CN101903528A - 使用烯醇还原酶酶促还原α-和β-脱氢氨基酸的方法 - Google Patents
使用烯醇还原酶酶促还原α-和β-脱氢氨基酸的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
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Abstract
Description
本发明涉及用于通式(1)和(2)的α-和β-脱氢氨基酸的酶促还原的方法。
本发明的目的
本发明的目的是提供用于通式(3)和(4)的化合物的酶促制备的方法,特别地具有高化学产率和非常好的立体选择性的方法。
发明概述
上述目的已通过使用还原酶YqjM、OPR1、OPR3和其功能等价物还原通式(1)和(2)的α-脱氢氨基酸来实现。
发明详述
本发明涉及用于通过在还原酶存在的情况下还原式(1)或(2)的化合物来从通式(1)或(2)的α-脱氢氨基酸酶促制备通式(3)或(4)的氨基酸的方法
其中R1、R2彼此独立地是H、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、任选地取代的碳或杂环、芳香或非芳香基,或烷基芳基或羧基(-COOR),
R3是H、甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、苄基、苄氧羰基、BOC、Alloc,
R是H、C1-C6烷基、芳基,
所述还原酶:
包含多肽序列SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6中的至少一个,或
具有功能上等价的多肽序列,所述序列具有与SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6至少80%的序列同一性。
本发明的方法原则上可用纯化的或富集的酶本身和用天然或重组地表达该酶的微生物或用来源于其的细胞匀浆来进行。
除非另外指出,否则含义是:
-C1-C6-烷基特别地是甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基或己基,和分支1次或多次的相应类似物,例如,异-丙基、异-丁基、仲-丁基、叔-丁基、异-戊基或新戊基,特别优选是所述C1-C4-烷基;
-C2-C6-链烯基特别地是上述具有2至6个碳原子的烷基的单不饱和类似物,特别地优选是相应的C2-C4-链烯基。
-碳-和杂环芳香或非芳香环特别是具有3至12个碳原子和任选地1至4个杂原子例如N、S和O,特别是N或O的任选的稠环。可提及的其实例是环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、其单不饱和或多不饱和类似物例如环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环己烯基、环庚烯基、环己二烯基、环庚二烯基(cycloheptadienyl);苯基和萘基;和具有1至4个选自O、N和S的杂原子的5-至7-元饱和或不饱和杂环基,其中杂环可任选地融合至另外的杂环或碳环。特别地应当提及来源于吡咯烷、四氢呋喃、哌啶、吗啉、吡咯、呋喃、噻吩、吡唑、咪唑、噁唑、噻唑、吡啶、吡喃、嘧啶、哒嗪、吡嗪、香豆酮、吲哚和喹啉的杂环基。不仅是环基(cyclic radical),而且还有上述烷基和链烯基,可任选地被取代1次或多次,例如1、2或3次。应当提及作为合适的取代基的实例是:卤素,特别地F、Cl、Br;-OH、-SH、-NO2、-NH3、-SO3H、C1-C4-烷基和C2-C4-链烯基、C1-C4-烷氧基;和羟基-C1-C4-烷基;其中烷基和链烯基是如上所定义的,并且烷氧基来源于上文定义的相应烷基。
-BOC是叔丁氧羰基(保护)基团
-Alloc是烯丙氧基羰基(保护)基团
上文所列的环基可以是碳环(即环只由碳原子组成)和杂环(即环包含杂原子例如O、S、N)。需要时,还可对此类碳环或杂环进行额外地取代。
脱氢丙氨酸和脱氢天冬氨酸的酶促还原是本发明的特别有利的实施方案。
适合用于本发明的方法的还原酶(其偶尔也称为烯醇还原酶)具有SEQID NO:1、2或3中显示的多肽序列或具有与SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5或6至少80%,例如至少90%、或至少95%,特别地至少97%、98%或99%的序列同一性。
具有SEQ ID NO:1的多肽称为来自枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)的YqjM。(UniprotKB/Swissprot条目P54550).
具有SEQ ID NO:2的多肽由蕃茄OPR1基因编码。(UniprotKB/Swissprot条目Q9XG54).
具有SEQ ID NO:3的多肽由蕃茄OYPR3基因编码。(UniprotKB/Swissprot条目Q9FEW9).
具有SEQ ID NO:4的多肽称为卡尔斯伯酵母(Saccharomycescarlsbergensis)OYE1(Genbank Q02899)。
具有SEQ ID NO:5的多肽由来自面包酵母的OYE2基因编码(酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)基因座YHR179W)(Genbank Q03558)。
具有SEQ ID NO:6的多肽由来自面包酵母的OYE3基因编码(酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)基因座YPL171C)(Genbank P 41816)。
为了本文中描述的目的,将使用University of Wisconsin的GeneticsComputer Group(GCG)的“GAP”计算机程序确定序列同一性,并且将应用使用由GCG推荐的标准参数的版本10.3。
可通过本领域技术人员已知的靶向或随机诱变方法从SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6开始获得此类还原酶。然而,备选可能性则是也在微生物中,优选下列属的微生物中搜寻还原酶:交替单胞茵属(Alishewanella)、交替球菌属(Alterococcus)、Aquamonas、Aranicola、杀雄菌属(Arsenophonus)、Azotivirga、布赫纳氏菌属(Brenneria)、蚜虫内共生菌(Buchnera)(蚜虫(aphid)内共生菌(P-endosymbionts))、水生布戴约维采菌(Budvicia)、布丘氏菌属(Buttiauxella)、CandidatusPhlomobacter、西地西菌属(Cedecea)、柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)、Dickeya、爱德华氏菌属(Edwardsiella)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)、埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)、爱文氏菌属(Ewingella)、Grimontella、Hafnia、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、克吕沃尔菌属(Kiuyvera)、勒克菌属(Leclercia)、勒米诺氏菌属(Leminorella)、米勒菌属(Moellerella)、摩根菌属(Morganella)、肥杆菌属(Obesumbacterium)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、果胶杆菌属(Pectobacterium)、发光杆菌属(Photorhabdus)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)、布拉格菌属(Pragia)、变形杆菌属(Proteus)、普罗威登斯菌属(Providencia)、拉恩菌属(Rahnella)、劳尔特氏菌属(Raoultella)、沙门氏菌属(Salmonella)、沙门氏菌属(Samsonia)、沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)、志贺菌属(Shigella)、Sodalis、塔特姆菌属(Tatumella)、特布尔西氏菌属(Trabulsiella)、Wigglesworthia、致病杆菌属(Xenorhabdus)、耶尔辛氏菌属(Yersinia)、约克菌属(Yokenella)或发酵单胞菌属(Zymomonas),所述还原酶催化上述模型反应并且其氨基酸序列已具有所需的对SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4、5、6的序列同一性或通过诱变方法获得。
还原酶可以以纯化的或部分纯化的形式或以微生物本身的形式使用。用于从微生物获得和纯化脱氢酶的方法对于本领域技术人员来说是熟知的。
使用还原酶进行的对映选择性还原(enantioselective reduction)优选在适当的辅因子(也称为协同底物)存在的情况下发生。通常用于酮的还原的辅因子是NADH和/或NADPH。还原酶此外还可作为本身包含辅因子的细胞系统使用,或可加入备选的氧化还原介体(A.Schmidt,F.Hollmann和B.Bühler“Oxidation of Alcohols”于K.Drauz和H.Waldmann,Enzyme Catalysis in Organic Synthesis 2002,第III卷,991-1032,Wiley-VCH,Weinheim)。
此外,使用还原酶进行的对映选择性还原优选地在合适的还原剂存在下发生,所述还原剂在还原过程中再生被氧化的辅因子。合适的还原剂的实例是糖,特别地己糖例如葡萄糖、甘露糖、果糖和/或可氧化的醇,特别地乙醇、丙醇或异丙醇,以及甲酸、亚磷酸或分子氢。为了氧化该还原剂,并且与之相伴地,再生辅酶,可以加入第二脱氢酶例如,葡萄糖脱氢酶(当葡萄糖用作还原剂时)或甲酸脱氢酶(当甲酸用作还原剂时)。这可以以游离或固定化酶的形式,或以游离或固定化细胞的形式使用。可分开地或通过在(重组)还原酶菌株中共表达来进行其制备。
所主张的方法的优选实施方案是通过酶系统再生辅因子,在所述酶系统中使用第二脱氢酶,特别优选葡萄糖脱氢酶。
还可进一步有利地加入另外的促进还原的添加剂,例如金属盐或螯合剂例如EDTA。
根据本发明使用的还原酶可以以游离或固定化的形式使用。固定化酶意指被固定在惰性载体上的酶。合适的载体材料和固定在其上的酶公开于EP-A-1149849、EP-A-1 069 183和DE-A 100193773,以及其中引用的参考资料中。在这一点上,此类公开案的公开内容以其全文通过引用合并入本文。合适的载体材料包括例如粘土、粘土矿物例如高岭石、硅藻土、珍珠岩、二氧化硅、氧化铝、碳酸钠、碳酸钙、纤维素粉、阴离子交换剂材料(anion exchanger material)、合成聚合物例如聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸树脂类、苯酚-甲醛树脂、聚氨基甲酸酯类和聚烯烃例如聚乙烯和聚丙烯。载体材料通常以精细分离的颗粒形式(优选多孔形式)用于制备载体结合酶。载体材料的颗粒大小通常不超过5mm,特别地不超过2mm(分级曲线(grading curve))。类似地可以在作为全细胞(whole-cel1)催化剂的脱氢酶的使用上选择游离或固定化形式。载体材料的实例是藻酸钙和角叉菜胶。还可将酶和细胞用戊二醛直接交联(交联以产生CLEA)。相应的和另外的固定方法描述于例如J.Lalonde和A.Margolin“Immobilization ofEnzymes”于K.Drauz和H.Waldmann,Enzyme Catalysis in OrganicSynthesis 2002,第III卷,991-1032,Wiley-VCH,Weinheim中。
可在水性或非水性反应介质中或在2相系统或(微)乳剂中进行反应。水性反应介质优选是通常具有4至8,优选5至8的pH的缓冲溶液。除了水以外,水性溶剂还可以额外地包含至少一种醇,例如乙醇或异丙醇或二甲基亚砜。
非水性反应介质意指包含按重量计算(基于液体反应介质的总重量)低于1%,优选按重量计算低于0.5%的水的反应介质。可以特别地在有机溶剂中进行反应。
合适的有机溶剂是例如脂肪族烃,优选具有5至8个碳原子的脂肪族烃,例如戊烷、环戊烷、己烷、环己烷、庚烷、辛烷或环辛烷、卤代脂肪族烃,优选具有1或2个碳原子,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯甲烷、二氯乙烷或四氯乙烷、芳香烃类例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯类、氯苯或二氯苯、脂肪族非环和环状的醚或醇,优选具有4至8个碳原子,例如乙醇、异丙醇、二乙醚、甲基三丁基乙醚、乙基叔丁醚、二丙醚、二异丙醚、二丁醚、四氢呋喃或酯类,例如乙酸乙酯或乙酸正丁酯,或酮类,例如甲基异丁基甲酮或二噁烷或其混合物。特别优选使用上述醚,特别是四氢呋喃。
可以例如在水性有机反应介质,例如以任何混合比例(例如1∶99至99∶1或10∶90至90∶10)配制的水/异丙醇中,或水性反应介质中进行使用还原酶的还原。
底物(1)或(2)优选以0.1g/l至500g/l,特别优选1g/1至50g/1的浓度用于酶促还原,并且可连续或间断地进料。
底物(1)或(2)可以以E/Z混合物和同分异构上纯的形式使用。
酶促还原通常在低于使用的还原酶的失活温度和高于-10℃的反应温度下发生。其特别优选在0至100℃,特别地,15至60℃和特别地20至40℃的范围内,例如在大约30℃。
可能的方法例如是例如通过搅拌或摇动将底物(1)或(2)与还原酶、溶剂和辅酶(如果适当)、第二脱氢酶(如果适当)(以再生辅酶)和/或另外的还原剂充分混合。然而,还可以将还原酶固定在反应器例如柱中,和将包含底物和辅酶(如果适当)和/或协同底物的混合物通过反应器。为了该目的,可以将混合物循环通过反应器直至达到期望的转化。
通常进行还原直至转化为至少70%,特别优选至少85%和特别地至少95%(基于存在于混合物中的底物)。反应的进展,即双键的相继还原后在此处可进行常规方法例如气相色谱或高压液相色谱进行。
明确公开的酶的“功能等价物”或类似物在本发明的说明书中是与其不同并且仍然具有期望的生物学活性例如底物特异性的多肽。因此,“功能等价物”意指例如催化模型反应并且具有包含SEQ ID NO:1、2或3下所列的氨基酸序列之一的酶的活性至少20%,优选50%,特别优选75%,非常特别优选90%的酶。功能等价物另外优选在pH 4至10之间是稳定的并且有利地具有pH 5至8之间的最适pH和20℃至80℃范围内的最适温度。
根据本发明“功能等价物”还特别地指在上述氨基酸序列的至少一个序列位点上具有与具体提及的氨基酸不同的氨基酸,但却具有上述生物学活性之一的突变体。“功能等价物”因此包括可通过一个或多个氨基酸的添加、置换、缺失和/或倒位(inversions)获得的突变体,所述修饰可在任何序列位点上发生,只要它们导致具有根据本发明的性质谱的突变体。特别地当反应性模式在性质上于突变体和未修饰多肽之间一致时,即例如以不同的速率转化相同的底物,功能等价性也存在。
合适的氨基酸取代的实例见于下表:
原始残基 取代实例
Ala Ser
Arg Lys
Asn Gln;His
Asp Glu
Cys Ser
Gln Asn
Glu Asp
Gly Pro
His Asn;Gln
Ile Leu;Val
Leu Ile;Val
Lys Arg;Gln;Glu
Met Leu;Ile
Phe Met;Leu;Tyr
Ser Thr
Thr Ser
Trp Tyr
Tyr Trp;Phe
Val Ile;Leu
上述意义上的“功能等价物”也是所述多肽的“前体”和“功能衍生物”。
在这一点上,“前体”是具有或不具有期望的生物学活性的、天然或合成的多肽的前体。
同样可借助于已知的技术在功能性氨基酸侧链基上或在它们的N-或C-末端上制备本发明的多肽的“功能衍生物”。此类衍生物包括例如,羧酸基团的脂肪簇酯、可通过与氨或与伯胺或仲胺反应获得的羧酸基团的酰胺;通过与酰基反应制备的游离氨基的N-酰基衍生物;或通过与酰基反应制备的游离羟基的O-酰基衍生物。
在其中蛋白质糖基化是可能的情况下,本发明的“功能等价物”包括以去糖基化或糖基化形式和可通过改变糖基化模式获得的修饰形式存在的上述指定的类型的蛋白质。
“功能等价物”当然也包括可从其他生物获得的多肽和天然发生的变体。例如,可以通过序列的比较确定同源序列区域的范围,和基于本发明的特殊需求确定等价酶。
“功能等价物”同样地包括本发明的多肽的片段,优选个体结构域或序列基序,其具有例如期望的生物学功能。
此外“功能等同物”是融合蛋白,所述融合蛋白包含一个上述多肽序列或来源于其的功能等价物和至少一个另外的异源序列,所述另外的异源序列在其功能性N或C末端连接上与其不同(即具有融合蛋白的部分的可忽略的相互功能性缺损)。此类异源序列的非限定性实例是例如信号肽或酶。
本发明的蛋白质的同源物可通过筛选突变体(例如截短突变体)的组合文库来鉴定。例如,可通过例如通过合成的寡核苷酸的混合物的酶促连接在核酸水平上进行组合诱变来产生蛋白质变体的多样化文库。存在许多可用于从简并寡核苷酸序列制备潜在同源物的文库的方法。可在自动DNA合成仪上进行简并基因序列的化学合成,然后将合成的基因连接入合适的表达载体。一组简并基因的使用使得可以在一个混合物中提供编码期望的潜在蛋白质序列组的所有序列。用于合成简并寡核苷酸的方法对于本领域技术人员来说是已知(例如Narang,S.A.(1983)Tetrahedron 39:3;Itakura等人(1984)Annu.Rev.Biochem.53:323;Itakura等人,(1984)Science 198:1056;Ike等人(1983)Nucleic Acids Res.11:477)。
用于筛选通过点突变或截短制备的组合文库的基因产物和用于筛选具有选择的特性的基因产物的cDNA文库的几种技术在现有技术中是已知的。此类技术可适合于快速筛选通过本发明的同源物的组合诱变产生的基因文库。用于筛选大基因文库的最常用技术(用于高通量分析)包括将基因文库克隆入可复制表达载体,用所得的载体文库转化合适的细胞,然后在这样的条件下(在所述条件下期望的活性的检测促进分离编码其产物已被检测到的基因的载体)表达组合基因。可将递归集合诱变(Recursiveensemble mutagenesis)(REM)(增加文库中功能性突变体的频率的技术)与筛选检测一起使用来鉴定同源物(Arkin和Yourvan(1992)PNAS89:7811-7815;Delgrave等人.(1993)Protein Engineering6(3):327-331)。
本发明还涉及编码具有根据本发明的还原酶活性的酶的核酸序列(单链和双链DNA和RNA序列例如cDNA和mRNA)。编码例如SEQ ID NO:1、2或3中显示的氨基酸序列的核酸序列或其特征部分序列是优选的。
以本身已知的方式通过化学合成例如通过双螺旋的个体交叠的互补核酸构建块(building block)的片段缩合(fragment condensation)从核苷酸构建块制备本文中提及的所有核酸序列。可以以例如已知的方式通过亚磷酰胺法(Voet,Voet,第2版,Wiley Press New York,896-897页)进行寡核苷酸的化学合成。合成寡核苷酸的添加和使用DNA聚合酶Klenow片段进行的缺口填充和连接反应以及一般克隆方法描述于Sambrook等人(1989),Molecular Cloning:A laboratory manual,Cold Spring HarborLaboratory Press中。
用于进行本发明的酶促还原法的另外的实施方案:
本发明的方法中的pH最好保持在pH 4至12之间,优选pH 4.5至9之间,特别优选pH 5至8之间。得到最小的98%ee。
对于本发明的方法可使用包含编码还原酶的核酸、核酸构建体或载体的生长细胞。还可使用静息或破裂的细胞。破裂的细胞意指例如通过用例如溶剂处理使其可通透的细胞,或通过酶处理,通过机械处理(例如,弗细胞压碎或超声)或通过任何其他方法破裂的细胞。由此获得的粗制提取物有利地适合于本发明的方法。还可将纯化的或部分纯化的酶用于该方法。固定的微生物或酶同样是适合的并且可有利地用于反应。
可通过分批发酵法、半分批发酵法或连续地进行本发明的方法。
可在例如Biotechnology,第3卷,第2版,Rehm等人编(1993)特别地第II章中描述的生物反应器中有利地进行所述方法。
可利用本领域技术人员熟悉的方法从反应介质中分离在本发明的方法中制备的产物以及如果期望,纯化所述产物。所述方法包括蒸馏法、色谱法、提取法和结晶法。依需要,可通过组合多个此类方法将产物纯化至显著更高的水平。
下列实施例意欲举例说明本发明,然而不对其进行限定。在这一点上参考附图。
实验部分
关于不对称生物还原的一般方案
按照下列一般方案,使用分离的酶YqjM、OPR1、OPR3和运动发酵单胞菌(Zymomonas mobilis)还原酶进行底物的不对称生物还原。
向具有辅因子NADH或NADPH(15mM)的Tris缓冲液,50mM pH 7.5(0.8ml)中的底物(5mM)的溶液中加入酶制剂(100-200μg),然后在30℃下在摇动(140rpm)的情况下进行反应。48小时后,使用乙酸乙酯提取反应混合物,通过GC(气相色谱)分析产物
当使用辅因子再循环系统时选择下列方法:
NADH/FDH系统
向Tris缓冲液50mM pH 7.5(0.8ml)中的氧化的辅因子NAD+(100μM)、甲酸铵(20mM)的底物(5mM)的混合物中,加入FDH(10u),在加入酶(100-200μg)之后,在30℃(140rpm)下进行反应,进行48小时。
NADH/GDH
向Tris缓冲液50mM pH 7.5(0.8ml)中的氧化的辅因子NADP+(100μM)、葡萄糖(20mM)的底物(5mM)的混合物中,加入(D)-GDH(10u),在加入酶(100-200μg)之后,在30℃(140rpm)下进行反应,进行48小时。
NADPH/G6PDH
向Tris缓冲液50mM pH 7.5(0.8ml)中的氧化的辅因子NADP+(10μM)、葡萄糖-6磷酸(20mM)的底物(5mM)的混合物中,加入G6PDH(10u),在加入酶(100-200μg)之后,在30℃(140rpm)下进行反应,进行48小时。
ADH
向含有底物2-乙酰氨基丙烯酸盐/酯(5mM)、协同底物2-丙醇(3-60mM、0.6-12mol等价物)和氧化的辅因子NAD+(100μM)的Tris-HCl-缓冲溶液(0.8ml,50mM,pH 7.5)中加入OPR1的等份。加入ADH-A(大约2-3U),以120rpm在30℃下搅拌混合物42小时。用乙酸乙酯(2x0.5ml)提取产物,在Na2SO4上方干燥组合的有机相,通过非手性GC分析获得的样品。
在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)(载体pETv22b)中表达ADH_A。在65℃下热休克20分钟后,在无任何进一步纯化的情况下使用ADH溶液。
向含有底物2-乙酰氨基丙烯酸酯/盐(5mM)和辅因子NADH或NADPH(10mM)的Tris-HCl-缓冲溶液(0.8ml,50mM,pH 7.5)中加入分离的酶的等份。以120rpm在30℃下搅拌反应混合物64小时。用乙酸乙酯(2x0.5ml)提取产物,在Na2SO4上方干燥组合的有机相,通过非手性GC分析获得的样品。
通过共注射入GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱联用仪)和非手性GC将产物与可靠的独立合成的标准物质相比较来鉴定所述产物。使用6%氰丙基苯基相毛细管柱(Varian CP-1301,30m,0.25mm,0.25μm)、检测器温度240℃、注射器温度250℃、分流比30∶1来测定转化。用于2-乙酰氨基丙烯酸甲酯和N-乙酰基-丙氨酸甲酯的温度程序:120℃下进行2分钟,10℃/分钟至160℃,30℃/分钟至200℃,持续2分钟。保留时间:4.89分钟和5.12分钟。
使用改良的环糊精毛细管柱(B-TA,40m,0.25mm)测定对映体过量。检测品温度200℃,注射器温度180℃,分流比20∶1。温度程序:130℃下进行5分钟,2℃/分钟至135℃,15℃/分钟至180℃,持续2分钟。保留时间:(R/S)-和(S/R)-各自5.18和5.35分钟。绝对构型是通过与可信样品相比较鉴定的“S”。
表3
使用Varian 3800气相色谱仪,以H2为载气(14.5psi)进行GC-FID分析。
序列表
<110>巴斯夫欧洲公司
<120>使用烯醇还原酶酶促还原α-和β-脱氢氨基酸的方法
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Claims (10)
2.权利要求1中的方法,其中使用NADPH或NADH作为辅因子进行还原。
3.权利要求2中的方法,其中所使用的辅因子是酶促再生的。
4.权利要求3中的方法,其中通过葡萄糖脱氢酶或甲酸脱氢酶或仲醇再生辅因子。
5.前述权利要求的任一项中所述的方法,其中在水性、水性-醇或醇反应介质中进行还原。
6.前述权利要求的任一项中所述的方法,其还原酶以固定状态存在。
7.前述权利要求的任一项中所述的方法,其中酶选自枯草杆菌还原酶和番茄(Lycopers icum esculentum)还原酶。
8.前述权利要求的任一项中所述的方法,其中使式(1)的化合物反应,其中
R1是H,R2是H,R3是乙酰基。
9.前述权利要求的任一项中所述的方法,其中在0至45℃的范围内的温度下和/或在6至8的范围内的pH下进行反应。
10.由前述权利要求的任一项中所述的方法制备的式(3)或(4)的化合物作为化学或酶促活性剂合成的中间体的用途。
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Title |
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HALL ET AL: "Asymmetric Bioreduction of Activated Alkenes Using Cloned 12-Oxophytodienoate Reductase Isoenzymes OPR-1 and OPR-3 from Lycopersicon esculentum(Tomato): A striking Changes of Stereoselectivity", 《ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE INTERNATIONAL EDITION》 * |
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Application publication date: 20101201 |