CN101942742A - 一种采用羽毛制备吸油布的方法 - Google Patents

一种采用羽毛制备吸油布的方法 Download PDF

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CN101942742A
CN101942742A CN2010100272436A CN201010027243A CN101942742A CN 101942742 A CN101942742 A CN 101942742A CN 2010100272436 A CN2010100272436 A CN 2010100272436A CN 201010027243 A CN201010027243 A CN 201010027243A CN 101942742 A CN101942742 A CN 101942742A
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feather
oil suction
suction cloth
oil
polypropylene
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俞镇慌
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ANHUI CREST ECOMATERIALS Ltd
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ANHUI CREST ECOMATERIALS Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2010/078224 priority patent/WO2011082603A1/zh
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Priority to PCT/CN2011/076868 priority patent/WO2012055264A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种采用羽毛制备吸油布的方法，包括以下步骤：(a)将羽毛与低熔点双组分聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维混合，所述羽毛与所述聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维的重量比为70～85∶15～30；(b)用气流成网机将步骤a中混合的羽毛及纤维制作成纤维网；(c)将所述纤维网在125℃～165℃条件下进行热粘合，形成连续多孔的吸油布。本发明将羽绒制造行业和羽毛球制造行业中产生的废料羽片或羽丝加工成吸油布，不但可以将羽绒、羽毛的加工纳入到大批量工业化生产中，有利于扩大羽毛制品的应用市场，而且解决羽绒、羽毛分散使用状态过程中容易飞散、回收困难等问题，同时成本大为降低，使用更为简单。

Description

一种采用羽毛制备吸油布的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种采用羽毛制备吸油布的制备方法，属于环境保护领域。
背景技术
现有的羽绒制品生产中，原料来源于家禽养殖业中鹅与鸭的羽毛。其中羽绒仅占羽毛的25％左右，是羽绒制品的主要原料，其余约75％的羽毛实际利用一般为填充材料，或粉碎后作饲料。在做上述用途时，羽绒、羽毛都是以分散形态使用，由于羽绒、羽毛纤维中空腔多，比重轻，在自然环境中很容易飞散，容易造成环境的二次污染。
中国发明专利“油污水面清洁装置的制造方法”(申请号为03118686.6)，公开了一种油污水面清洁装置的制造方法，是以人的毛发或家禽羽毛、人的毛发和家禽羽毛作为油污的吸附材料与海绵橡胶体制成清洁装置。这种油污水面清洁装置，只要接触含燃油、动植物油等水面油污物，即能迅速作吸收，吸附能力强，清除油污物快；同时，还具有结构简单，容易制造，操作方法简单方便，使用操作成本低。而且，所用的吸附材料具有吸油污物专一性，能使油和水直接分离，稍轻压便可回收油料；操作可靠，效率高，又不会产生二次污染，并能反复多次使用。但是这种采用羽毛制备的吸附装置由于事先需要对羽毛进行酸洗、甩干、氧化、漂洗、干燥等一系列加工才能作为油污的吸附材料，而整个吸附装置为一种手提支架，这种油污吸附装置对于羽毛原料要求严格，从而加大了成本，而且这种吸附装置本身结构的问题只能适用于小面积的油污污染，而且吸附时费时费力，难以处理大面积的海洋油污泄漏等问题。
中国发明专利“羽绒在油污染防治中的用途”(申请号为200510097346.9)，提出利用羽绒使吸附的各类矿物油和食用油瞬间凝胶化的这一新的吸凝特性，应用于制备防治油污染用的吸油材料。该专利提出了羽绒在吸油方面的显著特性，但是该专利明显忽视了这种羽绒制备吸油材料的经济成本，羽绒目前主要用于羽绒服的制备，用羽绒来制备吸油材料明显具有不经济性，在实践中难以推广普及。
发明人考虑到羽毛在吸油性能方面同样具有显著的优势，尤其考虑到本专利以后的推广对于经济成本因素的考量，因此在选用原材料方面，以及产品本身的制作工艺方面都着重考虑实用性与成本，从而最终启发了本专利的灵感。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种采用羽毛制备吸油布的制备方法，将羽绒制造行业和羽毛球制造行业中产生的废料加工成吸油布，不但可以将羽绒、羽毛的加工纳入到大批量工业化生产中，有利于扩大羽毛制品的应用市场，而且解决羽绒、羽毛分散使用状态过程中容易飞散、回收困难等问题，同时成本大为降低，使用更为简单。
本发明提供的技术方案如下：
一种采用羽毛制备吸油布的方法，包括以下步骤：
(a)、将羽毛与低熔点双组分聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维混合，所述羽毛与所述聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维的重量比为70～85∶15～30；
(b)、用气流成网机将步骤a中混合的羽毛及纤维制作成纤维网；
(c)、将所述纤维网在125℃～165℃条件下进行热粘合，形成连续多孔的吸油布。
进一步地，还包括步骤(d)：通过切割设备将吸油布切割成块。
进一步地，所述羽毛为经脱脂洗涤处理的羽毛毛片，和/或去除羽轴的羽丝。
进一步地，所述羽毛为鸡毛、鸭毛、鹅毛的毛片或羽丝。
进一步地，所述吸油布的平均面密度为150克/米2～400克/米2。
本发明以目前羽绒加工行业和羽毛球制造行业中已经脱脂洗涤处理的废弃羽毛毛片，以及去除羽轴的羽丝作为原料，与聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维相混合，采用纺织非织造加工中的气流成网技术，将上述混合材料制成纤维网，然后经后续烘房在温度高于聚乙烯组分熔点125℃，低于聚丙烯组分熔点165℃的条件下处理，聚乙烯组分熔融后将羽毛和聚丙烯纤维粘结成一个整体性的复合成型材料，再经后续切割设备可将此成型材料制成各种尺寸规格的吸油布或直接成卷包装。本专利中的吸油布不是常规意义上的纺织品-布匹，而是因为本专利方法最终制成的成型材料类似于布匹，同时具有吸油的特性，因此称为吸油布。
本发明的优点如下：
1、采用工业化加工方式将容易飘飞散落的羽毛材料制成一种成型材料，为羽毛制品的运输和使用提供了便利，避免在运输和使用过程中羽毛的浪费，又有利于周围环境的清洁和卫生。同时，为大批量利用羽毛材料提供了一种高效率的技术手段。
2、将羽毛材料和双组分低熔点聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维混纺后，经本专利方法加工后形成的多孔、有一定厚度的呈网络结构的吸油布，在搬运和使用过程中羽毛不会从成型材料中脱落、飞散，吸附油或油性有机溶液后，由于聚乙烯组分不溶解于油，整块材料可以整体回收，羽毛仍不会脱落而遗留在被吸附的溶液中，整体回收又为对其中所吸附的材料的后处理提供方便。
3、由于羽毛纤维中富含空腔，密度小，可浮于水面上，聚丙烯和聚乙烯的密度为0.9克/厘米3，也小于水的密度。因此，上述成型材料用于油水混合的液体中吸附油时，仍可浮于水面，不会沉入水中，有利于该材料的回收。
4、由于本专利方法制备的吸油布为一连续性的成型材料，因此可根据实际使用需求，采用工业化方式对其进行加工，制作成各种尺寸规格，特别适用于江河湖海等大面积的油污污染，采用本专利方法制备的吸油布可以高效率的进行油污吸附，然后再回收处理。
5、本专利方法采用的原料是羽绒制造行业和羽毛球制造行业中的下脚料，我国的羽绒制造行业和羽毛球制造行业规模本身就比较大，原料来源较为稳定，提取羽绒和大羽后剩余的羽丝、毛片等较容易获取，价格也极为低廉，对其进行加工制作成吸油布后，存在较大的经济价值，同时也为日益严重的江河湖海的油污污染提供一种经济、高效的除污手段。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
下面实施例中对吸油布的吸油试验指标为吸油速度和吸油倍数。
吸油速度是指：将吸油布置于机油(通用润滑油)的表面，吸油布吸油后，材料的上表面上降至与油表面相平时所需的时间为吸油速度。
吸油倍数是指：将吸油布称重后置于机油的表面，历时3分钟，将吸油后的吸油布取出，再让其滴油3分钟，然后称重。计算所吸的油的重量与吸油布原重量之比为吸油倍数。
实施例1
重量比：鸭毛毛片∶聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维＝85∶15
吸油布平均厚度：40mm
吸油布平均面密度：275g/m2(从150g/m2→400g/m2)
吸油速度(平均)：＞180秒
吸油倍数(平均)：21
实施例2
重量比：鸭毛毛片∶聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维＝70∶30
吸油布平均厚度：40mm
吸油布平均面密度：275g/m2(从150g/m2→400g/m2)
吸油速度(平均)：＞180秒
吸油倍数(平均)：20.7
实施例3
重量比：鸭毛羽丝∶聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维＝80∶20
吸油布平均厚度：20mm
吸油布平均面密度：275g/m2(从150g/m2→400g/m2)
吸油速度(平均)：90秒
吸油倍数(平均)：29
实施例4
重量比：鸭毛羽丝∶聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维＝75∶25
吸油布平均厚度：20mm
吸油布平均面密度：275g/m2(从150g/m2→400g/m2)
吸油速度(平均)：120秒
吸油倍数(平均)：32
实施例5
重量比：鹅毛羽丝∶聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维＝82∶18
吸油布平均厚度：15mm
吸油布平均面密度：275g/m2(从150g/m2→400g/m2)
吸油速度(平均)：45秒
吸油倍数(平均)：14.5
实施例6
重量比：鹅毛羽丝∶聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维＝72∶28
吸油布平均厚度：15mm
吸油布平均面密度：275g/m2(从150g/m2→400g/m2)
吸油速度(平均)：50秒
吸油倍数(平均)：15.3
从上述各实施例可以看出本专利方法制成的吸油布的吸油速度较快，吸油倍数都在14以上，具有较强的吸油能力。
本领域技术人员应该认识到，上述的具体实施方式只是示例性的，是为了更好的使本领域技术人员能够理解本专利，不能理解为是对本专利保护范围的限制，只要是根据本专利所揭示精神的所作的任何等同变更或修饰，均落入本专利的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种采用羽毛制备吸油布的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(a)、将羽毛与低熔点双组分聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维混合，所述羽毛与所述聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维的重量比为70～85∶15～30；
(b)、用气流成网机将步骤a中混合的羽毛及纤维制作成纤维网；
(c)、将所述纤维网在125℃～165℃条件下进行热粘合，形成连续多孔的吸油布。
2.根据权利要求1所述采用羽毛制备吸油布的方法，其特征在于，
还包括步骤(d)：通过切割设备将吸油布切割成块。
3.根据权利要求1所述采用羽毛制备吸油布的方法，其特征在于，
所述羽毛为经脱脂洗涤处理的羽毛毛片，和/或去除羽轴的羽丝。
4.根据权利要求3所述采用羽毛制备吸油布的方法，其特征在于，
所述羽毛为鸡毛、鸭毛、鹅毛的毛片或羽丝。
5.根据权利要求1所述采用羽毛制备吸油布的方法，其特征在于，
所述吸油布的平均面密度为150克/米2～400克/米2。
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