合材料有利地用于高价印刷产品如手册、小册子、传单、说明书、目录册，尤其是用于年度报告和书，例如图书封面。
本发明还提供了一种生产本发明多层复合材料的方法，在本文中也称为本发明生产方法。本发明生产方法的一个实施方案这样进行：借助模形成聚氨酯层(C)，将至少一种有机粘合剂均匀或部分地施用至箔(A)和/或聚氨酯层(C)上并随后将聚氨酯层(C)逐点、逐条或逐面粘合至所述箔(A)上。
可吸收材料(B)和片材(A)的定义及生产如上所述。可吸收材料(B)优选包含超吸收剂(B)。片材(A)优选包含织物片材(A)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，本发明多层复合材料通过如下涂布方法生产：首先提供聚氨酯膜(C)，每种情况下在一个表面上用有机粘合剂部分地，例如以图案形式至少涂布箔(A)或聚氨酯膜(C)或涂布两者，然后使这两个表面相互接触。之后，如此可得到的体系可另外一起压制或热处理或在加热下一起压制。
聚氨酯膜(C)后来形成本发明多层复合材料的聚氨酯层(C)。聚氨酯膜(C)可如下生成：将聚氨酯水分散体施用至预热的模上，允许水蒸发并随后将所得聚氨酯膜(C)转移至箔(A)上。
聚氨酯水分散体可通过常规方法，尤其是通过例如用喷枪喷雾而施用至模上。
模可以具有图案(也称为结构化)，例如通过激光雕刻或通过用阴模模塑。
本发明的一个实施方案包括提供具有弹性层或在载体上包含弹性层的层复合物的模，其中弹性层包含粘合剂以及合适的话其它添加剂和辅助材料。提供模则可包括如下步骤：
1)将包含添加剂和/或合适的话辅助材料的液体粘合剂施用至图案化表面，例如另一个模或原始图案，
2)例如通过热固化、辐射固化或通过老化使粘合剂固化，
3)将如此可得到的模分离以及合适的话将其施用至载体如金属板或金属筒上。
本发明的一个实施方案通过将液体聚硅氧烷施用至图案上而进行，聚硅氧烷可以老化并因此固化且随后剥离。聚硅氧烷膜随后粘附在铝载体上。
本发明的一个优选实施方案提供了包含可激光雕刻层或在载体上包含可激光雕刻层的层复合物的模，可激光雕刻层包含粘合剂以及合适的话其它添加剂和辅助材料。可激光雕刻层也优选为弹性的。
在一个优选的实施方案中，提供模包含如下步骤：
1)提供可激光雕刻层或在载体上包含可激光雕刻层的层复合物，可激光雕刻层包含粘合剂以及优选添加剂和辅助材料，
2)热化学、光化学或光化放大可激光雕刻层，
3)使用激光雕刻可激光雕刻层，表面结构对应于表面结构化涂层的表面结构。
优选弹性的可激光雕刻层或层复合物可以且优选存在于载体上。合适载体的实例包括织物以及聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺或聚碳酸酯的自支撑膜/片，优选PET或PEN自支撑膜/片。
可用的载体同样包括纸和例如纤维素的编织物。作为载体也可以使用所述材料的锥形或柱形套管。还适用于套管的有玻璃纤维织物或包含玻璃纤维和聚合物构造材料的复合材料。合适的载体材料进一步包括金属载体如铝、钢、可磁化弹簧钢或其它铝合金的固体或织物状、片状或柱状载体。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，载体可以涂布有促粘层来为可激光雕刻层提供更好的粘附。本发明的另一实施方案不需要促粘层。
可激光雕刻层包含至少一种粘合剂，粘合剂可以是在热化学放大过程中反应形成聚合物的预聚物。合适的粘合剂可以根据可激光雕刻层或模所需的性能(例如对于硬度、弹性或柔性)选择。合适的粘合剂基本上可分成三类，这里不用刻意限制粘合剂。
第一类包括具有烯属不饱和基团的那些粘合剂。烯属不饱和基团可借助光化学、热化学、电子束或其任意所需组合交联。此外，可以借助填料机械放大。这类粘合剂例如为包含呈聚合形式的1，3-二烯单体如异戊二烯或1，3-丁二烯的那些。烯属不饱和基团可以用作聚合物的链结构单元(1，4-结合)，或它可以键合至聚合物链上作为侧基(1，2-结合)。作为实例可以提及天然橡胶、聚丁二烯、聚异戊二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、腈-丁二烯橡胶、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)共聚物、丁基橡胶、苯乙烯-异戊二烯橡胶、聚氯丁二烯、聚降冰片烯橡胶、乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体(EPDM)橡胶或具有烯属不饱和基团的聚氨酯弹性体。
其它实例包括链烯基芳烃和1，3-二烯类的热塑性弹性嵌段共聚物。嵌段共聚物可以包括线性嵌段共聚物或星形嵌段共聚物。通常它们是A-B-A三嵌段共聚物，但它们也可以包括A-B型二嵌段共聚物，或具有多个交替弹性和热塑性嵌段的那些如A-B-A-B-A型。也可以使用两种或更多种不同嵌段共聚物的混合物。市售三嵌段共聚物经常包含一定比例的二嵌段共聚物。二烯单元可以是1，2-或1，4-链接。可以使用苯乙烯-丁二烯型以及苯乙烯-异戊二烯型嵌段共聚物。它们例如在
名下商购。还可以使用具有苯乙烯末端嵌段和无规苯乙烯-丁二烯中间嵌段的热塑性弹性嵌段共聚物，其在
名下获得。
其它具有烯属不饱和基团的粘合剂的实例包括其中通过接枝反应将可交联基团引入聚合物分子中的改性粘合剂。
第二组包括具有官能基团的那些粘合剂。官能基团可借助光化学、热化学、电子束或其任意所需组合交联。此外，可以借助填料机械放大。合适官能团的实例包括-Si(HR1)O-、-Si(R1R2)O-、-OH、-NH2、-NHR1、-COOH、-COOR1、-COHN2、-O-C(O)NHR1、-SO3H或-CO-。粘合剂的实例包括聚硅氧烷弹性体、丙烯酸酯橡胶、乙烯-丙烯酸酯橡胶、乙烯-丙烯酸橡胶或乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯橡胶及其部分水解的衍生物，热塑性弹性聚氨酯、磺化聚乙烯或热塑性弹性聚酯。在上式中，R1和-存在的话-R2不同或优选相同且各自选自有机基团，尤其是C1-C6烷基。
本发明的一个实施方案包括使用具有烯属不饱和基团和官能基团两者的粘合剂。实例包括具有官能基团和烯属不饱和基团的加成-交联聚硅氧烷弹性体，丁二烯与(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸或丙烯腈的共聚物，以及丁二烯或异戊二烯与具有官能团的苯乙烯衍生物的共聚物或嵌段共聚物，实例为丁二烯与4-羟基苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物。
第三组粘合剂包括既不具有烯属不饱和基团也不具有官能基团的那些。这里例如可以提及聚烯烃或乙烯-丙烯弹性体或通过氢化二烯单元得到的产物，例如SEBS橡胶。
包含无烯属不饱和基团或官能基团的粘合剂的聚合物层通常必须借助机械、高能辐射或其组合放大以允许经由激光的最佳松脆结构性。
还可以使用两种或更多种粘合剂的混合物，在这种情况下在任意一种混合物中的两种或更多种粘合剂可以都仅来自所述一组或可以来自两组或全部三组。可用的组合仅限制在如下情况下：聚合物层对于激光结构化操作和阴模模塑操作的合适性一定不能受到不利影响。可能有利的是例如使用至少一种不具有官能基团的弹性粘合剂与至少一种其它具有官能基团或烯属不饱和基团的粘合剂的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，粘合剂在弹性层或具体可激光雕刻层中的比例基于具体弹性层或具体可激光雕刻层中的所有组分的总和为30-99重量％，优选40-95重量％，最优选50-90重量％。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯层(C)借助聚硅氧烷模形成。聚硅氧烷模在本文中为使用至少一种每分子具有至少一个且优选至少三个O-Si(R1R2)-O-基团的粘合剂制备的模，其中变量各自如上所定义。
任选弹性层或可激光雕刻层可以包含反应性低分子量或低聚化合物。低聚化合物通常分子量不超过20000g/mol。反应性低分子量和低聚化合物在后文中简称为单体。
需要的话，可以加入单体以增加光化学或热化学交联或借助高能辐射交联的速率。当使用第一和第二组的粘合剂时，加速单体的加入通常不是绝对必要的。在第三组粘合剂情况下，单体的加入通常是可取的，但在每种情况下不是绝对必要的。
不顾交联速率的问题，单体还可用于控制交联密度。取决于所加低分子量化合物的特性和数量，得到较宽或较窄网状物。首先可以使用已知烯属不饱和单体。单体应基本上与粘合剂相容且具有至少一个光化学或热化学反应性基团。它们不应具有挥发性。优选合适单体的沸点为至少150℃。特别合适的是丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与单或多官能醇、胺、氨基醇或羟基醚及羟基酯的酰胺，苯乙烯或取代苯乙烯，富马酸或马来酸的酯，或烯丙基化合物。实例包括丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、1，4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1，6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、1，6-己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1，9-壬二醇二丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、富马酸二辛酯、N-十二烷基马来酰亚胺和异氰脲酸酯三烯丙酯。
适合于热化学放大的单体特别包含反应性低分子量聚硅氧烷如环状硅氧烷，Si-H-官能硅氧烷，具有烷氧基或酯基的硅氧烷，含硫硅氧烷和硅烷，二元醇如1，4-丁二醇、1，6-己二醇、1，8-辛二醇、1，9-壬二醇、二胺如1，6-己二胺、1，8-辛二胺，氨基醇如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、丁基乙醇胺、二羧酸如1，6-己烷二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、马来酸或富马酸。
还可以使用具有烯属不饱和基团和官能基团的单体。作为实例可以提及(甲基)丙烯酸ω-羟基烷基酯，例如乙二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1，4-丁二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯或1，6-己二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
当然还可以使用不同单体的混合物，条件是该混合物不会不利地影响弹性层的性能。通常，所加单体的量基于弹性层或具体可激光雕刻层所有组分的量为0-40重量％，优选1-20重量％。
在一个实施方案中，一种或多种单体可与一种或多种催化剂一起使用。因此可以通过加入一种或多种酸来促成聚硅氧烷模或经由有机锡化合物加速提供模的步骤2)。合适的有机锡化合物可以为：二月桂酸二正丁基锡、二辛酸二正丁基锡、二-2-乙基己酸二正丁基锡、二-2-乙基己酸二正辛基锡和二正丁基双(1-氧代新癸氧基)锡烷。
弹性层或可激光雕刻层可以进一步包含添加剂和辅助材料如IR吸收剂、染料、分散剂、抗静电剂、增塑剂或研磨剂颗粒。该类添加剂和辅助材料的量基于弹性层或具体可激光雕刻层所有组分的量通常不超过30重量％。
弹性层或可激光雕刻层可由多个单层构造。这些单层可以具有相同的材料组成、基本上相同的材料组成或不同材料组成。可激光雕刻层的厚度或所有单层一起的厚度通常为0.1-10mm，优选0.5-3mm。厚度可取决于激光雕刻操作和阴模模塑操作的与用途有关及机械有关的加工参数而合适的选择。
弹性层或可激光雕刻层可以任选进一步包含厚度不超过300μm的顶层。这种顶层的组成可根据最佳雕刻性和机械稳定性选择，而下层的组成根据最佳硬度或弹性选择。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，顶层本身可激光雕刻或可在激光雕刻操作过程中与下层一起移除。顶层包含至少一种粘合剂。它还可以包含激光辐射吸收剂或单体或助剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚硅氧烷模包括借助激光雕刻结构化的聚硅氧烷模。
对本发明方法非常特别有利的是使用热塑性弹性粘合剂或聚硅氧烷弹性体。当使用热塑性弹性粘合剂时，优选通过在支撑膜/片和覆盖膜/片或压延后的覆盖元件如EP-A 0 084 851中公布的苯胺印刷元件。甚至较厚层可以此方式通过单一操作产生。多层元件可通过共挤出产生。
对于借助激光雕刻使模结构化，优选在激光雕刻操作之前通过加热(热化学)、暴露于UV光(光化学)或暴露于高能辐射(光化)或其任意所需组合来放大可激光雕刻层。
之后，例如借助胶带、减压、夹紧装置或磁力将可激光雕刻层或层复合物施用至柱形(暂用)载体(如塑料、玻璃纤维增强塑料、金属或泡沫)上，并如上所述雕刻。该层复合物的平面层也可以选择如上所述雕刻。任选可激光雕刻层在激光雕刻操作期间使用带有去除雕刻残渣的清洁剂的旋转筒式洗涤器或连续洗涤器洗涤。
模可作为阴模或阳模以所述方式产生。
在第一方案中，模有凹结构，因此可粘合至箔(A)上的涂层可直接通过将液体塑料材料施用至模表面并随后固化聚氨酯而得到。
在第二方案中，模有凸结构，因此首先由激光结构化阳模产生阴模。可粘合至片状载体的涂层随后可由该阴模通过将液体塑料材料施用至阴模表面并随后固化塑料材料而得到。
优选将尺寸为10-500μm的结构元件刻入模中。结构元件可呈凸起或凹陷形式。优选结构元件具有简单的几何形状且例如为圆形、椭圆形、正方形、菱形、三角形和星形。结构元件可以形成规则或不规则屏。实例为典型点屏或随机屏，例如调频屏。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，使用激光在模内刻出平均深度为50-250μm且中心间距为50-250μm的阱。
例如，可以雕刻模使得在模表面具有直径为10-500μm的阱。在模表面的直径优选20-250μm，更优选30-150μm。阱间距例如可以为10-500μm，优选20-200μm，更优选至多80μm。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，模优选具有表面细微结构以及表面粗糙结构。粗糙结构和细微结构都可以通过激光雕刻产生。细微结构例如可以为糙度幅度为1-30μm且糙度频率为0.5-30μm的微糙度。微糙度的尺寸优选为1-20μm，更优选2-15μm，更优选3-10μm。
IR激光器尤其适用于激光雕刻。然而，也可以使用具有较短波长的激光器，条件是激光器具有足够强度。例如，可以使用双频(532nm)或三频(355nm)Nd-YAG激光器，或受激准分子激光器(例如248nm)。激光雕刻操作可以例如使用波长为10640nm的CO2激光器。特别优选使用波长为600-2000nm的激光器。例如可以使用Nd-YAG激光器(1064nm)、IR二极管激光器或固态激光器。特别优选Nd-YAG激光器。待雕刻图像信息直接由设计计算机系统转移至激光仪器上。激光器可以连续或以脉冲模式操作。
所得模通常可以直接生产使用。需要的话，所得模可以另外清洁。此清洁步骤从表面除去松动但可能仍未完全分离的层组分。通常，用水、水/表面活性剂、醇或惰性有机清洁剂(优选低溶胀)简单处理就足够。
在另一步骤中，将聚氨酯的含水配制剂施用至模上。该施用优选通过喷雾进行。当施用聚氨酯配制剂时，该模应已加热至例如至少80℃，优选至少90℃的温度。来自聚氨酯含水配制剂的水蒸发并在固化聚氨酯层中形成毛细管。
含水就聚氨酯分散体而言应理解为意指聚氨酯分散体包含水，但基于分散体少于5重量％，优选少于1％重量的有机溶剂。特别优选不存在可检测挥发性有机溶剂。挥发性有机溶剂在本文中指沸点在标准压力下至多200℃的这类有机溶剂。
聚氨酯水分散体可以具有的固体含量为5-60重量％，优选10-50重量％，更优选25-45重量％。
聚氨酯(PU)为常识，可商购且通常包含较高分子量多羟基化合物(例如聚碳酸酯、聚酯或聚醚片段)的软相和由低分子量扩链剂和二-或多异氰酸酯形成的氨基甲酸酯硬相。
制备聚氨酯(PU)的方法为常识。通常，聚氨酯(PU)通过(a)异氰酸酯，优选二异氰酸酯与(b)通常分子量(Mw)为500-1000g/mol，优选500-5000g/mol，更优选800-3000g/mol的异氰酸酯反应性化合物和(c)分子量为50-499g/mol的扩链剂合适的话在(d)催化剂和/或(e)常规添加剂材料存在下的反应而制备。
下文中将通过举例描述制备优选聚氨酯(PU)的起始组分和方法。现在将通过举例描述常用于制备聚氨酯(PU)的组分(a)、(b)、(c)以及合适的话(d)和/或(e)。
作为异氰酸酯(a)，可以使用常知的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族和/或芳族异氰酸酯，例如三、四、五、六、七和/或八亚甲基二异氰酸酯，2-甲基五亚甲基-1，5-二异氰酸酯，2-乙基亚丁基-1，4-二异氰酸酯，五亚甲基-1，5-二异氰酸酯，亚丁基-1，4-二异氰酸酯，1-异氰酸酯基-3，3，5-三甲基-5-异氰酸酯基甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，IPDI)，1，4-和/或1，3-双(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷(HXDI)，1，4-环己烷二异氰酸酯，1-甲基-2，4-和/或-2，6-环己烷二异氰酸酯和/或4，4’-、2，4’-和2，2’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯，2，2’-、2，4’-和/或4，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)，1，5-萘二异氰酸酯(NDI)，2，4-和/或2，6-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)，二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，3，3’-二甲基联苯二异氰酸酯，1，2-二苯基乙烷二异氰酸酯和/或苯二异氰酸酯。优选使用4，4’-MDI。还优选脂族二异氰酸酯，尤其是六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)，特别优选芳族二异氰酸酯如2，2’-、2，4’-和/或4，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)及上述异构体的混合物。
作为异氰酸酯反应性化合物(b)，可以使用常知的异氰酸酯反应性化合物，实例为聚酯醇、聚醚醇和/或聚碳酸酯二醇，其通常也概括在术语“多元醇”下，分子量(Mw)为500-8000g/mol，优选600-6000g/mol，尤其是800-3000g/mol，且优选平均官能度对异氰酸酯而言为1.8-2.3，优选1.9-2.2，尤其是2。优选使用聚醚多元醇，例如基于常知起始物质和常规氧化烯(例如氧化乙烯、1，2-氧化丙烯和/或1，2-氧化丁烯)的那些，优选基于聚氧四亚甲基(聚THF)、1，2-氧化丙烯和氧化乙烯的聚醚醇。聚醚醇的优点在于比聚酯醇具有更高的水解稳定性，且优选用作组分(b)，尤其用于制备软聚氨酯(PU1)。
作为聚碳酸酯二醇，尤其可以提及脂族聚碳酸酯二醇，例如1，4-丁二醇聚碳酸酯和1，6-己二醇聚碳酸酯。
作为聚酯二醇，可以提及可通过至少一种伯二醇，优选至少一种脂族伯二醇如乙二醇、1，4-丁二醇、1，6-己二醇、新戊二醇或更优选1，4-二羟基甲基环己烷(作为异构体混合物)或至少两种上述二醇的混合物与至少一种，优选至少两种二羧酸或其酸酐的缩聚得到的那些。优选的二羧酸为脂族二羧酸如己二酸、戊二酸、丁二酸和芳族二羧酸如邻苯二甲酸以及尤其是间苯二甲酸。
聚醚醇优选通过在高活性催化剂存在下将氧化烯，尤其是氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯及其混合物加成至二醇(如乙二醇、1，2-丙二醇、1，2-丁二醇、1，4-丁二醇、1，3-丙二醇)上或加成至三醇(如甘油)上而制备。这类高活性催化剂例如有氢氧化铯和双金属氰化物催化剂(还已知作为DMC催化剂)。六氰钴酸锌为常用的DMC催化剂。DMC催化剂可在反应后留在聚醚醇中，但优选除去，例如通过沉降或过滤除去。
可以使用各种多元醇的混合物替代仅一种多元醇。
为了提高分散性，异氰酸酯反应性化合物(b)还可以包含一定比例的一种或多种具有羧酸基团或磺酸基团(b’)的二醇或二胺，尤其是1，1-二羟甲基丁酸、1，1--二羟甲基丙酸或下式酸的碱金属或铵盐。
有用的扩链剂(c)包括分子量为50-499g/mol且具有至少两个官能基团的常知脂族、芳脂族、芳族和/或脂环族化合物，优选每分子恰好具有两个官能基团的化合物，实例为亚烷基中具有2-10个碳原子的二胺和/或链烷二醇，尤其是1，3-丙二醇、1，4-丁二醇、1，6-己二醇和/或每分子具有3-8个碳原子的二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九和/或十亚烷基二醇，优选对应的低聚和/或聚丙二醇，也可以使用扩链剂(c)的混合物。
特别优选组分(a)-(c)包含二官能化合物，即二异氰酸酯(a)，二官能多元醇，优选聚醚醇(b)和二官能扩链剂，优选二醇。
尤其加速二异氰酸酯(a)的NCO基团和结构单元组分(b)和(c)的羟基之间反应的可用催化剂(d)为常规叔胺，例如三乙基胺、二甲基环己基胺、N-甲基吗啉、N，N’-二甲基哌嗪、2-(二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙醇、二氮杂双环[2，2，2]辛烷(DABCO)及类似叔胺，以及尤其是有机金属化合物如钛酸酯，铁化合物如乙酰丙酮铁(III)，锡化合物如二乙酸锡、二辛酸锡、二月桂酸锡或脂族羧酸的锡二烷基盐如二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡等。催化剂的用量通常为0.0001-0.1重量份/100重量份组分(b)。
除了催化剂(d)，还可以将助剂和/或添加剂(e)加入组分(a)-(c)中。这里例如可以提及发泡剂、防结块剂、表面活性剂、填料(例如基于纳米颗粒的填料，尤其是基于CaCO3的填料)、成核剂、助流剂、燃料和颜料、抗氧化剂(例如抗水解、光、热或脱色)、无机和/或有机填料、增强剂和增塑剂、金属钝化剂。在优选的实施方案中，组分(e)还包括水解稳定剂如聚合的低分子量碳二亚胺。软聚氨酯优选基于所软聚氨酯的总重量以0.1-5重量％的量包含三唑和/或三唑衍生物和抗氧化剂。有用的抗氧化剂通常为在要保护的塑料材料中抑制或防止不想要氧化过程的物质。通常，抗氧化剂可商购。抗氧化剂的实例为空间受阻酚、芳胺、协同增效剂、三价磷的有机磷化合物和受阻胺光稳定剂。空间受阻酚的实例参见Plastics AdditiveHandbook(塑料添加剂手册)，第5版，H.Zweifel等人，Hanser Publisher，Munich，2001([1])，第98-107页及第116-121页。芳胺的实例参见[1]，第107-108页。协同增效剂的实例参见[1]，第104-105页及第112-113页。亚磷酸酯的实例参见[1]，第109-112页。受阻胺光稳定剂的实例参见[1]，第123-136页。酚类抗氧化剂优选以抗氧化剂混合物使用。在优选的实施方案中，抗氧化剂，尤其是酚类抗氧化剂的摩尔质量大约350g/mol，更优选大于700g/mol，且最大摩尔质量(Mw)不超过10000g/mol，优选至多不超过3000g/mol。它们还优选具有不超过180℃的沸点。进一步优选使用非晶态或液态的抗氧化剂。两种或更多种抗氧化剂的混合物同样可用作组分(e)。
除了所述组分(a)、(b)和(c)及合适的话(d)和(e)外，还可以使用常规分子量为31-3000g/mol的链调节剂(链终止剂)。这类链调节剂为仅具有一个异氰酸酯反应性官能基团的化合物，实例为单官能醇、单官能胺和/或单官能多元醇。这类链调节剂可以调节流动行为，尤其在软聚氨酯情况下，可以调节至特定值。链调节剂通常可以基于100重量份组分(b)以0-5重量份，优选0.1-1重量份的量使用且定义在组分(c)的范围内。
除了所述组分(a)、(b)和(c)及合适的话(d)和(e)外，还可以在聚氨酯形成反应接近结束时使用具有两个或更多个异氰酸酯反应性官能基团的交联剂，例如水合肼。
为了调整聚氨酯(PU)的硬度，组分(b)和(c)可在较宽摩尔比范围内选择。可用的是组分(b)与全部扩链剂(c)的摩尔比在10∶1至1∶1，尤其是1∶1至1∶4，软聚氨酯的硬度随着(c)含量的增加而增长。生产聚氨酯(PU)的反应可以在0.8-1.4∶1，优选0.9-1.2∶1，更优选1.05-1.2∶1的指标下进行。该指标由反应中所用组分(a)的所有异氰酸酯基团与组分(b)及合适的话(c)及合适的话单官能异氰酸酯反应性组分如链终止剂如一元醇的异氰酸酯反应性基团(即活性氢)的比例定义。
聚氨酯(PU)可通过常规方法以连续方式例如通过一锅法或预聚物法制备，或通过常规预聚物操作分批制备。在这些方法中，反应物组分(a)、(b)、(c)及合适的话(d)和/或(e)可依次或同时混合且反应立即随之发生。
聚氨酯(PU)可通过常规方式分散在水中，例如通过将聚氨酯(PU)溶解在丙酮中或作为在丙酮中的溶液制备，将该溶液与水混合并随后例如通过蒸馏除去丙酮。在一个方案中，聚氨酯(PU)作为在N-甲基吡咯烷酮或N-乙基吡咯烷酮中的溶液制备，与水混合并除去N-甲基吡咯烷酮或N-乙基吡咯烷酮。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，本发明的水分散体包含两种不同聚氨酯-聚氨酯(PU1)和聚氨酯(PU2)，其中聚氨酯(PU1)为如上述聚氨酯(PU)构建的所谓软聚氨酯，以及至少一种硬聚氨酯(PU2)。
硬聚氨酯(PU2)原则可类似于软聚氨酯(PU1)制备，但使用其它异氰酸酯反应性化合物(b)或其它异氰酸酯反应性化合物(b)的混合物，在本文中也称为异氰酸酯反应性化合物(b2)或简称化合物(b2)。
化合物(b2)的实例尤其为彼此混合或与聚乙二醇混合的1，4-丁二醇、1，6-己二醇和新戊二醇。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，二异氰酸酯(a)和聚氨酯(PU2)各自为二异氰酸酯的混合物，例如HDI和IPDI的混合物，制备硬聚氨酯(PU2)比制备软聚氨酯(PU1)选择更大比例的IPDI。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯(PU2)具有60以上且不超过100的Shore A硬度，Shore A硬度根据德国标准规范DIN 53505在3s后测定。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯(PU2)的平均粒径为100-300nm，优选120-150nm，通过激光散射测定。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，软聚氨酯(PU1)的平均粒径为100-300nm，优选120-150nm，通过激光散射测定。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，软聚氨酯(PU2)的平均粒径为100-300nm，优选120-150nm，通过激光散射测定。
聚氨酯水分散体可以进一步包含至少一种固化剂，也可以称为交联剂。可用作固化剂的化合物能够例如基于热活化而一起交联多个聚氨酯分子。特别合适的是基于三聚二异氰酸酯，尤其是基于脂族二异氰酸酯如六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的交联剂。非常特别优选式Ia或Ib的交联剂，本文中也简称为化合物(V)，
其中R3、R4和R5可以不同或优选相同且各自选自A1-NCO和A1-NH-CO-X，其中A1为具有2-20个碳原子的间隔基，选自未取代或由1-4个C1-C4烷基取代的亚芳基，亚烷基和亚环烷基如1，4-亚环己基。优选的间隔基A1为亚苯基，尤其是对亚苯基，还有亚苄基，尤其是对亚苄基，以及C2-C12亚烷基如亚乙基(-CH2CH2-)及-(CH2)3-、-(CH2)4-、-(CH2)5-、-(CH2)6-、-(CH2)8-、-(CH2)10-、-(CH2)12-。X选自O(AO)xR6，其中
AO为C2-C4氧化烯，例如氧化丁烯，尤其是氧化乙烯(CH2CH2O)和氧化丙烯(CH(CH3)CH2O)或(CH2CH(CH3)O)，
x为1-50的整数，优选5-25，且R6选自氢和C1-C30烷基，尤其是C1-C10烷基如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1，2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、正壬基、正癸基，更优选C1-C4烷基如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基。
特别优选的化合物(V)为其中R3、R4和R5各自为相同(CH2)4-NCO、(CH2)6-NCO或(CH2)12-NCO的那些。
聚氨酯水分散体可以包含其它组分，例如(f)具有反应性基团的聚硅氧烷化合物，本文中也称为聚硅氧烷化合物(f)。
就聚硅氧烷化合物(f)而言反应性基团的实例例如为羧酸基团，羧酸衍生物如羧酸甲酯或羧酸酐，尤其是琥珀酸酐基团，更优选羧酸基团。
反应性基团的实例还包括伯和仲氨基，例如-NH(异-C3H7)、-NH(n-C3H7)、-NH(环-C6H11)和-NH(n-C4H9)，尤其是-NH(C2H5)和-NH(CH3)，且最优选-NH2。
还优选氨基烷基氨基，例如-NH-CH2-CH2-NH2、-NH-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2、-NH-CH2-CH2-NH(C2H5)、-NH-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH(C2H5)、-NH-CH2-CH2-NH(CH3)、-NH-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH(CH3)。
反应性基团直接或优选经由间隔基A2连接在聚硅氧烷化合物(f)上。间隔基A2选自未取代或由1-4个C1-C4烷基取代的亚芳基，亚烷基和亚环烷基如1，4-亚环己基。优选的间隔基A2为亚苯基，尤其是对亚苯基，还有亚苄基，尤其是对亚苄基，以及C2-C18亚烷基如亚乙基(-CH2CH2-)及-(CH2)3-、-(CH2)4-、-(CH2)5-、-(CH2)6-、-(CH2)8-、-(CH2)10-、-(CH2)12-、-(CH2)14-、-(CH2)16-和-(CH2)18-。
除了反应性基团外，聚硅氧烷化合物(f)包含非反应性基团，尤其是二-C1-C10烷基-SiO2基团或苯基-C1-C10烷基-SiO2基团，尤其是二甲基-SiO2基团，以及合适的话一个或多个Si(CH3)2-OH基团或Si(CH3)3基团。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚硅氧烷化合物(f)每分子具有平均1-4个反应性基团。
在本发明的一个有利实施方案中，聚硅氧烷化合物(f)每分子具有平均1-4个COOH基团。
在本发明的另一个有利实施方案中，聚硅氧烷化合物(f)每分子具有平均1-4个氨基或氨基烷基氨基。
聚硅氧烷化合物(f)包含呈链状或支化排列的Si-O-Si单元。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚硅氧烷化合物(f)的分子量Mn为500-10000g/mol，优选至多5000g/mol。
当聚硅氧烷化合物(f)每分子具有两个或更多个反应性基团时，这些反应性基团可-直接或借助间隔基A2-经由两个或更多个硅原子或成对经由相同硅原子连接在Si-O-Si链上。
反应性基团可-直接或经由间隔基A2-连接在聚硅氧烷化合物(f)的一个或多个末端硅原子上。在本发明的另一个实施方案中，反应性基团可-直接或经由间隔基A2-连接在聚硅氧烷化合物(f)的一个或多个非末端硅原子上。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯水分散体进一步包含既不具有氨基也不具有COOH基团的聚二-C1-C4烷基硅氧烷(g)，优选聚二甲基硅氧烷，在本文中也简称为聚二烷基硅氧烷(g)或聚二甲基硅氧烷(g)。
聚二烷基硅氧烷(g)中的C1-C4烷基可以不同或优选相同且选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基，其中优选未支化C1-C4烷基且特别优选甲基。
聚二烷基硅氧烷(g)且优选聚二甲基硅氧烷(g)优选包括具有Si-O-Si链的未支化聚硅氧烷或如每分子具有至多三个且优选不超过一个支链的这类聚硅氧烷。
聚二烷基硅氧烷(g)且尤其是聚二甲基硅氧烷(g)可以具有一个或多个Si(C1-C4烷基)2-OH基团。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯水分散体包含总共20-30重量％聚氨酯(PU)，或总共20-30重量％聚氨酯(PU1)和(PU2)，1-10重量％，优选2-5重量％固化剂，1-10重量％聚硅氧烷化合物(f)，0-10重量％，优选0.5-5重量％聚二烷基硅氧烷(g)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯水分散体包含10-30重量％软聚氨酯(PU1)和0-20重量％硬聚氨酯(PU2)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，本发明水分散体的固体含量总共为5-60重量％，优选10-50重量％，更优选25-45重量％。
这些重量％各自应用于活性或固体成分且基于本发明的整个水分散体。加至100重量％的剩余物优选连续相，例如水或一种或多种有机溶剂和水的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯水分散体包含至少一种添加剂(h)，其选自颜料、消光剂(antilusterants)、光稳定剂、抗静电剂、抗污剂、抗裂剂、增稠剂(尤其是基于聚氨酯的增稠剂)和微球。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，聚氨酯水分散体包含总共至多20重量％的添加剂(h)。
聚氨酯水分散体也可包含一种或多种有机溶剂。合适的有机溶剂例如为醇如乙醇或异丙醇以及尤其是二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇或四甘醇以及双或优选单C1-C4烷基醚化的二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇或四甘醇。合适有机溶剂的实例为乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、二丙二醇、1，2-二甲氧基乙烷、甲基三甘醇(“甲基三乙二醇”)和三甘醇正丁基醚(“丁基三甘醇”)。
聚氨酯水分散体可通过将聚氨酯(PU)、固化剂和聚硅氧烷化合物(f)与水及合适的话一种或多种上述有机溶剂混合而产生。需要的话还混入聚二烷基硅氧烷(g)和添加剂(h)。混合例如可采取搅拌的形式。聚氨酯(PU)、固化剂、聚硅氧烷化合物(f)与水及合适的话一种或多种上述有机溶剂以及-合适的话-聚二烷基硅氧烷(g)和添加剂(h)的加入顺序可自由选择。
优选将聚氨酯(PU)或软聚氨酯(PU1)和硬聚氨酯(PU2)分散在水或水与有机溶剂的混合物中并优选在搅拌下加入固化剂和聚硅氧烷化合物(f)以及需要的话聚二烷基硅氧烷(g)及和合适的话一种或多种有机溶剂。然而，优选不加入有机溶剂。
在有利的实施方案中，作为添加剂(h)实例的增稠剂最后加入从而将聚氨酯水分散体的粘度调节至所需值。
在聚氨酯层(C)固化以后，例如通过剥离将其从模中分离以得到聚氨酯膜(C)，其形成本发明多层复合材料中的聚氨酯层(C)。
在本发明生产方法的另一种操作中，优选将有机粘合剂非均匀地例如以点、格或带的形式施用至聚氨酯膜(C)或箔(A)上。在本发明的一个方案中，将一种优选有机粘合剂施用至聚氨酯膜(C)上且将一种优选有机粘合剂施用至箔(A)上，两种粘合剂不同，例如由于一种或多种添加剂或因为它们包含化学不同的优选有机粘合剂。之后，将聚氨酯膜(C)和箔(A)一起粘合使得粘合剂层留在聚氨酯膜(C)和箔(A)之间。粘合剂例如借助热、光化辐射或老化而固化得到本发明多层复合材料。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，在箔(A)和粘合层(B)之间、粘合层(B)和聚氨酯层(C)之间或两层粘合层(B)之间设置中间层(D)。
中间层(D)如上所定义。
中间层(D)的设置可借助人工或机械连续或分批完成。
本发明进一步提供了本发明多层复合材料作为或在制造包装材料例如箱、柜、盒、盖、包装纸或包装膜中的用途。包装材料也可以在一定程度上或主要用于装饰目的。本发明还提供了通过使用本发明多层复合材料构成或获得的包装材料。本发明进一步提供了本发明多层复合材料作为或在制造装饰材料中的用途。本发明还提供了通过使用本发明多层复合材料组成或得到的装饰材料。实例为花环和叠层结构。
本发明进一步提供了本发明多层复合材料在制造高价印刷产品如手册、小册子、传单、说明书、目录册，尤其是年度报告和图书，例如图书封面中的用途。
本发明还提供了通过使用优选可深冲/热成形的本发明多层复合材料得到的电气或电子设备，尤其是手机。
工作实施例进一步说明本发明。
I生产原料
I.1生产聚氨酯水分散体Disp.1
在搅拌容器中混合如下组分：
7重量％软聚氨酯(PU1.1)水分散体(粒径：125nm，固体含量：40％)，软聚氨酯(PU1.1)由如下物质制备：作为二异氰酸酯的重量比为13∶10的六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(a1.1)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(a1.2)与作为二醇的通过间苯二甲酸、己二酸和1，4-二羟基甲基环己烷(异构体混合物)以摩尔比1∶1∶2制备的分子量Mw为800g/mol的聚酯二醇(b1.1)，5重量％1，4-丁二醇(b1.2)及3重量％单甲基化聚乙二醇(c.1)以及3重量％H2N-CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2-COOH，重量％均基于聚酯二醇(b1.1)，软聚氨酯(PU1.1)的软化点为62℃，软化在55℃开始，Shore A硬度54，
65重量％硬聚氨酯(PU2.2)水分散体(粒径：150nm)，硬聚氨酯(PU2.2)可通过异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(a1.2)、1，4-丁二醇、1，1-二羟甲基丙酸、水合肼和分子量Mw为4200g/mol的聚丙二醇的反应得到，软化点为195℃，Shore A硬度86，
3.5重量％的化合物(V.1)在碳酸亚丙酯中的70重量％溶液，
6重量％的根据EP-A 0738747(f.1)中实施例2的聚硅氧烷化合物(f.1)的65重量％水分散体，
2重量％炭黑，
0.5重量％基于聚氨酯的增稠剂，
1重量％聚氯乙烯微球，用异丁烷填充，直径20μm，例如可由Akzo Nobel以
商购。
如此得到的水分散体Disp.1的固体含量为35％且运动粘度在23℃下为25秒，根据DIN EN ISO 2431(1996.5)测定。
I.2生产含水配制剂Disp.2
在搅拌容器中混合如下组分：
7重量％软聚氨酯(PU1.1)水分散体(粒径：125nm，固体含量：40％)，软聚氨酯(PU1.1)由如下物质制备：作为二异氰酸酯的重量比为13∶10的六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(a1.1)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(a1.2)与作为二醇的通过间苯二甲酸、己二酸和1，4-二羟基甲基环己烷(异构体混合物)以摩尔比1∶1∶2制备的分子量Mw为800g/mol的聚酯二醇(b1.1)，5重量％1，4-丁二醇(b1.2)，3重量％单甲基化聚乙二醇(c.1)以及3重量％H2N-CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2-COOH，重量％均基于聚酯二醇(b1.1)，软聚氨酯(PU1.1)的软化点为62℃，软化在55℃开始，Shore A硬度54，
65重量％硬聚氨酯(PU2.2)水分散体(粒径：150nm)，硬聚氨酯(PU2.2)可通过异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(a1.2)、1，4-丁二醇、1，1-二羟甲基丙酸、水合肼和分子量Mw为4200g/mol的聚丙二醇(b1.3)的反应得到，硬聚氨酯(PU2.2)软化点为195℃，Shore A硬度90，
3.5重量％的化合物(V.1)在碳酸亚丙酯中的70重量％溶液，
NCO含量12重量％，
2重量％炭黑。
如此得到的聚氨酯分散体Disp.2的固体含量为35％且运动粘度在23℃下为25秒，根据DIN EN ISO 2431(1996.5)测定。
II.生成模
将液体硅氧烷浇至具有全粒面牛皮纹理的表面上。通过加入二正丁基双(1-氧代新癸氧基)锡烷在四乙氧基硅烷中的25重量％溶液作为酸性固化剂使聚硅氧烷固化以得到平均厚度为2mm的硅胶层，将其用作模。将模粘在1.5mm厚的铝载体上。
III.将聚氨酯水分散体施用在来自II的模上。
将来自II的模置于可加热表面上并加热至91℃。然后通过喷嘴以88g/m2(湿)将Disp.1喷雾在模上。在施用期间没有空气混入，其使用直径为0.46mm的喷嘴在65巴的压力下完成。随后通过在91℃下固化直到表面不再胶粘。
将喷嘴置于在喷嘴下面经过的表面上方20cm，并且可在表面运送方向上移动，且与表面运送方向成横向移动。该表面花费约14秒经过喷嘴且温度为59℃。在85℃暴露于干热空气流约两分钟后，则产生聚氨酯膜(C.1)，其具有网状外观，几乎无水。
在类似装置中，之后直接将Disp.2在50g/m2(湿)下施用在如此涂布的模上作为粘合层(B.1)并随后干燥。
这样得到涂有聚氨酯膜(C.1)和粘合层(B.1)的模。
用Disp.2在30g/m2(湿)下喷雾基于双酚A且厚度为0.1mm的聚碳酸酯箔(A.1)。将如此喷雾的聚碳酸酯箔干燥几分钟。
IV.生产本发明多层复合材料
之后，将聚碳酸酯箔(A.1)的喷雾面置于与聚氨酯膜(C.1)一起在模上的仍热粘合层(B.1)上，并在压机中于4巴及110℃下压制15秒。随后将如此得到的本发明多层复合材料MSV.1从压机中取出并分离模。
如此得到的本发明多层复合材料MSV.1具有愉悦触感、与皮革表面等同的外观及优越透气性。此外，本发明多层复合材料MSV.1易于清洁污染物如灰尘。
MSV.1具有深冲性/热成形性。
Claims (17)
1.一种包含如下组分的多层复合材料：
(A)塑料或金属箔，
(B)任选至少一层粘合层，和
(C)聚氨酯层，其具有穿过聚氨酯层整个厚度的毛细管。
2.根据权利要求1的多层复合材料，其中所述塑料箔(A)选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚氯乙烯或聚苯乙烯的自撑膜/片。
3.根据权利要求1或2的多层复合材料，其中所述粘合层(B)包含固化有机粘合剂层。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的多层复合材料，其中所述聚氨酯层(C)具有图案。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的多层复合材料，其中所述聚氨酯层(C)具有丝绒状外观。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的多层复合材料，其中所述粘合层(B)包含间断的固化有机粘合剂层。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的多层复合材料，其额外包含至少一层设置在塑料或金属箔(A)和粘合层(B)之间、粘合层(B)和聚氨酯层(C)之间或两层粘合层(B)之间的中间层(D)，其中中间层(D)选自织物、毡材、皮革和开孔泡沫。
8.一种生产根据权利要求1-7中任一项的多层复合材料的方法，其包括借助模形成聚氨酯层(C)，将至少一种有机粘合剂均匀或部分地施用至塑料膜或金属箔(A)和/或聚氨酯层(C)上并随后将聚氨酯层(C)逐点、逐条或逐面粘合至塑料膜或金属箔(A)上。
9.根据权利要求8的方法，其中所述塑料箔(A)选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚氯乙烯或聚苯乙烯的自撑膜/片。
10.根据权利要求8或9的方法，其中所述聚氨酯层(C)借助聚硅氧烷模形成。
11.根据权利要求8-10中任一项的方法，其中所述聚硅氧烷模包括借助激光雕刻结构化的聚硅氧烷模。
12.根据权利要求8-11中任一项的方法，其中所述模通过使用激光在模内刻出平均深度为50-250μm且中心间距为50-250μm的阱而结构化。
13.根据权利要求8-12中任一项的方法，其中在所述塑料膜或金属箔(A)和所述粘合层(B)之间、所述粘合层(B)和聚氨酯层(C)之间或两层粘合层(B)之间设置中间层(D)。
14.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的多层复合材料作为包装材料的用途。
15.一种由根据权利要求1-7中任一项的多层复合材料构成或使用所述多层复合材料获得的包装材料。
16.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的多层复合材料作为装饰材料的用途。
17.一种由根据权利要求1-7中任一项的多层复合材料构成或使用所述多层复合材料获得的装饰材料。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08102076.0 | 2008-02-27 | ||
| EP08102076 | 2008-02-27 | ||
| PCT/EP2009/052108 WO2009106500A1 (de) | 2008-02-27 | 2009-02-23 | Mehrschichtige verbundmaterialien, die eine kunststoff- oder metallfolie umfassen, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung |
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| CN101959681A true CN101959681A (zh) | 2011-01-26 |
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| US (1) | US9855729B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP2247443B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP5639898B2 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN101959681A (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2698452T3 (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT2247443T (zh) |
| TR (1) | TR201816001T4 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2009106500A1 (zh) |
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| CN111132827A (zh) * | 2018-01-26 | 2020-05-08 | 布鲁克纳机械有限责任两合公司 | 线上涂覆的双轴取向聚丙烯箔及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104837645A (zh) * | 2012-10-12 | 2015-08-12 | 高压制图公司 | 柔性可热封装饰性制品及其制造方法 |
| CN110997312A (zh) * | 2017-08-24 | 2020-04-10 | 巴斯夫涂料有限公司 | 由膜、固体粘合剂聚合物和聚氨酯层制得的复合材料的制备 |
| CN111132827A (zh) * | 2018-01-26 | 2020-05-08 | 布鲁克纳机械有限责任两合公司 | 线上涂覆的双轴取向聚丙烯箔及其制备方法 |
| US11453025B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2022-09-27 | Brückner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG | In-line, coated, biaxially oriented polypropylene film and method for the production thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP5639898B2 (ja) | 2014-12-10 |
| JP2011513088A (ja) | 2011-04-28 |
| US9855729B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 |
| US20100316833A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
| TR201816001T4 (tr) | 2018-11-21 |
| PT2247443T (pt) | 2018-11-13 |
| EP2247443A1 (de) | 2010-11-10 |
| ES2698452T3 (es) | 2019-02-04 |
| EP2247443B1 (de) | 2018-08-22 |
| WO2009106500A1 (de) | 2009-09-03 |
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Application publication date: 20110126 |