CN101843197B - Selection method used for improving seashore salt-affected soil plants - Google Patents
Selection method used for improving seashore salt-affected soil plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN101843197B CN101843197B CN2010101387070A CN201010138707A CN101843197B CN 101843197 B CN101843197 B CN 101843197B CN 2010101387070 A CN2010101387070 A CN 2010101387070A CN 201010138707 A CN201010138707 A CN 201010138707A CN 101843197 B CN101843197 B CN 101843197B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a selection method used for improving seashore salt-affected soil plants, which belongs to the field of plant propagation and cultivation. The method is characterized by implementing the selection of the plants by the following steps of: simulating environment conditions and determining gradient numbers of salt concentrations and experimental salt baths; in a selected season, moving containers in which 41 plant seedlings are respectively planted into the salt baths filled with 30cm depth of salt solution of respective salt concentration, wherein the bottoms of the containers are provided with water permeable holes, and supports of the containers 4cm below the salt solution surface are arranged in the salt baths; determining salt content periodically at intervals; adding water or salt according to set salt concentrations; and performing a salt tolerance experiment for 60 days. The method has the advantages that: salt resistance and salt resistance limit data of the 41 plants in the experiment are acquired; data with comparability is provided for the selection for improving the seashore salt-affected soil plants; and an optimal plant selection is provided for improving the seashore salt-affected soil plants. The method also has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, low cost, large scale popularization and application, and active directive function.
Description
Technical field
Belonging to the plant propagation cultivation field, is about salt tolerant green plants method for screening.
Background technology
Along with the continuous expansion of cities and towns afforestation scale, the transformation that reaches beach salty soil needs, and is increasing to the demand of gardens salt resistance green plants.New, special, the excellent garden plants of alternative anti-different salt basicity become important greening material.
The method of salt tolerant green plants seed selection is a lot, and method is easy, plant shows advantages such as stable and conventional seed selection has, and is extensive and the most frequently used selection.At present conventional method mainly comprise the laboratory potted plant with two kinds of field plantings.One, the laboratory is potted plant: comprise (1) general planting soil, water salting liquid; (2) running water is watered in saline soil plantation, and infiltration water is returned.Two, field planting: comprise the test of planting of (1) saline soil environment field; (2) the salt pond planting soil is planted in the open, waters salt solution.
According to the occurring in nature water salt characteristics of motion, soluble-salt is because the underground water of high salinity causes with capillarity entering Root Distribution layer in the evaporation of soil moisture process in the saline soil.Under the experimental condition; Should simulate this salt movement process as far as possible and measure just science, rationally more of plant salt endurance; But above-mentioned several method is except that two (1); The defective that all has this respect is watered (salt) water law and unavoidably soil structure is exerted an influence, like problems such as soil compaction, permeability differences.(2) (1) under same natural conditions, arranges that the salinity gradient of 0-10 ‰ has suitable difficulty although be nature, makes the comparative trial of same plant under the different soils salinity lack comparativity.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides same plant species under the different soils salinity, has a kind of system of selection that is used to improve seashore salt-affected soil plants of comparative.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
Implement the selection of plant according to the following steps:
One, the simulated environment condition
1) confirms the strand salt lick that desire improves;
2) measure strand salt lick salinity, reach NaCl, Na
2SO
4, NaHCO
3Proportion;
3) geography, the climatic environment of the close salt lick of simulation; Or be taken near the salt lick of strand;
Two, confirm salinity gradient number and test salt bath
1) selected 9 salinity gradients are respectively 0 (ck), 1 ‰, 2 ‰, 3 ‰, 4 ‰, 5 ‰, 6 ‰, 8 ‰, 10 ‰; NaCl, Na
2SO
4, NaHCO
3Account for 85.0%, 14.7% and 0.3% percetage by weight respectively;
2) construct 9 independently divided salt baths,
3) by salinity gradient stepping number, prepare salting liquid separately: respectively put into the running water of certain volume in the salt bath, join each salt bath concentration and volume, calculate each required solid salt weight, dissolve in respectively in the water then, stir according to desiring; Get the salting liquid of concentration separately;
Three, test procedure
1) in selected season, the container of planting 41 plant species seedlings is respectively moved in the salt bath,
2) be marked with 30 centimetres of dark salt solution of salinity separately in the groove,
3) contain the hole that the seedling container bottom has porous,
4) in salt bath, 4 centimeters have the support of container apart from the salt underwater,
5) salometry is regularly carried out to salting liquid in soil in the basin and the test salt bath in the compartment of terrain, adds water or with salt by the salt concentration of setting in good time; And the growth conditions of number record plantling;
6) the salt tolerant test is 60 days.
The described 41 plant species seedlings of planting are
The gold leaf amur minebark
More flowers blue, sub-agents flowers, porcupine spines, sprawling crape myrtle, Mediterranean Viburnum, Spiraea Deutzia saffron, golden elderberry
Canada cercis, color leaf purple willow, blue Chinese juniper, Lan Bingbai, pale reddish brown Lindley Butterflybush Herb, the gardening rose of Sharon, Xiao Hua hair nuclear wood, gold leaf poplar, red autumnal leaves poplar, closely knit winged euonymus, short living crape myrtle, gold leaf common bluebeard, the fiery sour jujube of yellow fruit, floral leaf brocade band, European lime
Floral leaf thorny elaeagnus, Canadian red autumnal leaves cercis, Herba Euonymi Bungeani, the living cypress of speed, Quercus acutissima, yew, the red pomegranate of brachyplast, shrubby flase indigo, cassia corymbosa
Fine hair Chinese wax, periploca spium, rosemary,, Da Hua Abelia biflora, shore Eurya plant
The beach rose of Sharon, Betula halophila
Chinese tamarisk
And every tree kind is planted in basin and is planted 5-6 and repeat plantling.
Described support is that stent support or empty support.
Good effect of the present invention is:
Obtained salt resistance ability and the salt tolerant limit data of 41 plant species of test, but the selection that can be used for improveing seashore salt-affected soil plants the data with comparative are provided, for the improvement coast saline soil provides best plant selection; The present invention is easy and simple to handle, low-cost, and can apply on a large scale; Process of the test more near nature, can arrange the plant of more kind and quantity to compare test in single test than previous methods again, and result of the test is accurate, reliable, comparativity is strong.According to this result of the test, in the afforestation of cities and towns, play positive directive function.
Embodiment 1
1, position, salt pond: west side in the institute of Shanghai Inst. of Garden Science, idle old glass greenhouse of ridge shape (long * wide: 24m * 8m);
2, the salt pond is built: greenhouse discarded glass complete removal, and only covered with plastic film on the roof prevents that rainwater from falling into the salt pond, two ends are provided with iron grid door, and galvanized wire mesh is installed all around, play security protection effect and gravity-flow ventilation.In the greenhouse on the area of 24m * 8m, be built into length and width, be respectively 9 not connected salt ponds of 7.0m * 2.0m * 0.8m deeply with brick and armored concrete, accomplish that salt solution is non-leakage.Each salt pond one bottom central authorities of portion establishes salt discharge pipe and valve (scalable salt pool water level), and the salt discharge pipe is connected into seugh.
3, salting liquid preparation: put into the running water of certain volume in the salt pond,, simulate again that beach salty soil salt is grouped into and ratio is confirmed every kind of solid salt consumption, dissolve in then in the water, stir according to desiring complex salt concentration and the required solid salt weight of volume calculations.
4, experimental scheme: at the beginning of 7 months container seedling is moved in the salt pond, put into the salt solution of the 30cm degree of depth in the pond, contain the seedling container bottom and support, keep bottom 3-4cm to be immersed in the salt solution by empty.Salt solution infiltrates in the soil through container bottom aperture and capillarity.9 salinity gradients of design are respectively 0 ‰, 1 ‰, 2 ‰, 3 ‰, 4 ‰, 5 ‰, 6 ‰, 8 ‰, 10 ‰ in 9 test tanks.In order to make salt be grouped into the actual conditions that more approach marine solonchak, NaCl, Na are pressed in this test
2SO
4, NaHCO
3Account for the preparation of 85.0%, 14.7% and 0.3% ratio respectively.The every seeds of each processing (salinity) are established 5-6 repetition.Artificial Control moisture and salinity regularly carry out salometry to salting liquid in soil in the basin and the test tank, and adjustment is to guarantee soil salt content in the basin in good time.Salt tolerant test totally 60 days.
1, in two months salt stress processs of the test and after finishing, to the growth and the physical signs of 41 plant species measure, the salt stress observation of symptoms, and its survival rate added up.The salt resistance ability and the salt tolerant limit of 41 plant species have been confirmed.Specific as follows:
Supply the survival rate of examination 41 plant species nursery stocks, high amount of growth, hat width of cloth increment and chlorophyll content all on a declining curve, until stopping growing and the plant withered death along with the rising of soil salt concentration.This variation tendency often shows as the stage of former and later two differences great disparity, promptly to the slow decline stage that shines salinity lower reason and the rapid decline stage of higher salt concentrations processing.This turning point is indicating the arrival of the plant salt tolerance limit, shows as survival rate and generally is lower than 50%, and high growth indexes and chlorophyll content descend significantly.Gold leaf amur minebark survival rate in contrast (salt content is 0) is 100%, and high amount of growth, hat width of cloth increment and chlorophyll content are higher, and growth is normal; And when soil salt concentration is 1 ‰; Its high amount of growth, hat width of cloth increment and chlorophyll content decline to a great extent, and survival rate also reduces to 60%, tentatively thinks; The salt resistance ability of gold leaf amur minebark is 0, and the salt tolerant limit is 1 ‰.More flowers blue, sub-agents flowers, porcupine spines, sprawling crape myrtle, Mediterranean Viburnum, safflower meadowsweet six kinds of plants can grow normally in the control of soil salinity ≤ 1 ‰, the high growth, crown increment, survival by salinity and chlorophyll content had little effect, and in the salt concentration of 2 ‰, this six kinds of plant height growth, crown incremental and substantial decline in chlorophyll content, the survival rate is also reduced to about 50%, the initial finds that many flowers blue, sub-agents flowers, porcupine spines, sprawling crape myrtle, Mediterranean Viburnum, safflower meadowsweet six plant salt tolerance of 1 ‰, salt tolerance limit of 2 ‰.Urinate thin, sambucus racemosa in salinity≤2 ‰ o'clock; High amount of growth, hat width of cloth increment, survival rate and chlorophyll content receive the influence of salinity little; And when salinity was 3 ‰, both high amount of growth, hat width of cloth increment and chlorophyll content declined to a great extent, and survival rate also reduces to 60%; Can think that the salt resistance ability thin, sambucus racemosa of urinating is 2 ‰, the salt tolerant limit is 3 ‰.15 plant species such as Canada cercis, color leaf purple willow, blue Chinese juniper, Lan Bingbai, pale reddish brown Lindley Butterflybush Herb, the gardening rose of Sharon, Xiao Hua hair nuclear wood, gold leaf poplar, red autumnal leaves poplar, closely knit winged euonymus, short living crape myrtle, gold leaf common bluebeard, the fiery sour jujube of yellow fruit, the bright and beautiful band of floral leaf, European lime are in soil salt concentration≤3 ‰ o'clock; High amount of growth, hat width of cloth increment, survival rate and chlorophyll content receive the influence of salinity less; And when salinity is 4 ‰; The high amount of growth of this 15 plant species, hat width of cloth increment and chlorophyll content decline to a great extent; Survival rate also obviously descends about 50%; Can think; The salt resistance ability of Canada cercis, color leaf purple willow, blue Chinese juniper, Lan Bingbai, pale reddish brown Lindley Butterflybush Herb, the gardening rose of Sharon, Xiao Hua hair nuclear wood, gold leaf poplar, red autumnal leaves poplar, closely knit winged euonymus, short living crape myrtle, gold leaf common bluebeard, the fiery sour jujube of yellow fruit, floral leaf brocade band, European lime 15 plant species is 3 ‰, and the salt tolerant limit is 4 ‰.9 plant species such as floral leaf thorny elaeagnus, Canadian red autumnal leaves cercis, Herba Euonymi Bungeani, the living cypress of speed, Quercus acutissima, yew, the red pomegranate of brachyplast, shrubby flase indigo, cassia corymbosa are in salinity≤4 ‰ o'clock; The influence that high amount of growth, hat width of cloth increment, survival rate and chlorophyll content are coerced by soil salt is little; And when salinity is 5 ‰; High amount of growth, hat width of cloth increment and the chlorophyll content of floral leaf thorny elaeagnus, Canadian red autumnal leaves cercis, Herba Euonymi Bungeani, the living cypress of speed, Quercus acutissima, yew, the red pomegranate of brachyplast, shrubby flase indigo, cassia corymbosa 9 plant species decline to a great extent mostly; Survival rate also is lower than 50% mostly; Can think that thus the salt resistance ability of floral leaf thorny elaeagnus, Canadian red autumnal leaves cercis, Herba Euonymi Bungeani, the living cypress of speed, Quercus acutissima, yew, the red pomegranate of brachyplast, shrubby flase indigo, cassia corymbosa 9 plant species is 4 ‰, the salt tolerant limit is about 5 ‰.Shore Eurya plant, fine hair Chinese wax, periploca spium, rosemary,, Da Hua Abelia biflora 5 plant species are in soil salt content≤5 ‰ o'clock; High amount of growth, hat width of cloth increment, survival rate and chlorophyll content receive the influence of salt stress little, and when salinity was 6 ‰, shore Eurya plant, fine hair Chinese wax, periploca spium, rosemary,, high amount of growth, hat width of cloth increment and the chlorophyll content of Da Hua Abelia biflora declined to a great extent; Survival rate is also obviously reduced to 33%-50%; Can think that the salt resistance ability of this 5 plant species is 5 ‰, the salt tolerant limit is 6 ‰.The beach rose of Sharon, Betula halophila are in salinity≤6 ‰ o'clock; It is less that high amount of growth, hat width of cloth increment, survival rate and chlorophyll content are influenced by salt stress, and when salinity was 8 ‰, the high amount of growth of the beach rose of Sharon, Betula halophila, hat width of cloth increment and chlorophyll content declined to a great extent; Survival rate also reduces to 40%; Can think that thus the salt resistance ability of the beach rose of Sharon, Betula halophila is 6 ‰, the salt tolerant limit is lower than 8 ‰.Chinese tamarisk is in salinity≤10 ‰ o'clock, and it is less that high amount of growth, hat width of cloth increment, survival rate and chlorophyll content are influenced by salt stress, can think that thus the Chinese tamarisk salt resistance ability is 10 ‰, and the salt tolerant limit surpasses 10 ‰.According to above analysis, tabulation is (table 1) as follows.
41 kinds of garden plants salt resistance abilities of table 1 and salt tolerant limitation table
Through 41 kinds of garden plantses are carried out salt pond salt tolerant test in 60 days in vegetative period, according to the growth performance (survival rate, high growth, hat width of cloth increment) of the different plants of duration of test, assimilational capacity (chlorophyll content) is tentatively confirmed its salt resistance ability and the salt tolerant limit.
Salt tolerant alkali not: gold leaf amur minebark;
Resistant to mild salinity (1-2 ‰): more flowers blue, sub-agents flowers, porcupine spines, sprawling crape myrtle, Mediterranean Viburnum, safflower Spiraea, Deutzia, golden elderberry;
Anti-moderate saline and alkaline (2-4 ‰): Canadian cercis, color leaf purple willow, blue Chinese juniper, Lan Bingbai, pale reddish brown Lindley Butterflybush Herb, the gardening rose of Sharon, Xiao Hua hair nuclear wood, gold leaf poplar, red autumnal leaves poplar, closely knit winged euonymus, short living crape myrtle, gold leaf common bluebeard, the fiery sour jujube of yellow fruit, floral leaf brocade band, European lime, floral leaf thorny elaeagnus, Canadian red autumnal leaves cercis, Herba Euonymi Bungeani, the living cypress of speed, Quercus acutissima, yew, the red pomegranate of brachyplast, shrubby flase indigo, cassia corymbosa;
Anti-heavy salinized (4-6 ‰): shore Eurya plant, fine hair Chinese wax, periploca spium, rosemary,, Da Hua Abelia biflora;
Anti-extra heavy saline and alkaline (＞6 ‰): Chinese tamarisk, the beach rose of Sharon, Betula halophila.
Claims (3)
1. system of selection that is used to improve seashore salt-affected soil plants is characterized in that:
Implement the selection of plant according to the following steps:
One, the simulated environment condition
1) confirms the strand salt lick that desire improves;
2) measure strand salt lick salinity, reach NaCl, Na
2SO
4, NaHCO
3Proportion;
3) geography, the climatic environment of the close salt lick of simulation; Or be taken near the salt lick of strand;
Two, confirm salinity gradient number and test salt bath
1) selected 9 salinity gradients are respectively 0 ‰, 1 ‰, 2 ‰, 3 ‰, 4 ‰, 5 ‰, 6 ‰, 8 ‰, 10 ‰; NaCl, Na
2SO
4, NaHCO
3Account for 85.0%, 14.7% and 0.3% percetage by weight respectively;
2) construct 9 independently divided salt baths,
3) by salinity gradient stepping number, prepare salting liquid separately: respectively put into the running water of certain volume in the salt bath, join each salt bath concentration and volume, calculate each required solid salt weight, dissolve in respectively in the water then, stir according to desiring; Get the salting liquid of concentration separately;
Three, test procedure
1) in selected season, the container of planting 41 plant species seedlings is respectively moved in the salt bath,
2) be marked with 30 centimetres of dark salt solution of salinity separately in the groove,
3) contain the hole that the seedling container bottom has porous,
4) in salt bath, 4 centimeters have the support of container apart from the salt underwater,
5) salometry is regularly carried out to salting liquid in soil in the basin and the test salt bath in the compartment of terrain, adds water or with salt by the salt concentration of setting in good time; And the growth conditions of number record plantling;
6) the salt tolerant test is 60 days.
2. a kind of system of selection that is used to improve seashore salt-affected soil plants according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described 41 plant species seedlings of planting are:
Kim Ye Feng fruit boxes, multi-blue flowers, flowers of drugs, porcupine spines, sprawling crape myrtle, Mediterranean Viburnum, safflower Spiraea, Deutzia, golden elderberry, Cercis canadensis, Coleus osier, blue juniper, blue ice Bo, purple buddleia, gardening hibiscus, flower hair core wood, gold leaf poplar, poplar leaves, dense euonymus, dwarf crape myrtle, gold leaf Caryopteris, yellow fruit Pyracantha, mosaic Weigela, European linden, mosaic HU silverberry, Canada Bauhinia leaves, cotton wood, fast-growing cedar, oak, cork, spur-red pomegranates, Amorpha, Cassia, hair wax, sepium, rosemary, large flowers Abelia, Bin Eurya, Hibiscus, salt birch, tamarisk; and every tree planted in the basin set 5-6 repetitions plant seedlings.
3. a kind of system of selection that is used to improve seashore salt-affected soil plants according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described support is that stent support or empty support.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN103583360A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-19 | 浙江万里学院 | Method for improving Abelia seedling salt tolerance by oriented induction |
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| CN102972230A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-03-20 | 张健 | Salt pond for experiment of plant seedlings |
| CN104604566B (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2017-03-08 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of multi-functional plant salt endurance of protecting field measures salt pond |
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| CN105265206B (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-10-31 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of assay method of saline land greening nursery stock salt resistance ability |
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| CN116368984B (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-11-10 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for cooperatively solving water shortage and salinization of oasis irrigation in arid region |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101637099B (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2011-04-06 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for grafting and cultivating salt resistant type hibiscus nursling by taking hibiscus hamabo as wildstock |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103583360A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-19 | 浙江万里学院 | Method for improving Abelia seedling salt tolerance by oriented induction |
| CN103583360B (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2016-04-13 | 浙江万里学院 | A kind of directional induction improves the method for Abelia biflora nursery stock salt resistance |
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Address after: 200232 No. 899, Wu Long Road, Shanghai, Xuhui District Patentee after: SHANGHAI ACADEMY OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE SCIENCE AND PLANNING Address before: 200232 No. 899, Wu Long Road, Shanghai, Xuhui District Patentee before: SHANGHAI LANDSCAPE GARDENING Research Institute |
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