CN101909943A - 面板能量吸收器、保险杠系统和方法 - Google Patents

面板能量吸收器、保险杠系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101909943A
CN101909943A CN2008801235914A CN200880123591A CN101909943A CN 101909943 A CN101909943 A CN 101909943A CN 2008801235914 A CN2008801235914 A CN 2008801235914A CN 200880123591 A CN200880123591 A CN 200880123591A CN 101909943 A CN101909943 A CN 101909943A
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China
Prior art keywords
crumple
energy absorber
external member
panel energy
polymer sheet
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CN2008801235914A
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English (en)
Inventor
布赖恩·J·佐佩克
埃里克·J·贾达
埃里克·D·卡瓦尔
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SABIC Global Technologies BV
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SABIC Innovative Plastics IP BV
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Publication of CN101909943A publication Critical patent/CN101909943A/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/10Forming by pressure difference, e.g. vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/14Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/266Auxiliary operations after the thermoforming operation
    • B29C51/267Two sheets being thermoformed in separate mould parts and joined together while still in the mould
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/022Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for
    • B29C65/028Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for making use of inherent heat, i.e. the heat for the joining comes from the moulding process of one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/545Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles one hollow-preform being placed inside the other
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/001Shaping in several steps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/004Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/006Using vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00Shaping characteristics in general
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    • B29C2791/007Using fluid under pressure
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/04Combined thermoforming and prestretching, e.g. biaxial stretching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/08Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only
    • B29C51/082Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only by shaping between complementary mould parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/261Handling means, e.g. transfer means, feeding means
    • B29C51/262Clamping means for the sheets, e.g. clamping frames
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/30Moulds
    • B29C51/34Moulds for undercut articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/44Removing or ejecting moulded articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/712General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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Abstract

本发明提供了单件式的面板能量吸收器的各种实施例。在一个实施例中,面板能量吸收器包括结合在一起的外部构件和内部构件。内部构件具有基部,基部包括多个溃缩凸起,并且至少一个溃缩凸起包括与基部间隔一距离的突起壁,以及从基部延伸到溃缩凸起的突起壁的至少一个侧壁。多个溃缩凸起远离彼此地隔开,并由一部分基部分开。在另一实施例中,用于制造面板能量吸收器的方法包括:加热和成形聚合物板以形成外部构件,以及加热和成形第二聚合物板以形成内部构件。然后结合内部构件和外部构件以形成面板能量吸收器。

Description

面板能量吸收器、保险杠系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于保险杠系统中的能量吸收器以及制造能量吸收器的方法。更特别地,本发明涉及单件式的面板能量吸收器(fascia energy absorber),用于吸收车辆外部对保险杠系统中的冲击,以及制造面板能量吸收器的方法。
背景技术
在车辆中使用吸收能量的结构是公知的。保险杠系统典型地横向或横断地延伸越过车辆的前部和后部,并且安装到沿纵向方向延伸的轨。用于机动车的许多保险杠组件包括保险杠梁和固定到保险杠梁的注射模塑能量吸收器。保险杠系统一般地还包括沿保险杠表面的能量吸收器以及用于覆盖能量吸收器的面板(fascia)。
通过快速地构建恰小于轨的负载限度的负载并维持该负载不变,直至冲击能量已经消散,有益的能量吸收保险杠系统能实现较高效率。能量吸收系统尝试通过管理冲击能量吸收以降低由于碰撞导致的车辆损坏。保险杠系统冲击要求由美国联邦机动车安全标准(US FMVSS)、加拿大机动车安全标准(CMVSS)、欧洲EC E42消费者法、欧洲NCAP行人保护要求、安联(Allianz)冲击要求和关于大小腿的亚洲行人保护所提出。另外,高速公路安全保险协会(IIHS)已经对于前后保险杠系统开发了不同的障碍测试方案。对于各种汽车平台和汽车模型中的每一个提出的各种设计标准,都必须满足这些要求。
对于给定的车辆平台,过去的车辆设计倾向于提倡流线型的面板,以及在面板和保险杠梁之间提供充分间隙的设计,用于设计成有效地吸收能量。然而,在保险杠系统设计中,当前倾向于允许消费者具有基本上更多的个性化选择。即,例如,设计不同的面板类型用于更多车辆模型。独特的面板设计导致相对小批量制造每个特定车辆构造,并且用于注射模塑各部件的加工成本变得非常高。
另一问题是当前设计具有较小的空间或包装空间,其中能量吸收能够有效地满足冲击和安全要求。例如,公知的能量吸收器结构包括泡沫塑料材料、诸如聚丙烯蜂窝状的塑料带肋结构和可变形的中空主体。这些当前结构昂贵和/或不满足性能要求。
发明内容
根据本发明实施例,本发明提供了单件式的面板能量吸收器,该单件式的面板能量吸收器包括结合在一起的外部构件和内部构件。在一个实施例中,内部构件包括具有多个溃缩凸起(crush lobe)的基部。多个溃缩凸起中的每一个包括与基部间隔开一定距离的突起壁和从基部延伸到溃缩凸起的突起壁的至少一个侧壁。多个溃缩凸起彼此间隔开,并由一部分基部分隔开。单件式的结构允许管理能量同时更加有效地使用空间。另外,工程热塑性材料和其中固有的高级物理特性能够以更薄的壁厚下提供更好的冲击性能。
在另一实施例中,面板能量吸收器包括热成形的外部构件,该热成形的外部构件结合到热成形的内部构件。该内部构件包括基部和多个溃缩凸起,并且至少一个溃缩凸起具有与基部间隔开一定距离的突起壁,并包括从基部延伸到突起壁的至少一个侧壁。该侧壁具有这样的厚度,该厚度是靠近侧壁的基部的厚度的至少60%。
在本发明的另一实施例中,制造面板能量吸收器的方法包括步骤:加热聚合物板并成形该聚合物板以生成内部构件;加热第二聚合物板并成形该第二聚合物板以生成外部构件;以及结合该内部构件和该外部构件。热成形的面板能量吸收器使得加工成本更低,这对于面板的定制类型提供了更大的机会。
附图说明
通过下面的附图能够理解本发明的各种实施例。部件不是必须成比例。
图1是根据本发明实施例的保险杠系统的分解透视图,其中保险杠系统包括面板能量吸收器和保险杠梁;
图2是示出根据本发明实施例的图1的安装到车辆的侧轨的保险杠系统的面板能量吸收器的透视剖面图;
图3是根据本发明实施例的沿图2的保险杠系统的线3-3截取的截面图;
图4是根据本发明实施例的沿图2的保险杠系统的线4-4截取的截面图;
图5是示出根据本发明实施例的包括内部构件和外部构件的替换面板能量吸收器的保险杠系统的截面图;
图6是根据本发明实施例的图5中所示的面板能量吸收器的透视图;
图7是根据本发明实施例的替换面板能量吸收器的截面图;
图8是根据本发明另一实施例的图7中所示的面板能量吸收器的透视图;
图9至图12是根据本发明实施例的用于制造图1和2的面板能量吸收器的处理步骤的示意图;和
图13至图16是根据本发明实施例的用于制造面板能量吸收器的替换处理步骤的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明在下面的说明和例子中被更加具体地描述,这些说明和例子仅作为示例,因为其中大量的修改和变型对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。如说明书和权利要求书中所使用的,单数形式的“一(a,an)”和“该(the)”可包括多个所指物,除非上下文清楚地指明之外。另外,如说明书和权利要求书中所使用的,术语“包括”可包括“由...组成”和“基本上由...组成”这些变形。另外,在此公开的所有范围包括端点并且可独立地组合。如在此使用的,大约的语言可应用于修饰任何定量的表示,该量可以在不会导致相关的基本功能的改变的情况下适当变化。因而,在一些情况下,由诸如“大约”和“基本上”的术语修饰的值可不限于指定的精确值。至少在一些情况下,大约的语言可相应于用于测量数值的仪器的精度。在此使用的术语“多个”指两个或更多的数量。在此使用的术语“多层”指至少两个层。
图1是保险杠系统10的示意性分解视图,该保险杠系统10能够连接到车辆,例如沿汽车纵向延伸的侧轨11和13。根据本发明实施例,保险杠系统10包括保险杠梁12和面板能量吸收器14,该面板能量吸收器14连接到保险杠梁12。本领域技术人员可理解,保险杠梁12可由高强度材料制成,例如铝、例如具有热塑性树脂的合成物。如进一步地描述,面板能量吸收器14可由各种聚合物和混合物中的一种或多种制成。面板能量吸收器14包括外部构件16,该外部构件16至少部分地或完全地包封内部构件18。内部构件18包括基部20和多个溃缩凸起,例如从基部20突出的溃缩凸起22、23和24。如图1的示例性实施例所示,诸如溃缩凸起22的多个溃缩凸起中的一个溃缩凸起具有宽度WCL,该宽度WCL在内部构件18横向宽度W的一部分到整个横向宽度W范围内,例如基本上沿内部构件18和面板能量吸收器14的整个横向宽度延伸的溃缩凸起24。
图2示出了连接到保险杠系统10的保险杠梁12的面板能量吸收器14的剖面图,该保险杠系统10连接到侧轨11和13。在一个实施例中,内部构件18的多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起包括基部、与基部间隔开的突起壁以及至少一个在基部和突起壁之间延伸的侧壁。例如,溃缩凸起22具有突起壁30和至少一个侧壁,例如从基部20延伸到突起壁30的第一侧壁32、第二侧壁34、上壁36和下壁38。基部20的基底部分21或“带”在相应的侧壁34和35之间分开溃缩凸起22和溃缩凸起23。溃缩凸起22和23被示出为具有波纹状的上壁36和下壁38,然而,替换的表面图案也是可以预期的,包括平坦的上表面和下表面。外部构件16能够选择性地包括开口或风道,以允许气流通过面板能量吸收器14进入到例如汽车的散热器。
图3是沿图2的保险杠系统10的线3-3截取的截面图。面板能量吸收器14具有外部构件16,该外部构件16是至少部分弯曲的且基本上包封与保险杠梁12接触的内部构件18。面板能量吸收器14沿“C形状”构造定向,使得基部20接触保险杠梁12,并且溃缩凸起22的突起壁30接触外部构件16。该横截面是在溃缩凸起22具有高度h1的波纹位置处获取的,其中该高度h1小于保险杠梁12的高度。内部构件18的溃缩凸起22朝向外部构件18突出深度d,并且突出的表面30接触外部构件16。基部20分开溃缩凸起22和在保险杠梁12下面延伸的溃缩凸起24。溃缩凸起22和在此描述的所有其它溃缩凸起的深度d可在大约25毫米到75毫米范围内,在另一例子中在大约30毫米到大约65毫米范围内,并且在再一例子中在大约35毫米到大约50毫米范围内。
图4是沿图2的保险杠系统10的线4-4截取的截面图。与图3所示相比,横截面沿波纹状的溃缩凸起22具有小于高度h1的高度h2的不同位置处截取。尽管在图3中与梁12接触的位置处,基部20基本上是平面的,但在替换实施例中,基部20可包括成型的表面40和41,其基本符合保险杠梁12的轮廓形状。以此方式,面板能量吸收器14沿至少两个方向被偏置抵靠保险杠梁12。成型的表面40和41可提供更大的抵抗力抵靠上壁36和下壁38,这些抵抗力的方向在保险杠系统受到冲击时有助于防止它们进一步分开。当负载施加到面板能量吸收器时,其中该面板能量吸收器具有图3中抵靠保险杠梁12的基本上平面的基底部分20,基底部分沿保险杠梁滑动,并且吸收的能量能够提供相对较小的抵抗力。然而,在图4中基部的两接触端部与保险杠梁12接合,使得元件朝向保险杠梁弯曲。由于弯曲导致的张力提供对于物体或冲击物的侵入更高的抵抗力。
在本发明的替换实施例中,图5示出了面板能量吸收器50的截面图,其中内部构件和外部构件能够合作以形成抵靠保险杠梁12的封闭“盒状”横截面。面板能量吸收器50包括结合到彼此并且邻接和/或连接到保险杠梁12的内部构件52和外部构件16。内部构件52包括基部54和从基部朝向保险杠梁12延伸的溃缩凸起56。溃缩凸起56包括突起壁60、上壁62和下壁64,上壁62和下壁64分别地在基部54和突起壁60之间延伸。突起壁60接触保险杠梁12,并且基部54接触外部构件16并提供这样的平面,该平面在面板能量吸收器50受到冲击时分散负载。由溃缩凸起56连同外部构件16形成的盒状结构提供对保险杠系统10上的冲击的增加的抵抗力。
在突起表面60和外部构件16之间延伸的上壁62和下壁64中的每一个壁显示为相对于突起壁60分别地以角度α1和α2定向,其中该角度可在大约90度至135度范围内,在另外的实施例中,相对于突起壁60在从稍大于大约90度至大约110度范围内。角度α1和α2能够相同或不同。同样地,分开图3和4中所述的以及在此描述的各种实施例中描述的溃缩凸起的侧壁和突起壁的角度能够成角度地定向,例如相对于溃缩凸起的突起壁的α1和α2。因此,内部构件的溃缩凸起的侧壁可以是倾斜的,以便易于从用于形成它的工具上去除。
图6示出了面板能量吸收器50的内部构件52的透视图,该视图是波纹状的上壁62和下壁64的更清楚的视图。溃缩凸起56具有上壁62的延伸部分70。延伸部分70的上壁72和下壁74相对于突起壁60分别地以角度β1和β2定向,其中角度β1和β2可以彼此相同或不同,并且可以与角度α1和α2相同或不同,并且可以例如在关于角度α1和α2描述的范围内变化。
图7是根据本发明另一实施例的安装到保险杠梁12的面板能量吸收器100的截面图。面板能量吸收器100包括外部构件16和内部构件102。图8中所示的内部构件102的透视图示出了基部110以及溃缩凸起112和113。溃缩凸起112具有与基部110间隔距离d的突起壁120、上壁122、下壁124以及侧壁136和138。所示的突起壁120与外部构件16接触,并且基部110与保险杠梁12接触。此外,内部构件102具有第二组侧壁140和141,该组侧壁从基部110延伸,并分别终止在与外部构件16接触的凸缘142和143处。因此,附加的侧壁140和141具有的长度基本上等于在保险杠梁12和外部构件16之间延伸的溃缩凸起112和113的深度d。
如图8和9所示,溃缩凸起112和113的突起壁120和130以及外壁140和141的凸缘142和143分别地直接接触外部构件16,在替换的实施例中,溃缩凸起112和113的突起壁120和130以及凸缘142和143可以接触保险杠梁12。在任一实施例中,内部构件102的溃缩凸起与外部构件16或保险杠梁12结合形成封闭结构,该封闭结构允许上壁122和下壁124、外壁140和141以及侧壁136和138以受控的方式坍塌,用于有效的能量管理。
截面图示出了内部构件的各种轮廓形状的设计灵活性能够实现面板能量吸收器的调节。另外,例如通过改变内部构件的溃缩凸起的深度和厚度以及外部构件的壁厚,可以调节面板能量吸收器。内部构件和外部构件的壁厚可以相同或不同,并且可沿面板能量吸收器的横向宽度W改变。例如,在沿溃缩凸起的深度d较大的横向宽度WCL的位置处,内部构件可以较薄。
取决于面板能量吸收器的选择特性,内部构件和外部构件的平均厚度可以改变。内部构件和外部构件中的每一个部件的平均厚度可在从大约0.1毫米到10毫米的范围内,在替换的实施例中,在从大约1毫米到大约7毫米的范围内,并且在再一实施例中,在从大约2毫米到大约5毫米的范围内,以及在其中的所有子范围内。
面板能量吸收器的内部构件和外部构件可具有由不同材料的多层组成的厚度。例如,外部构件可具有基底层和涂覆层,例如能够给面板能量吸收器提供A类表面的聚合物或油漆涂覆层。外层例如还可以包括上涂覆层和/或一个或等多的中间层。在这样的情况下,各个层中的每个层的平均厚度可在如上所述范围内,和/或可以更薄,例如,在从大约0.05毫米到大约5毫米的范围内的薄层,在另一例子中,在从大约0.1毫米到大约1.5毫米的范围内的薄层,在再一例子中,在从大约0.2毫米到大约1毫米的范围内的薄层,以及在其中的所有子范围内的薄层。
如上所述,通过使溃缩凸起的各个壁的变薄,可以调整内部构件和外部构件中的每个部件的各部分。例如,取决于溃缩凸起的深度和将进一步描述的各种处理方法,具有从基部发出的溃缩凸起的内部构件可相对于基部的厚度变薄一直到大约60%。在一个实施例中,从基部延伸到突起壁的至少一个侧壁具有的平均厚度至少是基部厚度的50%,在另一实施例中,至少是基部厚度的60%,在再一实施例中,是基部厚度的大约60%到大约99%,并且在再一实施例中,是基部厚度的大约70%到大约90%。
合适地调整上述实施例的能量吸收器的另一方面是对将被采用的热塑性树脂的选择。在此的面板能量吸收器的外部构件和内部构件可由相同或不同的材料或聚合物组分制成。如果两种材料或聚合物组分的分子结构不同、它们的添加物不同或两者都不同,那么这两种材料或聚合物组分是不同的,其中添加物包括但不限于例如装填物、着色剂、增强加工性和特性的成分。另外,如上所述,内部构件和外部构件中的每一个部件可以由两种或更多种不同的材料组分制成。
面板能量吸收器可以由非加固聚合物制成,并且可由任何合适的热塑性聚合物、热固性聚合物及其混合物制成。另外,装填物或其它合适的添加物可添加到聚合物材料中,以增强面板能量吸收器的外部构件和/或内部构件或为其提供弹性。采用的树脂可以根据需要是较低的模数、中间的模数或较高的模数材料。通过仔细地考虑这些变量中的每一个变量,可以制造出满足选择的能量冲击目标的能量吸收器。用于形成能量吸收器的材料的特性包括例如较高韧性/延展性、热稳定性、高能量吸收能力、较好的模数与伸长比率以及可再利用性等。
在任一上述实施例中,外部构件和内部构件的材料组分可以彼此相同或不同。外部构件和内部构件可以由非加固聚合物制成,例如,随后热成形的注入有长玻璃纤维的聚合物。外部构件和内部构件可以由任何合适的热塑性或热固性材料制成。另外,装填物或其它附加物可以添加到聚合物中以增强面板能量吸收器。合适的装填物可例如包括诸如玻璃纤维或塑料纤维的装填物。材料组分可以包括但不限于聚酯、聚碳酸酯、基于聚碳酸酯的共聚物(polycarbonate-based copolymers);聚酯,例如无定形聚酯对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(amorphous polyester terephthalate,APET)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(poly(ethylene terephthalate),PET)、聚丙烯对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(poly(propylene terephthalate))、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(poly(butylenesterephthalate),PBT)、聚环己烷二甲醇环己烷二羧酸(poly(clyclohexanedimethanol cyclohexane dicarboxylate))和乙二醇改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(glycol-modified polyethylene terepthalate,PETG);聚氯乙烯(polyvinylchloride,PVC);聚砜,包括聚醚砜(polyethersulfone,PES)和聚亚苯基砜(polyphenylsulfone,PPSU);聚醋酸乙烯酯(poly(vinyl acetate));多芳基化合物(polyarylates);聚醚酰亚胺(polyetherimide,PEI);聚酰亚胺;聚酰胺;聚酯碳酸酯(polyestercarbonates);聚醚酮(polyetherketone)、聚氨酯(polyurethanes)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene,ABS)、聚碳酸酯、聚碳酸酯/ABS混合物、共聚碳酸酯聚酯(copolycarbonate-polyester)、丙烯酸-苯乙烯-丙烯腈(acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile,ASA)、丙烯腈-乙烯二胺改性聚丙烯-苯乙烯(acrylonitrile-(ethylene-polypropylene diamine modified)-styrene,AES)、聚苯醚树脂(phenylene ether resins)、聚苯醚/聚酰胺的混合物、聚碳酸酯/PET/PBT的混合物、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polybutylene terephthalate)、聚苯硫醚树脂(phenylene sulfide resins)、聚氯乙烯PVC、高抗冲击聚苯乙烯(HIPS)、低/高密度聚乙烯(LDPE、HDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)和热塑性烯烃(TPO)、聚醚酰亚胺(polyether imides,PEI),及其混合物。
图9至12是根据本发明实施例的用于制造面板能量吸收器的方法的步骤的示意图,例如图1至8中描述的面板能量吸收器14、50和100。根据一个实施例的用于制造面板能量吸收器的方法包括:加热第一聚合物板并成形该聚合物以生成内部构件;加热第二聚合物板并成形该聚合物以生成外部构件;结合内部构件和外部构件以生成面板能量吸收器。双板热成形是能够提供较高生产率的方法的一个例子,因为诸如外部构件和内部构件的最终产品的两个构件同时地在相同热成形设备内形成。“同时”意味着至少一部分成形处理对于每个部件同时实施。在替换的处理中,例如外部构件和内部构件的每个部件可分开地,在不同的时间或在分开的模制设备中形成,或既在不同的时间又在分开的模制设备中形成。
图9示出了具有工具的热成形设备200的截面图,该工具包括具有芯体表面215的阳模制“芯体”202和具有腔体表面225的阴模制“腔体”204。阳模制芯体202和阴模制腔体204典型地分别包括排气口203和205,用于在热成形处理期间抽真空排出诸如空气的气体。热成形设备200还包括紧固第一聚合物板210的夹子212和214,以及紧固第二聚合物板220的夹子222和224。当聚合物板由夹子紧固时,它们在烤炉里被加热到取决于将被成形的聚合物的高温。例如,聚合物可被加热到聚合物的熔化温度或热变形温度(HTD)的大约50°F内的温度,在另一例子中大约25°F内,并且在另一例子中大约10°F内。
在另一实施例中,方法选择性地包括在成形步骤之前和/或成形步骤期间延展聚合物板210、220。该聚合物例如通过重力而被延展,其中板210和220在接触工具之前下垂,如虚线211和221所示。在该步骤中,聚合物被延展至基本上均一的壁厚,从而最小化最终产品的壁厚变化。在另一实施例中,该处理还可包括“铰接”聚合物,以将由夹子紧固的板边缘移动到预定轮廓图案。例如,夹子222和224可具有在多个位置与聚合物板接触的铰接接头。该铰接接头能够旋转以预成型聚合物板,使其与最终产品的选择形状(例如,阴模制腔体225的轮廓)紧密一致。如图所示,阴模制腔体204具有C型轮廓,用于面板能量吸收器14的外部构件16(图3)的选择形状,并且在放置聚合物与模制腔体204相接触之前,模制夹子222和224能够旋转以将聚合物板220弯曲成C型构造。
图10示出了当第一聚合物板210和第二聚合物板210基本上符合阳模制芯体202的芯体表面215且成为成形的内部构件240,并且聚合物板220基本上符合阴模制腔体204的模制表面225且成为成形的外部构件250时的设备200。在热成形处理期间,诸如空气的气体沿箭头226和228所示的方向穿过在工具之间形成的间隙227和229在阳模制芯体和阴模制腔体之间被引导。选择性地,真空推动气体穿过真空口203和205,并且沿箭头230和232所示的方向离开阳和阴模制部分。保持在高温的内部构件240和外部构件250可通过彼此接触而结合,以形成与图1-3的面板能量吸收器14相似的面板能量吸收器。图11示出了阳模制芯体202和阴模制腔体204更远离彼此地移动,使得最终的面板能量吸收器260能够从模制设备200中脱模或移开。诸如壁252、254的内部构件的壁以及诸如壁256、268的外部构件的壁可以是倾斜的,以对于易于从芯体和模制腔体中移开的每次动作。图12示出了最终的面板能量吸收器260包括外部构件250和内部构件240。内部构件240包括基部270和诸如溃缩凸起271的至少一个溃缩凸起,该溃缩凸起271具有与外部构件250接触的突起壁272,以及从基部270延伸到突起壁272的侧壁274和276。
因此,在图9-12所示的步骤描述的实施例中,第一聚合物板成形到工具的阳模制芯体上,以生成具有外表面的内部构件240;第二聚合物板成形到工具的阴模制腔体上,以生成具有内表面的外部构件250;并且内部构件的外表面结合外部构件的内表面以生成面板能量吸收器260。图12的横截面视图示出了内部构件240的溃缩凸起271的突起壁和/或基部的各个部分连接到外部构件250。
应意识到,各种方法能够用于结合外部构件和内部构件。在图9-12的处理步骤所示的示例性实施例中,内部构件240和外部构件250的熔化聚合物使得材料彼此接触并且一旦冷却时粘附。在另一例子中,外部构件和内部构件可通过粘合剂、焊接接合而结合,或作为再一例子,外部构件和内部构件的凸缘可包括开口,螺钉或紧固件能够穿过该开口而被插入以连接彼此,然而,不是必须使用紧固件。因此,在一个示例性实施例中,面板能量吸收器不包括紧固件。
图13至16是根据本发明另一实施例的用于制造面板能量吸收器的方法步骤的示意图。图13示出了热成形设备300的截面图,该热成形设备300具有搁置在压力盒302内的阳模制芯体301。包括材料层306和307的多个层的外部构件303在被保持在夹子304和305之间的同时被成形。压力盒302是开腔外壳(open cavity enclosure),其中诸如空气的气体在这样的压力下被吹入,该压力例如可在从大约10至大约100psi的范围内。空气能够沿313所示的方向通过端口314被吹入,并且压力成形抵靠芯体301的模制表面的外部构件303的轮廓。芯体301还包括真空口316,该真空口允许气体沿箭头317所示的方向被抽真空离开芯体排出。
在图14中,阳模制芯体301示出在压力盒302的外部,并且外部构件303与阳模制芯体的肩部320和322相符合。热成形的外部构件303具有比芯体301的芯体肩部320和324更窄的热成形颈部328和330。因此在本发明的另一实施例中,夹子304和305沿远离芯体向外的方向拉动外部构件303,以将外部构件303的热成形颈部328和330从芯体肩部320和322移出。一旦拉动时,当通过芯体沿箭头320所示的向上方向的运动,芯体301离开或与外部构件303分离时,芯体壁部分338和340可自由地在热成形颈部328和330的旁边通过。有益的是外部构件303保持处于高温,至少在室温以上,同时外部构件303的边缘被拉动远离芯体301。因此,在一个示例性实施例中,方法还包括使外部构件、内部构件中的至少一个部件脱模,以及在脱模之前和/或脱模期间,拉动至少一个成形聚合物板的边缘。
图15是根据本发明实施例的用于制造面板能量吸收器的方法中的另一步骤的另一示意图。成形的外部构件303一旦离开芯体301就被放置在图15的固定器402中。固定器402维持外部构件的形状,并且还可以维持聚合物的加热温度。设备400还示出了阳芯体502的横截面示意图,该阳芯体502上具有聚合物内部构件504,该内部构件已经被成形以符合芯体502的几何表面。芯体502还包括排气口503,该排气口503用作在内部构件504的热成形期间从芯体502吸走空气。根据上述相对于图13所示的外部构件303描述的方法,内部构件504被成形。内部构件504和外部构件303沿外部构件303和内部构件504的各个位置接触并结合。
在另一实施例中,该方法可选择性地包括修整外部构件303和内部构件504的步骤。图16示出了外部构件303和内部构件504,其被结合以形成具有咬边(undercut)或唇部610和612的面板能量吸收器600。外部构件303的向内突起唇部610和612能够给面板能量吸收器600提供美观的边缘,该面板能量吸收器能够邻接保险杠系统和/或车辆的其它部件。
虽然热成形是制造面板能量吸收器的一种方法,但是本领域普通技术人员将意识到,在本发明的范围内可以使用其它合适的成形技术。例如,可被使用的其它技术例如包括注射模塑、压模、挤出压缩、水辅注射、加压模塑、井模制(well molding)和旋转模塑。
在另一示例性实施例中,在此描述的面板能量吸收器能够分阶段地制造。例如,在例如三角形形状的设备中,用于制造面板能量吸收器的方法可具有三个阶段。该方法可以从第一站开始,其中聚合物板装载到模制热成形模制设备的夹子上。聚合物板,或在双热成形操作中的两个聚合物板能够装载到模制设备的夹子上。接下来,设备能够旋转例如大约120度,以使板前进到热成形设备的随后邻近站。因此,夹子和热塑性板移动到第二站,该第二站包括加热聚合物的烤箱。然后,聚合物板能够移动到第三热成形站,该站可装备有模制芯体或模制腔体,或既有模制芯体又有模制腔体。在该第三阶段,采用真空并且吹起气压以强迫聚合物板抵靠模制芯体或模制腔体。
因此,在连续的处理中,加载、加热、成型和结合中的每一步骤的至少一部分同时实施。在第一站,第一材料的聚合物板装载到夹子上;在第二站,聚合物被加热;在第三站,诸如空气的气体吹向聚合物板以成形外部构件和/或内部构件。在第三站或在另外的第四站,外部构件和内部构件结合以生成面板能量吸收器,该面板能量吸收器具有第一材料组分的外部构件和第二材料组分的内部构件,该第二材料组分可以与第一材料组分相同或不同。
另外,在许多连续的处理中,方法的脱模阶段是最短的。因此,在本发明的上述方法中,产品从模具中离开的脱模站与装载站是相同的站,在该装载站聚合物板被装载用于下一循环的。即,在“脱模-装载站”,由先前循环中生成的面板能量吸收器能够脱模,并且新的聚合物板能够被装载以开始下一循环,上述动作分别与完成第二和第三阶段的加热或成型步骤相比占用更少的时间。作为一个例子,脱模和装载时间的结合等于或小于用于加热步骤和成型步骤中的每个步骤的时间。
因此,在一个实施例中,方法包括:在加热至少第二聚合物板之后,将至少第一聚合物板移动到在第二站先前由该至少第二聚合物板占据的位置;在成形至少第三聚合物板以生成成型的聚合物单元之后,将至少第二聚合物板从第二站移动到在第三站先前由至少第三聚合物板占据的位置,该聚合物单元是外部构件、内部构件和面板能量吸收器中的至少一个。
在一个实施例中,面板能量吸收器包括:至少具有弯曲部分的外部构件;以及结合到外部构件的内部构件,其中内部构件包括基部,该基部包括多个溃缩凸起,并且其中多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起包括与基部间隔一距离的突起壁,和从基部延伸到溃缩凸起的突起壁的至少一个侧壁;并且其中多个溃缩凸起中的至少第一溃缩凸起与多个溃缩凸起中的第二溃缩凸起间隔开,并且由基部的一部分分隔开。
在另一实施例中,面板能量吸收器包括:至少具有弯曲部分的热成形外部构件;以及结合到外部构件的热成形内部构件,其中内部构件包括基部和从基部延伸的多个溃缩凸起;其中多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起包括与基部间隔一距离的突起壁,以及从基部延伸到溃缩凸起的突起壁的至少一个侧壁,并且其中该至少侧壁具有的厚度至少是基部厚度的60%。
在实施例中,制造面板能量吸收器的方法包括:加热和成形第一聚合物板以生成内部构件;绕工具加热和成形第二聚合物板以生成外部构件;以及结合内部构件和外部构件以形成面板能量吸收器。
在各种实施例中:(i)多个溃缩凸起中的至少第一溃缩凸起可与多个溃缩凸起中的第二溃缩凸起间隔开,并且由基部的一部分间隔开;(ii)外部构件和内部构件可以是面板能量吸收器的热成形部件;(iii)内部构件的基部可以接触外部构件,并且内部构件的突起壁可以与外部构件间隔一距离;(iv)内部构件的突起壁可接触外部构件;(v)外部构件可基本上包覆内部构件;(vi)多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起可以是波纹状的;(vii)多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起可具有横向宽度和高度,并且溃缩凸起的高度可沿横向宽度改变;(viii)多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起可具有第一侧壁、第二侧壁、上壁和下壁;(ix)多个溃缩凸起中的至少两个溃缩凸起的突起壁可基本上沿相同平面延伸;(x)多个溃缩凸起中的每个溃缩凸起的突起壁可基本上沿相同平面延伸;(xi)至少一个溃缩凸起的至少一个侧壁能够定向成相对于突起壁成角度,其中该角度在90度到145度的范围内;(xii)多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起的该至少一个侧壁的壁厚可以是基部厚度的至少50%;(xiii)多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起的该至少一个侧壁的壁厚可以是基部厚度的至少80%;(xiv)多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起的基部和突起壁之间的距离在25至75毫米的范围内;(xv)外部构件在外部构件的边缘附近可具有至少一个唇部;(xvi)内部构件的基部的至少一部分可具有沿至少两个不同方向延伸的轮廓表面;(xvii)内部构件和外部构件中的至少一个部件可包括至少两种不同材料组分的多层;(xviii)内部构件和外部构件可包括不同材料组分;(xix)内部构件和外部构件可包括热塑性材料;和/或(xx)内部构件和外部构件中的每一部件包括从聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚烯烃或其混合物中选择的热塑性材料。
保险杠系统可包括保险杠梁和面板能量吸收器的各个实施例中的任一实施例。在各种实施例中,内部构件的基部可接触保险杠梁,并且基部可包括沿至少两个不同方向接触保险杠梁的轮廓表面。
方法的各种实施例还可包括:(i)成形第一聚合物板和第二聚合物板包括在成形期间施加气压到第一聚合物板和第二聚合物板;(ii)成形第一聚合物板和第二聚合物板包括在成形期间施加真空到第一聚合物板和第二聚合物板;(iii)在成形之前延展第一和第二聚合物板中的至少一个聚合物板,其中延展选择性地包括铰接该聚合物板以将板的边缘移动到预定轮廓图案,因此聚合物板更加紧密地符合面板能量吸收器的内部构件和外部构件中的至少一个部件的选择图案;(iv)在成形之后,使内部构件、外部构件和结合的面板能量吸收器中的至少一个脱模离开工具;(v)在脱模期间拉动至少一个聚合物板的边缘;(vi)第一聚合物板可在工具的阳芯体部分上成形,以生成具有外表面的内部构件,第二聚合物板可在工具的阴芯体部分上成形,以生成具有内表面的外部构件,并且内部构件的外表面可结合到外部构件的内表面以生成面板能量吸收器;(vii)聚合物板可在工具的阳芯体部分上成形,以生成具有外表面和内表面的外部构件,并且还包括将外部构件放置在阴固定器内,该阴固定器在将外部构件的内表面结合到内部构件之前与外表面接触;(viii)装载与夹子接触的至少一个聚合物板,并且其中分别地在第一站、第二站和第三站在设备上执行装载、加热和成形;(ix)在成形之后可在第三站执行结合;(x)可在第四站执行结合;(xi)该方法可以是连续的,并且,每个步骤的至少一部分可同时地对不同聚合物板实施;(xii)在加热至少第二聚合物板之后,将至少第一聚合物板移动到第二站先前由至少第二聚合物板占据的位置;在成形至少第三聚合物板以生成成型的聚合物单元之后,将至少第二聚合物板从第二站移动到第三站先前由至少第三聚合物板占据的位置,该聚合物单元是外部构件、内部构件和面板能量吸收器中的至少一个;(xiii)将成型的聚合物单元从第三站移动到第一站先前由至少第一聚合物板占据的位置,以及使成形的聚合物单元从设备中脱模;和/或(xiv)在使成形的聚合物单元脱模之后,在第一站装载新的聚合物板。
虽然已经描述了本发明的实施例,但是本领域技术人员应理解,在不脱离本发明范围的情况下可得到各种变型,并且等效物可代替能量吸收器或其系统。例如,尽管上述示例性实施例适合于车辆,但是应理解多个其它应用可找到面板能量吸收器的用途。另外,可使用多个不同的聚合物。可以进行许多修改以使得材料的具体情形适合于本发明的教导,而不脱离本发明的实质范围。因此,所期望的是本发明不限于具体实施例,并且本发明将包括落入从属权利要求的范围内的所有实施例。

Claims (41)

1.一种面板能量吸收器,包括:
至少具有弯曲部分的外部构件;和
结合到所述外部构件的内部构件,其中所述内部构件包括基部,所述基部包括多个溃缩凸起,以及
其中所述多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起包括与所述基部间隔一定距离的突起壁,和从所述基部延伸到所述溃缩凸起的突起壁的至少一个侧壁;并且其中所述多个溃缩凸起中的至少第一溃缩凸起与所述多个溃缩凸起中的第二溃缩凸起间隔开,并且由基部的一部分分开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起的所述至少一个侧壁的壁厚至少是所述基部厚度的50%。
3.一种面板能量吸收器,包括:
至少具有弯曲部分的热成形的外部构件;和
结合到所述外部构件的热成形的内部构件,其中所述内部构件包括基部和从所述基部延伸的多个溃缩凸起;以及
其中所述多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起包括与所述基部间隔一定距离的突起壁,和从所述基部延伸到所述溃缩凸起的突起壁的至少一个侧壁,并且其中所述至少一个侧壁具有的厚度至少是所述基部的厚度的60%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个第一溃缩凸起与所述多个溃缩凸起中的一个第二溃缩凸起间隔开,并且由基部的一部分分隔开。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述外部构件和所述内部构件是所述面板能量吸收器的热成形部件。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述内部构件的基部接触所述外部构件,并且所述内部构件的突起壁与所述外部构件间隔一距离。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述内部构件的突起壁接触所述外部构件。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述外部构件基本上包覆所述内部构件。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起是波纹状的。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起具有横向宽度和高度,并且所述溃缩凸起的高度沿横向宽度改变。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起具有第一侧壁、第二侧壁、上壁和下壁。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述多个溃缩凸起中的至少两个溃缩凸起的突起壁基本上沿相同平面延伸。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述多个溃缩凸起中的每个溃缩凸起的突起壁基本上沿相同平面延伸。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述至少一个溃缩凸起的至少一个侧壁取向成相对于所述突起壁成角度,其中所述角度在90度到145度的范围内。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起的至少一个侧壁的壁厚至少是所述基部厚度的80%。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述多个溃缩凸起中的至少一个溃缩凸起的基部和突起壁之间的距离在25到75毫米的范围内。
17.根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述外部构件具有邻近所述外部构件的边缘的至少一个唇部。
18.根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述内部构件的基部的至少一部分具有沿至少两个不同方向延伸的轮廓表面。
19.根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述内部构件和所述外部构件中的至少一个部件包括至少两种不同材料组分的多层。
20.根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述内部构件和所述外部构件包括不同的材料组分。
21.根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述内部构件和所述外部构件包括热塑性材料。
22.根据权利要求1至21中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器,其中所述内部构件和所述外部构件中的每一个包括从聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚烯烃或其混合物中选择的热塑性材料。
23.一种保险杠系统,包括保险杠梁和根据权利要求1至22中任一项所述的面板能量吸收器。
24.根据权利要求23所述的保险杠系统,其中所述内部构件的基部接触所述保险杠梁,并且所述基部包括沿至少两个不同方向接触所述保险杠梁的轮廓表面。
25.一种制造面板能量吸收器的方法,包括:加热和成形第一聚合物板以制造内部构件;绕工具加热和成形第二聚合物板以生成外部构件;以及结合所述内部构件和所述外部构件以形成面板能量吸收器。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中成形所述第一聚合物板和所述第二聚合物板的步骤包括在成形期间施加气压到所述第一聚合物板和所述第二聚合物板。
27.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中成形所述第一聚合物板和所述第二聚合物板的步骤包括在成形期间施加真空到所述第一聚合物板和所述第二聚合物板。
28.根据权利要求25至27中任一项所述的方法,还包括在成形之前延展所述第一聚合物板和所述第二聚合物板中的至少一个聚合物板。
29.根据权利要求28所述的方法,其中该延展包括铰接所述聚合物板以将板的边缘移动到预定轮廓图案,使得所述聚合物板更加紧密地符合所述面板能量吸收器的内部构件和外部构件中的至少一个的选择图案。
30.根据权利要求25至30中任一项所述的方法,还包括在成形之后,使所述内部构件、所述外部构件和所述结合的面板能量吸收器中的至少一个部件脱模离开所述工具。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法,还包括在脱模期间拉动所述聚合物板中的至少一个的边缘。
32.根据权利要求25至31中任一项所述的方法,其中所述聚合物板中的至少一个是至少两种不同材料组分的多层板。
33.根据权利要求25至32中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一聚合物板在工具的阳芯体部分上成形,以生成具有外表面的内部构件;所述第二聚合物板在工具的阴芯体部分上成形,以生成具有内表面的外部构件;并且所述内部构件的外表面结合到所述外部构件的内表面以生成面板能量吸收器。
34.根据权利要求25至32中任一项所述的方法,其中聚合物板在工具的阳芯体部分上成形,以生成具有外表面和内表面的外部构件,并且还包括将所述外部构件放置在阴固定器内,所述阴固定器在所述外部构件的内表面结合所述内部构件之前与所述外表面接触。
35.根据权利要求25至34中任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括装载与夹子接触的至少一个聚合物板,并且其中分别在第一站、第二站和第三站处在设备上执行装载、加热和成形。
36.根据权利要求35所述的方法,其中在成形之后在第三站执行结合。
37.根据权利要求35所述的方法,其中在第四站执行结合。
38.根据权利要求25至35中任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法是连续的,并且对于不同聚合物板,每个步骤的至少一部分同时地实施。
39.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述方法包括:在加热至少第二聚合物板之后,将至少第一聚合物板移动到第二站中先前由所述至少第二聚合物板占据的位置;以及在成形至少第三聚合物板以生成成型的聚合物单元之后,将所述至少第二聚合物板从第二站移动到第三站中先前由所述至少第三聚合物板占据的位置,所述聚合物单元是外部构件、内部构件和面板能量吸收器中的至少一个。
40.根据权利要求39所述的方法,还包括:将所述成形的聚合物单元从第三站移动到第一站中先前由所述至少第一聚合物板占据的位置;以及使所述成形的聚合物单元从设备中脱模。
41.根据权利要求40所述的方法,还包括在使所述成型的聚合物单元脱模之后,在第一站装载新的聚合物板。
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US20090167037A1 (en) 2009-07-02
US8215686B2 (en) 2012-07-10

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