CN101947544A - Biostimulation method for remediation of oil-polluted soil - Google Patents
Biostimulation method for remediation of oil-polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biostimulation method for remediation of oil-polluted soil. In the method, on the premise of not adding an oil pollutant biodegrading bacterial agent, a soil conditioner is added to improve the soil environment, reduce soil stickiness, increase the soil permeability, adjust the water-retaining capacity of the soil, adjust inorganic and organic nutrients necessary for local microbe growth, maintain the pH value of the soil close to neutrality, promote oil pollutant degrading microbes in the soil to grow and propagate, and improve the oil pollutant degrading efficiency of the local microbes; by planting plants, the microenvironment of the soil near root systems of the plants is improved, the plants secrete organics with low molecular weight such as amino acid to the root systems so as to stimulate the massive propagation of the local microbes and indirectly promote oil pollutant degradation by the microbes of the root systems; and the biostimulation method has the advantages of accelerating the remediation of the oil-polluted soil and restoring the original state of the soil.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to the environment remediation technology, the biostimulation method that particularly a kind of oil-polluted soils is repaired.
Two, background technology
Soil is a kind of organic and inorganic combination as acceptor maximum in the environment, contains multiple petroleum hydrocarbon class pollutant degraded microorganism, therefore pollution is had powerful buffering and self-repairing capability.Soil do not have petroleum-polluted before, its natural community's structure or microbial population also are not suitable for oil pollution; After soil environment is by oil pollution, biological community structure can change, the population that can adapt to oil pollution continues development or can develop population better, oil and hydrocarbon in the derivative degraded that as its carbon source and energy growth and breeding in realized petroleum pollution thereof of these native country microorganisms in utilizing soil.Studies show that in a large number; when flora is in the oil polluted environment, utilize the micro organism quantity sharp increase of hydrocarbon compound, Atlas is reported in that degradation bacteria generally only accounts for 1% of microbiologic population under the home; and when environment was subjected to oil pollution, the degradation bacteria ratio then brought up to 10%.
Utilize that petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microorganism in native country can carry out the reparation of oil-polluted soils in the soil, but because soil particle is with after petroleum pollution combines, the native separating difficulty of oil is big, under the prerequisite that does not add external source petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microbial inoculum, Effect of Environmental is more remarkable, thereby has slowed down the degradation speed of these pollutants.These environmental impact factors mainly comprise following several: oxygen concentration, soil pH value and soil permeability ability etc. in nutriment level, electron acceptor supply situation, the soil in environment temperature, soil moisture, the soil.Therefore, improve the character of oil-polluted soils, regulate and control these external influence factors that influence remediation efficiency and have important role for improving repairing effect.By taking the engineering measure environment of improving the soil, increase the bioavailability of petroleum pollution, the soil environment condition of suitable more native country petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microorganism is provided, can stimulate native country petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microbial growth and breeding, improve the degradation capability of native country petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microorganism self, thereby quicken the degraded of petroleum pollution, improve the remediation efficiency of oil-polluted soils.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is under the prerequisite that does not add external source petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microbial inoculum, technological means by biostimulation, the biostimulation method that provides a kind of oil-polluted soils to repair, the environment of improving the soil, the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation growth of microorganism breeding of stimulation native country are to realize the reparation of oil-polluted soils.
Technical scheme of the present invention realizes in the following manner:
The physicochemical properties of a, check and analysis oil-polluted soils: oil content, Acidity of Aikalinity, nutriment level, retentiveness, permeability, salt content, particle are formed and petroleum hydrocarbon degradation bacterium quantity;
B, do not add external source petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microbial inoculum,, improve soil environment, stimulate also performance degrading activity of native country petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microbial growth breeding by in oil-polluted soils, adding soil conditioner, plant plant and taking agronomic measures; Adjust in the soil inorganic and organic nutrient substance content to native country oil degradation growth of microorganism and the required condition of breeding by adding the horizontal conditioning agent of nutriment; Reduce soil stickiness by adding the soil stickiness conditioning agent, increase the permeable and venting capability of soil; Regulate the optimum pH scope of soil ph by adding the soil ph conditioning agent to native country oil degradation microorganism; By adding agricultural water-loss reducer soil moisture content is remained on than optimum range for a long time to reduce open-air manually water or in the work of artificial drainage in rainy season in the repair process; Improve near the root system of plant soil microenvironment by the plantation plant, a large amount of breedings that stimulate the native country microorganism promote the root system microbial degradation of petroleum pollution indirectly; Improve the soil aeration situation by agronomic measures, keep the oxygen content of different depth soil, simultaneously can pulverize the bulky grain oil-polluted soils, promote the migration and the conversion of matter and energy in the soil, native country microorganism and petroleum pollution are fully contacted to improve degradation efficiency.
By adding the nutriment conditioning agent to increase the nutriment level of open-air lean soil, regulate growth of microorganism required all kinds of nutrient inventories (ratio) in native country in the soil, stimulate the growth of microorganism breeding, the fertilizer that adds comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and trace element, the horizontal conditioning agent of described nutriment comprises chemical fertilizer, farm manure and fertilizer, addition is according to the level calculation of the nutritious material in soil Central Plains, and add carbon in the soil of back: nitrogen: phosphorus: the mass ratio of potassium reaches 100: 8-15: 1: 0.1.
By adding the consistency of soil conditioning agent to reduce soil stickiness, increase porosity of soil and water penetration, the penetrating degree of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the increase soil, be beneficial to native country microorganism in the repair process to the demand of oxygen with in time discharge the catabolite carbon dioxide, described consistency of soil conditioning agent comprises yellow ground and canebreak, canebreak comprises the crop stalk and the sawdust of the assorted living weeds in the field of pulverizing, pulverizing, and its addition is the 1%-10% of contaminated soil quality.
Described soil ph conditioning agent comprises by interpolation fertilizer or humic acid fertilizer reduction soil alkalescence, or by adding the acidity of lime reduction soil, soil pH value is maintained near the neutrality.
Regulate retention capacity of soil by adding agricultural water-loss reducer, make the water-holding capacity increase of the back soil that once waters and remain on certain level in a long time, described agricultural water-loss reducer is synthetic polymer class, starch based, the nontoxic macromolecule agricultural water-loss reducer of cellulose family, and its use amount is with reference to agriculture water-loss reducer consumption.
Described agronomic measures comprises pulverizing, turns over, damping and plantation plant.Pulverize the bulky grain oil-polluted soils, can promote the migration and the conversion of matter and energy in the soil, improve the bioavailability of the petroleum pollution in the soil, native country microorganism and petroleum pollution are fully contacted to improve degradation efficiency; Turn over, damping can promote aerobic and facultative aerobic petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microbial growth and breeding in the soil, improves the degradation efficiency of microorganism to petroleum pollution; The plantation plant can utilize root system of plant to improve the rhizosphere soil microenvironment, proceeds the oil-polluted soils reparation with native country microorganism synergy.Turn over and to adopt machinery to turn over or manually turn over, the frequency of turning over is 1-2 time weekly, the damping measure comprises watering, covers straw screen or mat or agricultural mulching, and the plantation plant be for tolerating the plant of soil PetroChina Company Limited. class content, salt content, based on the careless class and the native country plant of the food chain that do not enter the people.
The invention provides the method for the biostimulation of a whole set of oil-polluted soils reparation, specific implementation method may further comprise the steps:
1) physics, the chemical property of detection oil-polluted soils are analyzed its oil content, Acidity of Aikalinity, nutriment level, retentiveness, permeability, salt content, particle composition and petroleum hydrocarbon degradation bacterium quantity;
2) oil-polluted soils is carried out mechanical crushing, apply the soil stickiness conditioning agent in soil, addition is decided according to the soil stickiness situation, and addition is the 1%-10% of soil quality; Add the soil acidity or alkalinity conditioning agent, if acid ground then adds lime, if basic soil then adds fertilizer or humic acid fertilizer, addition is the 1%-5% of soil quality; Add fertilizer and regulate the soil nutrient content of material, addition is relevant with the soil oil content, is generally the 1%-3% of soil quality; Add agricultural water-loss reducer, addition is the 1%-3% of soil quality; With above conditioner and soil mix, mixing;
3) in oil-polluted soils, water, guarantee that soil moisture content is 15%-20%, in time add moisture or with mulching soil surfaces such as straw screen or mat, agricultural mulchings according to the soil moisture content situation of change;
4) plowed soils 1-2 time weekly;
5) be reduced to 1.0% or plantation plant when reducing very slowly in the contaminated soil oil content, apply fertilizer, water, loosen the soil according to vegetation growth state.
Consistency of soil conditioning agent of the present invention comprises yellow ground and canebreak, canebreak comprises the assorted living weeds in the field of pulverizing, crop stalk and the sawdust pulverized, described nutriment comprises chemical fertilizer, farm manure and fertilizer, described agricultural water-loss reducer is the synthetic polymer class, starch based, the nontoxic macromolecule agricultural water-loss reducer of cellulose family, described soil ph conditioning agent comprises fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer and lime etc., described plant comprises that described agronomic measures comprises pulverizing, turn over, watering, cover straw screen or mat or agricultural mulching, the plantation plant, plant is for can tolerate soil PetroChina Company Limited. class content, the plant of salt content, based on the careless class and the native country plant of the food chain that do not enter the people, as tall grass, rye grass, oat, the alkali paulin, Chinese tamarisk etc.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: do not add external source petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microbial inoculum, only adopt the method for biostimulation to implement the reparation of oil-polluted soils.Employed soil conditioner is cheap material, comprises the chip, sawdust, lime, fertilizer, agrochemical, agricultural water-loss reducer of yellow ground for building, weeds and crop straw etc.Can effectively improve soil property after adding above-mentioned conditioner, reduce soil stickiness, increase the penetrating ability of soil, increase soil fertility, regulate soil pH value, improve retention capacity of soil, thereby improved the living environment of native country petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microorganism, bring into play its oil degradation effect for microorganism and provide safeguard.The part conditioner that adds also can be used as the common metabolin of native country oil degradation bacteria as chip, sawdust and the fertilizer etc. of weeds and crop straw, helps the breeding and the multifarious raising of geobiont of oil degradation bacteria, and repairing effect is had facilitation.The agronomic measures of taking both can guarantee native country petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microbial growth breeding, also can improve the degradation efficiency of petroleum pollution, the plantation plant can utilize the micro-ecological environment of root system of plant, with microorganism cooperative degradation of petroleum pollutant, further strengthens the restoration of the ecosystem effect.This method method of operating is simple and easy to do, and used plant is strong to contaminated environment adaptability, is convenient to operate under the field condition.This method is used in the repair process of large-area oil-polluted soils, obtains repairing effect preferably.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 be to use the oil degradation rate in the oil-polluted soils behind this method 90d, the 150d with do not use this method in the same old way oil degradation rate comparison diagram.
Five, the specific embodiment
Further describe effect of the present invention by the following examples, but do not limit the present invention.
Implementation process is as follows:
1) at first measure the soil basic physical and chemical, oil-polluted soils oil content average is 2.89%, and soil stickiness is bigger, and the inclined to one side alkali of pH value, total nitrogen content are 0.26g/kg, and water-holding capacity is 5.51%, and native country alkane degradation bacterium quantity is 0.08 * 10
4MPN, salt content is 15.31g/kg;
2) face of land to the oil-polluted soils of the about 30cm of the degree of depth is pulverized, in soil, added yellow ground 20g/kg, add weeds chip 10g/kg, add fertilizer 15g/kg, use agricultural composite fertilizer 15g/kg, agricultural water-loss reducer 10g/kg is with above-mentioned conditioner and soil mix, mixing;
3) soil is stirred 1～2 time weekly, water, soil moisture content is remained in 15～20% scopes according to water evaporation quantity in the soil;
4) after implementing to repair 90d, native country alkane degradation bacterium quantitatively rises to 1.38 * 10
6MPN, water-holding capacity is increased to 38.65%, and total nitrogen content is 2.04g/kg, the oil-polluted soils oil content is reduced to below 1%, and the plantation tall grass is proceeded to repair, and the initial stage after planting covers straw screen or mat, water, behind the plantation tall grass 60d, the oil-polluted soils oil content is reduced to about 0.3%.
Among the embodiment, used oil-polluted soils is near the live oil contaminated soil the Shengli Oil Field well mouth of oil well.
The petroleum pollution degradation rate of present embodiment as shown in Figure 1.
The present invention describes with reference to more excellent embodiment, and the those skilled in the art who is familiar with foregoing detailed description can make many changes and replacement, and it all is included in scope of the present invention and the flesh and blood.
Claims (7)
1. the oil-polluted soils biostimulation method of repairing, it is characterized in that the physicochemical properties of a, check and analysis oil-polluted soils: oil content, Acidity of Aikalinity, nutriment level, retentiveness, permeability, salt content, particle are formed and petroleum hydrocarbon degradation bacterium quantity; B, do not add external source petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microbial inoculum,, improve soil environment, stimulate also performance degrading activity of native country petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microbial growth breeding by in oil-polluted soils, adding soil conditioner, plant plant and taking agronomic measures; Adjust in the soil inorganic and organic nutrient substance content to native country oil degradation growth of microorganism and the required condition of breeding by adding the horizontal conditioning agent of nutriment; Reduce soil stickiness by adding the soil stickiness conditioning agent, increase the permeable and venting capability of soil; Regulate the optimum pH scope of soil ph by adding the soil ph conditioning agent to native country oil degradation microorganism; By add agricultural water-loss reducer make soil moisture content remain on for a long time than in the optimum range to reduce open-air manually water or in the repair process in the work of artificial drainage in rainy season; Improve near the root system of plant soil microenvironment by the plantation plant, a large amount of breedings that stimulate the native country microorganism promote the root system microbial degradation of petroleum pollution indirectly; Improve the soil aeration situation by agronomic measures, keep the oxygen content of different depth soil, simultaneously can pulverize the bulky grain oil-polluted soils, promote the migration and the conversion of matter and energy in the soil, native country microorganism and petroleum pollution are fully contacted to improve degradation efficiency.
2. the biostimulation method that a kind of oil-polluted soils according to claim 1 is repaired, it is characterized in that by adding the nutriment conditioning agent to increase the nutriment level of open-air lean soil, regulate growth of microorganism required all kinds of nutrient inventories (ratio) in native country in the soil, stimulate the growth of microorganism breeding, the fertilizer that adds comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and trace element, the horizontal conditioning agent of described nutriment comprises chemical fertilizer, farm manure and fertilizer, addition is according to the level calculation of the nutritious material in soil Central Plains, and add carbon in the soil of back: nitrogen: phosphorus: the mass ratio of potassium reaches 100: 8-15: 1: 0.1.
3. the biostimulation method that a kind of oil-polluted soils according to claim 1 is repaired, it is characterized in that by adding the consistency of soil conditioning agent to reduce soil stickiness, increase porosity of soil and water penetration, the penetrating degree of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the increase soil, be beneficial to native country microorganism in the repair process to the demand of oxygen with in time discharge the catabolite carbon dioxide, described consistency of soil conditioning agent comprises yellow ground and canebreak, canebreak comprises the assorted living weeds in the field of pulverizing, crop stalk and the sawdust pulverized, its addition is the 1%-10% of contaminated soil quality.
4. the biostimulation method that a kind of oil-polluted soils according to claim 1 is repaired, it is characterized in that described soil ph conditioning agent comprises by adding fertilizer or humic acid fertilizer reduction soil alkalescence, or, soil pH value is maintained near the neutrality by adding the acidity of lime reduction soil.
5. the biostimulation method that a kind of oil-polluted soils according to claim 1 is repaired, it is characterized in that regulating retention capacity of soil by adding agricultural water-loss reducer, make the water-holding capacity increase of the back soil that once waters and remain on certain level in a long time, described agricultural water-loss reducer is synthetic polymer class, starch based, the nontoxic macromolecule agricultural water-loss reducer of cellulose family, and its use amount is with reference to agriculture water-loss reducer consumption.
6. the biostimulation method that a kind of oil-polluted soils according to claim 1 is repaired is characterized in that described agronomic measures comprises pulverizing, turns over, damping and plantation plant.Pulverize the bulky grain oil-polluted soils, can promote the migration and the conversion of matter and energy in the soil, improve the bioavailability of the petroleum pollution in the soil, native country microorganism and petroleum pollution are fully contacted to improve degradation efficiency; Turn over, damping can promote aerobic and facultative aerobic petroleum hydrocarbon degradation microbial growth and breeding in the soil, improves the degradation efficiency of microorganism to petroleum pollution; The plantation plant can utilize root system of plant to improve the rhizosphere soil microenvironment, proceeds the oil-polluted soils reparation with native country microorganism synergy.Turn over and to adopt machinery to turn over or manually turn over, the frequency of turning over is 1-2 time weekly, the damping measure comprises watering, covers straw screen or mat or agricultural mulching, and the plantation plant be for tolerating the plant of soil PetroChina Company Limited. class content, salt content, based on the careless class and the native country plant of the food chain that do not enter the people.
7. the biostimulation method that a kind of oil-polluted soils according to claim 1 is repaired is characterized in that specific implementation method may further comprise the steps:
1) physics, the chemical property of detection oil-polluted soils are analyzed its oil content, Acidity of Aikalinity, nutriment level, retentiveness, permeability, salt content, particle composition and petroleum hydrocarbon degradation bacterium quantity;
2) oil-polluted soils is carried out mechanical crushing, apply the soil stickiness conditioning agent in soil, addition is decided according to the soil stickiness situation, and addition is the 1%-10% of soil quality; Add the soil acidity or alkalinity conditioning agent, if acid ground then adds lime, if basic soil then adds fertilizer or humic acid fertilizer, addition is the 1%-5% of soil quality; Add fertilizer and regulate the soil nutrient content of material, addition is relevant with the soil oil content, is generally the 1%-3% of soil quality; Add agricultural water-loss reducer, addition is the 1%-3% of soil quality; With above conditioner and soil mix, mixing;
3) in oil-polluted soils, water, guarantee that soil moisture content is 15%-20%, in time add moisture or with mulching soil surfaces such as straw screen or mat, agricultural mulchings according to the soil moisture content situation of change;
4) plowed soils 1-2 time weekly;
5) be reduced to 1.0% or plantation plant when reducing very slowly at the contaminated soil oil content, apply fertilizer, water, loosen the soil according to vegetation growth state.
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