CN102357519B - Method of remedying petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil by using ornamental plant Portulaca Grandiflora L. - Google Patents
Method of remedying petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil by using ornamental plant Portulaca Grandiflora L. Download PDFInfo
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- CN102357519B CN102357519B CN 201110206485 CN201110206485A CN102357519B CN 102357519 B CN102357519 B CN 102357519B CN 201110206485 CN201110206485 CN 201110206485 CN 201110206485 A CN201110206485 A CN 201110206485A CN 102357519 B CN102357519 B CN 102357519B
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Abstract
The invention relates to environmental remediation technology for organic contaminated soil, specifically to a phytoremediation method of remedying petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil by using the ornamental plant Portulaca Grandiflora L. According to the invention, degradation of target petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in contaminated soil is promoted by using the absorption action of the plant Portulaca Grandiflora L. itself and degradation effects of root exudates and rhizospheric microorganisms of Portulaca Grandiflora L. When the plants of Portulaca Grandiflora L. are mature, the plants can be integrally removed from soil and sold as goods; it is not necessarily to remove the plants. Through repeated plantation of Portulaca Grandiflora L. and repeated absorption action and degradation effects of Portulaca Grandiflora L., petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in contaminated soil can be continuously reduced until the content of the pollutants reaches national environment standard or ecological safety level. The method has the advantages of environmental beautification, no need of disposal of planted areas, physical and chemical properties not destroying soil, no secondary pollution, low cost, appropriateness to large scale operation, treatment of pollution, improvement of environment, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the environment remediation technology of organic polluted soil, specifically a kind of plant restoration method that utilizes ornamental plant Portulaca grandilora (Portulaca Grandiflora L.) to repair petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil.
Background technology
Soil is one of mankind's main environment resource of depending on for existence.In the past few decades, people use the kind of toxic organics and quantity to be on the increase, and the organic pollution that enters in the soil environment increases day by day.Soil organic pollutant not only directly causes living in biology decline wherein, and the safety that jeopardizes human healthy even whole ecological environment by soil-plant system via food chain, and cause the pollution of surface water and groundwater by the migration of pollutant, in the threat of many levels formation to environment for human survival, make the mankind be exposed to [document 1: Zhou Qixing in the larger environmental risk, Kong Fanxiang, Zhu Lin. ecological toxicology. Beijing: Science Press: 2004,353-386; Document 2: Dai Shugui. the Environmental Chemistry progress. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press: 2005,119-144; Document 3:James C.A., Strand S.E., Phytoremediation of small organic contaminants using transgenic plants, Current Opinion in Biotechology, 2009,20 (2): 237-241.].Therefore effectively administer poisonous and harmful organic pollution in the soil and become one of the difficult point of domestic and international soil and the joint research of environmental science circle and hot fields [document 4: Guo Ting, Zhang Chengdong, Qi Jianchao, Zhang Qingmin, Qiao Jun, Chen Wei, saccharomycete-bacterium combined remedying oil-polluted soils research, Research of Environmental Sciences, 22 (2009) 1472-1477; Document 5:Agamuthu P., Abioye O.P., Aziz A.A., Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with used lubricating oil using Jatropha curcas, Journal of hazardous materials, 179 (2010) 891-894; Document 6: Song Yufang is permitted China, Ren Liping. the biological restoration research of two Plants Soil Under Conditions mineral oil in fluid and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHS). and Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology .2001,12 (1): 108-112.].Petroleum hydrocarbon is by alkane, aromatic hydrocarbons, the combined pollutant that asphalitine and polar substances four large class materials form.Oil is called " blood of industry " by people, it is the pillar of social development, global annual oil production rate reaches [document 7:Table A1.World total primary energy consumption by region about 3,700,000,000 tons now, Reference case, 2005-2035.U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Outlook 2010.
Http:// www.eia.gov/oiaf/ieo/ieorefcase.html].Oil-cut mud, landwaste and ground crude oil that oil occurs in exploitation, storage and transport process, the discharging that the improper operation meeting that occurs in refining process inevitably produces petroleum hydrocarbon, thus larger area soil around the oil well is produced severe contamination.Excessive petroleum hydrocarbon causes the destruction of soil texture in the soil, disperse grogs, affect the permeability of soil, produced serious hydrophobicity by petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil simultaneously, thereby cause soil normally moisture absorption and storage moisture obstruction plant normal growth [document 8:Liste H.H.Felgentreu D.Crop growth, culturable bacteria, and degradation of petrol hydrocarbons (PHCs) in a long-term contaminated field soil.Applied Soil Ecology, 2006,31:43-52.]; And may pass through osmosis polluted underground water [document 9:N.Sawatsky, X.Li.Importance of soil-water relations in assessing the endpoint of bioremediated soils.Plant and Soil.1997,192:227-236.].Thereby petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil is effectively administered very urgent.
Effective governing measure of soil petroleum pollution is the large difficult point that academia and engineering circles are faced jointly, mainly contains physico-chemical process and microorganism recovery technique in order to the technology of soil petroleum pollution reparation.Traditional physico-chemical process is costly, easily produces secondary pollution, is not suitable for large-scale application; It should be noted that the microorganisms such as bacterium of using in the microorganism recovery technique may bring biologic contamination to soil and groundwater, and for the organic pollution of microorganism difficult degradation, can't use the microorganism recovery technique at all.Can predict, new technology safe and reliable, economical and efficient in the organic polluted soil reparation, will play the part of more and more important role [document 10: Dai Shugui. Environmental Chemistry progress. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press: 2005,119-120].As an emerging environment remediation technology, the phytoremediation of organic polluted soil refers to utilize plant in growth course, the method of a kind of in-situ treatment contaminated soil of absorption, degraded, passivation organic pollution [document 11: Zhou Qixing, Song Yu virtue .2004. contaminated soil Principles and method. Beijing: Science Press].Compare with conventional method, the plant restoration method major advantage of organic polluted soil has: environment is had the improvement effect; Do not need the special scene of disposing; Has the multifunctionality of processing the variety classes dangerous substance; Expense is low, is suitable for large-scale operation, generally far below physics, chemistry and microorganism recovery technique; The people is joyful in addition aesthetically; Public's acceptance high [document 12:Macek T.et al.Biotechnology Advances.2000,18:23; Document 13:X.Ying, G.Dongmei, L.Judong, W.Zhenyu, Plant-microbe Interactions to Improve Crude Oil Degradation, Energy Procedia, 2011,5,844-848; Document 14:Schnoor J L.Phytoremediation Technology Evalution Report, Prepared for Groundwater Remediation Technologies Analysis Center.
Http:// gwrtac.org.1997.; Document 15: Dai Shugui. the Environmental Chemistry progress. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press: 2005,119-122.], thereby become just gradually one of direction of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated reparation research.
In the research and practice of plant extract recovery technique, filter out can efficient degradation soil in the plant of excessive petroleum hydrocarbon be prerequisite and the basis of carrying out the work.Yet, up to now, also fewer to the plant research of excessive petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil of can degrading both at home and abroad; China's research in this respect also is in the starting stage, and the plant of be used for repairing petroleum hydrocarbon contaminant with China's independent intellectual property right just still less, in addition at economical character, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the research of Breeding Potential and physiology aspect is incomplete, have a strong impact on its application in actual repair [document 16:S.E.Gaskin, R.H.Bentham, Rhizoremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soi l using Austral ian native grasses.Science of The Total Environment, 2010,408,3683-3688.].Therefore, seek the vital task that more plants of more preferably efficiently repairing petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil remain current plant extract reparation research.
Ornamental plant is human use's time-honored one large plant group, comprise the cultivar more than 400,000, germ plasm resource is extremely abundant, and China has one of the abundantest country of ornamental plant kind [document 17: Guo Weiming in the world, Mao Longsheng. fancy horticulture outline [M]. Beijing: Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2001.].Screening has the plant of efficient degradation toxic organic pollutant matter and has the following advantages for repairing research and practice in ornamental plant: (1) Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources is abundant, existing draft also has xylophyta, for screening operation has been established solid foundation; (2) can beautify the environment simultaneously administering pollution, kill two birds with one stone; (3) ornamental plant generally can not enter food chain, can reduce the threat to human body even whole ecological safety; (4) a lot of ornamental plants have certain economic worth, and vegetable material can be used as raw material after repairing, and repair output to improve, and reduce rehabilitation cost; (5) human in long-term Agricultural Activities, accumulated abundant ornamental plant cultivation management experience, so that the reparation of ornamental plant practice has had sufficient agricultural technology guarantee [document 18: Liu Jianv, Zhou Qixing, Sun Ting, Deng. flower plant is applied to the feasibility study that contaminated soil is repaired. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006,18:1617-1623.].Therefore, screening efficient degradation soil petroleum hydrocarbon plant is feasible for repairing practice also from ornamental plant.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing efficient rehabilitation plant Portulaca grandilora (Portulaca Grandiflora L.) to repair petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
(1) cuttage Portulaca grandilora or sow the seed of this Plants in oil-polluted soils;
(2) during showering, the Portulaca grandilora of planting in petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil adopts greenhouse production, regularly waters, and makes soil moisture content remain on that its biomass growth is maximum, the contaminant degradation rate is the highest; Also i.e. original position reparation can directly be planted Portulaca grandilora on the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil in field;
(3) it is that commodity are sold that the Portulaca grandilora of gathering in the crops can be used as ornamental flower, and perhaps these plants also can remove, and allow it stay the field, by directly being embedded in the method in field; Make it to degrade and as the fertilizer of lower batch of Portulaca grandilora plantation.Cuttage Portulaca grandilora or sow the seed of this Plants repeats aforesaid operations, until the petroleum hydrocarbon content in the soil reaches National Environmental standard or ecological safety level again.
Plant Portulaca grandilora in petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, petroleum hydrocarbon absorbs through internal metabolism by Portulaca grandilora, degrades or to be accumulated in tissue interior or through the volatilization of plant; And under the acting in conjunction of rhizosphere microorganism and root exudates and enzyme, promote the efficient degradation of soil Petroleum Hydrocarbon pollutant, therefore can remove petroleum hydrocarbon excessive in the soil by the plantation Portulaca grandilora, thereby reach the purpose that reduces soil Petroleum Hydrocarbon pollutant, finally make the petroleum hydrocarbon content in the soil reach National Environmental standard or ecological safety level.
The Portulaca grandilora of results can be used as ornamental flower (commodity) and sells, when obtaining economic benefit, automatically (huge numbers of families can throw away separately dustbin to used flowers to obtain processing to biomass, along with the processing of rubbish, just solved the processing of biomass).Therefore, extensive cultivation means extensive reparation, also means by the exchange of commodities simultaneously and obtains larger economic benefit.Certainly, these flower plants also can remove, and allow it stay the field, by directly being embedded in the method in field, make it to degrade and as the fertilizer of lower batch of Portulaca grandilora plantation, thereby avoid secondary pollution.
Portulaca grandilora of the present invention (Portulaca Grandiflora L.) is the annual herb flowers, has preferably ornamental value.Its Plant Taxonomy feature is as follows: 0-20 centimetre of Portulaca grandilora plant height, branch lodge, and half crawl is given birth to, meat.Leaf alternate or scattered, meat, cylindrical.Spend the 1-3 stem top of clustering.3-4 centimetre in flower footpath, 5 pieces on dish, petal have the polyphyll kind.Pattern adularescent, various yellow, redness, purple etc.Flower is open in the afternoon after sunrise and withers, and the cloudy day withers to beginning at dusk.Late June at florescence is to August.Have white, spend red point, lilac, yellowish, deep yellow, light pink, reddish brown, bright red, dark red and purplish red in vain; Except a basal part of stem of three kinds of patterns is the green, more than be light brown red.The many single-lobes of Portulaca grandilora, the title phoenix globe daisy of polyphyll.
Before the showering plantation, basin soil should be watered permeablely, make its maintenances moistening, after the plantation Portulaca grandilora time should be selected in the dusk.Studies show that, Portulaca grandilora is the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated plant of a kind of efficient reparation, the middle low concentration petroleum hydrocarbon contaminant in the soil is had stronger restrain oneself, absorption and degradation capability.
The present invention also can directly plant Portulaca grandilora by the land for growing field crops and come original position to repair petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil.
The method is compared with traditional Remediation of Contaminated Soil, has that small investment, quantities are little, a specification requirement advantages of higher not; And as a kind of green recovery technique, the plant of gathering in the crops does not need to focus in addition, can not cause secondary pollution, the process of repairing simultaneously not only can the spoiled soil ecological environment, also help to improve because of degradation problem under the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil degradation that causes and the productivity, recover and improve its bio-diversity.In addition, as a kind of ornamental plant, the plantation Portulaca grandilora can play the effect of beautifying the environment when repairing contaminated environment, have good ecological benefits.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the repairing effect of Portulaca grandilora under the different petroleum hydrocarbon concentration for the treatment of, i.e. different disposal group total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation rate (%).
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: Portulaca grandilora is to the greenhouse pot culture repairing test of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil
This test site is located in Nankai Univ.'s glass sunlight house, is located in the Nankai District, Tianjin City, belongs to temperate zone half moistening continental monsoon climate, and annual precipitation is about 500～600mm.Test is taken from Dongying city Shengli Oil Field with original oil-polluted soils.Original oil-polluted soils and cleaning soil evenly mix it after crossing respectively the 2mm sieve by a certain percentage, are configured to different concentration gradients.3 processing are established in experiment altogether, and be respectively: CK (cleaning soil), petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated substrate concentration are followed successively by: soil A:5, and 090mg/kg, soil B:10,278mg/kg, each is processed and repeats 4 times.Potted plantly with flowerpot different petroleum hydrocarbon concentration soil 1800 grams are housed respectively.Soil water permeable after, keep moistening, with the Portulaca grandilora branch with the plant nutrition liquid water planting to the long 3cm of root, keep suitably apart from cuttage in testing with potted plant soil every basin cuttage 8 strains between the Portulaca grandilora branch.According to the soil moisture Condition of abundance or deficiency, irregularly water, make soil moisture content often remain on that the growth of its biomass is maximum, the contaminant degradation rate is the highest.Utilize the loosening table soil of bamboo chip or little spades during the flower growth, the angle of bamboo chip or little spades should be about 45 ° of positions, do not hurt the root of Portulaca grandilora when loosening the soil, thereby guarantee that oxygen is sufficient in the soil, be beneficial to the growth of Portulaca grandilora and the growth and breeding of rhizosphere microorganism thereof.Water growth period in good time, torridity summer 7-8 waters 2 times every day in month, but does not make potted plant ponding, waters and adopt the root suction.
Plant growth is gathered in the crops plant after 4 months.The plant sample of results is divided into aerial part and under ground portion, fully washes to remove earth and the dirt that adheres on the plant sample with running water respectively, and then use deionized water rinsing, drain moisture., plant fresh weight long to plant height, root measured respectively, sloughed afterwards moisture in dry 24 hours and make it measure the plant dry weight to constant weight in vacuum freeze drier.
Experimental result is as follows:
1) under the different disposal concentration Portulaca grandilora to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated tolerance
Referring to table 1 as can be known, under different petroleum hydrocarbon concentration were processed, the biomass of Portulaca grandilora was different.When petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated concentration was 5,090mg/kg, Portulaca grandilora had demonstrated stronger tolerance to pollutant, and to compare difference not remarkable for Portulaca grandilora in biomass and the cleaning control soil.Compare with the every Biological indicators in the cleaning soil, concentration is that 5,090mg/kg processes petroleum hydrocarbon contaminant that the inhibiting rate of plant height and the long plant fresh weight of root is respectively 11.51%, 11.32%.When concentration for the treatment of was 10,278mg/kg, Portulaca grandilora plant plant height inhibiting rate was 28.30%, was 40.93% to the inhibiting rate of root, far surpassed 20%, and inhibitory action is more remarkable; Namely when the petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in the soil reached 10,278mg/kg, petroleum hydrocarbon contaminant was obviously strengthened the growth inhibition effect of Portulaca grandilora.This shows, Portulaca grandilora is fit to repair concentration＜10, the middle low concentration petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil about 278mg/kg.
Table 1 variable concentrations petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil is on the impact of Portulaca grandilora biomass
2) degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbon under the different disposal concentration
Such as Fig. 1, the grey strip respectively representative species petroleum hydrocarbon concentration that is implanted with Portulaca grandilora is 5,090mg/kg, 10, the soil of 278mg/kg, it is 5 that the white strip represents respectively the petroleum hydrocarbon concentration of not planting Portulaca grandilora, 090mg/kg, 10, the soil of 278mg/kg, after potted plant repairing test finishes, the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rate of plantation Portulaca grandilora group is respectively 1.28～1.39 times of blank group, although the reduction of soil petroleum hydrocarbon contaminant is soil physics, chemistry and the coefficient result of bioprocess, but the blank under the same treatment condition has been got rid of volatilization, the impact of leaching and photodissociation etc.Although soil Petroleum Hydrocarbon pollutant exists degraded to a certain degree, contrast blank, the repairing effect of Portulaca grandilora is more remarkable.Because the system of fibrous root of Portulaca grandilora can discharge all kinds of natural organic acids and enzyme in soil environment, thereby promote petroleum hydrocarbon contaminant in the biodegradation of plant ectogensis, the participation of Portulaca grandilora root system activity is so that the microorganism biological degradation enhancing of rhizospheric environment, and absorb by internal metabolism, stay in the plant tissue or vapor away by Portulaca grandilora, and then improve soil Petroleum Hydrocarbon removal of pollutants rate, thereby be conducive to the degraded of petroleum hydrocarbon and the phytoremediation of contaminated soil.
Claims (1)
1. a method of utilizing the ornamental plant Portulaca grandilora to repair petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil is characterized in that, the implementation step is as follows:
(1) cuttage Portulaca grandilora in oil-polluted soils;
(2) during showering, the Portulaca grandilora of planting in petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil adopts greenhouse production, regularly waters, and makes soil moisture content remain on that its biomass growth is maximum, the contaminant degradation rate is the highest; When original position is repaired, Portulaca grandilora is directly planted on the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil in field; Described petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil Petroleum Hydrocarbon concentration is less than 10278mg/kg;
(3) Portulaca grandilora of results is that commodity are sold as ornamental flower, and perhaps these plants needn't remove, and directly are embedded in the field; The cuttage Portulaca grandilora repeats aforesaid operations, until the petroleum hydrocarbon content in the soil reaches National Environmental standard or ecological safety level again.
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| CN103056154A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2013-04-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Rooting zone restoration method of high concentration oil pollution saline alkali soil |
| CN103817143B (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2015-09-02 | 南开大学 | A kind of method utilizing wild ornamental plants Sedum spectabilis remedying oil-polluted soils |
| CN103464454B (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-08 | 南开大学 | Method for renovating soil suffered from multiple pollution of cadmium, lead and arsenic with ligustrum malongense |
| CN103817142B (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-02 | 南开大学 | A kind of method utilizing wild ornamental plants wild flag remedying oil-polluted soils |
| CN103949467B (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2016-01-20 | 南开大学 | A kind of method utilizing wild ornamental plants Shasta daisy remedying oil-polluted soils |
| CN103934263B (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-11-25 | 南开大学 | A kind of method utilizing wild ornamental plants Chinese small iris remedying oil-polluted soils |
| CN105665431A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-06-15 | 南开大学 | Method for restoring petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil through wild ornamental plant day lilies |
| CN105750312A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-07-13 | 天津大学 | Application optimization method of local soil plant-microorganism remediation technology |
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| CN102091715A (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-15 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for remediating oil-contaminated soil by using gaillardia aristata pursh flower plants |
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