CN101904042B - 带温度控制装置的电池组件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是一种可调整的电池模块,可用于各种配置中,包括但不限于汽车和非汽车应用中的水平或垂直堆叠电池封装配置。电池模块包含多个电池散热片组件,电池置于其间。多个杆穿过每个散热片组件,将散热片组件和电池固定起来,形成电池模块。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及带电池的电池组,尤其是电动/混合动力车带冷却系统或加热系统(用于冷却或加热电池)的电池组以及在电池组内固定电池的方法。
背景技术
混合动力车使用多个推进系统(汽油、电力、电池电动机)提供动力。在行驶或空闲时,内燃机的部分输出被传输至发电机(仅以发电机模式运行的电动机),发电机产生电力为电池充电。混合动力车还通过再生制动捕获动能来为电池充电。这与使用电网等外部电源或电力源扩展拖车为电池充电的全电动轿车不同。虽然混合动力车偶尔使用柴油燃料以及乙醇、植物油等其他燃料,但是几乎所有混合动力车仍需要将汽油作为其唯一燃料源。
电池组和电池由电极和两极之间离子传导电解质组成。包含锂离子电池的电池组在汽车应用和各类商业电子设备中越来越受欢迎,因为它们可再次充电,且无记忆效应。在理想工作温度下使用锂离子电池对于电池的性能和使用寿命至关重要。
由于锂离子电池的特性,电池组通常指定在大约-30℃至60℃之间的环境温度范围中使用。但是,即使在此温度范围内使用,如果电池组长时间处于极端温度状态,也可能会逐渐丧失其容量或充电放电能力。然而,在规定温度范围之外的环境温度下使用锂离子电池的情况可能无法避免。
两块电池之间可能会出现重大温度差异,这会损坏电池组的性能。为了延长整个电池组的使用寿命,电池必须处于规定阀值温度之下。为了提高电池组的性能,必须尽量减小电池组内电池之间的温度差异。然而,电池温度取决于周围环境的导热路径,因此不同的电池将达到不同的温度。此外,由于同样原因,不同的电池在充电过程中会达到不同的温度。因此,如果一块电池的温度比其他电池的温度高,则其充电或放电效率将不同,因此,其充电或放电速度可能比其他电池快。这会导致整个电池组性能的下降。
本技术涉及多种带有冷却系统和封装系统的电池组设计。例如,属于琼斯等人的美国专利号为5,071,652介绍了一种带有圆形外部压力容器的金属氢氧电池,其中包含多个并排排列的圆形电池模块。
需要对带冷却和加热系统的电池组件进行改进,以维持电池组件的最佳工作温度,确保以额定容量和充电放电速率,实现最长使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明是一种可调整的电池模块,可用于各种配置中,包括但不限于汽车和非汽车应用中的水平或垂直堆叠电池封装配置。电池模块包含许多电池,每块与一个散热片相连,散热片由导热材料制成,如扁平铝合金箔片或类似材料。
多个第一个电极和第二个电极堆叠并封装至电绝缘封套,形成电池。根据上文,每块散热片就是由导热材料制成的板。此板确定传热边缘和终端。每块板确定断流器部分和接合所述断流器部分的垫片。每块板上都有许多孔,用于接收伸出的杆,以将所有散热片相互连接,形成电池组。一个终端延伸至拥有矩形横截面、代表第一种配置的翅片。另一终端延伸至拥有L形横截面、代表第二种配置的另一翅片。翅片可以是冷成型的,根据应用设计将热量从电池传输出去或传递进来。电池固定装置与每个散热片连接。电池固定装置包括一个内框组和一个外框组。每个电池固定装置的内框都夹住其间的散热片。内框和外框上有多个外凸和内凹连接部位,它们相互机械啮合,将方形蓄电池锁定在内框和外框内。这些部位可以断开,以便拆卸方形蓄电池。此处介绍的是一种电池固定和传热组件。
一种夹在方形蓄电池之间的装置,如一层材料,如泡沫或任何其他非坚硬高分子材料。装置大体上覆盖整个方形蓄电池。每个散热片有一对内框并分别连接至散热片两侧,内框与相应的外框机械啮合,方形蓄电池位于其间,从而形成电池固定和传热组件。此装置夹在至少两个这样的组件之间,组件与组件之间相互机械堆叠并电气连接,形成电池组。由于组件是通过组合而形成电池组的,装置允许在典型的充电和放电状态下对方形蓄电池进行扩展和收缩,由此让电池与散热片保持密切接触,实现高效传热。
多个电池组置于盘状容器或托盘中。盘状容器由底面平底组件或车的其他部件支撑固定(未显示)。盘状容器有一个底座和多个侧壁。侧壁通常垂直于底座或稍微倾斜。每个侧壁均有外围边缘伸出。侧壁延伸方向与侧壁之间伸出的桥架平行。桥架包括顶部和侧壁,其侧壁延伸方向通常与盘状容器侧壁垂直。桥架将盘状容器分为两部分以容纳多个模块。侧壁有多个槽,液体能从槽中流出盘状容器。
第一个和第二个支架和侧壁为整体,从侧壁伸出,与顶部对齐。两个支架可以相同,也可以不同,每个支架包括连接至偏转单元的气流截止阀部件,可以根据组件压力打开或关闭阀门部件。需要冷空气时,来自风机系统的压力使入口阀门打开。没有压力时,弹簧弹力使阀门关闭。如果组件内部过压,则入口阀门将关闭,排气阀门将打开。入口阀门还可以防止热产生的烟雾和气体进入车内。
本发明的优势是电池组内电池的固定能力强。
本发明的另一优势是可通过简化组装方法来降低生产成本。
本发明的第三个优势是提供管理电池组热量方面的途径,以提供和接收高速电流,其方法是在快速充电或放电脉冲中有效除去不需要的、可能损坏电池组性能和使用寿命的热量。
本发明的第四个优势是电池组设计简单、重量轻。
本发明的第五个优势是可根据各种应用轻松扩展。
附图说明
图1是电池模块的透视图,该模块备有一对电池组;
图2是夹在一对内框之间的散热片;
图3是图2所示夹在内框之间的散热片的部分透视图;
图4是图2的分解图;
图5是电池固定单元的透视图,散热片夹在内框之间,一对方形蓄电池位于散热片两侧,每块电池在相应的内框上伸出,一对外框分别在相应的方形蓄电池上伸出;
图6是图5所示的电池固定单元的分解图;
图7是包括多个电池固定单元的电池模块的透视图和分解图;
图8是另一种盛装电池模块的容器的透视图,该容器拥有带出入口的盖子;
图9是盘状容器所延伸部分的横截面视图,盘状容器有入口阀门和出口阀门,用于经过电池外壳进行液体传输,调节电池组中电池的温度;以及
图10是盛装多个电池模块的盘状容器部分的透视图,以及电池模块中气流循环的方向。
具体实施方式
参照附图,其中相同的数字表示相同部件或相应部件。本发明所指的电池组件在图1中标记为10,它包含一对电池组(标记为12),电池组置于外壳14中。电池组12可以调整以用于各类配置中,包括但不限于汽车应用或非汽车应用中的水平或垂直堆叠电池封装配置。每个电池组12包含多块电池(图1中未显示)。电池清楚显示于图6中。每块电池16最好是方形锂离子电池。
参照图6,每块电池16上有侧边边缘18和20。第一个电极或弯折22表示正极,从边缘之一18伸出。第二个电极或弯折24表示负极,从另一边缘20伸出。弯折22和24确定至少为90度的角度。角度可能有所差异,可配置为90度。或者,第一个和第二个电极可以采用平面设计。弯折22和24上有一对半圆开口26。
现在参照图2至图6,每个电池组包含许多可卸下的电池固定单元30,它们相互连接以形成电池组12。图7是电池组12的分解图。电池固定单元30(参照图2至图4)上包括散热片32。散热片32表示板34,是由铝、铜和类似导热材料制成的板。每个散热片32的终端为两个相对的翅片部分,在图4中通常标记为36和38。翅片部分38表示为矩形或管状横截面40。另一翅片部分36表示为平面42。翅片部分36和38可以包括栅栏形状,可能打褶、呈平面,可能包括多个插槽或孔,可能形成弯折来为外部加热装置或冷却装置提供热接口平面,包括但不限于加热垫和/或冷却单元。翅片部分36和38为冷却或加热提供表面区域,液体、固体或气体等媒介可引至翅片部分36和38。板34上有多个插槽43,板34的侧边46有半圆形缺口构造44,用于接收伸出的杆48(见图7),从而将电池固定单元30互连,形成电池组12。
图4至图7显示了电池固定单元的框组件。框组件包括第一组内框50和52,它们固定夹在其间的板34;第二组外框54和56用于固定电池16。电池之一16固定在内框之一50和外框之一54之间。另一内框52和外框56固定夹在两者之间的另一电池16(见图6)。
如图4所示,内框之一50上有外围边缘58和侧壁60和62(见图6)。侧壁之一62包含一对引脚64和66,用于啮合电池16的弯折22或24。内框50上有多个孔或内凹连接器(未显示)。多个外凸连接器或挂钩70形成,从内框50(见图2)的外围边缘58伸出。挂钩70向相反的方向伸出,远离板34。多个螺栓72从内框50中与挂钩70相反的方向伸出,与另一内框52以及夹在其间的板34机械啮合。
如图6所示,另一内框52表示与内框52的配置类似的配置。内框52包括外围边缘80和侧壁82。侧壁之一82还可能包含一对引脚(未显示),用于啮合电池16的弯折22或24。内框52上有多个孔或内凹连接器86。多个外凸连接器或挂钩88形成,从框50的外围边缘58伸出。挂钩88向外伸出,垂直于板34。多个螺栓89从内框52中与挂钩88相反的方向伸出,与内框50以及夹在其间的板34机械啮合。框50和52由高分子材料制成。
如图6所示,外框之一54上有外围边缘90和侧壁92,分别有断流器部分,其尺寸配置为啮合弯折22和/或24。框54上包含多个孔或内凹连接器100。多个内凹连接器102在外围边缘90上形成,以在钩扣接口上啮合从内框50伸出的挂钩70,从而固定其间的方形蓄电池之一16。外框54和内框50上有开口,用于包住电池16的突出部分104,并夹住电池16的外围边缘部分106。每个电池16的突出部分之一104与板34摩擦啮合,而另一突出部分104则与另一电池16的突出部分104摩擦啮合,该电池由邻近的电池固定单元固定,如图7所示。
如图7所示,有一种装置或一层非坚硬高分子材料110,夹在方形蓄电池16的突出部分104之间。该层材料最好是聚酯型聚氨酯泡沫。装置110大体上覆盖方形蓄电池16的突出部分104。或者,装置110夹在电池16的外围边缘部分106与上框54之间,以用电池固定单元30固定装置110。由于电池固定单元30相互组装来形成电池组12,一个电池固定单元30的电池16置于邻近电池固定单元30的电池16附近,由此装置110夹在方形蓄电池16之间。装置110允许在典型的充电和放电状态下扩展和收缩方形蓄电池16,从而让电池16保持与散热片34的密切接触,达到电池组12和/或电池组件10内部的高效传热。
另一外框56上有外围边缘112和侧壁114和116,分别代表断流器部分118和120,其尺寸配置为啮合弯折22和/或24。框56上包含多个孔或内凹连接器122。多个连接器124在外围边缘112上形成,以啮合从内框52伸出的挂钩88以固定方形蓄电池之一16,从而使钩扣88可卡入连接器124。外框56和内框52上有开口,用于包住电池16的突出部分104,并夹住电池16的外围边缘部分106。
方形蓄电池16的突出部分之一104与板34摩擦啮合,而另一突出部分104则与另一电池16的突出部分104摩擦啮合,该电池由邻近的电池固定单元固定,如图7所示。外框54和56由高分子材料制成。
如图8至10所示,电池组12装于盘状容器或托盘中,一概标记为200(见图10)。盘状容器200由底面平底组件或车的其他部件支撑固定(未显示)。盘状容器有一个底座202和多个由底座延伸出的侧壁(图10中只显示了两个侧壁204和206)。侧壁204通常可垂直于底座202或稍微倾斜。侧壁204和206均有外围边缘208伸出。侧壁204和206延伸方向与桥架平行,桥架以210表示。边缘208包括多个第一锁紧单元,如舌片(未显示)。锁紧单元从电池组12伸出,将电池组12固定在盘状容器200内。
根据上文,桥架210在侧壁间伸出,桥架210将盘状容器200分为两部分230和232,用于盛装多个电池组12。桥架210有多个槽(未显示),可以让液体流入电池组12,电池组有盖子部分240,其上有入口242和槽244上的出口。阀门装置(仅显示一个,在图9和图10中标记为250)置于盘状容器200的底座,位于侧壁之间。
第一个和第二个支架(仅显示一个,显示为260)和侧壁204为整体,从侧壁伸出。每个支架260包括连接至偏转单元的气流截止阀门部件270,阀门270可根据组件压力打开或关闭。
虽然本发明参照优选案例介绍,然而精通该领域的技术人员明白,可以对本发明进行许多更改,并用等同物替代其中的许多单元,而不会偏离本发明的范围。此外,可以根据具体情况或为适应特定材料对此发明进行许多修改,而不会偏离本发明的基本范围。因此,本发明并不限于所公布的特定实施案例,本发明范围将由随附权利要求确定。
Claims (17)
1.一种电池组件,包括:
盛装电池的外壳;
盛装在所述外壳中的多个电池组,每个所述电池组备有多个电池,电池组有盖子部分封装,其中至少一个电池固定单元从两个方形蓄电池之间伸出且具有一对机械装置,其中一个所述机械装置和其中一个所述方形蓄电池机械啮合,另一个所述机械装置和另一个所述方形蓄电池机械啮合,从而将所述方形蓄电池和所述电池固定单元锁紧,并使所述至少一个所述电池固定单元和所述方形蓄电池之间形成接触,通过所述至少一个电池固定单元来控制所述方形蓄电池的温度,且所述至少一个电池固定单元包括由至少一种导热材料制成的板,所述板在所述两个方形蓄电池之间延伸;
所述电池外壳内至少有一个入口端口有液体流通系统,用于接收导入所述外壳的液体,液体通过所述盖子部分的入口端口进入所述电池组,所述电池外壳至少有一个出口端口使液体能流出所述外壳,由于液体从所述入口端口进入所述电池外壳,之后从出口端口流出,因此液体通过带走热量达到控制温度的目标。
2.如权利要求1所述的电池组件,其特征是,所述外壳包括底部和顶部,所述底部由桥架分隔为两部分。
3.如权利要求2所述的电池组件,其特征是,每个所述出口端口位于槽上。
4.如权利要求3所述的电池组件,其特征是,每个所述电池为方形蓄电池。
5.如权利要求4所述的电池组件,其特征是,每个所述电池为锂离子电池。
6.如权利要求1所述的电池组件,其特征是,第一个框组上有至少一个电池固定单元,所述的板夹在所述第一个框组之间。
7.如权利要求6所述的电池组件,其特征是,第一个框组每个框包括外围边缘,多个外凸连接器从第一个框组每个框伸出,所述第一个框组每个框有多个内凹连接器。
8.如权利要求7所述的电池组件,其特征是,所述第一个框组每个框有至少一个引脚伸出,和第一个框组另一框的内凹连接器机械啮合,使所述的板夹在第一框组之间。
9.如权利要求8所述的电池组件,其特征是,所述第一个框组由至少一种高分子或非高分子材料制成。
10.如权利要求9所述的电池组件,其特征是,每个所述方形蓄电池有突出部分伸向外围边缘部分、正极、负极。
11.如权利要求10所述的电池组件,其特征是,所述第一个框组每个框有一对螺栓从所述外围边缘伸出,啮合所述正极和负极之一。
12.如权利要求11所述的电池组件,其特征是,所述至少一个电池固定单元位于第二个框组上。
13.如权利要求12所述的电池组件,其特征是,所述第二个框组的每个框均包括外围边缘和多个内凹连接器。
14.如权利要求13所述的电池组件,其特征是,第二个框组每个框均分别与所述第一个框组的框机械啮合,从而固定两个方形蓄电池,所述的板与每个所述的方形蓄电池的突出部分啮合。
15.如权利要求14所述的电池组件,其特征是,第二个框组每个框由至少一种高分子或非高分子材料制成。
16.如权利要求15所述的电池组件,其特征是,包括一种夹在每个所述电池固定单元之间的装置,该装置允许充电和放电状态下方形蓄电池进行扩展和收缩,由此方形蓄电池与散热片保持密切接触,实现高效传热。
17.如权利要求16所述的电池组件,其特征是,所述装置位于一层可延展的材料上,该材料大体覆盖每个所述方形蓄电池的突出部分。
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- 2008-12-05 JP JP2010536944A patent/JP2011507159A/ja active Pending
- 2008-12-05 US US12/746,689 patent/US8883342B2/en active Active
- 2008-12-05 EP EP08857397A patent/EP2225792A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-12-05 WO PCT/US2008/013451 patent/WO2009073225A1/en active Application Filing
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US11757142B2 (en) | 2023-09-12 |
JP2011507159A (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
EP2225792A4 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
KR20100095457A (ko) | 2010-08-30 |
EP2225792A1 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
US20100273042A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
US20150024246A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
US8883342B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 |
US20190207276A1 (en) | 2019-07-04 |
CN101904042A (zh) | 2010-12-01 |
US10141616B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 |
WO2009073225A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
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