Background technology
Chrysanthemum (Dendranthemamorifolium) composite family Chrysanthemum cultivation of plants kind is the famous and precious ornamental flower of cultivating through long-term artificial selection.Per nnial herb, the common 30-90cm of plant height.Stem look light green or brown, the base portion semi-lignified.Single leaf alternate, the ovum circle is to Long Circle, and the edge is incised and sawtooth.Chrysanthemum flower medicine, tea are dual-purpose, in Zhejiang, all there is plantation on ground such as Anhui, Henan, Sichuan.For example the Mount Huang tribute chrysanthemum of the Flos Chrysanthemi of Tongxiang, Zhejiang and underfooting, Mount Huang is famous chrysanthemum for tea use.The river chrysanthemum of the Chu chrysanthemum of Chuzhou, Anhui, the Bo chrysanthemum of Bozhou, Sichuan Zhong Jiang, the moral chrysanthemum in Deqing, Zhejiang, the bosom chrysanthemum of Jiyuan, Henan all have very high drug effect, are famous medicine chrysanthemum.Wherein the Chuzhou, Anhui is the most famous, is called as first of the four big medicine chrysanthemums, is listed in tribute in the period of the letter out thread, so claim " Chu tribute chrysanthemum " again.
The Chu chrysanthemum belongs to medicine chrysanthemum good merchantable brand, have the good reputation of " golden heart adolph stonecrop, emerald green base of a fruit sky perfume (or spice) ".Long, best in quality because of cultivation history, the whole nation that is renown far and wide, " Tu Te " product that is regarded as having Chuzhou, Anhui local characteristic for a long time.
The Chu chrysanthemum is important Chinese medicinal materials, and its flavor is sweet, and cold nature can be clearing heat and detoxicating, relax the muscles and stimulate the blood circulation, protect liver and make eye bright, and strengthens immune function of human body.Because of the unique good medicinal efficacy of Chu chrysanthemum, always generally acknowledged and ranked first of China " four big medicine chrysanthemums ", one of Anhui Province's four big famous famous-region drug.Write during the medicinal efficacy of " modern practical Chinese medicine " book review valency chrysanthemum " the product person is the most refrigerant for the Chuzhou, Anhui, and is not bitter sweetless, in the feverfew as the best ".
The Chu chrysanthemum is used as medicine and has wind-dispelling heat-dissipating, the effect of the flat liver detoxifcation that makes eye bright, and dizzy to having a headache, hypertension, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, nervous headache etc. have good therapeutic action.
Because the medicinal efficacy and special soil, weather, the envrionment conditions of Chu chrysanthemum planting area of Chu chrysanthemum uniqueness, 2005, the Chu chrysanthemum was the national geography famous special product by official confirmation.
The nourishing function of Chu chrysanthemum causes people's attention in recent years again, and consumption climbs up and up, and the domestic market high-quality Chu chrysanthemum situation that supply falls short of demand occurred.Significantly increasing the output of high-quality Chu chrysanthemum, alleviate imbalance between supply and demand, ensure the market effective supply, satisfy people's health demand, is " task of top priority " that the Chu chrysanthemum produces.
Existing Chu chrysanthemum cultivation technique chrysanthemum florescence is short, flower yields poorly, and can't satisfy people's needs far away.In the existing fertilizer variety, not can not make chrysanthemum florescence length, flower output height, fertilizer special for medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum that pharmaceutical use is high according to the design of chrysanthemum growth rhythm.Chinese patent 200610018986 discloses a kind of special fertilizer for making chrysanthemum flower, and this fertilizer is made up of the base manure and the two portions that topdress.But consult domestic and international public publication, patent searching document, fertilizer special for medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum all do not have report.
Therefore invent a kind ofly prolong chrysanthemum florescence, improve flower output, fertilizer special for medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum that pharmaceutical use is high and preparation method thereof is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provide a kind ofly promote chrysanthemum growth, prolong chrysanthemum florescence, improve flower output, fertilizer special for medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum that pharmaceutical use is high.
Another object of the present invention provides the production method of this fertilizer.
The present invention seeks to realize like this:
A kind of fertilizer special for medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum, contain the following weight ratio composition:
Organic 25-35; Nitrogen 7-10;
Phosphorus 7-10; Potassium 4-6;
Zinc 0.5-1; Boron 0.5-1;
Control-released agent 25-30.
Control-released agent is exsiccant attapulgite, Feldspar Powder, bentonitic a kind of or both mixture, fineness 120-200 order.
The preparation method of fertilizer special for medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum, step is as follows:
(1) composting organic fertilizer: get rice husk, comminuted plants tangerine bar, the mixing of monosodium glutamate waste residue, composting, the heap, air-dry that looses becomes thoroughly decomposed;
(2) get attapulgite, Feldspar Powder, wilkinite, daylight dries, and is crushed to 120-200 order fine powder;
(3) get nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium material fertilizer, zinc, boron trace element fertilizer, sneak in step (1), (2) product in proportion, stir;
(4) step (3) product is inserted granulation in the rotary drum granulator, make fertilizer special for medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum.
The present invention at first contains amino acid whose waste liquid slag with the agricultural crop straw pulverized, rice chaff etc. with Gourmet Powder Factory and mixes mutually, by the method composting fertilizer of prior art.The fertilizer of composting reaches following standard: organic 60%-70% butt, water content be less than 20%, content 5%-10%, phosphorus content P
2O
50.5%-2%, potassium content K
2O 2%-3%, aminoacids content is greater than 3%.Add control-released agent attapulgite, Feldspar Powder, wilkinite then in the fertilizer of composting, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium material fertilizer, mix at zinc, boron trace element fertilizer, send into granulation in the rotary drum granulator at last.
Effective constituent comprises organic molecule nutritive ingredients such as micronutrient element such as macronutrient such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, boron and amino acid in the special-purpose fertilizer of medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum of the present invention.
Fertilizer of the present invention effectively utilizes the organic waste of industrial and agricultural production as the produced new fertilizer variety of raw material, contains the nutrient of a large amount of organic matters and medicinal chrysanthemum growth needs, this special use fertile suitable the be used for medicinal purpose base manure of Chu chrysanthemum and the use of topdressing.
Fertilizer of the present invention can improve Chu chrysanthemum output, reduces Chu chrysanthemum production cost, increase chrysanthemum farming income, helps to accelerate the adjustment of the structure of agricultural production, and therefore chrysanthemum farming, Chu chrysanthemum processing enterprise, human consumer will be benefited.
1, the nutrient demand of medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum:
Concerning nutrient demand, nitrogen is the nutritive ingredient that soil lacks most with respect to plant growth, and correspondingly, nitrogenous fertilizer also is one of fertilizer type of amount of application maximum.Chrysanthemum nitrogen nutrition abundance, then blade is pale yellowish green generous, photosynthetic usefulness height, the carbohydrate of manufacturing is also many, therefore, and the plant strain growth stalwartness, branch is many, shaping is fast.Branch in the chrysanthemum growth cycle, Zhan Ye, bud differentiation, bloom etc. all needs a large amount of nitrogen nutrition." organ is built the phase " in chrysanthemum growth early stage is the critical period of nutrition of chrysanthemum, and this phase nitrogen stress can have a strong impact on branch and form and leaf growth, cause spend less, spend little.After the extraction of chrysanthemum branch, mounted blade, bud differentiation were finished, leaf photosynthesis usefulness began to raise, and made a large amount of carbohydrate to enrich each organoid, and this moment, the chrysanthemum metabolism was the center with " carbon metabolism ", and this phase should reduce the amount of application of nitrogen manure.Execute phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, in order to organizing the raising of enriching with the chrysanthemum quality more.Therefore Hua Qianfei can promote the branch branch growth based on nitrogen phosphorus, enlarges leaf area, improves photosynthetic usefulness, helps carbohydrate and proteinic formation, promotes nutrient accumulation.
Absorb a certain amount of micronutrient element in the medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum process of growth, wherein comparatively responsive to zinc, two kinds of elements of boron.When the Chu chrysanthemum lacked zinc, germinateed later spring, and leaf is little, spends for a short time, and output is very low.During Chu chrysanthemum boron deficiency, the top tip is prone to irregular gangrene, the blade yellow, even the top top drying is withered.Little fertile use generally will be used to combine and be carried out with base manure, and notices that consumption can not be too much, and does not need to use year after year, in order to avoid cause fertilizer damage even cause soil pollution to pollute.
2, the nutrition absorption of medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum is dynamic:
The scientific and reasonable key of fertilizing time is to catch the fertile critical period of several need in the Chu chrysanthemum growth and development process.The fertilising of Chu chrysanthemum is divided into base manure and topdresses.Base manure is generally used the high-quality fertilizer, throughout the year the various nutritive elements of equilibrium supply Chu chrysanthemum.Base manure best incorporated soil is ploughed deeply and is applied, and accomplishes " clay fertilizer melts mutually " by suitable rake, harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil, can bring into play the effect that organic fertilizer not only provided nutrient but also culture fertility preferably.Base manure is used proper, and then chrysanthemum is transplanted the regeneration of healing easily of root that the back cuts off, and new root root of hair is many, fast growth, and the white that is taken place absorbs root can absorb a large amount of nutrition, is beneficial to the recovery chrysanthemum and grows and the deposit that has additional nutrients.The needs science that should be mainly bloom according to phenological period and chrysanthemum growth the period of topdressing is determined, topdresses to divide and carries out for 4 times.The one, after pinching for the first time, can replenish the deficiency of soil nutrient supply, improve the branch rate, promote shoot growth; The 2nd, topdress after pinching for the second time.Can promote shoot growth and bud differentiation, applied nitrogen in right amount is based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer fertilizer.The 3rd, flower bud differentiation period topdresses, and based on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, can promote bud differentiation, improve flower quantity.The 4th, topdress flowering period.Mainly be the root outer spraying potassium primary phosphate, improve the transportation of plant light and efficient, promotion assimilation product, form Da Hua, high-quality flower, and improve the chrysanthemum active constituent content to floral organ.
3, the technical study of medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum fertilising:
For the growth of Chu chrysanthemum, optimal nutrient supply is the nutrient requirement feature according to different growing stages, and timely and appropriate discovery also adopts the appropriate means applying fertilizer.Existing main aspect the research of fertilizer requirement about the research of chrysanthemum fertilizer practice, and rare about the research report of chrysanthemum stage nutritional characteristic, the fertilizer ratio of each link of applying fertilizer mainly determines according to experience.Every production 100kg is dry, and the chrysanthemum head inflorescence needs N, P approximately
2O
5, K
2O is respectively 8.7kg, 1.17kg, 9.7kg.
Because the farming of most of chrysanthemums lacks the scientific management knowledge, particularly on links such as fertilizing time, fertilization type, fertilising consumption, hold inaccurate, cause chrysanthemum yield poorly, of poor quality; Especially along with the continuous increase of labor cost, repeatedly fertilising can increase production cost undoubtedly.The excessive chemical nitrogen fertilizer of using also may cause environmental pollution.Therefore, invention and production medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum are special-purpose fertile significant.
Organic matter has the vital role of improving soil physico-chemical property.China medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum main producing region, many places are in the hills, the hillside fields, mountain area that lack irrigation conditions, and soil property is barren, and Soil structure is bad, is unfavorable for growing of Chu chrysanthemum tree.Therefore applying organic manure improves soil organic matter content, and the structure of can improving the soil is coordinated water, fertilizer, gas, heat in the soil, creates good edatope.
The main effect of nitrogen is to strengthen nourishing and growing, and improves photosynthesis, promotes the assimilation and the proteinic formation of nitrogen.It is weak to grow when nitrogen is not enough, and leaf is little and thin, and look shallow, and fallen flowers are serious, and flower is little.Growth may stop during serious nitrogen stress, and blade is caducous; The prosperous length of branches and leaves when nitrogen is too much, bud differentiation is bad, and is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe ripe late, yields poorly, poor quality.
Phosphorus is to form nucleus and plasmic main component.It is ripe to have the tissue of impelling, and improves the cold-resistant drought-resistant ability of plant body, impels to produce new root, helps bud and forms and improve the flower quality.Phosphorus is plain when lacking, young sprout and radicula impaired development, and leaf, bud differentiation are bad, cold-resistant, drought resisting, disease-resistant performance weaken.
The main effect of potassium has the nutrient of impelling to transport, and glucide transforms, and tissue is ripe, diameter increment and raising anti-adversity etc.During potassium deficiency, various metabolism are suppressed, poor growth, and resistance weakens, and during severe potassium deficiency, lower blade is rolled up on the edge, withered spot occurs.
Boron is many-sided in the intravital effect of tree, it and cell fission, and the transhipment of the formation of tartaric acid and glucide is relevant in the cell.Boron is bloomed to medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum good promoter action.Boron can improve VITAMIN and sugared content in the flower, improves quality, and boron also has the promotion root system development, strengthens the effect of resistance against diseases.Root during boron deficiency, stem vegetative point are withered, blade variable color or deformity, and petiole, vein matter are crisp easily broken, and root growth dies down, and bud differentiation is bad.
Zinc is indispensable nutritive element in the medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum vital movement.Zinc is relevant with the formation of chlorophyll and growth hormone, when lacking zinc, directly influences the formation of growth hormone, and zinc is more at eugonic young sprout, spire position content.Young sprout is thin and delicate when lacking zinc, the internode cripetura, and leaf is small and dense, the leaf chlorosis flavescence.
The special-purpose fertilizer of the present invention is determined various nutrient proportionings according to medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum dietetic alimentation feature, and nutrient element can the balance supply, and plant recovery of nutrient improves greatly, and is remarkable to promoter action, the synergistic effect of medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum growth.
The present invention is according to fertilizer effect test for many years and soil testing result, and the supply ratio of measuring medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum protection of place of origin ecological region planting npk nutrient is 2: 2: 1.Medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum is comparatively responsive to zinc and two kinds of trace elements of boron, when making special-purpose fertilizer, adds an amount of zinc and two kinds of nutritive ingredients of boron in additive.Determined special fertilizer formula in view of the above, the proportioning of various compositions is calculated according to the mass fraction in the prescription.
Fertilizer 350-450
Vitriolate of tartar 80-120
Monoammonium phosphate 80-120
Urea 150-170
Controlled-release of additives 250-300
In the prescription controlled-release of additives with attapulgite, Feldspar Powder, wilkinite drying, to pulverize the back formulated, main effect is that control nutrition slowly discharges, and prolongs the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer.The soil of this area can be selected according to regional soil characteristic in various places, and dry, pulverizing is used.And being added with trace elements such as an amount of zinc, boron, this additive has good controlled-release function to nitrogen.
Creativeness of the present invention is: first according to the nutritional needs of medicinal chrysanthemum, invented the fertilizer for medicinal chrysanthemums material in the world.Fertilizer of the present invention both can have been made base manure and use when the chrysanthemum cuttage, also can do the use of topdressing.
Effect of the present invention is remarkable, uses fertilizer of the present invention, and medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum on average increases production 15%; Flavones content in the Chu chrysanthemum improves 32%~61%, the pharmaceutical use height.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, owing to the adsorption of organic decomposition and attapulgite etc., nitrogen nutrition has certain controlled-release effect, thereby can effectively reduce the number of times that topdresses, and the utilization ratio of nitrogen significantly improves.
2, organic composition can significantly improve soil physical in this special-purpose fertilizer, on the basis of fertilizing soil, promotes chrysanthemum plant strain growth stalwartness, promotes bud differentiation, reduces fallen flowers, thereby improves medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum output.Compare with habits fertilization, use this special-purpose fertile Chu chrysanthemum and on average increase production 15%.
3, contain amino acid more than 1% in this special-purpose fertilizer, in being manured into soil, ecotope that not only can activating soil, and can directly being absorbed by Chu chrysanthemum root system has significant promotion and regulatory function to the growth of medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum.
4, significantly promote the quality of medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum, flavones content reaches 5.1%, and higher by 32%~61% than traditional cultivation mode, color and luster is attractive in appearance, the pharmaceutical use height.
5, use fertilizer of the present invention, the generation of medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum disease and pest, the degree that causes harm are low, reduce control number of times and agricultural chemicals usage quantity, reduce the malicious secondary residual quantity of chemical prevention; Saving of labor, saving cost.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below by embodiment, but the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
1, with 5000 kilograms of agricultural crop straws, 2000 kilograms of the rice chaff pulverized, 3000 kilograms of residue of monosodium glutamate mix, and by the method composting fertilizer of prior art, the heap, air-dry that looses becomes thoroughly decomposed.The fertilizer of composting reaches following standard: organic 60% butt, water content 15%, content 6%, phosphorus content P
2O
50.5%, potassium content K
2O 2%, and aminoacids content is greater than 3%.
2, get in the good fertilizer of composting 360 kilograms, add 260 kilograms of control-released agent attapulgites, 100 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar, 160 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 110 kilograms in urea, 6 kilograms of six water zinc sulphates, 4 kilograms of boraxs.
3, with the above-mentioned raw material thorough mixing for preparing, stir, send into granulation in the rotary drum granulator, make fertilizer special for medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum.
Embodiment 2:
1, with 4000 kilograms of agricultural crop straws, 4000 kilograms of the rice chaff pulverized, 2000 kilograms of residue of monosodium glutamate mix, and by the method composting fertilizer of prior art, the heap, air-dry that looses becomes thoroughly decomposed.The fertilizer of composting reaches following standard: organic 60% butt, water content 15%, content 6%, phosphorus content P
2O
50.5%, potassium content K
2O 2%, and aminoacids content is greater than 3%.
2, get in the good fertilizer of composting 400 kilograms, add 150 kilograms of control-released agent attapulgites, 100 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar, 160 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 70 kilograms in urea, 6 kilograms of six water zinc sulphates, 4 kilograms of boraxs.
3, with the above-mentioned raw material thorough mixing for preparing, stir, send into granulation in the rotary drum granulator, make fertilizer special for medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum.
Above-mentioned two embodiment respectively produce 1000 kilograms of finished product fertilizer special for medicinal Chuzhou chrysanthemum, and nutrient is 7-8-5, and organic and amino acid whose content is respectively more than 20% and 1%, and sulfur acid zinc 100mg, borax 20mg.
The foregoing description only is a preference of the present invention, is not used for limiting the present invention, and all within principle of the present invention, any modifications and variations of being done are all within protection scope of the present invention.