CN101941862B - Nutrient solution with seawater for cultivating plants and method for cultivating plants by spraying - Google Patents

Nutrient solution with seawater for cultivating plants and method for cultivating plants by spraying Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101941862B
CN101941862B CN2009100575563A CN200910057556A CN101941862B CN 101941862 B CN101941862 B CN 101941862B CN 2009100575563 A CN2009100575563 A CN 2009100575563A CN 200910057556 A CN200910057556 A CN 200910057556A CN 101941862 B CN101941862 B CN 101941862B
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gram
grams
seawater
plant
nutritive medium
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CN101941862A (en
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李付忠
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Shanghai Fu people agriculture Polytron Technologies Inc
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SHANGHAI FUMIN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
PAN ZHAOMEI
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Abstract

The invention provides nutrient solution with seawater for cultivating plants and a method for cultivating the plants by spraying. The nutrient solution consists of four parts, namely A, B, C and D, wherein A comprises 360 to 550g of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, 160 to 240g of KNO3 and 65 to 95g of NH4NO3; B comprises 80 to 120g of KH2PO4, 135 to 200g of K2SO4 and 170 to 250g of MgSO4.7H2O; C comprises 22 to 33g of FeSO4.7H2O, 30 to 45g of EDTA-2Na, 2.3 to 3.4g of H3BO3, 1.7 to 2.5g of MnSO4.4H20, 0.18 to 0.26g of ZnSO4.7H2O and 0.07 to 0.09g of CuSO4.5H20; and D comprises 5,000 to 7,500g of seawater. The nutrient solution is prepared by mixing 1 to 1.5 times of A, 1 to 1.5 times of B and 1 to 1.5 times of C together to obtain a mixture, adding water into the mixture to reach the weight of 1 ton, and adding 1 to 3 times of D into the mixture. Vegetables cultivated by the nutrient solution have the characteristic that the nutrient content is higher that that of vegetables cultivated in common greenhouses.

Description

Domestication of plants seawater nutritive medium and plant spraying inoculation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to kind of plant spraying and cultivate seawater nutritive medium and plant nutrition liquid spraying inoculation method.
Background technology
Traditional agriculture is based on solar irradiation and soil matrix and the agricultural of the natural production mode of carrying out, and the output of product and quality product receive the restriction of cultivated area and natural environmental condition, are difficult to satisfy the requirement of people to the food quality and quantity.
The restriction of environment to agriculture prodn broken away from greenhouse production to a certain extent, and people can have various vegetables or fruit at any time.The greenhouse soilless culture technology is a kind of up-to-date planting type that research is adopted along with the hothouse production development.Soilless culture is divided into substrate culture and two big types of no substrate cultures substantially.Substrate culture, promptly crop root is fixed in the matrix, and plant is through the matrix absorption nutritive medium, and main planting type marsupial training, rock wool are trained and NFT.Be not commonly referred to as water planting and there is substrate culture, promptly root system directly contacts with nutritive medium.
Plant factor is a kind of highly-specialised, the modern industrialized agriculture of development after greenhouse production.It and hothouse production difference be, is completely free of the restriction of natural condition and weather under the working condition of land for growing field crops, uses the advanced technology resource in modern age, fully by manual control environment's condition, and annual stable market supply agricultural-food.At present, the plant factor of high benefit has realized batch production production vegetables, edible mushrooms and famous flower and tree etc. in some developed country's development rapidly.One of main characteristics of plant factor are nutriculture; Method like Japanese nutrient fluid cultivation has many kinds; Like NFT, the training of profound liquid, spraying training, solid substrate training (comprising rock wool training, gravel training, sand culture etc.); Be main wherein, and the rock wool training account for nearly 50% of nutrient fluid cultivation area especially with rock wool training and NFT.Typical nutrient solution culturing device has following several kinds of forms: 1. three ability of swimming NFT devices---the cultivation bed is processed with foam, and certain gradient (1/80-1/100) is arranged, and the bottom nutritive medium is film like and slowly flows, and can supply fertilizer automatically, also is provided with sterilizing unit; 2. concord---use moulding plastics cultivation bed is divided into some unit, is applicable to the fruit and vegetable cultivation; 3. the M formula---the moulding product that cultivation bed is made with " U " type foam is formed by connecting, and the field planting plate is also made with foam, and shop, the inside polyvinylidene film is suitable for particularly Stem and leaf of Japanese Cryptotaenia Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk. cultivation of leaf vegetables; 4. new for formula equivalent switch---its principal character is the cultivation bed separated into two parts, the equivalent of carrying out nutritive medium each other exchanges, with the competent oxygen of supply root system (2., 3., 4. all belonging to profound liquid culture apparatus); 5. really and formula---this is a kind of circulating rock wool culture apparatus; Central authorities fix a drainpipe at cultivation bed; The granular rock wool pad of lay, mineral wool block and typing irrigation pipe successively adopt the drip irrigation mode from top to bottom, and unnecessary nutritive medium flows back to water leg through water shoot and supplies to recycle.Adopt moved culture apparatus more in the plant factor, mainly contains three kinds of plane formula, three-dimensional and tiltings, through rational close planting, improved effective cultivated area.
The nutritive medium that research and development are suitable for is the important topic of plant factor.Different nutritive mediums is applicable to different plants, through the composition of adjustment nutritive medium, can have the vegetables of specific nutrition composition according to people's requirement production.
Delivered now countless nutrient solution prescriptions in the world, widely used prescription as:
Hoagland prescription: Ca (NO3) 4.H2O 945mg/l, KNO3 607mg/l, NH4H2PO4 115mg/l, MgSO4.H2O 493mg/l;
Japan's garden examination prescription: Ca (NO3) 2.H2O 945mg/l, KNO3 809mg/l, NH4H2PO4 153mg/l, MgSO4.7H2O 493mg/l;
Widely used prescription also has the rugged series prescription in the mountain of Japan etc.
These nutritive mediums are used for substrate culture or water planting vegetables, have satisfied the needs of plant-growth, use these nutritive mediums, have planted out the organic vegetable suitable with the vegetable nutrient composition of common greenhouse gardening.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of domestication of plants seawater nutritive medium, be used for plant spraying and cultivate and plant, the vegetables with this plant nutrient solution have the advantages that nutrition content is higher than the vegetables of common greenhouse gardening.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of domestication of plants seawater nutritive medium, to form by four parts, and the composition of each several part is following:
A:Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O 360-550 gram
KNO 3The 160-240 gram
NH 4NO 3The 65-95 gram
B:KH 2PO 4The 80-120 gram
K 2SO 4The 135-200 gram
MgSO 47H 2O 170-250 gram
C:FeSO 47H 2O 22-33 gram
EDTA-2Na 30-45 gram
H 3BO 32.3-3.4 gram
MnSO 44H 2O 1.7-2.5 gram
ZnSO 47H 2O 0.18-0.26 gram
CuSO 45H 2O 0.07-0.09 gram
D: seawater 5000-7500 gram
Three kinds of compounds in the A component are dissolved in respectively in the suitable quantity of water fully, form transparent liquid;
Three kinds of compounds in the B component are dissolved in respectively in the suitable quantity of water fully, form transparent liquid;
FeSO47H2O in the C component and EDTA-2Na are added suitable quantity of water respectively it is dissolved fully, and admixed together, all the other materials are dissolved in respectively in the suitable quantity of water fully, form transparent liquid;
With 1-1.5 times of A, 1-1.5 times B, 1-1.5 times C is admixed together adds water to 1 ton; Add 1-3 times of D again.
Preferably, the composition of each several part is following:
A:Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O 400-500 gram
KNO 3The 180-220 gram
NH 4NO 3The 75-85 gram
B:KH 2PO 4The 90-110 gram
K 2SO 4The 150-185 gram
MgSO 47H 2O 190-230 gram
C:FeSO 47H 2O 25-31 gram
EDTA-2Na 33-42 gram
H 3BO 32.5-3.2 gram
MnSO 44H 2O 1.9-2.3 gram
ZnSO 47H 2O 0.20-0.24 gram
CuSO 45H 2O 0.07-0.09 gram
D: seawater 5500-7000 gram
Preferably, each several part is formed as follows:
A:Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O 430-480 gram
KNO 3The 190-210 gram
NH 4NO 3The 78-83 gram
B:KH 2PO 4The 95-105 gram
K 2SO 4The 160-175 gram
MgSO 47H 2O 200-220 gram
C:FeSO 47H 2O 27-29 gram
EDTA-2Na 35-39 gram
H 3BO 32.7-3.0 gram
MnSO 44H 2O 2.0-2.2 gram
ZnSO 47H 2O 0.21-0.23 gram
CuSO 45H 2O 0.07-0.09 gram
D: seawater 6000-6500 gram
Further, preferred each several part is formed as follows:
A:Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O 456 grams
KNO 3200 grams
NH 4NO 380 grams
B:KH 2PO 4100 grams
K 2SO 4169 grams
MgSO 47H 2O 212 grams
C:FeSO 47H 2O 27.9 grams
EDTA-2Na 37.2 grams
H 3BO 32.86 gram
MnSO 44H 2O 2.13 grams
ZnSO 47H 2O 0.22 gram
CuSO 45H 2O 0.08 gram
D: seawater 6250 grams
The present invention also provides kind of plant spraying inoculation method, and this method is used nutritive medium of the present invention, with the vaporific root system that is sprayed on plant.
Preferably, at the initial stage of plant-growth, according to the B of the A of one times of amount of each ton water dissolution, one times of amount, the C of one times of amount, and the ratio of adding the D of the amount of doubling is made into nutritive medium, with the vaporific root system that is sprayed on plant; Prosperous long-term in plant-growth is increased to 1.3-1.5 doubly with the consumption of A, B, C; In the harvesting time of plant-growth, the consumption of D is increased to 2-3 doubly.
Nutritive medium of the present invention has following characteristics:
1, nutritive medium contains the whole nutritive elements of necessary for plant growth (except that C, H, O all the other 13 kinds: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cl).
2, the compound that contains various nutritive elements is the state that root can absorb, and the compound that is ionic condition that promptly can be water-soluble mainly is an inorganic salts, and organic chelate iron.
3, the quantitative proportion of each nutritive element meets the requirement of growth and development of plants, equilibrium in the nutritive medium.Total salt concentration that the inorganic salts of each nutritive element constitutes in the nutritive medium and acid-base reaction thereof are fit to the plant-growth requirement.
4, form all cpds of nutritive medium, in the process of cultivated plant, keep its significant condition in a long time.Form all cpds overall of nutritive medium, the physiology acid-base reaction that in by the root absorption process, causes is more stably.
Nutritive medium of the present invention is specially adapted to the cultivation of leaf vegetables, also can be used for the cultivation of other types vegetables.
Usefulness of the present invention is: with the vegetables that nutritive medium of the present invention is cultivated through spraying, have the close nutritive substance of vegetables of cultivating with seawater; Can use the seed of the vegetables of common greenhouse gardening, and cultivate, need to select specific plant variety, also will carry out various processing, such as the processing of seawater tolerance etc. seed unlike pure seawater.
In addition, use nutritive medium of the present invention in plant factor, to carry out the aerosol cultivation, can shorten the plant-growth cycle significantly, increase substantially the product production of unit surface.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional drawing of the planting unit that uses of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the sectional drawing of the planting unit that uses of the present invention.This device is overlapped in the upper end by two blocks of stereo planting plates 1, and the lower end places in the backflash 6, and closed at both ends forms a horizontal triangular prism shaped airtight space.A plurality of implantation hole are arranged on the Planting board 1, the attachment that is made up of sponge or other water-absorbing materials is arranged in the implantation hole, make seed attached in this hole; A cover nutritive medium aerosol plenum system is equipped with in the enclosed space, this system comprise high-pressure water pipe 5 and with a plurality of shower nozzles 4 of cross current, high-pressure water pipe 5 can be attached on the support 3, but or constancy ground be suspended in the air.Nutritive medium is through the form ejection of shower nozzle 4 with aerosol state, and when nutritive medium arrived shower nozzle usually, its pressure was 1 kilogram to 2 kilograms, preferably at 1.8 kilograms.
Originally; When nutritive medium through high-pressure hydraulic pump through shower nozzle 4 when spray with aerosol state, nutritive medium is the moist seed of infiltrate attachment the plant seedlings of implantation hole (or after growing seedlings, be transplanted to), when seed germination after the inside of stereo planting plate 1 grows root 2; Nutritive medium just can inject directly on the root 2; For plant provides nutrition, when plant grows up gradually, root 2 more and more can be burst attachment after the prosperity; And it is dropped on the ground, adopt this kind nutritive medium supply mode can really realize aerial root.Nutritive medium is sprayed with aerosol state; To fill the air the entire inner space that forms in two stereo planting plates 1; Promptly can fill the air the residing space of whole root system, let plant can obtain mineral nutrition, can from air, absorb more oxygen again in plant; So root growth is flourishing especially, plant strain growth speed is 3 to 5 times of water planting plant and the land speed of growth of accompanying plant.
Because the nutritive medium of ejection in stereo planting plate 1, only some is absorbed by root 2, and another part can or directly fall to the ground via root 2 drippages, in order to cut the waste, the backflash 6 of inclination is set on the bottom surface of this device, and nutritive medium is recycled.
With the plantation romaine lettuce is example, further specifies embodiment of the present invention.
The plant spraying that present embodiment adopts is cultivated the seawater nutritive medium and is formed as follows:
A:Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O 456 grams
KNO 3200 grams
NH 4NO 380 grams
B:KH 2PO 4100 grams
K 2SO 4169 grams
MgSO 47H 2O 212 grams
C:FeSO 47H 2O 27.9 grams
EDTA-2Na 37.2 grams
H 3BO 32.86 gram
MnSO 44H 2O 2.13 grams
ZnSO 47H 2O 0.22 gram
CuSO 45H 2O 0.08 gram
D: seawater 6250 grams
Three kinds of compounds in the A component are dissolved in respectively in the suitable quantity of water fully, form transparent liquid;
Three kinds of compounds in the B component are dissolved in respectively in the suitable quantity of water fully, form transparent liquid;
FeSO47H2O in the C component and EDTA-2Na are added suitable quantity of water respectively it is dissolved fully, and admixed together, all the other materials are dissolved in respectively in the suitable quantity of water fully, form transparent liquid;
Will be in the implantation hole of the device shown in the accompanying drawing 1 through the romaine lettuce transplantation of seedlings of growing seedlings in 3 days; At 1-10 days A of romaine lettuce early growth period, the B of one times of amount, the C of one times of amount according to one times of amount of each ton water dissolution; And the ratio of adding the D of the amount of doubling is made into nutritive medium, and nutritive medium is with the vaporific root system that is sprayed on plant; Spraying can be adopted the intermittent type spraying, and spray in every separated 5-60 minute once was no more than for 30 seconds at every turn.Concrete pitch time, can adjust according to developmental state of the kind of plant, outside atmosphere, root system of plant etc. in good time.Prosperous long-term 11-20 days in plant-growth is increased to 1.3-1.5 doubly (present embodiment is 1.5 times) with the consumption of A, B, C, and the consumption of seawater is constant; In the 21-28 days harvesting time of plant-growth, seawater is increased to 2-3 doubly (2.5 times of present embodiments), and the consumption of A, B, C is with prosperous long-term, with the vaporific root system that is sprayed on plant.Every Planting board has 108 of implantation hole, and two Planting boards have 216 of implantation hole, 216 strains of 30 days results romaine lettuce; Gross weight 25; 920 grams, average every strain have reached 120 grams. and carotene carotene content reaches 20,600 milligrams in the per 100 gram romaine lettuce of check; Calcium contents reaches 110 milligrams, and trace element manganese, zinc content reach 0.5 and 0.8 milligram respectively.
In order to check the mouthfeel of the vegetables of cultivating with nutritive medium of the present invention; 20 ages of contriver's picked at random, the experiencer in 23-65 year tasted experience; The experience mode is divided into two kinds; A kind of is directly to eat something rare romaine lettuce of the present invention and common greenhouse at the terraneous romaine lettuce of soil, and the total experience person thinks that romaine lettuce mouthfeel of the present invention has slight saline taste; Another kind of mode is to make soup to compare test,
Test Example: boil in water for a while, then dress with soy, vinegar, etc. pot with a little peanut oil, get romaine lettuce of the present invention and process soup, do not add any food flavouring in the soup in the ratio that per 100 grams add the water of water 500 grams;
Comparative Examples: get the romaine lettuce of common greenhouse production, the same Test Example of other condition lets the experiencer taste respectively, and wherein two experiencers of 65 years old think that taste is as broad as long, and other experiencers think that the soup taste of Test Example is more delicious.

Claims (6)

1. a domestication of plants seawater nutritive medium is characterized in that being made up of four parts, and the composition of each several part is following:
A:Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O 360-550 gram
KNO 3The 160-240 gram
NH 4NO 3The 65-95 gram
B:KH 2PO 4The 80-120 gram
K 2SO 4The 135-200 gram
MgSO 47H 2O 170-250 gram
C:FeSO 47H 2O 22-33 gram
EDTA-2Na 30-45 gram
H 3BO 32.3-3.4 gram
MnSO 44H 2O 1.7-2.5 gram
ZnSO 47H 2O 0.18-0.26 gram
CuSO 45H 2O 0.07-0.09 gram
D: seawater 5000-7500 gram
Three kinds of compounds in the A component are dissolved in respectively in the suitable quantity of water fully, form transparent liquid;
Three kinds of compounds in the B component are dissolved in respectively in the suitable quantity of water fully, form transparent liquid;
With the FeSO in the C component 47H 2O and EDTA-2Na add suitable quantity of water respectively dissolves it fully, and admixed together, and all the other materials are dissolved in respectively in the suitable quantity of water fully, forms transparent liquid;
With 1-1.5 times of A, 1-1.5 times B, 1-1.5 times C is admixed together adds water to 1 ton; Add 1-3 times of D again.
2. domestication of plants seawater nutritive medium according to claim 1 is characterized in that the composition of each several part is following:
A:Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O 400-500 gram
KNO 3The 180-220 gram
NH 4NO 3The 75-85 gram
B:KH 2PO 4The 90-110 gram
K 2SO 4The 150-185 gram
MgSO 47H 2O 190-230 gram
C:FeSO 47H 2O 25-31 gram
EDTA-2Na 33-42 gram
H 3BO 32.5-3.2 gram
MnSO 44H 2O 1.9-2.3 gram
ZnSO 47H 2O 0.20-0.24 gram
CuSO 45H 2O 0.07-0.09 gram
D: seawater 5500-7000 gram
3. domestication of plants seawater nutritive medium according to claim 2 is characterized in that the composition of each several part is following:
A:Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O 430-480 gram
KNO 3The 190-210 gram
NH 4NO 3The 78-83 gram
B:KH 2PO 4The 95-105 gram
K 2SO 4The 160-175 gram
MgSO 47H 2O 200-220 gram
C:FeSO 47H 2O 27-29 gram
EDTA-2Na 35-39 gram
H 3BO 32.7-3.0 gram
MnSO 44H 2O 2.0-2.2 gram
ZnSO 47H 2O 0.21-0.23 gram
CuSO 45H 2O 0.07-0.09 gram
D: seawater 6000-6500 gram
4. domestication of plants seawater nutritive medium according to claim 3 is characterized in that the composition of each several part is following:
A:Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O 456 grams
KNO 3200 grams
NH 4NO 380 grams
B:KH 2PO 4100 grams
K 2SO 4169 grams
MgSO 47H 2O 212 grams
C:FeSO 47H 2O 27.9 grams
EDTA-2Na 37.2 grams
H 3BO 32.86 gram
MnSO 44H 2O 2.13 grams
ZnSO 47H 2O 0.22 gram
CuSO 45H 2O 0.08 gram
D: seawater 6250 grams
5. kind of plant spraying inoculation method is characterized in that using any described nutritive medium among the claim 1-4, with the vaporific root system that is sprayed on plant.
6. plant according to claim 5 spraying inoculation method is characterized in that the initial stage in plant-growth, and according to the B of the A of one times of amount of each ton water dissolution, one times of amount, the C of one times of amount, and the ratio of adding the D of the amount of doubling is made into nutritive medium; Prosperous long-term in plant-growth is increased to 1.3-1.5 doubly with the consumption of A, B, C, and the consumption of D is constant; In the harvesting time of plant-growth, the consumption of D is increased to 2-3 doubly, and the consumption of A, B, C is with prosperous long-term.
CN2009100575563A 2009-07-06 2009-07-06 Nutrient solution with seawater for cultivating plants and method for cultivating plants by spraying Expired - Fee Related CN101941862B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN101941862B true CN101941862B (en) 2012-11-14

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Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103598073A (en) * 2013-11-25 2014-02-26 苏州维登农业有限公司 Method for soilless eggplant cultivation and planting in greenhouse
CN104803776B (en) * 2015-04-21 2018-06-22 江苏省农业科学院 A kind of nutrient solution and its application process for being suitable for cultivating huge pumpkin
CN107573125A (en) * 2017-10-09 2018-01-12 北京群贤邦农业科技开发有限公司 A kind of tea tree liquid nutritional element and its preparation and application applied to Tea planting
CN109287230A (en) * 2018-11-14 2019-02-01 上海摩天农业科技有限公司 Nutrient solution, nutrient solution raw materials composition and its application
CN112341276A (en) * 2020-11-14 2021-02-09 爱姆海洋生物科技(烟台)有限公司 Special nutrient solution for soilless culture of seawater vegetables and preparation method thereof
CN113200804A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-08-03 海南瑞民农业科技有限公司 Nutrient solution produced by seawater plant cultivation

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