CN101952153A - 控制混合车辆加速的方法 - Google Patents

控制混合车辆加速的方法 Download PDF

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CN101952153A
CN101952153A CN2008801244716A CN200880124471A CN101952153A CN 101952153 A CN101952153 A CN 101952153A CN 2008801244716 A CN2008801244716 A CN 2008801244716A CN 200880124471 A CN200880124471 A CN 200880124471A CN 101952153 A CN101952153 A CN 101952153A
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S·贝纳尔
N·罗巴尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及控制混合车辆加速的方法,其中混合车辆包括至少两个独立的能量储蓄器,其中包括给车的至少一个电机供电并能够在减速阶段期间由电机再充电的电池,所述方法包括:在给定的时刻估计(43,44):在下一减速期间可由电池恢复的能量(Ebat decel);储存在电池中的能量(Ebat mesuree);这两个能量的和(Ebat future)与预定阈值(Ebat seuil)比较(46),如果该和大于该阈值,则准许在加速阶段期间通过电池将额外的电力输送到电机。

Description

控制混合车辆加速的方法
本发明涉及控制混合车辆的加速的方法。
混合机动车利用电机来带动变速箱并将扭矩传送到车的主动轮。因此,混合车辆的牵引链包括耦合到至少一个备用电机的热力发动机。牵引电机可例如串联插在离合器和变速箱之间。
混合车辆因此拥有两个不同的能量储蓄器:例如高压电池和燃料箱。强大功率的电池或电池组通过换流器给(或多个)牵引机供应电能。换流器允许将电池输出处的直流电压转换成能够带动电机的转子的交流电压。
考虑储蓄器、电池和汽油储蓄器中的每个构成能量源,且该能量可传输到车轮,以便使其前进。到能量储蓄器之一的功率连接是可逆的,于是可能利用包含在该储蓄器中的能量以使车前进,或者在减速期间利用车的动能,以便填充储蓄器尤其是电池。
传统上,在热电混合车辆中,在重大的加速要求时,两个能量源被共同使用,以便获得车的最佳性能。接着当车减速时,一个或多个电机于是以发电机模式操作,以便对高压电池再充电。在大部分情况下,这样恢复的能量并不补偿在加速期间消耗的全部能量。在希望重新使车有力地加速的情况下,可能在该电池中可用的能量不再足以确保全部加速。那样获得的加速水平低于以前获得的加速水平。车辆的性能于是对于加速不再是牢靠的。
本发明的目的是特别提出了允许确保在高的加速要求时混合车辆的性能的牢靠性的策略。为此,本发明目的是控制混合车辆加速的方法,该混合车辆包括至少两个独立的能量储蓄器,其中包括给车的至少一个电机供电并能够在减速阶段期间由电机再充电的电池,在该减速阶段中在给定的时刻估计(43,44):
-在下一减速期间可由电池恢复的能量(Ebat decel);
-储存在电池中的能量(Ebat mesuree);
这两个能量的和(Ebat future)与预定阈值(Ebat seuil)比较(46),如果该和大于该阈值,则准许在加速阶段期间通过电池将额外的电功率输送到电机。
根据在给定时刻的车速,尤其是通过车的特征和关于未来减速分布的假设来例如估计可被恢复的能量(Ebat decel)。
储存在电池中的能量例如通过电荷传感器(42)所执行的测量进行估计。
例如对低的车速提供额外的功率。定义例如最大速度,超过该最大速度就阻止额外的电功率的输送。
最大速度例如被确定,以便从所考虑的最大减速水平出发使车的加速和减速的持续时间平衡。
本发明的主要优点特别是允许改善混合车辆的性能的持久性,允许通过使用更小因而更便宜的电池的可能性来减少混合车辆的过高的成本,以及实现起来简单。
对照附图借助于接下来进行的描述,本发明的其它特征和优点将明显,附图表示:
-图1是电池充电水平随时间的发展的图示,尤其是在车的几次加速之后;
-图2是在第一时刻t0和第二时刻t1之间具有相同的平均加速的速度分布的两个实例的图示;
-图3是电池的电功率随时间的变化;
-图4是根据本发明的策略的应用实例。
图1示出在根据现有技术的环境中电池充电水平随时间的变化,特别是在车的几次加速之后。第一曲线1表示作为时间的函数的速度的值,该曲线作为例子示出相应于三个连续的加速的三个点。在加速阶段3期间,电池被放电,然后它在接下来的减速阶段4期间被再充电。然而,它在低于起始水平6的水平5时被再充电。因此随着加速,电池的电平降低。该降低可由称为“放电深度”并被记作ΔSOC的量定义。
本发明的策略基于三个一般原理,其目的是提供在时间上牢靠的和从所消耗的能量来看最佳的加速性能。这个目的通过使在加速期间消耗的能量与在减速期间恢复的能量平衡来达到。因此对于车的一定初始速度,在存储装置例如高压电池中的能量水平在车的每次连续的加速之前的时刻之间是相等的,与例如图1的水平5、6存在差异相反。为了达到这些结果,例如下面是所应用的三个原理:
-在低速时利用电功率来优化对于所消耗的能量的性能;
-强制性地规定在减速阶段中的电功率比在加速阶段中更高以补偿损失效应;
-将在加速阶段期间消耗的能量限制到在减速期间可恢复的能量的量。
这三个原理可单独地或联合地被应用。其效果是为了改善补充到彼此的性能的牢靠性。
图2示出第一原理。更具体地,图2示出在第一时刻t0和第二时刻t1之间有相同的平均加速的速度分布的两个实例。纵坐标表示速度而横坐标表示时间。
第一曲线21相应于第一速度分布,而第二曲线22相应于第二速度分布。这两个分布的速度在第一时刻t0是相同的。速度根据这两个分布增加,以在第二时刻t1达到相同的速度。两条曲线21、22的积分表示在两个时刻t0、t1之间经过的距离。
图2示出在加速期间,对于相同的所消耗的能量并为了达到更好的性能,使车在低速时加速是优选的。两个分布21、22相应于相等的平均加速。在时刻t0和t1之间消耗的能量因此对这两种情况是类似的。在相应于高曲线的第一分布21上,加速在开始时较快,而在第二分布22上,加速更平缓但在接近时刻t1时变得较快。经过的距离通过对每个速度分布积分来获得,经过的距离与位于每条速度曲线下的面积成比例。对于第一分布21,经过的距离较大,对第一分布21加速从第一时刻起较快。为了优化对于所消耗的能量的性能,本发明在该第一原理中有利地在低速时使用较多的功率而在高速时使用较少的功率。
在第二原理中,本发明强制性地规定在减速阶段中的电功率比在加速阶段中更高,以补偿损失效应。事实上可能定义最大车速,用于应用其后称为升压功率的额外的电功率,补充热力发动机的功率。选择这个最大速度,以便从所考虑的最大减速水平出发使车的加速和减速的持续时间平衡。当加速和减速的持续时间平衡时,可能通过在恢复阶段中施加比在加速阶段中更高的功率来补偿位于车轮和储蓄器之间的传输链中的损失效应。
图3示出本发明使用的第三原理。在该第三原理中,本发明将在加速阶段期间消耗的能量限制到在减速期间可恢复的能量的量。对车辆的特征的认识允许根据车速计算可恢复的电功率。通过做出关于车的减速水平的假设,因此可能估计将在即将到来的减速期间恢复的能量的量。
图3通过第一曲线31示出从起动时刻t0起由电池提供的作为时间的函数的电功率。最大可用功率被限制到一个值Pmax。包括在界限Pmax和曲线31之间的面积表示在加速阶段期间消耗的能量。
能量的量Ebat decel是在减速阶段期间可恢复的能量的量。它由表示作为时间的函数的相应功率的纵坐标直线Pelec 32限制。功率Pmax被定义成使得包括在直线Pelec、Pmax以及曲线31之间的面积33等于与被直线Pelec32、时间轴和横坐标直线段t1限制的面积相应的可恢复的能量Ebat decel,t1是电功率Pelec变为零的时刻。
图4示出在前面所述的原理的应用的实例。应用策略例如借助于传感器41、42和车载计算机实现。第一系列的传感器41允许确定车速,而第二系列的传感器42允许估计电池的充电。
根据本发明的策略允许根据车速和电池的传感器所发送的信息来准许或不准许应用升压电功率。通过应用上面的第三原理,因此估计43可在下一减速期间恢复的能量Ebat decel,并估计44在时刻t储存在电池中的能量Ebat mesuree。在45求这两个能量的和Ebat future,然后在46比较该和与预定的能量阈值Ebat seuil。根据该和Ebat future小于或大于该阈值来准许或不准许应用电升压。该能量阈值Ebat seuil由为了实现从停止直到车的最大速度实现符合固定目标的车辆加速所必需的电池能量的量定义。
根据本发明的策略的好处尤其是每当车停止时能使在电池中的能量水平至少等于阈值Ebat seuil。因此可确保满足驾驶者要求的从一个加速到另一个加速的牢靠性能。本发明因此允许改善混合车辆的持久性。
本发明最终允许通过使用更小的因而更便宜的电池来减少混合车辆的成本。

Claims (5)

1.一种控制混合车辆加速的方法,所述混合车辆包括至少两个独立的能量储蓄器,包括给所述车辆的至少一个电机供电并可在减速阶段期间由电机再充电的电池,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
在给定的时刻,估计(43,44):
-在下一减速期间可由所述电池恢复的能量(Ebat decel);
-储存在所述电池中的能量(Ebat mesuree);
将这两个能量的和(Ebat future)与预定阈值(Ebat seuil)比较(46),如果所述和大于所述阈值,则准许在加速阶段期间通过所述电池将额外的电功率输送到所述电机,其中,可恢复的所述能量(Ebat decel)是通过车辆的特征和关于未来减速的分布的假设、根据在给定时刻的车速进行估计的。
2.如前述权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,储存在所述电池中的能量通过电荷传感器所执行的测量进行估计。
3.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,对车辆的低速度提供所述额外的功率。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,定义最大速度,在所述最大速度之外阻止所述额外电功率的输送。
5.如权利要求5所述的方法,特征在于,确定所述最大速度以便从所考虑的最大减速水平出发使车的加速持续时间和减速持续时间平衡。
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