WO2011082603A1 - 一种有选择性的复合结构吸附材料 - Google Patents

一种有选择性的复合结构吸附材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011082603A1
WO2011082603A1 PCT/CN2010/078224 CN2010078224W WO2011082603A1 WO 2011082603 A1 WO2011082603 A1 WO 2011082603A1 CN 2010078224 W CN2010078224 W CN 2010078224W WO 2011082603 A1 WO2011082603 A1 WO 2011082603A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feather
outer layer
composite structure
composite
polypropylene resin
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PCT/CN2010/078224
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
俞镇慌
Original Assignee
安徽羽冠生态环境材料有限责任公司
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Application filed by 安徽羽冠生态环境材料有限责任公司 filed Critical 安徽羽冠生态环境材料有限责任公司
Priority to CN201180051899.4A priority Critical patent/CN103298989B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2011/076868 priority patent/WO2012055264A1/zh
Publication of WO2011082603A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011082603A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/261—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
    • B01J20/28007—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size with size in the range 1-100 nanometers, e.g. nanosized particles, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanowires or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
    • B01J20/28035—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat with more than one layer, e.g. laminates, separated sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28052—Several layers of identical or different sorbents stacked in a housing, e.g. in a column
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/04—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by at least one layer folded at the edge, e.g. over another layer ; characterised by at least one layer enveloping or enclosing a material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/05—Interconnection of layers the layers not being connected over the whole surface, e.g. discontinuous connection or patterned connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/32—Materials not provided for elsewhere for absorbing liquids to remove pollution, e.g. oil, gasoline, fat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/02—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials
    • B01D2239/0283—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials comprising filter materials made from waste or recycled materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0622—Melt-blown
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0627—Spun-bonded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
    • B01J2220/4862—Feathers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/08—Animal fibres, e.g. hair, wool, silk
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/12—Conjugate fibres, e.g. core/sheath or side-by-side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/14—Mixture of at least two fibres made of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite structure adsorption material, in particular to a selective composite structure adsorption material prepared by using a feather yarn, belonging to the field of environmental protection.
  • the raw materials are derived from the feathers of geese and ducks in the poultry breeding industry.
  • the down is only about 20 to 25% of the feathers. It is the main raw material for down products.
  • the remaining 75% of the feather flakes are used as scrap. Generally, they are used as horny protein feed additives after crushing, and the added value is very low.
  • down and feathers are used in a dispersed form. Since the down and feather fibers have many cavities and a small specific gravity, they are easily scattered in the natural environment and easily cause secondary pollution of the environment.
  • Chinese invention patent "Method for manufacturing oil sewage surface cleaning device” (Application No. 03118686. 6), discloses a method for manufacturing oil surface cleaning device, which uses human hair or poultry feathers, human hair and poultry feathers as oil stains.
  • the adsorbent material and the sponge rubber body are made into a cleaning device.
  • the oil sewage surface cleaning device can quickly absorb as long as it is in contact with water-based oil and oil such as fuel oil, animal and vegetable oil, and has strong adsorption capacity and quick removal of oil and dirt; at the same time, it has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and is simple and convenient to operate. Low operating costs.
  • the adsorbent material used has the specificity of oil absorption and sewage, can directly separate the oil and water, and can recover the oil material with a slight pressure; the operation is reliable, the efficiency is high, no secondary pollution is generated, and the product can be repeatedly used repeatedly.
  • the feather-prepared adsorption device can be used as an oil adsorption material due to a series of processing such as pickling, drying, oxidizing, rinsing, drying, etc., and the entire adsorption device is a portable support.
  • the adsorption device has strict requirements on feather raw materials, thereby increasing the cost, and the problem of the structure of the adsorption device itself can only be applied to small-area oil pollution, and it takes time and labor for adsorption, and it is difficult to deal with large-area marine oil leakage and the like.
  • the Chinese invention patent "Use of Down in the Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution” proposes the instant gelation of various mineral oils and edible oils adsorbed by down This new clotting property is used to prepare oil-absorbing materials for oil pollution prevention.
  • the patent proposes the remarkable characteristics of down in oil absorption, but the patent obviously ignores the economic cost of the down-filling of oil-absorbing materials.
  • Down is currently mainly used for the preparation of down jackets, the price is several hundred thousand yuan / ton, prepared with down Oil-absorbing materials are obviously uneconomical and difficult to popularize in practice.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a selective composite structure adsorbing material, which processes a large amount of waste flakes generated in the down manufacturing industry and the badminton manufacturing industry into feathers, and further processed into oil absorbing cloth or as a filling, and is disposed in a
  • a selective composite structure adsorbent material is formed for adsorbing oily or water-insoluble organic liquids.
  • a selective composite structure adsorbent material comprising an outer layer composite and an inner layer material.
  • the outer layer composite material is: a three-layer composite material in which an intermediate layer is a polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric and two surface layers are a polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric; and the inner layer material is a feather or a feather A wicking cloth made of silk, the outer layer composite material is a bag-like structure having an open end, and the inner layer material is filled into the outer layer composite material and then sealed to form the composite structure adsorbing material.
  • a selective composite structure adsorbent material including outer composite materials and
  • the inner layer material is: the intermediate layer is a polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric, and the two surface layers are a polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric; the inner layer material is a feather silk Or the wicking cloth made of feather silk, the outer layer composite material and the inner layer material are edge-sealed in the order of the outer layer/inner layer/outer layer to form a sheet-like composite structure absorbing material.
  • the polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric and the polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric are partially bonded to form a spunbond-meltblown-spunbond structure, and the polypropylene resin is spunbonded.
  • the woven fabric has an areal density ranging from 7 g/m 2 to 150 g/m 2
  • the polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric has an areal density ranging from 10 g/m 2 to 200 g/m 2
  • the fiber fineness distribution The range is 1-10 liters
  • the body fineness distribution range is 1-4
  • the outer layer composite has an areal density ranging from 24 g/m 2 to 500 g/m 2 .
  • the inner layer material refers to a feather wire of a duck, goose, chicken flake after degreasing, washing and drying treatment, which adopts a special process to remove the feather shaft, or the feather yarn and the low melting point two-component polypropylene Oil absorbing cloth made of ⁇ /polyethylene fiber.
  • step a using an air-laid machine to form the feathers and fibers mixed in step a into a fiber web;
  • the method further comprises the step (d): cutting the composite structure absorbent material into pieces by a cutting device.
  • the oil absorbing fabric has a surface density ranging from 50 g/m 2 to 1000 g/m 2 .
  • the average surface density in the range of the composite structure of the adsorbent material is 75 g / m 2 to 1500 g / m 1, hydrostatic water pressure resistance may be 250mm ⁇ 300mm? When the column's pressure environment this range, the The composite does not adsorb water.
  • the singularity of the material is 0. 9 g / cm 3 .
  • the outer composite material has a structure in which the intermediate layer is a polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric, and the two surface layers are polypropylene resin.
  • polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric is a network type nonwoven fabric composed of continuous long fibers by using a polypropylene resin as a raw material and using a "spunbonding" process in a nonwoven process.
  • the characteristic is that the breaking strength of the material is relatively high, and the surface density of the material is 7-150 g/ m2 .
  • polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric is made of polypropylene resin as a raw material, and is made into a network type nonwoven fabric composed of ultrafine fibers by a "spray melting” process in a nonwoven process. It is characterized by a fiber fineness distribution ranging from 1 to 10 ⁇ m, wherein the main body fineness distribution range is 1-4 bacteria.
  • These ultrafine fibers constitute a large number of fine inner diameter capillaries in the network type nonwoven fabric, due to the polypropylene constituting the capillary wall.
  • a fiber is a hydrophobic material that cannot be wetted by water, so when this material comes into contact, the additional pressure generated in the capillary will resist the passage of water from the capillary. Air can also wet polypropylene fibers through capillaries, oils and organic solvents, so they can also pass through the capillary, which has an areal density of 10-200 g/ m2 .
  • the composite material has a structure in which the intermediate layer is a polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric, and the two surface layers are polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabrics, and the three layers of materials are hot pressed by an engraved roller, and the thermoplastic polypropylene fibers are in a roller. Under the action of heat and pressure on the raised surface of the surface, it melts and forms a composite material which is locally bonded at the point of cooling.
  • the inner layer material in this patent is a feather silk or a wicking cloth made of feather silk.
  • the feather silk is produced by the waste film produced in the current down processing industry and the badminton manufacturing industry, and the feather shaft is removed by a special process.
  • the above raw materials are also mixed with the polypropylene/polyethylene fibers, and the above-mentioned mixed materials are made into a fiber web by air-laid technology in the textile non-woven processing, and then the temperature is higher than that in the subsequent drying room.
  • the polyethylene component has a melting point of 125 ° C, which is lower than the melting point of the polypropylene component of 165 ° C. After the polyethylene component is melted, the feather and polypropylene fibers are bonded into a monolithic composite molding material, and then Subsequent cutting equipment can make this molding material into sheet absorbing fabrics of various sizes or in direct roll packaging.
  • the oil absorbing cloth in this patent is not a textile-cloth in the conventional sense, but because the molding material finally produced by the patented method is similar to cloth and has the characteristics of oil absorption, so it is called oil absorbing cloth.
  • the inner layer material and the outer layer composite material of the patent have two methods for forming the composite structure adsorbing material of the patent, and the other is that the outer layer composite material is made into a pocket shape by stitching or ultrasonic bonding, leaving a The side is not sealed, the feather is sucked by a filling fan, filled into the bag, and after the required amount is reached, the opening of the pocket is sealed by stitching or ultrasonic bonding.
  • the other is to add an outer layer composite material to the upper and lower surfaces of the prepared oil absorbing cloth, and then ultrasonically bond.
  • the partial bonding is carried out according to the required bonding pattern, and the final final product size is edge-sealed, and then cut at the edge-sealing position to be processed into a sheet.
  • This method is suitable for continuous machine industrial processing. .
  • the term "selectivity" in this patent means that materials such as feathers in the inner layer material can adsorb oil and organic solvents, and do not adsorb water; they can absorb air and can be breathable.
  • the outer composite material is prepared by using a hydrophobic material, so that the entire composite structure adsorbing material does not absorb water, can adsorb oil, organic solvent, and can be breathable.
  • the feather material can be directly filled into the outer composite material to form a bag-shaped adsorption material, and the feather material and the two-component low-melting polypropylene/polyethylene fiber can be blended to form a porous body.
  • a wicking cloth of a certain thickness having a network structure filling the wicking cloth into the outer composite material to form a composite structure absorbing material, or bonding with the outer layer composite material to form a sheet-like composite structure absorbing material, so that during handling and use The medium plume does not fall off and scatter from the adsorbent material.
  • the whole material After adsorbing the oil or the oily organic solution, the whole material can also be recovered as a whole, and the plume will not fall off and remain in the adsorbed solution, so that it can be recovered as a whole. It also facilitates the post-treatment of the materials adsorbed therein.
  • the oil absorbing cloth used in this patent is a continuous molding material, so it can be processed in an industrialized manner according to actual use requirements, and made into various sizes and specifications, which is especially suitable for large areas such as rivers, lakes and seas. Oil pollution, the composite structure adsorption material of this patent can be used for high efficiency oil adsorption and then recycled.
  • the raw materials used in this patent are the scraps in the down manufacturing industry and the badminton manufacturing industry.
  • the scale of the down manufacturing industry and the badminton manufacturing industry in China is relatively large, the source of raw materials is relatively stable, and the remaining feathers after the down and the big feathers are extracted. , the hair piece, etc. are relatively easy to obtain, and the price is also extremely low.
  • It is processed into an oil absorbing cloth or directly processed into the outer layer composite material for processing, which has great economic value, and is also an increasingly serious river and lake. Oil pollution provides an economical and efficient means of decontamination. detailed description
  • the oil absorption test indexes for the oil absorbing cloth are the oil absorption speed and the oil absorption multiple.
  • the oil absorption speed means The oil absorption is arranged on the surface of the oil (general purpose lubricating oil). After the oil absorbing cloth absorbs the oil, the time required for the upper surface of the material to fall to the level of the oil surface is the oil absorption speed.
  • the oil absorption ratio means The oil absorption cloth is weighed and placed on the surface of the oil. After 3 minutes, the oil absorption cloth after the oil absorption is taken out, and then allowed to drip for 3 minutes, and then weighed. Calculate the ratio of the weight of the absorbed oil to the original weight of the wicking cloth as the oil absorption factor.
  • the outer layer composite material is a three-layer composite material in which the intermediate layer is a polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric and the two surface layers are a polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric. among them:
  • the polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 7 g/ m2
  • the polypropylene resin meltblown nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 10 g/ m2 '
  • the outer layer composite has an areal density of 24 g/ m2.
  • the longitudinal breaking strength is 35N/5cm
  • the transverse breaking strength is 20N/5cm
  • the hydrostatic pressure is greater than 250mm water column
  • the gas permeability is 620 l / s. m 2 .
  • the outer layer composite material is edge-sealed by ultrasonic bonding into a pocket shape, leaving one side unsealed, and a mixture of chicken feather pieces, duck feather pieces and goose pieces is filled into the bag of the outer layer composite material by a filling fan, and is filled in the bag. After the required amount, the bag mouth is sealed with ultrasonic bonding.
  • the prepared composite structure adsorbent material can adsorb air when the ambient water pressure is lower than 250 mm water column, and can also adsorb oil and organic solvent without adsorbing water.
  • the outer composite material is a three-layer composite material in which the intermediate layer is a polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric and the two surface layers are a polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric, wherein:
  • the polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 15 g/ m2
  • the polypropylene resin meltblown nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 30 g/ m2
  • the outer layer composite has an areal density of 60 g/ m2 .
  • the longitudinal breaking strength is 88 N/5cm
  • the transverse breaking strength is 46 N/5cm
  • the hydrostatic pressure is greater than 300mm
  • the gas permeability is 170 l / s. m 2 .
  • the outer layer composite material is ultrasonically bonded and sealed into a pocket shape, leaving one side unsealed, and a mixture of chicken feather silk, duck feather silk and goose feather silk is filled into the bag of the outer layer composite material by a filling fan. After filling the required amount, the bag mouth is sealed with ultrasonic bonding.
  • the composite structural material can adsorb air, oil and organic solvents without adsorbing water under the condition that the ambient water pressure does not exceed 300 mm water column.
  • the outer layer composite material is a three-layer composite material in which the intermediate layer is a polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric and the two surface layers are a polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric. among them:
  • the polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 7 g/ m2
  • the polypropylene resin meltblown nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 10 g/ m2 '
  • the outer layer composite has an areal density of 24 g/ m2.
  • the longitudinal breaking strength is 35N / 5 cm
  • the transverse breaking strength is 2 ON / 5 cm
  • the hydrostatic pressure is greater than 250 mm 7 column
  • the gas permeability is 210 l / s. m 2 .
  • Average surface density of oil absorbing cloth 275g/m 2 (from 150g/ m 2 ⁇ 400g/ ra 2 )
  • An outer layer composite material is added on the upper and lower sides of the sheet-like oil absorbing cloth, and the composite structure adsorption material is formed by ultrasonic bonding, and the composite structure adsorption material is partially bonded and diced and sealed, and then Cut into small pieces.
  • the above-mentioned sheet-like composite structure adsorbing material can adsorb air, oil and organic solvent when the ambient pressure is lower than 250 mm water column, and does not adsorb water.
  • the outer composite material is a three-layer composite material in which the intermediate layer is a polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric and the two surface layers are a polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric, wherein:
  • the polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 15 g/ m2
  • the polypropylene resin meltblown nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 30 g/ m2
  • the outer layer composite has an areal density of 60 g/ m2 .
  • the longitudinal breaking strength is 88 N/5cm
  • the transverse breaking strength is 46 N/5cm
  • the hydrostatic pressure is greater than 300mm 7 columns
  • the gas permeability is 170 l / s. m 2 .
  • the inner layer material is a wicking cloth made of a mixed fiber of goose feather silk and low melting point bicomponent polypropylene/polyethylene:
  • Average surface density of oil absorbing cloth 275g/m 2 (from 150g/ m 2 ⁇ 400g/ ra 2 )
  • An outer layer composite material is added on the upper and lower sides of the sheet-like oil absorbing cloth, and the composite structure adsorbing material is formed by ultrasonic bonding, and the composite structure adsorbing material is partially bonded and diced and sealed, and then Cut into small pieces.
  • the above-mentioned sheet-like composite structure adsorbing material can adsorb air, oil and organic solvent when the ambient water pressure is lower than 300 mm water column, and does not adsorb water.
  • the outer composite material is a three-layer composite material in which the intermediate layer is a polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric and the two surface layers are a polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric, wherein:
  • the polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 15 g/ m2
  • the polypropylene resin meltblown nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 30 g/ m2
  • the outer layer composite has an areal density of 60 g/ m2 .
  • the longitudinal breaking strength is 88 N/5cm
  • the transverse breaking strength is 46 N/5cm
  • the hydrostatic pressure is greater than 300mm water column
  • the gas permeability is 170 l / s. m 2 .
  • the inner layer material is a wicking cloth made of a mixture of duck feathers, goose feather mixed feathers and low melting point bicomponent polypropylene/polyethylene:
  • Average surface density of oil absorbing cloth 275g/m 2 (from 150g/ m 2 ⁇ 400g/ ra 2 )
  • the outer layer composite material was edge-seamed by ultrasonic bonding to form a pocket, leaving one side unsealed, and the oil absorbing cloth was placed in the bag of the outer layer composite material, and then the bag mouth was sealed by ultrasonic bonding.
  • the composite structural material can adsorb air, oil and organic solvents without adsorbing water under the condition that the ambient water pressure does not exceed 300 mm water column.
  • the outer composite material is a three-layer composite material in which the intermediate layer is a polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric and the two surface layers are a polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric, wherein:
  • the polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 15 g/ m2
  • the polypropylene resin meltblown nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 30 g/ m2
  • the outer layer composite has an areal density of 60 g/ m2 .
  • the longitudinal breaking strength is 88 N/5cm
  • the transverse breaking strength is 46 N/5cm
  • the hydrostatic pressure is greater than 300mm water column
  • the gas permeability is 170 l / s. m 2 .
  • Average oil density of oil absorbing cloth 275g/m 2 (from 150g/ m 2 ⁇ 400g/ m 2 )
  • the outer layer composite material was edge-seamed by ultrasonic bonding to form a pocket, leaving one side unsealed, and the oil absorbing cloth was placed in the bag of the outer layer composite material, and then the bag mouth was sealed by ultrasonic bonding.
  • the composite structural material can adsorb air, oil and organic solvents without adsorbing water under the condition that the ambient water pressure does not exceed 300 mm water column.
  • the outer layer composite material is a three-layer composite material in which the intermediate layer is a polypropylene resin melt-blown nonwoven fabric and the two surface layers are a polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric. among them:
  • the polypropylene resin spunbonded nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 7 g/ m2
  • the polypropylene resin meltblown nonwoven fabric has an areal density of 10 g/ m2 '
  • the outer layer composite has an areal density of 24 g/ m2.
  • the longitudinal breaking strength is 35N/5cm
  • the transverse breaking strength is 20N/5cm
  • the hydrostatic pressure is greater than 250mm water column
  • the gas permeability is 620 l / s. m 2 .
  • the inner layer material is a wicking cloth made of mixed fibers of duck feather flakes and low melting point bicomponent polypropylene/polyethylene:
  • Average surface density of oil absorbing cloth 275g/m 2 (from 150g/ m 2 ⁇ 400g/ ra 2 )
  • An outer layer composite material is added on the upper and lower sides of the sheet-like oil absorbing cloth, and the composite structure adsorption material is formed by ultrasonic bonding, and the composite structure adsorption material is locally bonded. And dicing and sealing, and then cutting into small pieces.
  • the above-mentioned sheet-like composite structure adsorbing material can adsorb air, oil and organic solvent when the ambient water pressure is lower than 250 mm water column, and does not adsorb water.
  • the oil absorbing fabric prepared by the blister sheet was significantly slower than the oil absorbing cloth prepared by the feather yarn, and the oil absorbing ratio was also greatly different.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种有选择性的复合结构吸附材料，包括外层复合材料以及内层材料，所述外层复合材料为：中间层为聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布、两表面层为聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的三层复合材料，所述内层材料为羽丝或采用羽丝制成的吸油布。所述外层复合材料为一端开口的袋状结构，所述内层材料填充进所述外层复合材料中后封口形成所述复合结构吸附材料；或者将所述外层复合材料以及所述内层材料按照外层/内层/外层的顺序封边粘合形成片状复合结构吸附材料。本专利将羽绒制造行业和羽毛球制造行业中产生的废料毛片先加工成羽丝，再进一步加工成吸油布或者作为充填物，设置在一种疏水的复合材料中，形成一种有选择性的复合结构吸附材料，用于吸附油污以及非水溶性的有机液体。

Description

一种有选择性的复合结构吸附材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合结构吸附材料， 尤指一种釆用羽丝制备的有选 择性的复合结构吸附材料， 属于环境保护领域。 背景技术 说
现有的羽绒制品生产中， 原料来源于家禽养殖业中鹅与鸭的羽毛。 其中羽绒仅占羽毛的 20 ~ 25%左右，是羽绒制品的主要原料，其余约 75% 的羽毛毛片做为废料， 一般粉碎后作角书蛋白饲料添加剂， 附加值很低。 在做上述用途时， 羽绒、 羽毛都是以分散形态使用， 由于羽绒、 羽毛纤 维中空腔多， 比重轻， 在自然环境中很容易飞散， 容易造成环境的二次 污染。
中国发明专利 "油污水面清洁装置的制造方法" （ 申请号为 03118686. 6 ), 公开了一种油污水面清洁装置的制造方法，是以人的毛发 或家禽羽毛、 人的毛发和家禽羽毛作为油污的吸附材料与海绵橡胶体制 成清洁装置。这种油污水面清洁装置，只要接触含燃油、动植物油等水面 油污物，即能迅速作吸收，吸附能力强，清除油污物快；同时，还具有结构 简单，容易制造，操作方法简单方便，使用操作成本低。 而且，所用的吸附 材料具有吸油污物专一性，能使油和水直接分离，稍轻压便可回收油料； 操作可靠，效率高，又不会产生二次污染，并能反复多次使用。但是这种采 用羽毛制备的吸附装置由于事先需要对羽毛进行酸洗、 甩干、 氧化、 漂 洗、 干燥等一系列加工才能作为油污的吸附材料， 而整个吸附装置为一 种手提支架， 这种油污吸附装置对于羽毛原料要求严格， 从而加大了成 本， 而且这种吸附装置本身结构的问题只能适用于小面积的油污污染， 而且吸附时费时费力， 难以处理大面积的海洋油污泄漏等问题。
中国发明专利 "羽绒在油污染防治中的用途" （ 申请号为 200510097346. 9 )，提出利用羽绒使吸附的各类矿物油和食用油瞬间凝胶 化的这一新的吸凝特性，应用于制备防治油污染用的吸油材料。该专利提 出了羽绒在吸油方面的显著特性， 但是该专利明显忽视了这种羽绒制备 吸油材料的经济成本， 羽绒目前主要用于羽绒服的制备， 价格为数十万 元 /吨，用羽绒来制备吸油材料明显具有不经济性，在实践中难以推广普 及。
近来， 海上石油泄漏导致的海洋污染时有发生， 仅在今年， 美国、 中国就发生了两起震惊国际的海洋油污事件， 给海洋污染防治敲响了警 钟。 发明人考虑到羽丝在吸油性能方面同样具有显著的优势， 尤其考虑 到本专利以后的推广对于经济成本因素的考量，因此在选用原材料方面， 以及产品本身的制作工艺方面都着重考虑实用性与成本， 并在已经申请 的中国专利申请号为 201010027243. 6 的 "一种采用羽毛制备吸油布的 方法" 的基础上， 对技术方案进行进一步完善， 从而最终形成了本专利 的技术构思。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种有选择性的复合结构吸附材料， 将羽绒 制造行业和羽毛球制造行业中产生的大量废料毛片先加工成羽丝， 再进 一步加工成吸油布或者作为充填物， 设置在一种疏水的复合材料中， 形 成一种有选择性的复合结构吸附材料， 用于吸附油污或非水溶性有机液 体。
本发明提供的技术方案如下：
一种有选择性的复合结构吸附材料， 包括外层复合材料以及内层材 料。 所述外层复合材料为： 中间层为聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布、 两表面 层为聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的三层复合材料； 所述内层材料为羽丝或 釆用羽丝制成的吸油布， 所述外层复合材料为一端开口的袋状结构， 所 述内层材料填充进所述外层复合材料中后封口形成所述复合结构吸附材 料。
或者： 一种有选择性的复合结构吸附材料， 包括外层复合材料以及 内层材料， 所述外层复合材料为： 中间层为聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布、 两表面层为聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的三层复合材料； 所述内层材料为 羽丝或采用羽丝制成的吸油布， 将所述外层复合材料以及所述内层材料 按照外层 /内层 /外层的顺序封边粘合形成片状复合结构吸附材料。
进一步优选地， 所述聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布与所述聚丙烯树脂纺 粘非织造布经点状局部粘合形成纺粘-熔喷 -纺粘结构， 所述聚丙烯树脂 纺粘非织造布的面密度范围为 7克 /米 2-150克 /米 2, 所述聚丙烯树脂熔 喷非织造布的面密度范围为 10克 /米 2-200克 /米 2, 纤维细度分布范围 为 1-10丽， 主体细度分布范围为 1-4画， 所述外层复合材料的面密度范 围为 24克 /米 2-500克 /米 2。
进一步优选地， 所述内层材料是指脱脂、 洗涤、 烘干处理后的鸭、 鹅、 鸡的毛片采用特殊工艺去除羽轴后的羽丝， 或者所述羽丝与低熔点 双组分聚丙浠 /聚乙烯纤维制成的吸油布。
进一步优选地， 本专利中所述吸油布的制备是指：
( a )、将羽丝与低熔点双组分聚丙烯 /聚乙烯纤维混合， 所述羽丝与 所述聚丙烯 /聚乙烯纤维的重量比为 70 ~ 85： 15 - 30;
( b )、 用气流成网机将步骤 a中混合的羽丝及纤维制作成纤维网；
( c )、 将所述纤维网在 125 °C ~ 165 °C条件下进行热粘合， 形成连续 多孔的吸油布。
进一步优选地， 还包括步骤（d ): 通过切割设备将复合结构吸附材 料切割成块。
进一步优选地， 所述吸油布面密度范围在 50克 /米 2 ~ 1000克 /米 2。 进一步优选地， 所述复合结构吸附材料的平均面密度范围为 75克 / 米 2 ~ 1500克 /米 1 , 可耐静水压为 250mm ~ 300mm ? 柱， 环境水压氏于此 范围时， 该复合材料不吸附水。
本专利中的外层复合材料的原料为聚丙浠树脂， 这种树脂为疏水性 材料， 其自然回潮率为零， 其体积密度为 0. 9克 /厘米 3。 该外层复合材 料的结构为中间层为聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布、 两表面层为聚丙烯树脂 纺粘非织造布的三层复合材料。
所谓 "聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布" 是以聚丙烯树脂为原料， 采用非 织造加工中的 "纺粘法" 工艺将其制成由连续长纤维构成的一种网络型 非织造布， 其特点是材料的断裂强力比较高，材料的面密度为 7- 150克 / 米 2。
所谓 "聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布" 是以聚丙浠树脂为原料， 采用非 织造加工中的 "喷熔法" 工艺将其制成由超细纤维构成的一种网络型非 织造布， 其特点是纤维细度分布范围为 l-10um, 其中主体细度分布范围 为 1-4菌， 这些超细纤维在网络型非织造布中构成了大量内径细小的毛 细管， 由于构成毛细管壁的聚丙烯纤维是一种不能为水润湿的疏水性材 料， 因此当这种材料与 接触时， 毛细管内产生的附加压力会抵抗水从 毛细管内通过。 而空气则可以通过毛细管， 油及有机溶剂可以润湿聚丙 烯纤维， 因此它们也能通过毛细管， 这种材料面密度为 10- 200克 /米 2。
该复合材料的结构为中间层为聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布、 两表面层 为聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布， 三层材料经过刻花辊筒热压， 热塑性的聚 丙烯纤维在辊筒表面凸起点的热与压力作用下， 产生熔融， 冷却后形成 局部点粘合的复合材料。
本专利中的内层材料为羽丝或采用羽丝制成的吸油布， 羽丝以目前 羽绒加工行业和羽毛球制造行业中产生的废料毛片， 经特殊工艺去除羽 轴后制得。在制备吸油布时，也是采用上述原料与聚丙烯 /聚乙烯纤维相 混合， 采用纺织非织造加工中的气流成网技术， 将上述混合材料制成纤 维网， 然后经后续烘房在温度高于聚乙烯组分熔点 125 °C， 低于聚丙烯 组分熔点 165 °C的条件下处理， 聚乙烯组分熔融后将羽丝和聚丙烯纤维 粘结成一个整体性的复合成型材料， 再经后续切割设备可将此成型材料 制成各种尺寸规格的片状吸油布或直接成卷包装。
本专利中的吸油布不是常规意义上的纺织品-布匹， 而是因为本专 利方法最终制成的成型材料类似于布匹， 同时具有吸油的特性， 因此称 为吸油布。 本专利的内层材料与外层复合材料有两种方法可以形成本专利的复 合结构吸附材料， 一种是釆用缝合或超声波粘合的方法将外层复合材料 制成口袋状， 留下一侧不封口， 用一充绒风机吸入羽丝， 填充入袋内， 达到要求的数量后， 再将口袋的开口处用缝合或超声波粘合封边。 另一 种是在制备好的吸油布的上、 下表面各加一层外层复合材料， 再用超声 波粘合。 在此结构上按要求的粘合图案进行局部粘合， 以及按要求的最 终成品尺寸进行封边粘合， 然后按封边位置进行切割， 加工成片材， 此 方法适合于连续的机器工业加工。
本专利中的 "选择性" 是指： 内层材料中的羽丝等材料可以吸附油 以及有机溶剂， 不吸附水； 可以吸附空气， 即可透气。 而外层复合材料 是采用疏水性材料制备而成， 因此整个复合结构吸附材料不吸水， 可以 吸附油污、 有机溶剂， 可以透气。
本发明的优点如下：
1、 采用工业化加工方式将容易飘飞散落的羽毛材料制成一种成型 材料， 为羽毛制品的运输和使用提供了便利， 避免在运输和使用过程中 羽毛的浪费， 又有利于周围环境的清洁和卫生。 同时， 为大批量利用羽 毛材料提供了一种高效率的技术手段。
2、 本专利中可以直接将羽丝材料填充到外层复合材料中， 形成一 个袋状吸附材料，也可以将羽丝材料和双组分低熔点聚丙烯 /聚乙烯纤维 混纺后， 形成多孔、 有一定厚度的呈网络结构的吸油布， 将吸油布填充 到外层复合材料中形成一个复合结构吸附材料， 或者与外层复合材料粘 合形成片状复合结构吸附材料， 这样在搬运和使用过程中羽丝不会从吸 附材料中脱落、 飞散， 吸附油或油性有机溶液后， 整块材料也可以整体 回收， 羽丝仍不会脱落而遗留在被吸附的溶液中， 从而可以整体回收， 同时又为对其中所吸附的材料的后处理提供方便。
3、 由于羽丝纤维中富含空腔， 密度小， 可浮于水面上， 聚丙烯和 聚乙烯的密度为 0. 9克 /厘米 3, 也小于水的密度。 因此， 本专利的复合 结构吸附材料用于油水混合的液体中吸附油时， 仍可浮于水面， 不会沉 入水中， 有利于该材料的回收。
4、本专利中使用的吸油布为一连续性的成型材料， 因此可根据实际 使用需求， 采用工业化方式对其进行加工， 制作成各种尺寸规格， 这样 特别适用于江河湖海等大面积的油污污染， 采用本专利的复合结构吸附 材料可以高效率的进行油污吸附 , 然后再回收处理。
5、 本专利釆用的原料是羽绒制造行业和羽毛球制造行业中的下脚 料， 我国的羽绒制造行业和羽毛球制造行业规模本身就比较大， 原料来 源较为稳定， 提取羽绒和大羽后剩余的羽丝、 毛片等较容易获取， 价格 也极为低廉， 对其进行加工制作成吸油布或者经过加工直接充填到外层 复合材料中进行使用， 存在较大的经济价值， 同时也为日益严重的江河 湖海的油污污染提供一种经济、 高效的除污手段。 具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步说明本发明的技术方案，实施例中对吸油布 的吸油试验指标为吸油速度和吸油倍数。
吸油速度是指： 将吸油布置于机油 （通用润滑油） 的表面， 吸油布 吸油后， 材料的上表面下降至与油表面相平时所需的时间为吸油速度。
吸油倍数是指： 将吸油布称重后置于机油的表面， 历时 3分钟， 将 吸油后的吸油布取出， 再让其滴油 3分钟， 然后称重。 计算所吸的油的 重量与吸油布原重量之比为吸油倍数。 实施例 1：
外层复合材料为中间层为聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布、 两表面层为聚 丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的三层复合材料。 其中：
聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的面密度为 7克 /米 2， 聚丙烯树脂熔喷非 织造布的面密度为 10克 /米 2'， 外层复合材料的面密度为 24克 /米 2。 其 纵向断裂强力为 35N/5cm，横向断裂强力为 20N/5cm;耐静水压大于 250mm 水柱； 透气性为 620 l / s. m2。 将上述外层复合材料经超声波粘合封边成口袋状， 留一侧不封， 用 充绒风机将鸡毛片、 鸭毛片、 鹅毛片的混合物充入上述外层复合材料的 袋内， 充入所要求的量后， 再用超声波粘合将袋口封边。 制备而成的复 合结构吸附材料在环境水压低于 250毫米水柱时， 可以吸附空气， 也可 以吸附油以及有机溶剂 , 不吸附水。 实施例 2:
外层复合材料为中间层为聚丙浠树脂熔喷非织造布、 两表面层为聚 丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的三层复合材料， 其中：
聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的面密度为 15克 /米 2,聚丙烯树脂熔喷非 织造布的面密度为 30克 /米 2, 外层复合材料的面密度为 60克 /米 2， 其 纵向断裂强力为 88 N/5cm, 横向断裂强力为 46 N/5cm, 耐静水压大于 300mm 柱， 透气性为 170 l /s. m2。
将上述外层复合材料经超声波粘合封边成口袋状， 留一侧不封， 用 充绒风机将鸡羽丝、 鸭羽丝、 鹅羽丝的混合物充入上述外层复合材料的 袋内， 充入所要求的量后， 再用超声波粘合将袋口封边。 此复合结构材 料在环境水压不超出 300毫米水柱的条件下， 可以吸附空气、 油及有机 溶剂， 不吸附水。 实施例 3:
外层复合材料为中间层为聚丙錄树脂熔喷非织造布、两表面层为聚丙 烯树脂纺粘非织造布的三层复合材料。 其中：
聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的面密度为 7克 /米 2，聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织 造布的面密度为 10克 /米 2' , 外层复合材料的面密度为 24克 /米 2。 其纵 向断裂强力为 35N/ 5 cm,横向断裂强力为 2 ON/ 5 cm; 耐静水压大于 250mm 7 柱； 透气性为 210 l/ s. m2。
内层材料为鸭毛羽丝和低熔点双组分聚丙烯 /聚乙烯的混合纤维制成 的吸油布： 重量比： 鸭毛羽丝： 聚丙烯 /聚乙烯纤维 =70: 30 吸油布平均厚度： 40mm
吸油布平均面密度： 275g/m2 (从 150g/ m2→400g/ ra2 )
吸油速度（平均） ： 120秒
吸油倍数（平均 ): 32
在此片状吸油布的上、 下面各加入一层外层复合材料， 采用超声波 粘合形成复合结构吸附材料， 对所述复合结构吸附材料进行局部粘合以 及划片封边粘合， 再经切割成小片。 上述片状复合结构吸附材料在环境 压低于 250毫米水柱时， 可以吸附空气、 油及有机溶剂， 不吸附水。 实施例 4
外层复合材料为中间层为聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布、 两表面层为聚 丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的三层复合材料， 其中：
聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的面密度为 15克 /米 2,聚丙烯树脂熔喷非 织造布的面密度为 30克 /米 2, 外层复合材料的面密度为 60克 /米 2, 其 纵向断裂强力为 88 N/5cm, 横向断裂强力为 46 N/5cm, 耐静水压大于 300mm 7 柱， 透气性为 170 l /s. m2。
内层材料为鹅毛羽丝和低熔点双组分聚丙烯 /聚乙烯的混合纤维制 成的吸油布：
重量比： 鹅毛羽丝： 聚丙烯 /聚乙烯纤维 =80: 20
吸油布平均厚度： 20mm
吸油布平均面密度： 275g/m2 (从 150g/ m2→400g/ ra2 )
吸油速度（平均）： 90秒
吸油倍数（平均）： 29
在此片状吸油布的上、 下面各加入一层外层复合材料，釆用超声波 粘合形成复合结构吸附材料， 对所述复合结构吸附材料进行局部粘合以 及划片封边粘合， 再经切割成小片。 上述片状复合结构吸附材料在环境 水压低于 300毫米水柱时， 可以吸附空气、 油及有机溶剂， 不吸附水。 实施例 5
外层复合材料为中间层为聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布、 两表面层为聚 丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的三层复合材料， 其中：
聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的面密度为 15克 /米 2,聚丙烯树脂熔喷非 织造布的面密度为 30克 /米 2, 外层复合材料的面密度为 60克 /米 2, 其 纵向断裂强力为 88 N/5cm, 横向断裂强力为 46 N/5cm, 耐静水压大于 300mm水柱, 透气性为 170 l /s. m2。
内层材料为鸭毛、鹅毛混合羽丝和低熔点双组分聚丙烯 /聚乙烯的混 合纤维制成的吸油布：
重量比： 鸭毛、 鹅毛混合羽丝： 聚丙烯 /聚乙烯纤维 =82: 18 吸油布平均厚度： 15mm
吸油布平均面密度： 275g/m2 (从 150g/ m2→400g/ ra2 )
吸油速度（平均 ): 5秒
吸油倍数（平均）： 31
将上述外层复合材料经超声波粘合封边成口袋状， 留一侧不封，将 吸油布放入上述外层复合材料的袋内， 然后用超声波粘合将袋口封边。 此复合结构材料在环境水压不超出 300毫米水柱的条件下， 可以吸附空 气、 油及有机溶剂， 不吸附水。 实施例 6
外层复合材料为中间层为聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布、 两表面层为聚 丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的三层复合材料， 其中：
聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的面密度为 15克 /米 2，聚丙烯树脂熔喷非 织造布的面密度为 30克 /米 2， 外层复合材料的面密度为 60克 /米 2， 其 纵向断裂强力为 88 N/5cm, 横向断裂强力为 46 N/5cm, 耐静水压大于 300mm水柱， 透气性为 170 l /s. m2。
内层材料为鸡毛、 鸭毛、 鹅毛的混合羽丝和低熔点双组分聚丙烯 / 聚乙烯的混合纤维制成的吸油布： 重量比： 鸡毛、 鸭毛、 鹅毛的混合羽丝： 聚丙烯 /聚乙烯纤维 =72 : 28
吸油布平均厚度： 15mm
吸油布平均面密度： 275g/m2 (从 150g/ m2→400g/ m2 )
吸油速度（平均）： 53秒
吸油倍数（平均）： 30. 7
将上述外层复合材料经超声波粘合封边成口袋状， 留一侧不封，将 吸油布放入上述外层复合材料的袋内， 然后用超声波粘合将袋口封边。 此复合结构材料在环境水压不超出 300毫米水柱的条件下， 可以吸附空 气、 油及有机溶剂， 不吸附水。 为了与内层材料采用羽毛毛片制备的吸附材料做一个性能上的对比， 现提供如下对比实施例（与实施例 3进行对比）进行对比：
外层复合材料为中间层为聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布、 两表面层为聚 丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的三层复合材料。 其中：
聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的面密度为 7克 /米 2, 聚丙烯树脂熔喷非 织造布的面密度为 10克 /米 2' , 外层复合材料的面密度为 24克 /米 2。 其 纵向断裂强力为 35N/5cm,横向断裂强力为 20N/5cm;耐静水压大于 250mm 水柱； 透气性为 620 l / s. m2。
内层材料为鸭毛毛片和低熔点双组分聚丙烯 /聚乙烯的混合纤维制 成的吸油布：
重量比： 鸭毛毛片： 聚丙烯 /聚乙烯纤维 =70: 30
吸油布平均厚度： 40mm
吸油布平均面密度： 275g/m2 (从 150g/ m2→400g/ ra2 )
吸油速度（平均）： 〉180秒
吸油倍数（平均）： 21
在此片状吸油布的上、 下面各加入一层外层复合材料， 采用超声波 粘合形成复合结构吸附材料， 对所述复合结构吸附材料进行局部粘合以 及划片封边粘合， 再经切割成小片。 上述片状复合结构吸附材料在环境 水压低于 250毫米水柱时， 可以吸附空气、 油及有机溶剂， 不吸附水。
从该对比实施例中可以明显看出，毛片制备的吸油布的吸油速度明 显慢于羽丝制备的吸油布，同时吸油倍数也相差很大。
本领域技术人员应该认识到 , 上述的具体实施方式只是示例性的， 是为了更好的使本领域技术人员能够理解本专利， 不能理解为是对本专 利保护范围的限制， 只要是根据本专利所揭示精神的所作的任何等同变 更或修饰， 均落入本专利的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种有选择性的复合结构吸附材料， 其特征在于： 包括外层复合材料 以及内层材料。 所述外层复合材料为： 中间层为聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布、 两表面层为聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的三层复合材料； 所述内层材料为羽丝 或采用羽丝制成的吸油布， 所述外层复合材料为一端开口的袋状结构， 所述 内层材料填充进所述外层复合材料中后封口形成所述复合结构吸附材料。
2、 一种有选择性的复合结构吸附材料， 其特征在于： 包括外层复合材料 以及内层材料， 所述外层复合材料为： 中间层为聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布、 两表面层为聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的三层复合材料； 所述内层材料为羽丝 或采用羽丝制成的吸油布， 将所述外层复合材料以及所述内层材料按照外层 / 内层 /外层的顺序封边粘合形成片状复合结构吸附材料。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的有选择性的复合结构吸附材料， 其特征在 于： 所述聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布与所述聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布经点状局 部粘合形成纺粘-熔喷-纺粘结构， 所述聚丙烯树脂纺粘非织造布的面密度范 围为 7克 /米 2-150克 /米 2, 所述聚丙烯树脂熔喷非织造布的面密度范围为 10 克 /米 2- 200克 /米 2,纤维细度分布范围为 1- 10um ,主体细度分布范围为 1- 4um, 所述外层复合材料的面密度范围为 24克 /米 2-500克 /米 2。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的有选择性的复合结构吸附材料， 其特征在 于： 所述内层材料是指脱脂、 洗涤、 烘干处理后的鸭、 鹅、 鸡的毛片去除羽 轴后的羽丝， 或者所述羽丝与低熔点双组分聚丙烯 /聚乙烯纤维制成的吸油 布。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的有选择性的复合结构吸附材料， 其特征在 于： 所述吸油布是指：
( a )、 将羽丝与低熔点双组分聚丙烯 /聚乙烯纤维混合， 所述羽丝与所述 聚丙烯 /聚乙烯纤维的重量比为 70 ~ 85: 15 ~ 30;
( b )、 用气流成网机将步骤 a中混合的羽丝及纤维制作成纤维网； ( c )、 将所述纤维网在 125 °C ~ 165 °C条件下进行热粘合， 形成连续多孔 的吸油布。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的有选择性的复合结构吸附材料， 其特征在于， 还包括步骤（d ): 通过切割设备将复合结构吸附材料切割成块。
7、 根据权利要求 5 所述的有选择性的复合结构吸附材料， 其特征在于， 所述吸油布面密度范围在 50克 /米 2 ~ 1000克 /米 2。
8、 根据权利要求 1或 1所述的有选择性的复合结构吸附材料， 其特征在 于， 所述复合结构吸附材料的平均面密度范围为 75克 /米 2 ~ 1500克 /米 2, 可 耐静水压为 250mm ~ 300mm水柱。
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