CN101948159A - Water-sprinkling anti-disease antidote for freshwater shrimp/crab farming - Google Patents
Water-sprinkling anti-disease antidote for freshwater shrimp/crab farming Download PDFInfo
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- CN101948159A CN101948159A CN 201010241610 CN201010241610A CN101948159A CN 101948159 A CN101948159 A CN 101948159A CN 201010241610 CN201010241610 CN 201010241610 CN 201010241610 A CN201010241610 A CN 201010241610A CN 101948159 A CN101948159 A CN 101948159A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water-sprinkling anti-disease antidote for freshwater shrimp/crab farming, which belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The invention is characterized in that the anti-disease antidote is prepared through the steps of weighing glycollic acid, citric acid, lauric acid, chlorogenic acid and pure water proportionally; then dissolving the glycollic acid, the citric acid, the lauric acid and the chlorogenic acid into the pure water one by one at normal temperature; stirring the obtained mixture evenly; and then bottling the obtained product. The anti-disease antidote of the invention is easy to use, free from environmental conditions and small in application amount, gets effective fast and has stable effectiveness after use, can quickly remove the heavy metal ion pollutions in water, remove the toxicity of the heavy metal ion to shrimps/crabs, adjust and stabilize the pH value of water, lower the alkalinity of water, change the surface tension of water, remove the bubbles on the surface of water, increase the gas exchange on a liquid-gas interface, improve the dissolved oxygen level of water, inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria and viruses, reduce the occurrence of shrimp/crab diseases, create a favorable water environment for freshwater shrimps/crabs, improve the health and vigor of the shrimps/crabs, promote the growth of shrimps/crabs in ponds, maintain the health status of the shrimps/crabs, and improve the yield and quality of the shrimps/crabs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the type preventing disease, detoxicating agent of splashing of a kind of freshwater shrimps and crabs breeding water body, belong to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
The main water body that pond ecosystem is simple in structure because of it, controllability becomes aquaculture production by force, and the pond culture of freshwater shrimps and crabs class occupies critical role in the aquaculture in China (especially area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River).The freshwater shrimps and crabs class is the main economic species that is distributed widely in freshwater, have growth fast, individual big, fecundity is strong, nutritious and the tender characteristics such as delicious of meat, being the famous and precious fishery products that are loved by the people, also is the principal item of current Chinese pond aquaculture.The freshwater shrimps and crabs class belongs to the crustacean that perches at the bottom, be everlasting to climb in the water-bed thick grass and creep oxygen-consumption height, not lower oxygen concentration resistance environment, therefore its than higher, the quality of cultivating pool water ecological setting quality has become fresh water shrimp crayfish culture key of success factor to the requirement of breeding environment.
The eco-environmental quality of aquaculture water depends on the quality at water source and the self-pollution level in the breeding process.Breed is taken the water source and is subjected to the influence of external environment bigger, and external source is polluted and can be caused taking objectionable impuritiess such as containing heavy metal in the water source.For the shrimp crayfish culture, the existence of objectionable impuritiess such as heavy metal not only can directly cause aquaculture organism to be poisoned to death, and can influence its growth, shell, growth, causes cultured output to descend and the benefit reduction.Culturing self-pollution mainly is to be caused by irrational breeding way.It is traditional aquaculture model of technical characterictic that the pond culture of existing shrimp crab has been acted on " close, mixed, wheel " mostly, promptly with many kinds, high-density, heavy dressing bait throwing in and obtain the aquaculture model of high yield, but along with pond waters develops on a large scale, the drawback of traditional aquaculture model is constantly repeatedly existing.As in order to improve the cultured output of unit of water body, high yield covets, often increase water nutrition excessively, excessively bait throwing in, fertilising and increasing breeding density cause nitrogen in the water, phosphorus surge, and transparency descends, water quality deterioration, substrate pollution is serious, the body eutrophication aggravation, and the bait in the water body and the metabolite of breed variety gather in a large number.The decomposition of these excessive organic matters can discharge many objectionable impuritiess, endangers the aquaculture organism in the water body directly or indirectly.The water body natural, ecological is destroyed, cultures the space aquatic animal disease and spreads, and the plague area effect of aquaculture water is strengthened, and the disease of aquatic animal takes place frequently in the pond, and fishery loss is huge; Species diversity descends in the aquaculture water, and the breed of high-quality aquatic products kind is subjected to the restriction of water quality and food organism.Limited because of the environmental bearing capacity of aquaculture water, himself to pollute and be on the rise, the environmental quality of culturing the waters descends day by day.Meanwhile, water environment pollutes and not only directly breed variety is worked the mischief, and can make pathogenic micro-organism grow procreation by changing little ecology in waters, causes the generation of breed variety disease outbreak.In order to prevent disease, in the whole culture-cycle, all use the fish medicine at present.Though the use of fish medicine has obtained the effect of emergence therapeutic, brought more such as resistance, accumulating residual and cause ecological consequences such as the potential toxicological effect of hydrobiont in fishery products.As widely used desinsection with kill the algae medicine and just may cause heavy metal zinc and copper to be accumulated in that fishery products are intravital.Therefore from ecological angle, although aquaculture water is a very complicated aquatic ecosystem, no matter how complicated it is, mainly be the equilibrium relationship between hydrobiont-cause of disease-environment three, be a problem of environment after all.Therefore in the pond culture of shrimp crab, must strict control water body environment, in case find to contain in the water body hazardous and noxious substances such as heavy metal, must remove or remove its toxicity as early as possible, fewly as far as possible simultaneously come diseases prevention with antibiotic etc.
Prior art is mainly at single problem, when causing having disease to take place because of water body environment is bad in the shrimp crab pond, adopts sterilizing agent (as chlorine, Operand), microbiotic to wait and prevent and cure diseases more.Though certain effect is arranged, bigger to the healthy effect of aquaculture organism, and residual possibility is arranged.And when treating heavy metal contamination, adopt to wait as alkaline matter, EDTA more and eliminate, may cause that water body pH raises, water body becomes water quality drastic change such as clear, is unfavorable for the health of the stable and shrimp crab of aquatic attitude.Therefore still not having a kind of effective means can separate the equitoxic disease of preventing and treating the shrimp crab simultaneously of removing heavy metals, and safe, nontoxic, noresidue.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, the type preventing disease, detoxicating agent of splashing of a kind of freshwater shrimps and crabs breeding water body is provided, utilize chemical substances such as organic multicomponent acid and sequestrant, active components of plants, tensio-active agent, through assembly rationally, remove the pollution of heavy metal ion in the water body fast, regulate and stable pH value, change the surface tension of water body, remove the floating foam in surface, increase the gaseous interchange of liquid-vapo(u)r interface, suppress growing and multiplying of bacterium and virus, build a good water body environment, improve health and the vigor of shrimp crab for the freshwater shrimps and crabs class.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention, the type preventing disease, detoxicating agent of splashing of described a kind of freshwater shrimps and crabs breeding water body comprises following component, and its formula rate is counted by weight:
Oxyacetic acid is among the present invention: 0.5～5 part, citric acid is: 0.5～5 part, and lauric acid: 0.05～2 part; Chlorogenic acid is: 0.5～5 part; Pure water is: 80～95 parts.Said components is weighed in proportion, be dissolved in one by one in the pure water then, pour into pail pack after stirring.
Compared with the prior art the present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention utilizes the number of chemical material of and easy degraded nontoxic to freshwater aquiculture shrimp crab class such as organic multicomponent acid and sequestrant, active components of plants, tensio-active agent, through assembly rationally, remove the pollution of heavy metal ion in the water body fast, remove the toxicity of heavy metal ion prawn crab; Regulate and stable water pH value, reduce basicity; Change the surface tension of water body, remove the floating foam in surface, increase the gaseous interchange of liquid-vapo(u)r interface, improve the dissolved oxygen level of water body; Suppress growing and multiplying of bacterium and virus, reduce the generation of shrimp crab disease, build a good water body environment, improve health and the vigor of shrimp crab for the freshwater shrimps and crabs class; The freshwater shrimps and crabs breeding water body of the present invention type preventing disease, detoxicating agent of splashing is easy to use, is not subjected to the influence of envrionment conditions, and usage quantity is little, and the consumption of every meter depth of water of every mu of water surface only is 0.5 kilogram; Use back instant effect and effect stability, can promote the growth of pond Prawn crab, keep the state of health of shrimp crab, improve the output and the quality of shrimp crab class.
Embodiment
Following the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments:
Embodiment one: the type preventing disease, detoxicating agent of splashing of a kind of freshwater shrimps and crabs breeding water of the present invention body, comprise following component, and its formula rate is counted by weight:
Getting oxyacetic acid in the embodiment of the invention is 4 parts, and citric acid is 2 parts, 0.5 part of lauric acid; Chlorogenic acid is 4 parts; Pure water is 89.5 parts.Said components is weighed in proportion, be dissolved in one by one in the pure water in order then, pour into pail pack after stirring, at last the vanning warehouse-in.Preventing disease, detoxicating agent net content is 2Kg in each pail pack, and the pail pack container volume is 2.5 liters.
The action principle of each component is as follows among the present invention:
1, oxyacetic acid: oxyacetic acid has another name called oxyacetic acid, glycolic acid, and molecular formula is C
2H
4O
3, structural formula is HOCH
2COOH is the colourless crystallization body, 80 ℃ of fusing points, water-soluble, methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, acetate and ether.Oxyacetic acid is a kind of important organic synthesis intermediate and Chemicals, is widely used in binding agent, produces fields such as degradation polymer, metal detergent, electroplating additives, the agent of milk preparation vessel cleaning, dyeing auxiliary, well sanitising agent, petroleum additive, makeup, photosensitive surface dust-proofing agent, building, weaving, washing composition, pharmacy, agricultural chemicals, tanning.
Oxyacetic acid 70% solution is mainly as sanitising agent, and 2% oxyacetic acid and 1% the clean-out system that formic acid mixing acid is a kind of efficient height, cost is low can be used as the main cleaning raw material of air-conditioning, boiler, power plant's transport pipe, condenser, heat exchanger etc.Oxyacetic acid has cleaning function preferably as organic acid to some metal species dirt thing, can also react with the corrosion thing of iron, and also extremely low to equipment material corrodibility.Because its chloride ion-containing not is particularly suitable for the steel equipment washing, and its degradation production has volatility, nontoxic odorlessness, so safety performance is splendid.Developed country's mandatory provision at present adopts oxyacetic acid as power plant's super critical boiler clean-out system, can avoid secondary pollution, the protection environment.In addition, also be used for cleanings such as condenser, well, printed circuit board (PCB), milk-product equipment abroad in a large number.All have excellent biodegradable and biocompatibility by the polyglycolic acid of oxyacetic acid preparation and the multipolymer of oxyacetic acid and lactic acid, can be in vivo by degraded, be metabolized to carbonic acid gas and water excretes, therefore be widely used in preparation in-vivo embed type slow release medicine system, heeling-in type reparation apparatus, bio-absorbable surgical sutures, artificial skeleton and organ material etc., have very much DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT.Poly(lactic acid) and polyglycolic acid have become the developing focus of field of new at present.
Because oxyacetic acid contains the special construction of hydroxyl and carboxyl, can form hydrophilic inner complex by coordinate bond with metallic cation, therefore the growth to iron-oxidizing bacterium has the obvious suppression effect, can be used as sterilant, also can be used in the multiple ore floatation and makes inhibitor.Oxyacetic acid is that curative effect is removed dead skin and fine hair medicament preferably, can be used for synthetic anti aging effect, skin-lightening cosmetic, reach preserve moisture, the effect of Glycerin, promotion epidermal renewal.The molecular weight of oxyacetic acid is very little, and it is the skin permeation pore effectively, solves skin aging at short notice, wrinkle, and blackspot, therefore problems such as dark sore are praised highly by medical cosmetology circle is consistent.The batching of the crystal of oxyacetic acid 98% or makeup, caking agent, petroleum demulsifier, welding compound and coating synthetic as meticulous medicine, it also is the fused agent of chemical nickel plating, having advantages such as corrosion-resistant, that reaction is fast, smooth finish is good, is to improve the best ingredients raw material of electroless plating.Oxyacetic acid sodium salt, sylvite also can be made Application Areass such as electrolytic polishing, metal pickling, leather coloring as electroplate liquid additive.
The present invention is main raw material with the oxyacetic acid, and its action principle is to utilize its acidity, effectively reduces the basicity of water body, regulates the pH value of water body; Suppress and kill pathogenic micro-organism in the water body, prevent the generation of shrimp crab disease; Complexing part heavy metal ion reduces the toxicity of prawn crab.
2, citric acid: the Citrated formal name used at school is called 2-hydroxy propane-1,2, the 3-tricarboxylic acid, and molecular formula is C
6H
8O
7, molecular weight is 192.14, citric acid is colourless translucent crystal or white particle or white crystalline powder, and the extremely acid of odorless, flavor, little in malaria have a deliquescence.Citric acid is a kind of stronger organic acid, and water-soluble, ethanol, ether are insoluble to benzene, are slightly soluble in chloroform.It is acid that the aqueous solution shows, and 3 H are arranged
+Can ionization, heating can be resolved into multiple product, reacts with acid, alkali, glycerine etc.Citric acid is first acid in the organic acid, because the performance of physicals, chemical property, derivative is to be widely used in the most important organic acids of industry such as food, medicine, daily use chemicals.
Citric acid chemically can made chemical analysis reagent, as experiment reagent, stratographic analysis reagent and biochemical reagents; As complexing agent, sequestering agent; In order to preparation buffered soln.Adopt citric acid or citric acid salt to make washing assistant, precipitate metal ion rapidly, the performance of raising tensio-active agent is a kind of good intercalating agent.
In pig starter feed, add citric acid, can wean ahead of time, improve efficiency of feed utilization 5%～10%, increase the sows farrowing amount.In growing-finishing pigs diets, add 1%～2% citric acid, can improve day weight gain, reduce feedstuff-meat ratio, improve protein digestibility, reduce back of the body fat thickness, improve meat and trunk characteristic.The citric acid rare earth is a kind of new and effective fodder additives, is applicable to various animals such as pig, chicken, fish, shrimp, ox, sheep, rabbit, silkworm, has the promotion growth of animal, improve product quality, disease resistance enhancemen and surviving rate are improved food conversion ratio, and shorten characteristics such as the cycle of feeding.
Citric acid has contraction, increase solid capillary vessel and reduce the effect of its permeability, can also improve coagulation function and platelet counts, shortens clotting time and bleeding time, has certain anastalsis pharmaceutical industry as medical freshener, surveys blood potassium.
The present invention is main raw material with the citric acid, and its action principle is to utilize its complexing part heavy metal ion, reduces the toxicity of prawn crab, improves the resistance against diseases of shrimp crab simultaneously.
3, lauric acid: lauric acid is called dodecylic acid again, is a kind of saturated straight chain lipid acid, and molecular formula is CH
3(CH
2)
10COOH is present in spermaceti wax, milk, oreodaphene, Oleum Cocois and plam oil and wax and the marine animal fat.Lauric acid most widely used general in tensio-active agent industry is according to the classification of tensio-active agent, cationic, anionic, non-ionic type and amphoteric are arranged.Some tensio-active agents of lauric acid, lauryl alcohol derivative also are disinfectant, for example dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (geramine), dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide (bromogeramine), dodecyl dimethyl (2-benzene oxygen ethyl) brometo de amonio (domiphen bromide).Dodecyl dimethyl ammonium-2,4 in this analog derivative, the 5-triclofenate can be used as fresh-preserving agent for oranges and tangerines.Lauric acid is all having many application aspect additives for plastics, foodstuff additive, perfume industry, the pharmaceutical industry.Also can be used to make Synolac, lubricant, tensio-active agent and other chemical assistants in organic industry.Light industry industry is used to make soap, washing composition.Pesticide industry is used to make sterilant.Foodstuffs industry is used to make food and adds not.Daily use chemicals industry is used to make makeup.Be used as chemical reagent in the analytical chemistry.Research group of University of Minnesota is being to find in the experiment carried out of object with female monkey, and lauric monoglyceride can effectively help the female monkey hiv virus (SIV) of avoiding infection.
The present invention is main raw material with the lauric acid, and its action principle is to utilize its surfactivity to remove the floating foam of water surface, increases the gas exchange capacity of water surface, and utilizes its antimicrobial antiviral activity to improve the resistance against diseases of shrimp crab.
4, chlorogenic acid: chlorogenic acid claims chlorogenic acid again, caffeotannic acid, and chemistry 3-caffetannic acid by name,
Molecular formula is C
16H
18O
9, molecular weight is 354.30, mainly is present in herbal medicine Japanese Honeysuckle, the Folium Eucommiae.Chlorogenic acid is the depside that is generated by coffic acid and quinic acid, is a kind of phenylpropyl alcohol chlorins compound that plant materials produces through shikimic acid pathway in the aerobic repiration process.Chlorogenic acid is considered to the main effective constituent of numerous medicinal materials and Chinese patent medicine antibacterial and detoxicating, anti-inflammatory and choleretic, is used as qualitative even quantitative index usually.
The main biological activity of chlorogenic acid has (1) restraining effect to Unidasa and G-6-Pase; (2) to the removing and the lipoid peroxidization resistant of free radical, anti-ageing, anti-muscle skeleton is aging: chlorogenic acid contains the synthetic and special composition of decomposing of glue protein in a kind of skin that promotes body, bone, the muscle, has to promote metabolism, prevent the function that fails.No matter still external in vivo chlorogenic acid is, and obvious anti-radical action is all arranged; (3) antimutagenic, antitumor action; (4) hepatic cholagogic effect; (5) effect such as antibiotic, antiviral and spasmolysis all has restraining effect to Gram-negative, positive bacteria.(6) enhancing body immunization: chlorogenic acid has the effect of excited hypophysis-interrenal system, adrenal cortex reinforcing function, can start the activate the phagocytic capacity of mononuclear phagocyte system and peritoneal macrophage system, the nonspecific immunity function of enhancing body can play restraining effect to delayed type hypersensitivity again.
The present invention is main raw material with the chlorogenic acid, and its action principle is to utilize characteristics such as its detoxifcation, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and nontoxic residue-free to improve the resistance against diseases of shrimp crab.
Embodiment two: the type preventing disease, detoxicating agent of splashing of a kind of freshwater shrimps and crabs breeding water of the present invention body, comprise following component, and its formula rate is counted by weight:
Getting oxyacetic acid in the embodiment of the invention is 4 parts, and citric acid is 4 parts, 1 part of lauric acid; Chlorogenic acid is 2 parts; Pure water is 89 parts.Said components is weighed in proportion, be dissolved in one by one in the pure water in order then, pour into pail pack after stirring, at last the vanning warehouse-in.Preventing disease, detoxicating agent net content is 2Kg in each pail pack, and the pail pack container volume is 2.5 liters.
Embodiment three: the type preventing disease, detoxicating agent of splashing of a kind of freshwater shrimps and crabs breeding water of the present invention body, comprise following component, and its formula rate is counted by weight:
Getting oxyacetic acid in the embodiment of the invention is 5 parts, and citric acid is 3 parts, 0.8 part of lauric acid; Chlorogenic acid is 3 parts; Pure water is 88.2 parts.Said components is weighed in proportion, be dissolved in one by one in the pure water in order then, pour into pail pack after stirring, at last the vanning warehouse-in.Preventing disease, detoxicating agent net content is 2Kg in each pail pack, and the pail pack container volume is 2.5 liters.
Result of use of the present invention is as follows:
Use in a certain shrimp culture pond, Jintan, Jiangsu, 4 mu of areas have been planted waterweed in the pond.The pond water colour was bad at that time, and the pasture and water growth is not good, and the water surface has rust to float foam.Copper content is 0.03mg/L in the water quality, D03.8mg/L, and the pH value is 8.8, some blackout of freshwater shrimp gill portion of supporting, it is not good to eat food.The freshwater shrimps and crabs breeding water body of the above-mentioned prescription type preventing disease, detoxicating agent of splashing of naming a person for a particular job is used for culturing the pond in a fine morning 10, and consumption is 0.5Kg/ mu Mi Shuishen, uses once more every other day.With back 3 days water pH values was 7.8, and D0 is 5.2mg/L, and copper is 0.01mg/L, and the floating foam of the water surface disappears, and the freshwater shrimp food is normal, and black gill phenomenon disappears after 5 days.Shrimps are movable normal.
A certain Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivating pool uses in Gaoyou, Jiangsu, 6 mu of areas.The pond water colour was bad at that time, the water colour sap green, and the water surface has spumescence to float foam, and frowziness.The water quality lead content is 0.07mg/L, D03.5mg/L, and the pH value is 9.2, foster Macrobrachium rosenbergii gill portion of institute blackout, disconnected palpus, it is not good to eat food.The freshwater shrimps and crabs breeding water body of the above-mentioned prescription type preventing disease, detoxicating agent of splashing of naming a person for a particular job is used for culturing the pond in a fine morning 10, and consumption is 0.5Kg/ mu Mi Shuishen, uses once more every other day.With back 3 days water pH values was 8.2, and D0 is 5.5mg/L, and lead is 0.04mg/L, and floating foam of the water surface and stink disappear, and the Macrobrachium rosenbergii food is normal, and black gill phenomenon disappears after 5 days.Shrimps are movable normal.
A certain river crab cultivation pond uses in the Nanjing, and 5 mu of areas have been planted hydrilla verticillata in the pond.The pond water colour was bad at that time, and the pasture and water growth is not good, and the water surface has rust to float foam.Copper content is 0.04mg/L in the water quality, D03.5mg/L, and the pH value is 8.8, the infected variable color of the river crab gill of supporting, the light left and right sides gill filament partly presents dull gray or black, and the heavy gill filament all becomes black, and river crab is slow in action, expiratory dyspnea, it is not good to eat food.The freshwater shrimps and crabs breeding water body of the above-mentioned prescription type preventing disease, detoxicating agent of splashing of naming a person for a particular job is used for culturing the pond in a fine morning 10, and consumption is 0.5Kg/ mu Mi Shuishen, uses once more every other day.With back 3 days water pH values was 8.0, and D0 is 5.0mg/L, and copper is 0.01mg/L, and the floating foam of the water surface disappears, and the river crab food is normal, and black gill phenomenon all disappears after 5-7 days.The activity of crab class is normal.
Claims (2)
1. freshwater shrimps and crabs breeding water body type preventing disease, detoxicating agent of splashing, it is characterized in that: comprise following component, its formula rate is counted by weight:
Oxyacetic acid is: 0.5～5 part, citric acid is: 0.5～5 part, and lauric acid: 0.05～2 part; Chlorogenic acid is: 0.5～5 part; Pure water is: 80～95 parts; Said components is weighed in proportion, be dissolved in one by one in the pure water in order then, pour into pail pack after stirring.
2. a kind of freshwater shrimps and crabs breeding water body as claimed in claim 1 type preventing disease, detoxicating agent of splashing is characterized in that: preventing disease, detoxicating agent net content is 2Kg in the described pail pack, and the pail pack container volume is 2.5 liters.
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| CN105311054A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-02-10 | 天津荣利生物科技发展有限公司 | Anti-stress composition used for aquaculture |
| CN106538613A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-29 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of medium-height grass medicine composite preparation for the flat son disease of prevention and control water in culture of Chinese mitten crab |
| CN108012961A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-05-11 | 正丰源生物科技（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of sea eel Nuisanceless high-efficient cultural method |
| CN109287537A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-02-01 | 广东渔夫宝水产科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for promoting the composition and its application method of shrimp crab shell |
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| CN101948159B (en) | 2012-02-08 |
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