CN101848822A - 蓄电池充电系统 - Google Patents

蓄电池充电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101848822A
CN101848822A CN200880113569A CN200880113569A CN101848822A CN 101848822 A CN101848822 A CN 101848822A CN 200880113569 A CN200880113569 A CN 200880113569A CN 200880113569 A CN200880113569 A CN 200880113569A CN 101848822 A CN101848822 A CN 101848822A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
battery
vehicle
battery module
module
battery system
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Pending
Application number
CN200880113569A
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English (en)
Inventor
M·塔格西克哈尼
L·L·莫林
J·G·梅基
D·J·麦卡锡
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Clarios Advanced Solutions LLC
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Johnson Controls SAFT Advanced Power Solutions LLC
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Application filed by Johnson Controls SAFT Advanced Power Solutions LLC filed Critical Johnson Controls SAFT Advanced Power Solutions LLC
Publication of CN101848822A publication Critical patent/CN101848822A/zh
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    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L3/0046Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • H01M10/488Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density
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Abstract

用于车辆的蓄电池系统,该车辆自包括多个可充电电化电池的蓄电池模块接收至少一部分动力。该系统包括车辆模块,该车辆模块包括可配置成连接外部充电设备的一部分的第一元件和可配置成提供与车辆蓄电池系统的充电状况相关的可见信号的第二元件。该第二元件设定在接近外部充电设备连接到第一元件的位置,并且当外部充电设备连接到第一元件时是可见的。

Description

蓄电池充电系统
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2007年9月7日提交的第60/970,853号美国临时专利申请的优先权和权益。2007年9月7日提交的第60/970,853号美国临时专利申请和2007年1月5日提交的第60/878,766号美国临时专利申请的完整公开以引用的方式结合于本文中。
技术领域
本申请一般地涉及蓄电池和蓄电池系统领域。更具体地,本申请涉及可用于车辆应用中以为车辆提供至少一部分动力的蓄电池和蓄电池系统。
背景技术
与使用内燃机的更传统的气动车辆相比,以电力作为动力的全部或一部分的车辆(例如,电动车辆(EV)、混合动力电动车辆(HEV)、外接充电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)等等,统称为“电动车辆”)可提供许多优点。例如,相比较使用内燃机的车辆而言,电动车辆可产生更少的非理想排放,并可体现更大的燃料效率(并且在某些情况下,这种车辆可完全消除使用汽油,如某些类型的PHEV)。
随着电动车辆技术持续地演变,需要为这种车辆提供改良的电源(例如,蓄电池系统或模块)。例如,需要增大这种车辆在无需给蓄电池再充电的情况下的运行距离。也需要改善这种蓄电池的性能和减少与蓄电池系统相关的成本。
持续发展的一个改良领域是在蓄电池化学领域。早期的电动车辆系统以镍氢(NiMH)蓄电池作为驱动源。随着时间的过去,不同的添加物和修改提高了NiMH蓄电池的性能、可靠性和效用。
最近,制造商开始开发可在电动车辆中使用的锂离子蓄电池。在车辆应用中使用锂离子蓄电池具有若干相关的优点。例如,锂离子蓄电池具有比NiMH蓄电池更高的电荷密度和功率系数。换句话说,锂离子蓄电池在存储相同电荷量的情况下可比NiMH蓄电池更小,这就考虑了电动车辆中的重量和空间节约(或者,可备选地,此特征可允许制造商在不增加车辆重量或被蓄电池系统所占空间的情况下为车辆提供更大的功率)。
通常已知的是,锂离子蓄电池以不同于NiMH蓄电池的方式执行,并可呈现不同于NiMH蓄电池技术所呈现的设计和工程挑战。例如,相比较NiMH蓄电池而言,锂离子蓄电池更易受蓄电池温度变化的影响,并因此可在车辆操作期间可用系统控制锂离子蓄电池的温度。锂离子蓄电池的制造也呈现仅存在于此蓄电池化学的挑战,并且正开发新的方法和系统以解决这种挑战。
发明内容
示例性实施例涉及用于车辆的蓄电池系统,该车辆自包括多个可充电电化电池的蓄电池模块接收至少一部分动力。该系统包括车辆模块,该车辆模块包括可配置成连接外部充电设备的一部分的第一元件和可配置成提供与车辆蓄电池系统的充电状况相关的可见信号的第二元件。该第二元件设定在接近外部充电设备连接到第一元件的位置,并且当外部充电设备连接到第一元件时是可见的。
示例性实施例涉及用于包括含有多个电化电池的蓄电池模块的外接充电式车辆的蓄电池系统。蓄电池充电器设定在车辆内并电联接到蓄电池模块。插塞式插座电联接到蓄电池充电器,该插座具有至少一个读出线和至少一个电源线。插塞式连接器可配置成插接在插塞式插座上,该连接器电联接到电源。
示例性实施例涉及用于电动车辆中的蓄电池模块,该电动车辆包括多个盘,所述盘构造成容纳设定在盘中的多个电化电池。多个盘包括多个孔,以引导热量管理流体通过蓄电池模块以便热调整电化电池。多个孔设定在邻近热量管理流体流入口的第一尺寸中和大于第一尺寸的邻近热量管理流体流出口的第二尺寸中,以在多个电化电池中提供相对均匀的热量调节。
附图说明
图1是根据示例性实施例的包括蓄电池系统的车辆的透视图;
图2是根据示例性实施例的混合动力电动车辆的示意性剖视图;
图3是根据示例性实施例的在图2中示出的包括蓄电池系统或模块的车辆的后行李箱区域的透视图;
图4是根据示例性实施例的图3的蓄电池模块的透视图;
图5是根据示例性实施例的图4的蓄电池模块的分解图;
图6是根据示例性实施例的沿线6-6剖取的图4的蓄电池模块的横断面视图;
图7-8是根据示例性实施例的用于图1的蓄电池系统的插塞式插座的透视图;
图9是根据示例性实施例的用于图1的蓄电池系统的插塞式连接器的俯视图;
图10是根据示例性实施例的用于图1的蓄电池系统的插塞式连接器的侧视图;
图11是根据示例性实施例的用于图1的蓄电池系统的插塞式连接器的透视图;
图12-13是根据示例性实施例的接合图1的蓄电池系统的插塞式插座的插塞式连接器的透视图;
图14是根据示例性实施例的蓄电池系统的一部分的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1是以汽车形式的车辆10的透视图,该车辆具有为车辆提供所有或一部分动力的蓄电池系统20。这种车辆10可以是电动车辆(EV)、混合动力电动车辆(HEV)、外接充电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)、或使用电力作为推进的其它类型车辆(共同称为“电动车辆”)。
尽管在图1中以汽车形式示出,车辆的类型可根据其它示例性实施例而不同,所有这些类型车辆意图落在本公开的范围内。例如,车辆10可以是货车、公共汽车、工业车辆、摩托车、休闲车、船、或可从使用电力作为所有或部分推动力中受益的任何其它类型的车辆。
图2图示了根据示例性实施例的以PHEV形式提供的车辆100的剖视图。蓄电池系统102设定在接近燃油箱104的车辆100的后部(蓄电池系统102可设定在紧靠燃油箱104的地方,或可设定在车辆100(例如,货车)的后部中的分隔部分中,或可设定在车辆100中的其它地方)。当车辆100使用汽油动力推动其自身时,通常使用内燃机106。电动机108、动力分配装置110、发电机112也作为车辆100的车辆传动系统部分提供。车辆100可仅通过蓄电池系统102、仅通过发动机106、或通过蓄电池系统102和发动机106提供动力或驱动。根据示例性实施例,车辆100进一步包括联接到蓄电池系统102和输入端116的蓄电池充电器114。车辆10可通过输入端116接收来自外部电源的电力,以便使用蓄电池充电器114给蓄电池系统102充电。
应当注意的是,可根据其它示例性实施例使用其它类型的车辆和用于车辆电气系统的配置,并且,应当认为图2的示意性图示不限制本申请所描述的主题内容。
根据不同的示例性实施例,在其它特征中,蓄电池系统或模块的大小、形状和位置、车辆的类型、车辆技术的类型(例如EV、HEV、PHEV等)和蓄电池化学,可不同于示出的或描述的实施例。
根据示例性实施例,蓄电池系统20将蓄电池组或蓄电池模块(例如图3-4中所示的组或模块30)连接到车辆10的其它部件(例如,车辆电气系统)。蓄电池系统20也监测和调节蓄电池模块30。例如,蓄电池系统20可包括对监测和控制模块的电气性能、管理模块的热行为、包含和/或路由流出液(例如,从蓄电池单元中排出的气体)的特征以及蓄电池模块的其它方面负责任的特征。
尽管蓄电池系统20在图1-3中示出为置于货车中或车辆10的后部,根据其它示例性实施例,蓄电池系统20的位置可以不同。例如,蓄电池系统20的位置可以基于车辆10内的可用空间、车辆10的期望重量平衡、随蓄电池系统20使用的其他部件(例如,蓄电池管理系统50、排气或冷却装置等)的位置和多种其它考虑进行选择。
参考图3和14,车辆10包括接收或包含蓄电池系统20的一个或多个组件的蓄电池室22(例如,托盘、容器、外壳或盘子)。蓄电池系统20包括蓄电池模块或蓄电池组30、蓄电池管理系统(BMS)50、一个或多个传感器56(例如,温度传感器、电压传感器等)、蓄电池充电器58和插塞式模块或设备60。根据示例性实施例,插塞式连接器80可连接到插塞式模块60以便将来自电源12(例如,外部电源)的电力提供给蓄电池系统20。根据示例性实施例,蓄电池室22设定在车辆10的后部货物或乘客区域的下面。盖26围绕蓄电池模块30和蓄电池室22内的蓄电池系统20的其它组件,一般地将组件与车辆10的货物或乘客区域隔离开。盖26可包括滑行装置、肋、突起、延伸部或其它结构特征以便增加盖26的附加强度。
参考图4-6,根据示例性实施例示出了蓄电池模块或蓄电池组30。蓄电池模块30包括多个电化电池或蓄电池40(例如,锂离子电池、镍氢电池、锂聚合物电池等、或现在已知的或此后开发的其它类型电化电池)。根据示例性实施例,电化电池40通常是可配置成存储电荷的圆柱形锂离子电池。根据其它示例性实施例,电池40可具有其它物理配置(例如,椭圆形、方形、多边形等)。电池40的容量、大小、设计和其它特征也不同于根据其它示例性实施例示出的那些。
使用以导电条38或类似元件的形式提供的连接器将各个电池40电连接到一个或多个其它电池40或蓄电池模块30的其它组件。
蓄电池模块30进一步包括具有托盘32或类似结构形式的多个元件或单元,以便相对于彼此保持和包含电池40。托盘32可由聚合材料或其它合适的材料(例如,电绝缘材料)制成。
尽管在图5中图示的是具有特定数目的电化电池40(例如,尽管许多电化电池单元40是部分模糊的,蓄电池系统20包括三组或三层以两层排列的电化电池40,各层包括11个电化电池40,总计66个电化电池40),应当注意的是,根据其它示例性实施例,根据多个考虑因素中的任何一个(例如,蓄电池系统20的期望功率、蓄电池模块30必须适配于其内的可用空间等),可使用不同数量和/或排列的电化电池40。
多个传感器56(例如,温度传感器)可设定在遍及蓄电池模块30的多个位置,以便检测电池40的温度。传感器56可配置成将温度数据传递给诸如BMS 50的另一个组件,以便监测和调整电池40。例如,BMS 50可监测各个电池40并且如果电池40出故障或即将出故障采取保护措施。对电池40的仔细监测和监督可防止电池40开孔,并在电池40到达正常的操作蓄电池温度和压力之后允许电池40恢复到普通的蓄电池活动。
传感器56可被放置使得蓄电池模块30中的各个电池40的温度读数不必为各个电池40提供温度传感器的情况下可通过BMS 50插入。根据示例性实施例,七个温度传感器56设定在托盘32的顶部,三个温度传感器设定在托盘32的中间(例如,在电池40的层之间),并且五个温度传感器设定在托盘32的底部。根据其它实施例,传感器的数量和/或位置可变化。
如图4所示,外壳41用来部分地或全部包围或装入电池40和托盘32。根据示例性实施例,外壳41是具有如图5所示的上部分或盖42和下部分或底部44的蚬壳式结构。上部外壳42可包括允许蓄电池模块30的内部被查看的一个或多个窗口或透明部分。根据其它示例性实施例,下部外壳44可以是与上部外壳42联接的底座。根据其它示例性实施例,外壳41可以是大体上包围或包含电池40的任何其它结构。
蓄电池室22、盖26、上部外壳42和下部外壳44可以由本领域中已知的任何多种多样的材料制成。例如,上部外壳42可包括用聚碳酸酯或另一种合适的透明材料构成的透明部分(如上所述)。蓄电池室22和盖26可用具有合适的结构完整性和刚性的诸如金属、塑料的任何材料以及诸如玻璃纤维增强塑料的复合材料构成。根据另一个示例性实施例,盖26可包括用聚碳酸脂或另一种合适的透明材料构成的透明部分。
根据示例性实施例,外壳41可包括如图3-5所示的断开特征46。断开特征46可配置成起蓄电池系统20的安全或锁定设备作用。根据示例性实施例,断开特征46必须从运行位置(如图3-4中所示)移动到检测位置(如图5中所示),以便上部外壳42自下部外壳44中移除。在允许接近蓄电池模块30的内部部件之前(例如,检修等),触发断开特征46关掉或断开蓄电池模块30的高压连接。将断开特征46返回到运行位置,以重新连接蓄电池模块30的高压连接并将蓄电池系统20返回到正常操作。
使电池40变暖或冷却的热量管理流体(例如,液体或例如是空气的气体)可提供给蓄电池系统20。根据示例性实施例,热量管理流体是通过开口120被吸进蓄电池室22的空气(例如,从外界环境、从车辆驾驶室或从外界环境和车辆驾驶室的组合)。诸如舌形阀的装置(未示出)可设定在开口120附近,以控制从外界环境或车辆驾驶室吸入的空气比例。
空气借助风扇124通过上部外壳42中的入口122被吸进蓄电池模块30。而如图5中示出,风扇124设定在蓄电池模块30的内部。根据其它示例性实施例,风扇124可设定在蓄电池模块30的外部,并可使空气通过管道进入蓄电池模块30。风扇124迫使空气进入高压间或室126(如图6中所示)。高压间126设定在托盘32的下面,并与提供通过托盘32的多个通道、通路或空间128流体连通。通道128将空气提供给电池40。风扇124的操作(例如,开/关状态、速度等)可由与温度数据相关的BMS 50来控制,BMS 50接收有关电池40的数据(例如,经由传感器56)。
根据示例性实施例,托盘32形成为引导空气通过蓄电池模块30和围绕电池40。托盘32可包括特征以提供电池40远离托盘32表面和/或与相邻电池40隔离的间隔。例如,根据示例性实施例,托盘32可包括一系列的肋或突起129(如图6所示),其提供通道128以使空气绕电池40的外表面流动。托盘32也可形成或构造成国际专利申请No.PCT/US2008/056078所显示和描述的那样,该专利申请全文通过引用结合于本文中。
空气通过多个孔36(例如,孔36a、36b和36c)退出托盘32,并通过上部外壳42内的出口130(图4)导出蓄电池模块30。导管132设定用来将外出的空气与进入的空气隔离。根据示例性实施例,导管132用来引导空气通过蓄电池室22中的开口134从出口130导出到外部环境。根据示例性实施例,导管132形成有或者联接到盖26。密封件(例如,O环、垫圈等)可设定在出口130和/或开口134周围,开口134与导管132协力工作以大体上防止外出的空气与进入的空气混合。根据其他示例性实施例,导管132可为联接到上部外壳42或盖26的独立部件。
如图6所示,多个不同尺寸的孔36可由托盘32提供,以提供多个电化电池40的相对均匀的热量调节(例如,冷却或加热)。例如,更少尺寸的孔36可设定成更靠近出口130,而更大尺寸的孔36设定成更远离出口130。根据示例性实施例,大孔36a设定在远离出口130的托盘32上,中等孔36b设定在离出口130中间距离的托盘32上,而小孔36c设定在靠近出口130的托盘32上。托盘32的不同尺寸的孔36通过限制流过小孔36c的流体流动并允许流体更容易地流过大孔36a而使热量管理流体更均匀地流过通道128。
现在转到图7-13,根据示例性实施例,提供了外接充电式电或气电混合动力车辆10,该车辆10包括诸如图1-6所描述的蓄电池模块和/或系统。根据其他示例性实施例,外接充电式车辆可包括其他类型的蓄电池系统和/或模块。
根据示例性实施例,外接充电式车辆构造成自电源接收电力(例如,来自例如壁上插座的外部电源、蓄电池充电器等)。外接充电式车辆包括配置成提醒用户注意车辆蓄电池系统的充电状况的系统,例如在车辆充电达到预定阈值时提供指示。
参考图7-8,模块或装置60(例如,外接充电式模块)用来辅助对外接充电式车辆10中的蓄电池系统充电(例如,重新充电)。外接充电式模块构造成联接到对蓄电池充电的电源,并提供蓄电池系统状况的可见或其他指示(例如,全充电、低充电等)。根据不同示例性实施例,可见指示可以彩色灯或其他类型的可见指示形式提供。
根据其他示例性实施例,外接充电式模块60设定为朝向车辆10的后部,并可从车辆10的外部访问。例如,根据示例性实施例,外接充电式模块60以类似于气体/燃料塞设定在传统的气动车辆上的位置设定在朝向车辆后部的位置(例如,在或接近车辆的后四分之一面板处等)。根据其他示例性实施例,外接充电式模块可设定在车辆上的任何合适的位置(例如,在车辆前部、在车辆后部上、在车辆车篷下、在车辆舱室内或者任何其它合适的位置)。外接充电式模块的特定位置可基于多种因素进行选择,包括接近的方便性、蓄电池系统在车辆内的位置等等。
根据示例性实施例,外接充电式模块如此放置,使得外接充电式模块的单元设定在车辆面板内的凹槽内。根据其他示例性实施例,外接充电式模块可设定在其他合适的位置并具有其他合适的配置。
外接充电式模块60包括多个触点或连接器(如图7所示,例如,为功率触点或连接器68和感应触点或连接器70)。触点向外延伸并远离设定为外接充电式模块60的一部分的元件或单元66。根据示例性实施例,元件66设定为突出元件,该突出元件向远离容置在凹槽或切口61内的表面延伸。元件66具有配置成被联接到电力源的另一个部件匹配地接收的大小、外形和配置。根据示例性实施例,元件66为构造成被凹形元件接收的凸形元件(例如,元件66构造成容置在设定在连接到电力源的部件内的开口或切口内并由其接合)。尽管图7示出了一个用于元件66的可能配置,应当理解的是,根据其他示例性实施例,元件可具有其他配置(例如,它可设定为具有大体上圆柱形的外形、矩形外形或其他任何合适的外形或配置)。根据其他示例性实施例,外接充电式模块可包括凹形元件,该凹形元件构造成接收连接到电力源的部件的凸形元件(相反,元件66可设定为构造成接收蓄电池连接器的凸形元件的凹槽或切口)。
功率触点68构造成与连接器80(如图所示,比如图12-13中的插塞式连接器80)上的相应触点88接合(例如,接触、匹配),以为电力提供从功率源12到蓄电池系统20的导电通道。感应触点70构造成与插塞式连接器80上的相应感应触点90接合(例如,接触、匹配),以在外接充电式模块60和插塞式连接器80联接在一起时感应,以便形成好的电耦合。
根据示例性实施例,外接充电式模块60包括大体上水平布置的两个功率触点68和设定在功率触点68下方的单个双针感应触点70。根据其他实施例,外接充电式模块60可包括任何数目的功率触点68和感应触点70。根据其他示例性实施例,功率触点68和感应触点70可不同地布置。根据示例性实施例,功率触点68和88示出为刀形连接器,感应触点70和90示出为针形连接器。根据其他示例性实施例,任何一个触点可配置成任何适宜的触点,比如刀形连接器、针形连接器、卡口连接器、标准的家用电触点(例如,115伏的3插脚连接器)、或任何其它合适类型的连接器。
如前所述,功率触点68和感应触点70自元件66延伸,该元件66自表面65延伸并远离。根据示例性实施例,提供可移除的帽或盖72,使得其配置成以干涉配合接收元件66(例如,使得元件66的侧壁67与帽相对紧密地接合或滑动配合,以确保帽在合适的位置上),并且配置成保护功率触点68和感应触点70免受水气和其他污染物。可移除帽72可用诸如电缆或片状材料的延长元件联接到外接充电式模块60以防止帽72丢失,同时仍然允许帽72无阻碍地自元件66移除。尽管根据示例性实施例,干涉配合用来将帽紧固到元件,根据其他示例性实施,可使用其他方法(帽可包括拧入元件的螺纹,其中,例如元件设定为具有大体上圆柱形的外形)。
外接充电式模块60进一步包括构造成提供指示车辆蓄电池系统的状况(例如,充电状况)的可见指示的元件或单元62。根据示例性实施例,元件62以装饰元件的形式提供,该装饰元件具有至少部分地围绕元件66的大体上碗形的配置。为了便于参考,本文中的元件62指装饰元件62。根据示例性实施例,装饰元件62具有镜射或反射表面。
根据示例性实施例,装饰元件62包括可见指示器,显示为以光环64或其他照明结构形式提供的照明元件或单元。如图13所示,光环64以不同的颜色照亮,以为用户提供关于蓄电池系统20操作状态的信息。例如,根据一个示例性实施例,光环60照亮为第一颜色(例如,橙色)以指示蓄电池模块30正在充电,并照亮为第二颜色(例如,绿色)以指示蓄电池模块被完全充电。根据其他示例性实施例,光环64可以其他方式(比如,以不同颜色,闪光灯、昏暗或亮灯等)为用户提供状态信息。根据其他示例性实施例,也可使用其他颜色。尽管使出为具有包围元件66的环型配置,根据其他示例性实施例,可见指示器可设定为具有任何一种形式(例如,可设定为诸如LED和其他类型灯等的单个灯泡)。
根据示例性实施例,光环64以一个或多个LED照亮。根据另一个示例性实施例,光环可以其他光源照亮,例如白炽灯泡、有机发光二极管(OLEDs)、电致发光材料、或任何其他合适的光源。装饰元件62的照亮部分可以是诸如光环64的分离部分,或者可为漫射部分(例如,装饰元件62的所有部分可配置成被照亮)。例如是光环64的照亮部分可自蓄电池模块30、自外部电源12、自例如是设定在车辆10内的12V蓄电池的另一个电源接收功率。
根据其他示例性实施例,车辆可包括其他位置中的可见指示器,以将诸如车辆的充电状态、插塞式连接器的连接状态等的信息传送给用户。例如,诸如图标或计量仪的指示器可设定为车辆10的仪表板的一部分或可设定在插塞式连接器80之上。
根据示例性实施例,诸如门、面板或其他结构的元件或单元74设定用来隐藏外接充电式模块60(参见,例如图13)。根据示例性实施例,元件74设定为具有类似于燃料帽门的配置。根据其他示例性实施例,也可使用用于元件的其他配置。
现在参考图9-11,插塞式连接器80(例如,装置、元件)设定用来通过与外接充电式模块60接合将车辆10联接到外部电源12。插塞式连接器80用芯线或电缆14联接到外部电源12。插塞式连接器80可储存在外壳或其他封装物内,以在不使用时保护或隐藏插塞式连接器80。插塞式连接器80包括延长主体82、夹持端84、指示灯86以及围绕功率触点88和感应触点90的壁92。
根据示例性实施例,插塞式连接器80的主体82可由聚合物浇铸,由例如是铝(或别的合金)的片状材料制成,或者由别的合适材料制成。夹持端84设定在主体82之上以便于插塞式连接器80的抓牢。根据示例性实施例,夹持端84由例如是过模到主体82的硅酮的弹性材料制成。根据其他示例性实施例,夹持端84可包括模压结构。根据示例性实施例,夹持端84通常设定在主体82的底部之上,但在其他示例性实施例中,夹持端84可设定在其他地方,比如主体82的顶部之上,或者可包围主体82。插塞式连接器80可进一步包括邻接电源线14的弹性部分96。弹性部分96允许用户更容易地适应插塞式连接器80,而无需抵抗电源线14所产生的力。
插塞式连接器80包括一个或多个电源电路触点88和一个或多个感应触点90。如上所述,功率触点88与外接充电式模块60上的相应触点68接合,以便为电功率自外部电源12到蓄电池系统20提供导电通道。感应触点90与外接充电式模块60上的相应感应触点70接合,以在外接充电式模块60和插塞式连接器80结合在一起时起感应。
根据示例性实施例,插塞式连接器80包括大体上水平地布置的两个功率触点88和设定在功率触点68之下的单个双针感应触点90,以与外接充电式模块60上的触点68和70接合。根据不同的示例性实施例,功率触点88和感应触点90的数目和布置可改变以对应于触点68和70。
功率触点88和感应触点90被凸起裙套或壁92包围。壁92防止触点88和90免受意外碰撞所引起的损害,并减少与触点88和90意外接触所引起的对用户的电击和/或伤害的机会。壁92配置成在触点88和90接合触点68和70时容纳凸起件66,以进一步将插塞式连接器80联接到外接充电式模块60。
根据示例性实施例,帽94设定用来在插塞式连接器80与外接充电式模块60分离时安装到插塞式连接器80的末端。帽94以干涉配合安装到壁92,并配置成保护功率触点88和感应触点90免遭水气和其它污染物。帽94可用例如是电缆或带状材料的延长元件联接到插塞式连接器80,以防止帽94丢失,同时仍然允许帽94无阻碍地子自插塞式连接器80的末端自由移除。
插塞式连接器80进一步包括可见指示器,例如以指示灯86的形式显示的照亮部分。指示灯86以不同的颜色照明,以为用户提供关于插塞式连接器80和外接充电式模块60之间的连接的运行状态的信息。例如,根据一个示例性实施例,指示灯86以第一颜色(例如,橙色或红色)照亮以指示插塞式连接器80和外接充电式模块60之间的不足连接(例如,触点68、70和插塞式触点88、90之间),并以第二颜色(例如,绿色)照亮以指示插塞式连接器80和外接充电式模块60之间的恰当连接。根据其他示例性实施例,指示灯86可以其他方式为用户提供状态信息,例如以不同的颜色、闪光灯、昏暗或亮灯等。根据其他示例性实施例,指示灯86可为用户提供除了连接状态之外的状态信息(例如,充电状态)。
外接充电式模块60和插塞式连接器80设定成允许蓄电池系统20自外部电源12接收功率。根据示例性实施例,电源12为连接到电网的标准的壁式插座,并以交流电的形式提供电能(例如,110VAC、220VAC等)。
如图14所示,根据示例性实施例,插塞式连接器80联接到电源12(例如,以电线)并配置成与设定在车辆10上的插塞式插座接合。外接充电式模块60联接到蓄电池充电器58。蓄电池充电器58为蓄电池模块30提供功率。蓄电池充电器58可将关于蓄电池模块30的状态的反馈59提供给外接充电式模块60。例如,蓄电池充电器58可指示蓄电池模块80是否是被完全充电或者正充电以确定光环64所显示的颜色。
如本文所使用的,用语“近似地”、“大约”、“大体上”以及类似的用语旨在具有与本领域技术人员所公用和所接受的并且本公开的主题所相关的用法一致的宽泛意义。审阅本公开的本领域技术人员应当理解的是,这些用语意在允许所描述和所要求的某些特征的描述,而不将这些特征的范围限于所设定的精确数字范围。因此,这些用语应解释为表示:所描述和所要求的主题的非实质性或无足轻重的修改或改型应认为是在附加权利要求所列举的本发明的范围内。
应当注意的是,本文所使用的描述不同实施例的用语“示例性”旨在表示此实施例是可能的示例、描述和/或可能实施例的说明(并且此用语不是用来隐含此实施例是必然特别的或最好的示例)。
本文所使用的用语“联接”、“连接”等等意味着两个元件直接或间接地彼此结合。这种结合可以是静止的(例如,永久的)或可移动的(例如,可移除或可释放)。这种结合通过两个元件、或者两个元件和一体成型为单个整体的任何附加中间元件、或者两个元件或者两个元件和彼此附连的任何附加中间元件而获得。
本文关于元件位置的参考(例如,“顶部”、“底部”、“之上”、“之下”等)仅用来描述图中的不同元件的方位。应当注意的是,不同元件的方位可根据其他示例性实施例变化,并且这些变化旨在被本公开所包含。
重点注意的是,以不同示例性实施例显示的蓄电池系统的构造和布置仅是例证性的。尽管仅在本公开中详细地描述了几个实施例,审阅过本公开的本领域技术人员将容易地理解到,在不实质性地脱离本文所述主题的新颖性教导和优点的情况下,许多修改是可能的(例如,尺寸、大小、结构、外形和不同元件的比例、参数值、安装值、材料的使用、颜色、方位等的变化)。例如,显示为一体成型的元件可由多个部件或元件构成,元件的位置可逆转或以别的方式变化,分离元件或者位置的特性或数目可修改或变化。任何过程或方法步骤的次序或序列可根据备选实施例变化或再排序。在不脱离本发明范围的情况下,也可在不同示例性实施例的设计、运行状况和布置中做出其他替换、改型、变化和省略。

Claims (29)

1.一种用于车辆的蓄电池系统,所述车辆自包括多个可充电电化电池的蓄电池模块接收至少一部分动力,所述系统包括:
车辆模块,所述车辆模块包括可配置成连接外部充电设备的一部分的第一元件和可配置成提供与所述车辆蓄电池系统的充电状况相关的可见信号的第二元件;
其中,所述第二元件设定在接近所述外部充电设备连接到所述第一元件的位置,并且当所述外部充电设备连接到所述第一元件时所述第二元件是可见的。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第二元件设定为至少局部地包围所述第一元件的光环。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第二元件包括至少一种光。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统,其特征在于,所述至少一种光选自包括如下的组:发光二极管、白炽灯泡和有机发光二极管。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第二元件可配置成在所述蓄电池系统正充电时显示第一颜色,并在所述蓄电池系统处于全充电时显示第二颜色。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述模块设定在形成在车辆面板内的凹槽中。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统,进一步包括用于隐藏所述第一元件和所述第二元件的门。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述模块联接到设定在车辆内的蓄电池充电器,并且所述蓄电池充电器联接到所述蓄电池系统。
9.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第一元件可配置成可匹配地接合所述外部充电设备的一部分。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第一元件可配置成匹配地接合所述外部充电设备的连接器,所述连接器包括手柄部分和多个触点。
11.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第一元件包括用于在所述外部充电设备和所述车辆蓄电池系统之间提供导电通路的至少一个触点。
12.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,每一个所述第一元件和所述外部充电设备包括至少一个感应触点,并且所述外部充电设备可配置成在所述第一元件的所述感应触点和所述外部充电设备的所述感应触点彼此接触时提供可见指示。
13.如权利要求1所述的系统,进一步包括盖,所述盖可配置成接合所述第一元件以覆盖所述第一元件的特征。
14.一种用于外接充电式车辆的蓄电池系统,包括:
包括多个电化电池的蓄电池模块;
设定在所述车辆内并电联接到所述蓄电池模块的蓄电池充电器;
电联接到所述蓄电池充电器的插塞式插座,所述插座具有至少一个读出线和至少一个电源线;以及
可配置成插接在所述插塞式插座上的插塞式连接器,所述连接器电联接到电源。
15.如权利要求14所述的蓄电池系统,进一步包括蓄电池管理系统,所述蓄电池管理系统配置成一旦所述蓄电池模块被完全充电时将所述蓄电池充电器与所述蓄电池模块断开。
16.如权利要求14所述的蓄电池系统,其特征在于,所述装饰元件包括光环。
17.如权利要求14所述的蓄电池系统,其特征在于,所述装饰元件以第一颜色照亮以指示所述蓄电池模块正处于充电状态,并以第二颜色照亮以指示所述蓄电池模块被完全地充电。
18.如权利要求17所述的蓄电池系统,其特征在于,所述第一颜色是橙色,所述第二颜色是绿色。
19.如权利要求14所述的蓄电池系统,其特征在于,所述连接器进一步包括指示灯,以指示所述连接器的连接状态。
20.如权利要求19所述的蓄电池系统,其特征在于,所述指示灯是第一颜色以指示与所述插座的适当连接,并且所述指示灯是第二颜色以指示与所述插座的不足连接。
21.如权利要求20所述的蓄电池系统,其特征在于,所述第一颜色是绿色,而所述第二颜色是橙色。
22.如权利要求14所述的蓄电池系统,进一步包括用来检测所述蓄电池单元温度的多个传感器。
23.如权利要求14所述的蓄电池系统,其特征在于,所述蓄电池模块进一步包括构造成容置所述多个蓄电池单元的多个蓄电池盘,所述蓄电池盘具有多个孔,所述孔引导热量管理流体通过所述蓄电池模块;并且其中,所述多个孔以变化尺寸设定以调节通过所述蓄电池模块的热量管理流体的流量。
24.一种用于电动车辆中的蓄电池模块,包括:
多个盘,所述盘构造成容纳设定在盘中的多个电化电池;
其中,所述多个盘包括多个孔,以引导热量管理流体通过所述蓄电池模块以便热调整所述电化电池;
其中,多个孔在热量管理流体流入口的附近以第一尺寸设定,并在热量管理流体流出口的附近以大于第一尺寸的第二尺寸设定,以在所述多个电化电池中提供相对均匀的热量调节。
25.如权利要求24所述的蓄电池模块,进一步包括在整个所述蓄电池模块中的多个位置设定的多个传感器,以检测所述蓄电池单元的温度。
26.如权利要求24所述的蓄电池模块,其特征在于,所述蓄电池模块可配置成联接到插塞式连接器,所述插塞式连接器电连接到电源,以在所述插塞式连接器连接到所述蓄电池模块时对所述蓄电池模块充电。
27.如权利要求24所述的蓄电池模块,进一步包括用来将所述热量管理流体提供给所述蓄电池模块的风扇,所述风扇电连接到BMS使得BMS接通和断开风扇。
28.如权利要求24所述的蓄电池模块,进一步包括在所述蓄电池模块的外壳内的通风孔,所述通风孔构造成允许通风气体自所述电化电池排出所述蓄电池模块。
29.如权利要求24所述的蓄电池模块,其特征在于,所述蓄电池模块构造成置于车辆的蓄电池室内,所述室具有盖,所述盖构造成封入所述蓄电池模块并支撑置于所述室盖顶部的负载。
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Application publication date: 20100929