CN101823951A - 制备2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基乙酸的方法 - Google Patents
制备2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基乙酸的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101823951A CN101823951A CN201010141478A CN201010141478A CN101823951A CN 101823951 A CN101823951 A CN 101823951A CN 201010141478 A CN201010141478 A CN 201010141478A CN 201010141478 A CN201010141478 A CN 201010141478A CN 101823951 A CN101823951 A CN 101823951A
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- KBTIEPAGDOCIDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethyl-4,6-dimethylphenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1CC(O)=O KBTIEPAGDOCIDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 90
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UQBBMJNMUNUZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1Br UQBBMJNMUNUZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 266
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 description 184
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 101
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 81
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 74
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 74
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 71
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 54
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 53
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 47
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 47
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 44
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 43
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 39
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 38
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 38
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 37
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 36
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 34
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 32
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 30
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 28
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 27
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 27
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 241000545593 Scolytinae Species 0.000 description 23
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 23
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 21
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 20
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 19
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 16
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 16
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 15
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 15
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 14
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 13
- 241000231139 Pyricularia Species 0.000 description 13
- 235000005775 Setaria Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 241000232088 Setaria <nematode> Species 0.000 description 13
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 13
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 13
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 13
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 13
- PLHJDBGFXBMTGZ-WEVVVXLNSA-N furazolidone Chemical compound O1C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1\C=N\N1C(=O)OCC1 PLHJDBGFXBMTGZ-WEVVVXLNSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229960001625 furazolidone Drugs 0.000 description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 12
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 12
- NRFQZTCQAYEXEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fenclorim Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 NRFQZTCQAYEXEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 11
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 11
- CPPKAGUPTKIMNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanogen fluoride Chemical compound FC#N CPPKAGUPTKIMNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 11
- COYBRKAVBMYYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-yl [(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate Chemical group C1=CN=C2C(OCC(=O)OC(C)CCCCC)=CC=C(Cl)C2=C1 COYBRKAVBMYYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 10
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 10
- 241000517325 Pediculus Species 0.000 description 10
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 10
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000004765 (C1-C4) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- HKELWJONQIFBPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trichloromethyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound N1=C(C(=O)O)N=C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)N1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl HKELWJONQIFBPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- ROBSGBGTWRRYSK-SNVBAGLBSA-N (2r)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1F ROBSGBGTWRRYSK-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XOSYHDVQTIXXKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-biphenyl;1,3-oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XOSYHDVQTIXXKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 8
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 8
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 8
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- RXCPQSJAVKGONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Flumetsulam Chemical compound N1=C2N=C(C)C=CN2N=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=C(F)C=CC=C1F RXCPQSJAVKGONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YWBVHLJPRPCRSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluridone Chemical compound O=C1C(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)=CN(C)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YWBVHLJPRPCRSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241000258937 Hemiptera Species 0.000 description 7
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- 239000005822 Propiconazole Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 7
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- STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiconazole Chemical compound O1C(CCC)COC1(C=1C(=CC(Cl)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N trifloxystrobin Chemical compound CO\N=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1CO\N=C(/C)C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KAATUXNTWXVJKI-NSHGMRRFSA-N (1R)-cis-(alphaS)-cypermethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 KAATUXNTWXVJKI-NSHGMRRFSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005558 Fluroxypyr Substances 0.000 description 6
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 6
- SBPBAQFWLVIOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorpyrifos Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=NC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl SBPBAQFWLVIOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical class [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
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- XQUXKZZNEFRCAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenpropathrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C)(C)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 XQUXKZZNEFRCAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NYPJDWWKZLNGGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenvalerate Aalpha Natural products C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C(C(C)C)C(=O)OC(C#N)C(C=1)=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 NYPJDWWKZLNGGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MEFQWPUMEMWTJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluroxypyr Chemical compound NC1=C(Cl)C(F)=NC(OCC(O)=O)=C1Cl MEFQWPUMEMWTJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NHDHVHZZCFYRSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyriproxyfen Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1OC(C)COC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 NHDHVHZZCFYRSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004308 thiabendazole Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010296 thiabendazole Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960004546 thiabendazole Drugs 0.000 description 6
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- FFRYUAVNPBUEIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxalin-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(O)=CN=C21 FFRYUAVNPBUEIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- BAZVSMNPJJMILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triadimenol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BAZVSMNPJJMILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940047183 tribulus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HFFZSMFXOBHQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributylstannyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC HFFZSMFXOBHQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- GXPHKUHSUJUWKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N troglitazone Chemical compound C1CC=2C(C)=C(O)C(C)=C(C)C=2OC1(C)COC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1SC(=O)NC1=O GXPHKUHSUJUWKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GXPHKUHSUJUWKP-NTKDMRAZSA-N troglitazone Natural products C([C@@]1(OC=2C(C)=C(C(=C(C)C=2CC1)O)C)C)OC(C=C1)=CC=C1C[C@H]1SC(=O)NC1=O GXPHKUHSUJUWKP-NTKDMRAZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vamidothion Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)SCCSP(=O)(OC)OC LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zineb Chemical compound [Zn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
- A01N47/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom containing —O—CO—O— groups; Thio analogues thereof
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
- A61P33/14—Ectoparasiticides, e.g. scabicides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C233/45—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
- C07C233/46—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C233/47—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/16—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/36—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
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- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Abstract
制备2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基乙酸的方法,包括如果合适,在碱、膦配体、钯化合物和稀释剂的存在下,使2-乙基-4,6-二甲基溴苯与乙酸叔丁基酯反应,并随后与酸反应。
Description
本申请是2004年11月9日提交的名称为“作为杀虫剂和/或除草剂的2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基取代的特特拉姆酸衍生物”的2004800407845发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及新的2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基取代的特特拉姆酸(tetramic acid)衍生物、制备所述衍生物的多种制备方法和中间体、及其用作杀虫剂和/或除草剂的用途。
此外,本发明还涉及新的选择性除草活性化合物结合物(combination),所述结合物包括2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基取代的螺环特特拉姆酸衍生物和至少一种改善作物相容性的化合物,这种结合物可以特别好的效果用于选择性防治各种有益作物中的杂草。
背景技术
已报道3-酰基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮具有药物特性(S.Suzuki等,Chem.Pharm.Bull.15 1120(1967))。而且,N-苯基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮已由R.Schmierer及H.Mildenberger合成(Liebigs Ann.Chem.1985,1095)。上述化合物的生物活性尚未有报道。
EP-A-0 262 399及GB-A-2 266 888公开了相似结构的化合物(3-芳基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮);然而,上述化合物的除草、杀昆虫或杀螨虫作用至今尚未有报道。已知具有除草、杀昆虫或杀螨虫作用的是未取代的双环3-芳基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮衍生物(EP-A-355 599和EP-A-415211)及取代的单环3-芳基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮衍生物(EP-A-377 893和EP-A-442 077)。
同样已知的还有多环3-芳基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮衍生物(EP-A-442073)及1H-芳基吡咯烷二酮衍生物(EP-A-456 063、EP-A-521 334、EP-A-596 298、EP-A-613 884、EP-A-613 885、WO 94/01 997、WO95/26954、WO 95/20 572、EP-A 0 668 267、WO 96/25 395、WO 96 35664、WO 97/01 535、WO 97/02 243、WO 97/36 868、WO 97/43275、WO/98/05638、WO 98/06721、WO 98/25928、WO 99/16748、WO 99/24437、WO 99/43649、WO 99/48869、WO 99/55673、WO 01/09092、WO 01/17972、WO 01/23354、WO 01/74770和WO 03/013249)。
然而,特别是在低施用率及低浓度下,上述化合物的活性和作用谱并不总是完全令人满意。而且,上述化合物与植物的相容性也不总是足够。
发明内容
本发明现提供新的式(I)化合物,
式(I)化合物,
其中,
G代表以下基团之一
其中,
E代表金属离子等同物或铵离子,
L代表氧或硫,
M代表氧或硫,
R1代表各自任选取代的烷基、烯基、烷氧基烷基、烷硫基烷基或多烷氧基烷基,或者代表各自任选被卤素、烷基或烷氧基取代的环烷基或杂环基,或者代表各自任选取代的苯基、苯基烷基、苯基烯基或杂芳基,
R2代表各自任选卤代的烷基、烯基、烷氧基烷基或多烷氧基烷基,或者代表各自任选取代的环烷基、苯基或苄基,
R3、R4和R5彼此独立地代表各自任选卤代的烷基、烷氧基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、烷硫基、烯硫基或环烷基硫基,或者代表各自任选取代的苯基、苄基、苯氧基或苯硫基,
R6和R7彼此独立地代表氢,代表各自任选卤代的烷基、环烷基、烯基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基,代表各自任选取代的苯基或苄基,或者与它们连接的N原子一起形成任选包含氧或硫的任选取代的环,
A代表氢,代表各自任选卤代的烷基、烯基、烷氧基烷基或烷硫基烷基,或者代表任选取代的环烷基,
B代表氢、烷基或烷氧基烷基,
D代表氢,或者代表任选取代的选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基烷基、烷硫基烷基的基团,或任选取代的环烷基,或
A和D与它们所连接的原子一起代表任选包含至少一个杂原子并且在A、D部分未取代或取代的饱和或不饱和的环。
并且,如果
G代表氢(a),则
A代表氢或烷基,
B代表氢或烷基,
D代表任选取代的选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基烷基、烷硫基烷基的基团,或任选取代的环烷基,或者
A和D与它们所连接的原子一起代表任选包含至少一个杂原子并且在A、D部分未取代或取代的饱和或不饱和的环。
在各种性质中,主要依据取代基的性质,式(I)化合物可以几何和/或旋光异构体的形式存在,或者以不同组成的异构体混合物形式存在,所述混合物如果需要可通过常规方式分离。本发明提供了纯异构体和异构体混合物,它们的制备方法和用途,以及包含它们的组合物。然而,为简便起见,下文中仅称式(I)化合物,但其含义既指纯化合物,并且如果合适也指不同比例的异构化合物的混合物。
把基团G的(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)、(e)、(f)及(g)不同含义包括在内,得出以下(I-a)至(I-g)基本结构:
其中
A、B、D、E、L、M、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和R7定义如上。
此外,还发现新的式(I)化合物通过以下所述方法之一制得:
(A)式(I-a)化合物通过如下反应制备:
在稀释剂的存在下,并且在碱的存在下,使式(II)化合物发生分子内缩合,
其中,
A、B和D定义如上,
其中A、B和D定义如上,并且
R8代表烷基(优选C1-C6烷基)。
(B)上文所示式(I-b)化合物通过如下反应制备,其中式(I-b)的A、B、D和R1定义如上:
使上文所示式(I-a)化合物或第9页所示式(I-a’)化合物与以下化合物反应,其中式(I-a)和式(I-a’)的A、B和D分别定义如上,
α)如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,与式(III)酰卤反应,
其中,
R1定义如上,并且
Hal代表卤素(优选氯或溴)
或者
β)如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,与式(IV)酸酐反应,
R1-CO-O-CO-R1 (IV)
其中,
R1定义如上。
(C)上文所示式(I-c)化合物通过以下反应制备,其中式(I-c)的A、B、D、R2和M定义如上,并且L代表氧,
如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,使上文所示式(I-a)化合物或第9页所示式(I-a’)化合物分别与式(V)的氯代甲酸酯或氯代甲酸硫酯反应,其中式(I-a)和式(I-a’)的A、B和D分别定义如上,
R2-M-CO-Cl (V)
其中,
R2和M定义如上。
(D)上文所示式(I-c)化合物通过以下反应制备,其中式(I-c)的A、B、D、R2和M定义如上,并且L代表硫:
使上文所示式(I-a)化合物或第9页所示式(I-a’)化合物分别与以下化合物反应,其中式(I-a)和式(I-a’)的A、B和D分别定义如上,
α)如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,与式(VI)的氯代单硫代甲酸酯或氯代二硫代甲酸酯反应,
其中,
M和R2定义如上,
或者
β)如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在碱的存在下,与二硫化碳反应,随后与式(VII)化合物反应,
R2-Hal (VII)
其中,
R2定义如上,并且
Hal代表氯、溴或碘。
(E)上文所示式(I-d)化合物通过以下反应制备,其中式(I-d)的A、B、D和R3定义如上,
如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,上文所示式(I-a)化合物或第9页所示式(I-a’)化合物分别与式(VIII)磺酰氯反应,其中式(I-a)和式(I-a’)的A、B和D分别定义如上,
R3-SO2-Cl (VIII)
其中,
R3定义如上。
(F)上文所示式(I-e)化合物通过以下反应制备,其中式(I-e)的A、B、D、L、R4和R5定义如上,
如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,上文所示式(I-a)化合物或第9页所示式(I-a’)化合物分别与式(IX)磷化合物反应,其中式(I-a)和式(I-a’)的A、B和D定义如上,
其中
L、R4和R5定义如上,并且
Hal代表卤素(特别是氯或溴)。
(G)上文所示式(I-f)化合物通过以下反应制备,其中式(I-f)的A、B、D和E定义如上,
如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,上文所示式(I-a)化合物或第9页所示式(I-a’)化合物分别与式(X)金属化合物或式(XI)胺反应,其中式(I-a)和式(I-a’)的A、B和D定义如上,
Me(OR10)t (X)
其中,
Me代表一价或二价金属(优选碱金属或碱土金属,例如锂、钠、钾、镁或钙),
t代表数字1或2,并且
R10、R11、R12彼此独立地代表氢或烷基(优选C1-C8烷基)。
(H)上文所示式(I-g)化合物通过以下反应制备,其中式(I-g)的A、B、D、L、R6和R7定义如上,
上文所示式(I-a)化合物或第9页所示式(I-a’)化合物分别与以下化合物反应,其中式(I-a)和式(I-a’)的A、B和D定义如上,
α)如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在催化剂的存在下,与式(XII)异氰酸酯或异硫氰酸酯反应,
R6-N=C=L (XII)
其中,
R6和L定义如上,
或者
β)如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,与式(XIII)氨基甲酰氯或硫代氨基甲酰氯反应,
其中
L、R6和R7定义如上。
此外,还发现新的式(I)化合物是高活性杀虫剂,优选杀昆虫剂和/或杀螨虫剂和/或除草剂。
出人意料的是,现已发现某些取代的环状的酮基烯醇在与下述改善作物相容性的化合物(安全剂/解毒剂)一起使用时,非常适于防止对作物的破坏,并可特别有利地用作广谱有效结合物制剂,用于选择性防治有益植物作物中不想要的植物,所述有益植物例如谷物,以及玉米、大豆和水稻。
本发明还提供了包括有效量活性化合物结合物的选择性除草组合物,所述结合物包括以下组分:
(a′)至少一种式(I)的取代的环状的酮基烯醇,其中A、B、D和G定义如上,
或者
(b′)至少一种式(I-a′)取代的环状的酮基烯醇,
其中,
G代表氢(a),
A代表氢,代表各自任选卤代的烷基、烯基、烷氧基烷基或烷硫基烷基,或者代表任选取代的环烷基,
B代表氢、烷基或烷氧基烷基,
以及
(c′)至少一种选自以下化合物的改善作物相容性的化合物:
4-二氯乙酰基-1-氧杂-4-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷(AD-67,MON-4660)、
1-二氯乙酰基六氢-3,3,8a-三甲基吡咯并[1,2-a]嘧啶-6(2H)-酮(dicyclonon,BAS-145138)、
4-二氯乙酰基-3,4-二氢-3-甲基-2H-1,4-苯并噁嗪(解草嗪(benoxacor))、
5-氯喹啉-8-氧基乙酸-1-甲基己酯(解草酯(cloquintocet-mexyl),参见EP-A-86750、EP-A-94349、EP-A-191736、EP-A-492366中相关化合物)、
3-(2-氯苯甲基)-1-(1-甲基-1-苯基乙基)脲(苄草隆(cumyluron))、
α-(氰基甲氧亚氨基)苯乙腈(解草胺腈(cyometrinil))、
2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸(2,4-D)、
4-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)丁酸(2,4-DB)、
1-(1-甲基-1-苯基乙基)-3-(4-甲基苯基)脲(香草隆(daimuron、dymron))、
3,6-二氯-2-甲氧基苯甲酸(麦草畏(dicamba))、
哌啶-1-硫代羧酸-S-1-甲基-1-苯基乙酯(哌草丹(dimepiperate))、
2,2-二氯-N-(2-氧代-2-(2-丙烯基氨基)乙基)-N-(2-丙烯基)乙酰胺(DKA-24)、
2,2-二氯-N,N-二-2-丙烯基乙酰胺(烯丙酰草胺(dichlormid))、
4,6-二氯-2-苯基嘧啶(解草啶(fenclorim))、
1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-三氯甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-羧酸乙酯(解草唑(fenchlorazole-ethyl),参见EP-A-174562和EP-A-346620中相关化合物)、
2-氯-4-三氟甲基噻唑-5-羧酸苯甲酯(解草胺(flurazole))、
4-氯-N-(1,3-二氧戊环-2-基甲氧基)-α-三氟苯乙酮肟(氟草肟(fluxofenim))、
3-二氯乙酰基-5-(2-呋喃基)-2,2-二甲基噁唑烷(解草噁唑(furilazole),MON-13900)、
4,5-二氢-5,5-二苯基-3-异噁唑羧酸乙酯(双苯噁唑酸(isoxadifen-ethyl),参见WO-A-95/07897中相关化合物)、
3,6-二氯-2-甲氧基苯甲酸-1-(乙氧基羰基)乙酯(lactidichlor)、
(4-氯-邻-甲苯氧基)乙酸(MCPA)、
2-(4-氯-邻-甲苯氧基)丙酸(2甲4氯丙酸(mecoprop))、
1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3,5-二羧酸二乙酯(吡唑解草酯(mefenpyr-diethyl),参见WO-A-91/07874中相关化合物)、
2-二氯甲基-2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环烷(MG-191)、
2-丙烯基-1-氧杂-4-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-4-二硫代羧酸酯(MG-838)、
1,8-萘二甲酸酐、
α-(1,3-二氧戊环-2-基甲氧亚氨基)苯乙腈(解草腈(oxabetrinil))、
2,2-二氯-N-(1,3-二氧戊环-2-基甲基)-N-(2-丙烯基)乙酰胺(PPG-1292)、
3-二氯乙酰基-2,2-二甲基噁唑烷(R-28725)、
3-二氯乙酰基-2,2,5-三甲基噁唑烷(R-29148)、
4-(4-氯-邻-甲苯基)丁酸、
4-(4-氯苯氧基)丁酸、
二苯基甲氧基乙酸、
二苯基甲氧基乙酸甲酯、
二苯基甲氧基乙酸乙酯、
1-(2-氯苯基)-5-苯基-1H-吡唑-3-羧酸甲酯、
1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-羧酸乙酯、
1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-异丙基-1H-吡唑-3-羧酸乙酯、
1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-1H-吡唑-3-羧酸乙酯、
1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-苯基-1H-吡唑-3-羧酸乙酯(参见EP-A-269806和EP-A-333131中相关化合物)、
5-(2,4-二氯苯甲基)-2-异噁唑啉-3-羧酸乙酯、
5-苯基-2-异噁唑啉-3-羧酸乙酯、
5-(4-氟苯基)-5-苯基-2-异噁唑啉-3-羧酸乙酯(参见WO-A-91/08202中相关化合物)、
5-氯喹啉-8-氧基乙酸-1,3-二甲基丁-1-基酯、
5-氯喹啉-8-氧基乙酸-4-烯丙氧基丁酯、
5-氯喹啉-8-氧基乙酸-1-烯丙氧基丙-2-基酯、
5-氯喹喔啉-8-氧基乙酸甲酯、
5-氯喹啉-8-氧基乙酸乙酯、
5-氯喹喔啉-8-氧基乙酸烯丙酯、
5-氯喹啉-8-氧基乙酸-2-氧代丙-1-基酯、
5-氯喹啉-8-氧基丙二酸二乙酯、
5-氯喹喔啉-8-氧基丙二酸二烯丙酯、
5-氯喹啉-8-氧基丙二酸二乙酯(参见EP-A-582198中相关化合物)、
4-羧基苯并二氢吡喃-4-基乙酸(AC-304415,参见EP-A-613618)、
4-氯苯氧基乙酸、
3,3′-二甲基-4-甲氧基二苯酮、
1-溴-4-氯甲基磺酰基苯、
1-[4-(N-2-甲氧基苯甲酰基氨磺酰基)苯基]-3-甲基脲(即N-(2-甲氧基苯甲酰基)-4-[(甲基氨基羰基)氨基]苯磺酰胺)、
1-[4-(N-2-甲氧基苯甲酰基氨磺酰基)苯基]-3,3-二甲基脲、
1-[4-(N-4,5-二甲基苯甲酰基氨磺酰基)苯基]-3-甲基脲、
1-[4-(N-萘基氨磺酰基)苯基]-3,3-二甲基脲、
N-(2-甲氧基-5-甲基苯甲酰基)-4-(环丙基氨基羰基)苯磺酰胺,
和/或以下由通式定义的化合物之一,
通式(IIa)
或通式(IIb)
或通式(IIc)
其中
m代表数字0、1、2、3、4或5,
A1代表以下所示二价杂环基团之一
n代表数字0、1、2、3、4或5,
A2代表任选被C1-C4烷基和/或C1-C4烷氧基羰基和/或C1-C4烯氧基羰基取代的具有1或2个碳原子的烷二基,
R14代表羟基、巯基、氨基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基氨基或二-(C1-C4烷基)氨基,
R15代表羟基、巯基、氨基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烯氧基、C1-C6烯氧基-C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基氨基或二-(C1-C4烷基)氨基,
R16代表各自任选被氟、氯和/或溴取代的C1-C4烷基,
R17代表氢、各自任选被氟、氯和/或溴取代的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基或C2-C6炔基、C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C4烷基、二氧戊环基-C1-C4烷基、呋喃基、呋喃基-C1-C4烷基、噻吩基、噻唑基、哌啶基、或任选被氟、氯和/或溴或C1-C4烷基取代的苯基,
R18代表氢、各自任选被氟、氯和/或溴取代的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基或C2-C6炔基、C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C4烷基、二氧戊环基-C1-C4烷基、呋喃基、呋喃基-C1-C4烷基、噻吩基、噻唑基、哌啶基、或任选被氟、氯和/或溴或C1-C4烷基取代的苯基,R17和R18还一起任选代表各自任选被C1-C4烷基、苯基、呋喃基、稠合苯环或被两个取代基取代的C3-C6烷二基或C2-C5氧杂烷二基,所述两个取代基与它们所连接的C原子一起形成5或6元碳环,
R19代表氢、氰基、卤素,或者代表各自任选被氟、氯和/或溴取代的C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基或苯基,
R20代表氢、任选被羟基、氰基、卤素或C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基或三-(C1-C4烷基)甲硅烷基,
R21代表氢、氰基、卤素,或者代表各自任选被氟、氯和/或溴取代的C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基或苯基,
X1代表硝基、氰基、卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4卤代烷氧基,
X2代表氢、氰基、硝基、卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4卤代烷氧基,
X3代表氢、氰基、硝基、卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4卤代烷氧基,
和/或以下由通式定义的化合物,
通式(IId)
或通式(IIe)
其中
t代表数字0、1、2、3、4或5,
v代表数字0、1、2、3、4或5,
R22代表氢或C1-C4烷基,
R23代表氢或C1-C4烷基,
R24代表氢、各自任选被氰基、卤素或C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基氨基或二-(C1-C4烷基)氨基、或各自任选被氰基、卤素或C1-C4烷基取代的C3-C6环烷基、C3-C6环烷基氧基、C3-C6环烷基硫基或C3-C6环烷基氨基,
R25代表氢、任选被氰基、羟基、卤素或C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C6烷基、各自任选被氰基或卤素取代的C3-C6烯基或C3-C6炔基、或任选被氰基、卤素或C1-C4烷基取代的C3-C6环烷基,
R26代表氢、任选被氰基、羟基、卤素或C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C6烷基、各自任选被氰基或卤素取代的C3-C6烯基或C3-C6炔基、任选被氰基、卤素或C1-C4烷基取代的C3-C6环烷基、或任选被硝基、氰基、卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4卤代烷氧基取代的苯基,或者与R25一起代表各自任选被C1-C4烷基取代的C2-C6烷二基或C2-C5氧杂烷二基,
X4代表硝基、氰基、羧基、氨基甲酰基、甲酰基、氨磺酰基、羟基、氨基、卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4卤代烷氧基,并且
X5代表硝基、氰基、羧基、氨基甲酰基、甲酰基、氨磺酰基、羟基、氨基、卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4卤代烷氧基。
具体实施方式
式(I)提供了本发明化合物的宽泛定义。以上及以下列出的结构式中的优选取代基或基团范围如下阐述:
如果G优选代表氢(a),则
A优选代表氢或C1-C8烷基,
B优选代表氢或C1-C6烷基,
D优选代表各自任选被卤素单取代至五取代的C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烯基、C1-C6烷氧基-C2-C4烷基或C1-C6烷硫基-C2-C4烷基,代表任选被卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C2卤代烷基单取代至三取代的C3-C8环烷基,
A和D一起代表C3-C6烷二基或C3-C6烯二基,其中各自任选有一个亚甲基被氧或硫代替,并且各自任选被卤素、羟基、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基单取代或二取代,或者各自任选被另一个形成稠环的C3-C6烷二基、C3-C6烯二基或C4-C6链二烯二基(alkanedienediyl)单取代或二取代,
并且,如果
G优选代表以下基团之一
其中,
E代表金属离子等同物或铵离子,
L代表氧或硫,并且
M代表氧或硫,
R1 优选代表各自任选被卤素单取代至七取代、被氰基单取代或二取代、被COR13、C=N-OR13、CO2R13或单取代的C1-C20烷基、C2-C20烯基、C1-C6烷氧基-C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷硫基-C1-C6烷基或多C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C4烷基,或者代表任选被卤素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基单取代至三取代的C3-C8环烷基,所述环烷基中任选一个或两个不直接相邻的亚甲基被氧和/或硫代替,
代表各自任选被卤素、氰基、硝基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基或C1-C6烷基磺酰基单取代至三取代的苯基、苯基-C1-C2烷基或苯基-C2烯基,
代表任选被卤素或C1-C6烷基单取代或二取代的5或6元杂芳基,所述杂芳基包含一个或两个选自氧、硫和氮的杂原子,
R2 优选各自任选单卤代至三卤代的C1-C20烷基、C2-C20烯基、C1-C6烷氧基-C2-C6烷基或多C1-C6烷氧基-C2-C6烷基,
代表任选被卤素、C1-C6烷基或C1-C6烷氧基单取代或二取代的C3-C8环烷基,或者
代表各自任选被卤素、氰基、硝基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷基或C1-C6卤代烷氧基单取代至三取代的苯基或苄基,
R3 优选任选单卤代至多卤代的C1-C8烷基,或者代表各自任选被卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、氰基或硝基单取代或二取代的苯基或苄基,
R4和R5彼此独立地优选代表各自任选单卤代至三卤代的C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、C1-C8烷基氨基、二-(C1-C8烷基)氨基、C1-C8烷硫基或C2-C8烯硫基,或者代表各自任选被卤素、硝基、氰基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4卤代烷硫基、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4卤代烷基单取代至三取代的苯基、苯氧基或苯硫基,
R6和R7彼此独立地优选代表氢,代表各自任选单卤代至三卤代的C1-C8烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、C3-C8烯基或C1-C8烷氧基-C2-C8烷基,代表各自任选被卤素、C1-C8烷基、C1-C8卤代烷基或C1-C8烷氧基单取代至三取代的苯基或苄基,或者一起代表任选被C1-C4烷基单取代或二取代的C3-C6亚烷基,所述亚烷基中任选一个亚甲基被氧或硫代替,
R13 优选各自任选单卤代至三卤代的C1-C6烷基、C3-C6烯基、C3-C6炔基或C1-C4烷氧基-C2-C4烷基,或者代表任选被卤素、C1-C2烷基或C1-C2烷氧基单取代或二取代的C3-C6环烷基,所述环烷基中任选一个或两个不直接相邻的亚甲基被氧代替,
R13′优选氢、C1-C6烷基或C3-C6烯基,则
A优选代表氢,代表各自任选单卤代至三卤代的C1-C8烷基、C2-C8烯基、C1-C6烷氧基-C1-C4烷基或C1-C6烷硫基-C1-C4烷基,代表任选被卤素、C1-C6烷基或C1-C6烷氧基单取代至三取代的C3-C8环烷基,
B优选代表氢、C1-C6烷基或C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C2烷基,或
D优选代表氢,代表各自任选单卤代至三卤代的C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烯基、C1-C6烷氧基-C2-C4烷基或C1-C6烷硫基-C2-C4烷基,代表任选被卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C2卤代烷基单取代至三取代的C3-C8环烷基,
A和D一起优选代表C3-C6烷二基或C3-C6烯二基,其中各自任选有一个亚甲基被氧或硫代替,并且各自任选被卤素、羟基、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基单取代或二取代,或者各自任选被另一个形成稠环的C3-C6烷二基、C3-C6烯二基或C4-C6链二烯二基单取代或二取代。
在作为优选提出的基团定义中,卤素代表氟、氯、溴和碘,特别是氟、氯和溴。
如果
G特别优选代表氢(a),则
A特别优选代表氢或C1-C6烷基,
B特别优选代表氢或C1-C4烷基,
D特别优选代表各自任选被氟或氯单取代至三取代的C1-C6烷基、C3-C6烯基、C1-C4烷氧基-C2-C3烷基或C1-C4烷硫基-C2-C3烷基,代表任选被氟、氯、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2烷氧基或三氟甲基单取代或二取代的C3-C6环烷基,或者
A和D一起特别优选代表其中任选一个亚甲基被氧或硫代替并且任选被C1-C2烷基或C1-C2烷氧基单取代或二取代的C3-C5烷二基,
或者A和D与它们所连接的原子一起代表基团AD-1至AD-10之一,
并且,如果
G特别优选代表以下基团之一
其中,
E代表金属离子等同物或铵离子,
L代表氧或硫,并且
M代表氧或硫,
R1 特别优选代表各自任选被氟或氯单取代至五取代、被氰基单取代、或被CO-R13、C=N-OR13或CO2R13单取代的C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C2烷基、多C1-C3烷氧基-C1-C2烷基或C1-C4烷硫基-C1-C2烷基,或者代表任选被氟、氯、C1-C2烷基或C1-C2烷氧基单取代或二取代的C3-C6环烷基,所述环烷基中任选一个或两个不直接相邻的亚甲基被氧代替,
代表各自任选被氟、氯、溴、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C4烷基磺酰基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C2卤代烷基或C1-C2卤代烷氧基单取代或二取代的苯基或苄基,
代表各自任选被氟、氯、溴或C1-C2烷基单取代或二取代的吡唑基、噻唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、呋喃基或噻吩基,
R2 特别优选代表各自任选被氟或氯单取代至三取代的C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C1-C4烷氧基-C2-C4烷基或多C1-C4烷氧基-C2-C4烷基,
代表任选被C1-C2烷基或C1-C2烷氧基单取代的C3-C7环烷基,或者
代表各自任选被氟、氯、溴、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷基、甲氧基、三氟甲基或三氟甲氧基单取代或二取代的苯基或苄基,
R3 特别优选代表任选被氟或氯单取代至三取代的C1-C4烷基,或者代表各自任选被氟、氯、溴、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、氰基或硝基单取代的苯基或苄基,
R4和R5彼此独立地特别优选代表各自任选被氟或氯单取代至三取代的C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基氨基、二-(C1-C6烷基)氨基、C1-C6烷硫基或C3-C4烯硫基,或者代表各自任选被氟、氯、溴、硝基、氰基、C1-C3烷氧基、三氟甲氧基、C1-C3烷硫基、C1-C3烷基或三氟甲基单取代或二取代的苯基、苯氧基或苯硫基,
R6和R7彼此独立地特别优选代表氢,代表各自任选被氟或氯单取代至三取代的C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C3-C6烯基或C1-C6烷氧基-C2-C6烷基,代表任选被氟、氯、溴、三氟甲基、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基单取代或二取代的苯基,或者一起代表任选被甲基单取代或二取代的C5-C6亚烷基,所述亚烷基中任选一个亚甲基被氧代替,
R13代表C1-C4烷基、C3-C4烯基、C3-C4炔基或C1-C4烷氧基-C2-C3烷基,或者代表其中任选一个亚甲基被氧代替的C3-C6环烷基,则
A特别优选代表氢,代表各自任选被氟或氯单取代至三取代的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C3烷基或C1-C4烷硫基-C1-C3烷基,或者代表任选被氟、氯、C1-C2烷基或C1-C2烷氧基单取代或二取代的C3-C6环烷基,
B特别优选代表氢、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C2烷基,
D特别优选代表氢,或者
D还特别优选代表各自任选被氟或氯单取代至三取代的C1-C6烷基、C3-C6烯基、C1-C4烷氧基-C2-C3烷基或C1-C4烷硫基-C2-C3烷基,代表任选被氟、氯、C1-C2烷基、C1-C2烷氧基或三氟甲基单取代或二取代的C3-C6环烷基,条件是这时
A仅代表氢或C1-C3烷基,或者
A和D一起特别优选代表其中任选一个亚甲基被氧或硫代替并且任选被C1-C2烷基或C1-C2烷氧基单取代或二取代的C3-C5烷二基,
或者A和D与它们所连接的原子一起代表基团AD-1至AD-10之一,
在作为特别优选提出的基团定义中,卤素代表氟、氯和溴,特别是氟和氯。
如果
G极特别优选代表氢(a),则
A极特别优选代表氢、甲基或乙基,
B极特别优选代表氢,
D极特别优选代表甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、环丙基、环戊基或环己基,
A和D一起极特别优选代表其中任选一个亚甲基被氧或硫代替并且任选被甲基单取代或二取代的C3-C4烷二基,
或者A和D与它们所连接的原子一起代表如下基团:
并且,如果
G极特别优选代表以下基团之一
其中,
L代表氧,并且
M代表氧或硫,
R1 极特别优选代表各自任选被氟或氯单取代至三取代的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C1-C2烷氧基-C1-C2烷基、C1-C2烷硫基-C1-C2烷基或多C1-C2烷氧基-C1-C2烷基,或者代表各自任选被氟、氯、甲基、乙基或甲氧基单取代的环丙基、环戊基或环己基,
代表任选被氟、氯、溴、氰基、硝基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、甲基亚磺酰基、乙基亚磺酰基、甲基磺酰基、乙基磺酰基、三氟甲基或三氟甲氧基单取代的苯基,
代表各自任选被氯、溴或甲基单取代的呋喃基、噻吩基或吡啶基,
R2 极特别优选代表C1-C8烷基、C2-C6烯基或C1-C3烷氧基-C2-C3烷基、环戊基或环己基,
或者代表各自任选被氟、氯、溴、氰基、硝基、甲基、甲氧基、三氟甲基或三氟甲氧基单取代的苯基或苄基,
R3 极特别优选代表任选被氟或氯单取代至三取代的C1-C4烷基,或者代表各自任选被氟、氯、溴、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、氰基或硝基单取代的苯基或苄基,
R6 极特别优选代表氢,代表C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基或烯丙基,代表任选被氟、氯、溴、甲基、甲氧基或三氟甲基单取代的苯基,
R7 极特别优选代表甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基或烯丙基,
R6和R7一起极特别优选代表其中任选一个亚甲基被氧代替的C5-C6亚烷基,则
A极特别优选代表氢、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、三氟甲基、环丙基、环戊基或环己基,
B极特别优选代表氢、甲基或乙基,
D极特别优选代表氢,或者
D还极特别优选代表甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、环丙基、环戊基或环己基,条件是这时
A仅代表氢、甲基或乙基,
A和D一起极特别优选代表其中任选一个亚甲基被氧或硫代替并且任选被甲基单取代或二取代的C3-C4烷二基,或者
A和D与它们所连接的原子一起代表如下基团:
如果
G尤其优选代表氢(a),则
A尤其优选代表氢、甲基或乙基,
B尤其优选代表氢,
D尤其优选代表甲基、乙基或环丙基,环戊基,
A和D与它们所连接的原子一起尤其优选代表如下基团:
并且,如果
G尤其优选代表以下基团之一
或者-SO2-R3(d),
其中,
L代表氧,并且
M代表氧,
R1 尤其优选代表C1-C6烷基或C1-C2烷氧基-C1-C2烷基,
R2 尤其优选代表C1-C8烷基,
R3 尤其优选代表C1-C4烷基,
则
A尤其优选代表氢、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基或异丁基,
B尤其优选代表氢、甲基或乙基,
D尤其优选代表氢,或者
D还尤其优选代表甲基、乙基或环丙基,条件是这时
A仅代表氢、甲基或乙基,
A和D与它们所连接的原子一起尤其优选代表如下基团:
上述宽泛的或优选的基团定义或说明可按需彼此组合,即,包括各自范围和优选范围之间的组合。这既适用于最终产物,并相应地也适用于前体和中间体。
本发明优选的式(I)化合物,包含上述优选含义的组合。
本发明特别优选的式(I)化合物,包含上述特别优选含义的组合。
本发明极特别优选的式(I)化合物,包含上述极特别优选含义的组合。
本发明尤其优选的式(I)化合物,包含上述尤其优选含义的组合。
饱和或不饱和烃基,例如烷基、烷二基或烯基,包括与杂原子的组合,例如烷氧基,均可以分别是直链或带有支链的。
任选取代的基团可以是单取代或多取代的,其中在多取代的情况下,取代基可以相同或不同。
除制备实施例中提出的化合物之外,还可明确提出以下式(I-b)和式(I-c)化合物:
表1:
A、B和D如表1所述
表2 G=CH3-CO
表3 G=C2H5-CO
表4 G=C3H7-CO
表5 G=i-C3H7-CO
表6 G=C4H9-CO
表7 G=i-C4H9-CO
表8 G=s-C4H9-CO
表9 G=t-C4H9-CO
表11 G=H3C-O-CH2-CO
表12 G=H5C2-O-CH2-CO
表13 G=H3C-S-CH2-CO
表14 G=H5C2-S-CH2-CO
表15 G=CH3-O-CO
表16 G=C2H5-O-CO
表17 G=C3H7-O-CO
表18 G=i-C3H7-O-CO
表19 G=C4H9-O-CO
表20 G=i-C4H9-O-CO
表21 G=s-C4H9-O-CO
表22 G=t-C4H9-O-CO
表23 G=t-C4H9-CH2-O-CO
表24 G=C6H5-CH2-O-CO
表25 G=C6H5-O-CO
表26 G=CH3-S-CO
表27 G=C2H5-S-CO
表28 G=C3H7-S-CO
表29 G=i-C3H7-S-CO
表30 G=C4H9-S-CO
表31 G=i-C4H9-S-CO
表32 G=s-C4H9-S-CO
表33 G=t-C4H9-S-CO
表34 G=C6H5-CH2-S-CO
表35 G=C6H5-S-CO
除制备实施例中提出的化合物之外,还可明确提出以下式(I-a)化合物:
作为与改善作物相容性的化合物(除草剂安全剂)相结合的活性化合物的上述式(I-a’)环状的酮基烯醇的优选含义定义如下。
优选这样的式(I-a’)化合物,其中
G优选代表氢(a),
A优选代表氢、C1-C8烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基,或者代表任选被卤素、C1-C6烷基或C1-C6烷氧基单取代至三取代的C3-C8烷基,或者代表任选被卤素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基单取代至三取代的C3-C6环烷基,
B优选代表氢、C1-C6烷基或C1-C6烷氧基-C1-C4烷基。
特别优选这样的式(I-a’)化合物,其中
G特别优选代表氢(a),
A特别优选代表氢、C1-C6烷基、具有1至3个氟原子的C1-C2卤代烷基或C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C3烷基,或者代表任选被氟、氯、C1-C2烷基或C1-C2烷氧基单取代或二取代的C3-C6环烷基,
B特别优选代表氢、C1-C2烷基或C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C2烷基。
极特别优选这样的式(I-a’)化合物,其中
G极特别优选代表氢(a),
A极特别优选代表甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、三氟甲基、环丙基、环戊基或环己基,
B极特别优选代表氢、甲基或乙基。
尤其优选下表提出的式(I-a’)化合物:
表
与式(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIc)、(IId)和(IIe)的改善作物相容性化合物(“除草剂安全剂”)相关的上述基团的优选含义定义如下。
m优选代表数字0、1、2、3或4。
A1优选代表以下所示二价杂环基团之一
n优选代表数字0、1、2、3或4。
A2优选代表各自任选被甲基、乙基、甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基或烯丙氧基羰基取代的亚甲基或亚乙基,
R14优选代表羟基、巯基、氨基、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基或叔丁氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基或异丙硫基、正丁硫基、异丁硫基、仲丁硫基或叔丁硫基、甲基氨基、乙基氨基、正丙基氨基或异丙基氨基、正丁基氨基、异丁基氨基、仲丁基氨基或叔丁基氨基、二甲基氨基或二乙基氨基,
R15优选代表羟基、巯基、氨基、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基或叔丁氧基、1-甲基己氧基、烯丙氧基、1-烯丙氧基甲基乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基或异丙硫基、正丁硫基、异丁硫基、仲丁硫基或叔丁硫基、甲基氨基、乙基氨基、正丙基氨基或异丙基氨基、正丁基氨基、异丁基氨基、仲丁基氨基或叔丁基氨基、二甲基氨基或二乙基氨基,
R16优选代表各自任选被氟、氯和/或溴取代的甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基,
R17优选代表氢、各自任选被氟和/或氯取代的甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基、丙烯基、丁烯基、丙炔基或丁炔基、甲氧基甲基、乙氧基甲基、甲氧基乙基、乙氧基乙基、二氧戊环基甲基、呋喃基、呋喃基甲基、噻吩基、噻唑基、哌啶基、或任选被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基取代的苯基,
R18优选代表氢、各自任选被氟和/或氯取代的甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基、丙烯基、丁烯基、丙炔基或丁炔基、甲氧基甲基、乙氧基甲基、甲氧基乙基、乙氧基乙基、二氧戊环基甲基、呋喃基、呋喃基甲基、噻吩基、噻唑基、哌啶基,或任选被氟、氯、甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基取代的苯基,或者与R17一起代表任选被甲基、乙基、呋喃基、苯基、稠合苯环取代的或被两个取代基取代的基团-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-和-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-之一,所述两个取代基与和它们所连接的C原子一起形成5或6元碳环,
R19优选代表氢、氰基、氟、氯、溴,或者代表各自任选被氟、氯和/或溴取代的甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基或苯基,
R20优选代表氢、任选被羟基、氰基、氟、氯、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基取代的甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基,
R21优选代表氢、氰基、氟、氯、溴,或者代表各自任选被氟、氯、和/或溴取代的甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基或苯基,
X1优选代表硝基、氰基、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基、二氟甲基、二氯甲基、三氟甲基、三氯甲基、氯代二氟甲基、氟代二氯甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基、二氟甲氧基或三氟甲氧基,
X2优选代表氢、硝基、氰基、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基、二氟甲基、二氯甲基、三氟甲基、三氯甲基、氯代二氟甲基、氟代二氯甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基、二氟甲氧基或三氟甲氧基,
X3优选代表氢、硝基、氰基、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基、二氟甲基、二氯甲基、三氟甲基、三氯甲基、氯代二氟甲基、氟代二氯甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基、二氟甲氧基或三氟甲氧基,
t优选代表数字0、1、2、3或4,
v优选代表数字0、1、2、3或4,
R22优选代表氢、甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基,
R23优选代表氢、甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基,
R24优选代表氢、各自任选被氰基、氟、氯、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基取代的甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基或叔丁氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基或异丙硫基、正丁硫基、异丁硫基、仲丁硫基或叔丁硫基、甲基氨基、乙基氨基、正丙基氨基或异丙基氨基、正丁基氨基、异丁基氨基、仲丁基氨基或叔丁基氨基、二甲基氨基或二乙基氨基、或各自任选被氰基、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基取代的环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环丙基氧基、环丁基氧基、环戊基氧基、环己基氧基、环丙基硫基、环丁基硫基、环戊基硫基、环己基硫基、环丙基氨基、环丁基氨基、环戊基氨基或环己基氨基,
R25优选代表氢、各自任选被氰基、羟基、氟、氯、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基取代的甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基或仲丁基、各自任选被氰基、氟、氯或溴取代的丙烯基、丁烯基、丙炔基或丁炔基、或各自任选被氰基、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基取代的环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基,
R26优选代表氢、各自任选被氰基、羟基、氟、氯、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基取代的甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基或仲丁基、各自任选被氰基、氟、氯或溴取代的丙烯基、丁烯基、丙炔基或丁炔基、各自任选被氰基、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基取代的环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基、或任选被硝基、氰基、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基、二氟甲氧基或三氟甲氧基取代的苯基,或者与R25一起代表各自任选被甲基或乙基取代的丁-1,4-二基(1,3-亚丙基)、戊-1,5-二基、1-氧杂丁-1,4-二基或3-氧杂戊-1,5-二基,
X4优选代表硝基、氰基、羧基、氨基甲酰基、甲酰基、氨磺酰基、羟基、氨基、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基、二氟甲氧基或三氟甲氧基,
X5优选代表硝基、氰基、羧基、氨基甲酰基、甲酰基、氨磺酰基、羟基、氨基、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基、二氟甲氧基或三氟甲氧基。
本发明极特别优选作为除草剂安全剂的式(IIa)化合物的实例列于下表2中。
表2:式(IIa)化合物实例
本发明极特别优选作为除草剂安全剂的式(IIb)化合物的实例列于下表3中。
表3:式(IIb)化合物实例
本发明极特别优选作为除草剂安全剂的式(IIc)化合物的实例列于下表4中。
表4:式(IIc)化合物实例
本发明极特别优选作为除草剂安全剂的式(IId)化合物的实例列于下表5中。
表5:式(IId)化合物实例
本发明极特别优选作为除草剂安全剂的式(IIe)化合物的实例列于下表6中。
表6:式(IIe)化合物实例
最优选作为改善作物相容性的化合物[组分(c′)]有:解草酯、解草唑、双苯噁唑酸、吡唑解草酯、解草噁唑、解草啶、苄草隆、香草隆、哌草丹及化合物IIe-5和IIe-11,特别强调解草酯和吡唑解草酯。
分别包括一种式(I)活性化合物和一种上述安全剂的本发明的选择性除草结合物的实例列于下表7中。
表7:本发明结合物实例
式(I)活性化合物 | 安全剂 |
I-a | 解草酯 |
I-a | 解草唑 |
I-a | 双苯噁唑酸 |
I-a | 吡唑解草酯 |
I-a | 解草噁唑 |
I-a | 解草啶 |
I-a | 苄草隆 |
I-a | 香草隆 |
I-a | 哌草丹 |
I-a | IIe-11 |
式(I)活性化合物 | 安全剂 |
I-a | IIe-5 |
I-b | 解草酯 |
I-b | 解草唑 |
I-b | 双苯噁唑酸 |
I-b | 吡唑解草酯 |
I-b | 解草噁唑 |
I-b | 解草啶 |
式(I)活性化合物 | 安全剂 |
I-b | 苄草隆 |
I-b | 香草隆 |
I-b | 哌草丹 |
I-b | IIe-11 |
I-b | IIe-5 |
I-c | 解草酯 |
I-c | 解草唑 |
I-c | 双苯噁唑酸 |
I-c | 吡唑解草酯 |
I-c | 解草噁唑 |
I-c | 解草啶 |
I-c | 苄草隆 |
I-c | 香草隆 |
I-c | 哌草丹 |
I-c | IIe-5 |
I-c | IIe-11 |
I-d | 解草酯 |
I-d | 解草唑 |
I-d | 双苯噁唑酸 |
I-d | 吡唑解草酯 |
I-d | 解草噁唑 |
I-d | 解草啶 |
I-d | 苄草隆 |
式(I)活性化合物 | 安全剂 |
I-d | 香草隆 |
I-d | 哌草丹 |
I-d | IIe-11 |
I-d | IIe-5 |
I-e | 解草酯 |
I-e | 解草唑 |
I-e | 双苯噁唑酸 |
I-e | 吡唑解草酯 |
I-e | 解草噁唑 |
I-e | 解草啶 |
I-e | 苄草隆 |
I-e | 香草隆 |
I-e | 哌草丹 |
I-e | IIe-5 |
I-e | IIe-11 |
I-f | 解草酯 |
I-f | 解草唑 |
I-f | 双苯噁唑酸 |
I-f | 吡唑解草酯 |
I-f | 解草噁唑 |
I-f | 解草啶 |
I-f | 苄草隆 |
I-f | 香草隆 |
I-f | 哌草丹 |
I-f | IIe-5 |
式(I)活性化合物 | 安全剂 |
I-f | IIe-11 |
I-g | 解草酯 |
I-g | 解草唑 |
I-g | 双苯噁唑酸 |
I-g | 吡唑解草酯 |
式(I)活性化合物 | 安全剂 |
I-g | 解草噁唑 |
I-g | 解草啶 |
I-g | 苄草隆 |
I-g | 香草隆 |
I-g | 哌草丹 |
I-g | IIe-5 |
I-g | IIe-11 |
I-a’ | 解草酯 |
I-a’ | 解草唑 |
I-a’ | 双苯噁唑酸 |
I-a’ | 吡唑解草酯 |
I-a’ | 解草噁唑 |
I-a’ | 解草啶 |
I-a’ | 苄草隆 |
I-a’ | 香草隆 |
I-a’ | 哌草丹 |
I-a’ | IIe-5 |
I-a’ | IIe-11 |
本发明用作安全剂的通式(IIa)化合物是已知化合物,并且/或者可通过本身已知的方法制备(参见WO-A-91/07874,WO-A-95/07897)。
本发明用作安全剂的通式(IIb)化合物是已知化合物,并且/或者可通过本身已知的方法制备(参见EP-A-191736)。
本发明用作安全剂的通式(IIc)化合物是已知化合物,并且/或者可通过本身已知的方法制备(参见DE-A-2218097、DE-A-2350547)。
本发明用作安全剂的通式(IId)化合物是已知化合物,并且/或者可通过本身已知的方法制备(参见DE-A-19621522/US-A-6235680)。
本发明用作安全剂的通式(IIe)化合物是已知化合物,并且/或者可通过本身已知的方法制备(参见WO-A-99/66795/US-A-6251827)。
出人意料的是,现已发现上文定义的通式(I)和(I-a’)的取代的酮基烯醇与上述(c′)部分所列的安全剂(解毒剂)的活性化合物结合物,在与有益植物具有非常好的相容性的同时,还具有特别高的除草活性,可在多种作物中用于选择性防治杂草,所述作物特别是谷物(尤其是小麦),以及大豆、马铃薯、玉米和水稻。
本发明中应当认为出人意料的是,从众多已知的能对抗除草剂对作物破坏性效果的安全剂或解毒剂中,特别是上述(c′)部分所列的化合物适用于几乎完全地补偿取代的环状酮基烯醇对作物的破坏性效果,而不以任何显著的程度对除去杂草的除草活性产生不利影响。
本发明中,可强调的是特别优选和最优选的选自(c′)部分的结合组分的特别有利的药效,特别是不伤害谷物植物(例如小麦、大麦和黑麦)、以及玉米和水稻等作物。
依据方法(A),使用,例如N-[(2-乙基-4,6-二甲基)苯基乙酰基]脯氨酸乙酯为原料,本发明方法的过程可以下述反应路线表示:
依据方法(Bα),使用,例如3-[(2-乙基-4,6-二甲基)苯基]-5-乙基-5-甲基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮和新戊酰氯为原料,本发明方法的过程可以下述路线表示:
依据方法(B)(变化方案β),使用,例如3-[(2-乙基-4,6-二甲基)苯基]-5-丙基-5-甲基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮和乙酸酐为原料,本发明方法的过程可以下述路线表示:
依据方法(C),使用,例如3-[(2-乙基-4,6-二甲基)苯基]-1,5-四亚甲基吡咯烷酮-2,4-二酮和氯代甲酸乙酯为原料,本发明方法的过程可以下述反应路线表示:
依据方法(D)、变化方案α,使用,例如3-[(2-乙基-4,6-二甲基)苯基]-5-乙基-5-甲基吡咯烷酮-2,4-二酮和氯代单硫代甲酸甲酯为原料,反应过程可表示如下:
依据方法(D)、变化方案β,使用,例如3-[(2-乙基-4,6-二甲基)苯基]-5-异丙基-5-甲基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮、二硫化碳和碘代甲烷为原料,反应过程可表示如下:
依据方法(E),使用,例如3-[(2-乙基-4,6-二甲基)苯基]-1,5-三亚甲基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮和甲磺酰氯为原料,反应过程可以下述反应路线表示:
依据方法(F),使用,例如3-[(2-乙基-4,6-二甲基)苯基]-5-异丙基-5-甲基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮和2,2,2-三氟乙基-甲基硫代磷酰氯为原料,反应过程可以下述反应路线表示:
依据方法(G),使用,例如3-[(2-乙基-4,6-二甲基)苯基]-5-环丙基-5-甲基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮和NaOH为组分,本发明方法的过程可以下述反应路线表示:
依据方法(H)、变化方案α,使用,例如3-[(2-乙基-4,6-二甲基)苯基]-5-丙基-5-甲基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮和异氰酸乙酯为原料,反应过程可以下述反应路线表示:
依据方法(H)、变化方案β,使用,例如3-[(2-乙基-4,6-二甲基)苯基]-5-环丙基-5-甲基吡咯烷-2,4-二酮和二甲基氨基甲酰氯为原料,反应过程可以下述反应路线表示:
作为本发明方法(A)原料的式(II)化合物,当式(II)中D≠H时,是新化合物,
其中
D、A、B和R8定义如上。
其中D=H时的一些化合物由WO 01/74770已知,或者可通过该专利所记载的方法制备。
式(II)酰氨基酸酯通过例如以下反应制得:
式(XIV)氨基酸衍生物与式(XV)2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基乙酸衍生物发生酰化反应(Chem.Reviews 52,237-416(1953);Bhattacharya,Indian J.Chem.6,341-5,1968,开篇处引用的专利文献,例如WO01/74770),
其中
D、A、B和R8定义如上且D≠H,
其中
Z为由活化羧酸的试剂所引入的离去基团,所述试剂例如:羰基二咪唑、碳酰二亚胺(例如二环己基碳二亚胺),磷酰化剂(例如POCl3、BOP-Cl),卤化剂,例如亚硫酰氯、草酰氯、碳酰氯或氯甲酸酯;
或者
式(XVI)酰氨基酸发生酯化反应(Chem.Ind.(伦敦)1568(1968)),
其中
D、A和B定义如上,且D≠H。
以下式(XVI)化合物同样也是新化合物,
其中
D、A和B定义如上,且D≠H。
式(XVI)化合物通过以下反应制得:
式(XVII)氨基酸与式(XV)2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基乙酸衍生物发生Schotten-Baumann酰化反应(Organikum,VEB Deutscher Verlagder Wissenschaften,柏林1977,第505页),
其中
D、A和B定义如上,且D≠H,
其中
Z定义如上。
式(XV)化合物通过例如以下反应制得:
如果合适在稀释剂(例如任选氯化的脂族烃或芳香烃,如甲苯或二氯甲烷;或者醚,例如四氢呋喃、二噁烷、甲基叔丁基醚)存在下,温度-20℃至150℃、优选-10℃至100℃时,使由WO 01/74770已知的式(XVIII)的取代的2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基乙酸与卤化剂(例如亚硫酰氯、亚硫酰溴、草酰氯、碳酰氯、三氯化磷、三溴化磷或五氯化磷)、磷酰化剂(例如POCl3、BOP-Cl)、羰基二咪唑、碳酰二亚胺(例如二环己基碳二亚胺)发生反应,
原则上,式(XVIII)化合物还可通过类似于G.C.Lloyd-Jones,Angew.Chem.Int.编辑,2002,41,953-956;S.L.Buchwald,W.A.Moradi,JACS 2001,123,7996-8002和S.Lee,N.A.Beare,J.F.Hartwig,JACS 2001,123,8410-8411的方法制备:
该方法的特征在于:如果合适在稀释剂存在下,如果合适在碱存在下,如果合适在膦配体存在下并且如果合适在钯(0)化合物存在下,使2-乙基-4,6-二甲基溴苯与乙酸叔丁基酯反应;并随后与酸反应。
适于本发明方法的稀释剂为所有对反应物惰性的溶剂。优选使用烃,例如汽油、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和1,2,3,4-四氢化萘;以及醚,例如二乙醚、二甲氧基乙烷、四氢呋喃和二噁烷。
适于本发明方法反应的碱为氨基化锂碱,优选己基二硅基氨基锂(lithium hexyldisilazide)、二异丙基氨基化锂、二环己基氨基化锂。
适合的膦配体为,例如,特别是三叔丁基膦和2-二环己基膦基(2’-N,N-二甲基氨基)联苯。
可提及的钯(0)化合物为,例如,双(二亚苄基丙酮)钯。
可提及的酸为有机酸(例如甲酸)或无机酸(例如盐酸和硫酸)。
本发明方法的反应温度可在较宽范围内变化。一般而言,方法在-80℃至+150℃、优选0℃至100℃的温度下实施。
实施本发明方法时,原料通常各自以约等当量使用。
一些式(XIV)和(XVII)化合物有市售,一些是已知,和/或可通过已知方法制备(参见,例如,Compagnon,Miocque Ann.Chim.(巴黎)[14]5,第11-22,23-27页(1970))。
一些方法(B)至(H)所需的式(I-a’)(其中A和B定义如上)化合物由WO 01/74770已知,或者可通过该专利所述的方法制备。
实施本发明方法(B)、(C)、(D)、(E)、(F)、(G)和(H)另外所需的原料式(III)酰卤、式(IV)酸酐、式(V)氯代甲酸酯或氯代甲酸硫酯、式(VI)氯代单硫代甲酸酯或氯代二硫代甲酸酯、式(VII)卤代烷、式(VIII)磺酰氯、式(IX)磷化合物、以及式(X)金属氢氧化物、金属醇盐或式(XI)胺、式(XII)异氰酸酯和式(XIII)氨基甲酰氯通常均是有机或无机化学已知的化合物。
此外,式(XIV)和式(XVII)化合物由开篇引用的专利申请已知,并且/或者可通过这些专利申请所述的方法制备。
方法(A)的特征在于,在稀释剂的存在下,并且在碱的存在下,其中A、B和R8定义如上且D≠H的式(II)化合物发生分子内缩合。
适于本发明方法(A)的稀释剂为所有对反应物惰性的有机溶剂。优选使用烃,例如甲苯和二甲苯;醚,例如二丁醚、四氢呋喃、二噁烷、乙二醇二甲醚和二甘醇二甲醚;极性溶剂,例如二甲基亚砜、环丁砜、二甲基甲酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮;以及醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、异丁醇和叔丁醇。
适于实施本发明方法(A)的碱(去质子化剂)为所有常规质子受体。优选使用碱金属和碱土金属的氧化物、氢氧化物和碳酸盐,例如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氧化镁、氧化钙、碳酸钠、碳酸钾和碳酸钙,上述化合物也可在相转移催化剂的存在下使用,所述催化剂例如三乙基苄基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、Adogen 464(即甲基三烷基(C8-C10)氯化铵)或TDA1(即三(甲氧基乙氧基乙基)胺)。也可使用碱金属,例如钠或钾。同样适合的还有碱金属和碱土金属的氨化物和氢化物,例如氨化钠、氢化钠和氢化钙,以及碱金属醇盐,例如甲醇钠、乙醇钠和叔丁醇钾。
实施本发明的方法(A)时,反应温度可在较宽范围内变化。一般而言,方法(A)在0℃至250℃、优选50℃至150℃的温度下实施。
本发明的方法(A)通常在大气压下实施。
实施本发明的方法(A)时,式(II)反应组分和去质子碱通常以等摩尔至约双倍摩尔的量使用。然而,也可使用相对大量过量(最高达3mol)的一种或其他组分。
方法(Bα)的特征在于,如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,式(I-a)或式(I-a’)化合物分别与式(II)酰卤反应。
适于本发明方法(Bα)的稀释剂为所有对上述酰卤惰性的溶剂。优选使用烃,例如汽油、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和1,2,3,4-四氢化萘;卤代烃,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、氯苯和邻二氯苯;酮,例如丙酮和甲基异丙基酮;醚,例如二乙醚、四氢呋喃和二噁烷;羧酸酯,例如乙酸乙酯;以及强极性溶剂,例如二甲基亚砜和环丁砜。上述酰卤的水解稳定性允许时,反应也可在水的存在下进行。
适于本发明方法(Bα)的酸结合剂为所有常规酸受体。优选使用叔胺,例如三乙胺、吡啶、二氮杂双环辛烷(DABCO)、二氮杂双环十一碳烯(DBU)、二氮杂双环壬烯(DBN)、Hünig碱和N,N-二甲基苯胺;碱土金属氧化物,例如氧化镁和氧化钙;碱金属和碱土金属碳酸盐,例如碳酸钠、碳酸钾和碳酸钙;以及碱金属氢氧化物,例如氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾。
本发明方法(Bα)中,反应温度可在较宽范围内变化。一般而言,方法在-20℃至+150℃、优选0℃至100℃的温度下实施。
实施本发明的方法(Bα)时,式(I-a)或(I-a’)原料和式(III)酰卤通常各自以约等当量使用。然而,也可使用相对大量过量(最高达5mol)的酰卤。后处理通过常规方法进行。
方法(Bβ)的特征在于,如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,式(I-a)或(I-a’)化合物分别与式(IV)酸酐反应。
适于本发明方法(Bβ)的稀释剂优选为使用酰卤时的优选稀释剂。此外,过量的酸酐也可同时用作稀释剂。
如果合适在方法(Bβ)中加入的酸结合剂优选为使用酰卤时的优选酸结合剂。
本发明方法(Bβ)的反应温度可在较宽范围内变化。一般而言,方法在-20℃至+150℃、优选0℃至100℃的温度下实施。
实施本发明的方法(Bβ)时,式(I-a)或(I-a’)原料和式(IV)酸酐通常各自以约等当量使用。然而,也可使用相对大量过量(最高达5mol)的酸酐。后处理通过常规方法进行。
一般而言,稀释剂和过量酸酐以及生成的羧酸通过蒸馏除去,或用有机溶剂或水洗涤除去。
方法(C)的特征在于,如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,式(I-a)或(I-a’)化合物分别与式(V)氯代甲酸酯或氯代甲酸硫酯反应。
适于本发明方法(C)的酸结合剂为所有常规酸受体。优选使用叔胺,例如三乙胺、吡啶、DABCO、DBU、DBA、Hünig碱和N,N-二甲基苯胺;碱土金属氧化物,例如氧化镁和氧化钙;碱金属和碱土金属碳酸盐,例如碳酸钠、碳酸钾和碳酸钙;以及碱金属氢氧化物,例如氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾。
适于本发明方法(C)的稀释剂为所有对氯代甲酸酯或氯代甲酸硫酯惰性的溶剂。优选使用烃,例如汽油、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和1,2,3,4-四氢化萘;卤代烃,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、氯苯和邻二氯苯;酮,例如丙酮和甲基异丙基酮;醚,例如二乙醚、四氢呋喃和二噁烷;羧酸酯,例如乙酸乙酯;以及强极性溶剂,例如二甲基亚砜和环丁砜。
实施本发明方法(C)时,反应温度可在较宽范围内变化。一般而言,反应温度为-20℃至+100℃,优选0℃至50℃。
本发明方法(C)通常在大气压下实施。
实施本发明方法(C)时,式(I-a)或(I-a’)原料和合适的式(V)氯代甲酸酯或氯代甲酸硫酯通常各自以约等当量使用。然而,也可使用相对大量过量(最高达2mol)的一种或其他组分。后处理通过常规方法进行。一般而言,除去沉淀出的盐,剩余的反应混合物通过减压下除去稀释剂来浓缩。
本发明方法(D)的特征在于,式(I-a)或(I-a’)化合物分别与以下化合物反应:
(Dα)在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,与式(VI)化合物反应;或者
(Dβ)如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在碱的存在下,与二硫化碳反应,然后与式(VII)卤代烷反应。
在制备方法(Dα)中,0至120℃、优选20至60℃时,每摩尔的式(I-a)或(I-a’)原料与约1mol的式(VI)氯代单硫代甲酸酯或氯代二硫代甲酸酯反应。
在合适的情况下所加入的适合稀释剂为所有惰性极性有机溶剂,例如醚、酯、酰胺、砜、亚砜以及卤代烷。
优选使用二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺或二氯甲烷。
在优选实施方案中,如果是通过加入强去质子化剂,例如加入氢化钠或叔丁醇钾来制备式(I-a)或(I-a’)化合物的烯醇盐(enolatesalt),则可免除加入酸结合剂。
如果使用酸结合剂,则所述酸结合剂可为常规的无机或有机碱,例如氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、吡啶和三乙胺。
反应可在大气压或升高的压力下进行,优选在大气压下进行。后处理通过常规方法进行。
在制备方法(Dβ)中,每摩尔的式(I-a)或(I-a’)原料分别加入等摩尔量或过量的二硫化碳。方法优选在0至50℃、特别是20至30℃的温度下实施。
通常有利的是,先加入碱(例如叔丁醇钾或氢化钠)由式(I-a)化合物制备相应的盐。在各种情形下,式(I-a)化合物与二硫化碳反应直至中间体的生成结束,例如室温搅拌数小时之后。
适于方法(Dβ)的碱为所有常规质子受体。优选使用碱金属氢化物、碱金属醇盐、碱金属和碱土金属的碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐或氮碱。可提及的实例有氢化钠、甲醇钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、三乙胺、二苄基胺、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、喹啉、二氮杂双环辛烷(DABCO)、二氮杂双环壬烯(DBN)和二氮杂双环十一碳烯(DBU)。
适合的稀释剂为所有对本方法而言常规的溶剂。
优选使用芳香烃,例如苯或甲苯;醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇或1,2-乙二醇;腈,例如乙腈;醚,例如四氢呋喃或二噁烷;酰胺,例如二甲基甲酰胺;或其他极性溶剂,例如二甲基亚砜或和环丁砜。
与式(VII)卤代烷的另一个反应优选0至70℃、特别是20至50℃时进行。这里,使用至少等摩尔量的卤代烷。
该方法在大气压或升高的压力下进行,优选在大气压下进行。
后处理也是通过常规方法进行。
本发明方法(E)的特征在于,如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,式(I-a)或(I-a’)化合物分别与式(VHI)磺酰氯反应。
在制备方法(E)中,-20至150℃、优选20至70℃下,每摩尔的式(I-a)或(I-a’)原料与约1mol的式(VIII)磺酰氯反应。
方法(E)优选在稀释剂的存在下实施。
适合的稀释剂为所有的惰性极性有机溶剂,例如醚、酯、酰胺、腈、砜、亚砜或卤代烃,例如二氯甲烷。
优选使用二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷。
在优选实施方案中,如果是通过加入强去质子化剂(例如氢化钠或叔丁醇钾)来制备式(I-a)或(I-a’)化合物的烯醇盐,则可免除再另外加入酸结合剂。
如果使用酸结合剂,则所述酸结合剂为常规的无机或有机碱,例如氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、吡啶和三乙胺。
反应可在大气压或升高的压力下进行,优选在大气压下进行。后处理通过常规方法进行。
本发明方法(F)的特征在于,如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,式(I-a)或(I-a’)化合物分别与式(IX)磷化合物反应。
在制备方法(F)中,为制得式(I-e)化合物,温度-40℃至150℃、优选-10℃至110℃时,每摩尔的式(I-a)或(I-a’)化合物与1至2mol、优选1至1.3mol的式(IX)磷化合物反应。
方法(F)优选在稀释剂的存在下实施。
适合的稀释剂为所有的惰性极性有机溶剂,例如醚、酯、酰胺、腈、硫化物(sulphide)、砜、亚砜等。
优选使用乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷。
在合适的情况下所加入的适合的酸结合剂为常规的无机或有机碱,例如氢氧化物、碳酸盐或胺。可提出的实例有氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、吡啶和三乙胺。
反应可在大气压或升高的压力下进行,优选在大气压下进行。后处理通过常规的有机化学方法进行。最终产物优选通过结晶、色谱纯化的方法纯化,或通过“初步蒸馏(incipient distillation)”,即减压下除去挥发性组分的方法纯化。
方法(G)的特征在于,如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,式(I-a)或(I-a’)化合物分别与式(X)金属氢氧化物或金属醇盐反应,或者与式(XI)胺反应。
适于本发明方法(G)的稀释剂优选:醚,例如四氢呋喃、二噁烷、二乙醚;或醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇;以及水。本发明的方法(G)通常在大气压下实施。反应温度通常为-20℃至100℃,优选0℃至50℃。
本发明方法(H)的特征在于,式(I-a)或(I-a’)化合物分别与以下化合物反应:
(Hα)如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在催化剂的存在下,与式(XII)化合物反应;或者
(Hβ)如果合适在稀释剂的存在下,并且如果合适在酸结合剂的存在下,与式(XIII)化合物反应。
在制备方法(Hα)中,0至100℃、优选20至50℃时,每摩尔的式(I-a)或(I-a’)原料与约1mol的式(XII)异氰酸酯反应。
方法(Hα)优选在稀释剂的存在下实施。
适合的稀释剂为所有的惰性有机溶剂,例如醚、酯、酰胺、腈、砜或亚砜。
在合适的情况下,可加入催化剂以加速反应。适于用作催化剂的,非常有利地是有机锡化合物,例如二月桂酸二丁基锡(dibutyltindilaurate)。
反应优选在大气压下进行。
在制备方法(Hβ)中,0至150℃、优选20至70℃时,每摩尔的式(I-a)或(I-a’)原料与约1mol的式(XIII)氨基甲酰氯反应。
在合适的情况下所加入的适合的稀释剂为所有的惰性极性有机溶剂,例如醚、酯、酰胺、砜、亚砜或卤代烃。
优选使用二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺或二氯甲烷。
在优选实施方案中,如果是通过加入强去质子化剂(例如氢化钠或叔丁醇钾)来制备式(I-a)或(I-a’)化合物的烯醇盐,则可免除再另外加入酸结合剂。
如果使用酸结合剂,则所述酸结合剂为常规的无机或有机碱,例如氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、三乙胺或吡啶。
反应可在大气压或升高的压力下进行,优选在大气压下进行。后处理通过常规方法进行。
活性化合物具有良好的植物耐受性,并且对温血物种具有有利的毒性;它们可用于防治动物害虫、特别是存在于农业、森林、贮存产品和材料保护以及卫生部门中的昆虫、蛛形纲动物和线虫。它们优选用作作物保护剂。它们对通常敏感和抗性物种以及全部或某些发育阶段具有活性。上述害虫包括:
等足目(Isopoda),例如,栉水虱(Oniscus asellus)、鼠妇(Armadillidium vulgare)和球鼠妇(Porcellio scaber)。
倍足目(Diplopoda),例如,Blaniulus guttulatus。
唇足目(Chilopoda),例如,Geophilus carpophagus、Scutigeraspp.。
综合目(Symphyla),例如,Scutigerella immaculata。
缨尾目(Thysanura),例如,衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)。
弹尾目(Collembola),例如,武装棘跳虫(Onychiurus armatus)。
直翅目(Orthoptera),例如,家蟋(Acheta domesticus)、蝼蛄属(Gryllotalpa spp.)、非洲飞蝗(Locusta migratoriamigratorioides)、黑蝗属(Melanoplus spp.)、沙漠蝗(Schistocercagregaria)。
蜚蠊目(Blattaria),例如,东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、马德拉蜚蠊(Leucophaeamaderae)、德国蠊(Blattella germanica)。
革翅目(Dermaptera),例如,欧洲球螋(Forficula auricularia)。
等翅目(Isoptera),例如,散白蚁属(Reticulitermes spp.)。
虱目(Phthiraptera),例如,体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)、血虱属(Haematopinus spp.)、毛虱属(Linognathus spp.)、嚼虱属(Trichodectes spp.)、畜虱属(Damalinia spp.)。
缨翅目(Thysanoptera),例如,温室条篱蓟马(Hercinothripsfemoralis)、烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci)、棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi)、苜蓿蓟马(Frankliniella accidentalis)。
异翅目(Heteroptera),例如,扁盾蝽属(Eurygaster spp.)、Dysdercus intermedius、方背皮蝽(Piesma quadrata)、温带臭虫(Cimex lectularius)、长红猎蝽(Rhodnius prolixus)、锥猎蝽属(Triatoma spp.)。
同翅目(Homoptera),例如,甘蓝粉虱(Aleurodes brassicae)、木薯粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)、温室粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、茶藨隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis)、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、苹果蚜(Aphispomi)、苹果绵蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum)、梅大尾蚜(Hyalopterusarundinis)、葡萄根瘤蚜(Phylloxera vastatrix)、瘿绵蚜属(Pemphigus spp.)、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、瘤蚜属(Myzusspp.)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli)、禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphumpadi)、小绿叶蝉属(Empoasca spp.)、Euscelis bilobatus、黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix cincticeps)、水木坚蚧(Lecanium corni)、乌盔蚧(Saissetia oleae)、灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus)、褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、红肾圆盾蚧(Aonidiella aurantii)、常春藤圆盾蚧(Aspidiotus hederae)、粉蚧属(Pseudococcus spp.)、木虱属(Psylla spp.)。
鳞翅目(Lepidoptera),例如,红铃麦蛾(Pectinophoragossypiella)、松尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius)、冬尺蛾(Cheimatobiabrumata)、苹细蛾(Lithocolletis blancardella)、苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeuta padella)、菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、黄褐天幕毛虫(Malacosoma neustria)、黄毒蛾(Euproctis chrysorrhoea)、毒蛾属(Lymantria spp.)、棉潜蛾(Bucculatrix thurberiella)、桔潜蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、地老虎属(Agrotis spp.)、切根虫属(Euxoa spp.)、脏切夜蛾属(Feltia spp.)、埃及金刚钻(Earias insulana)、实夜蛾属(Heliothis spp.)、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestrabrassicae)、小眼夜蛾(Panolis flammea)、灰翅夜蛾属(Spodopteraspp.)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)、苹果小卷蛾(Carpocapsapomonella)、菜粉蝶属(Pieris spp.)、禾草螟属(Chilo spp.)、玉米螟(Pyrausta nubilalis)、地中海粉斑螟(Ephestia kuehniella)、大蜡螟(Galleria mellonella)、幕谷蛾(Tineola bisselliella)、袋谷蛾(Tinea pellionella)、褐织蛾(Hofmannophilapseudospretella)、亚麻黄卷蛾(Cacoecia podana)、Capuareticulana、枞色卷蛾(Choristoneura fumiferana)、葡萄果蠹蛾(Clysia ambiguella)、茶长卷蛾(Homona magnanima)、栎绿卷蛾(Tortrix viridana)、Cnaphalocerus spp.、水稻负泥虫(Oulemaoryzae)。
鞘翅目(Coleoptera),例如,家具窃蠹(Anobium punctatum)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica)、恶条豆象(Bruchidius obtectus)、菜豆象(Acanthoscelides obtectus)、北美家天牛(Hylotrupesbajulus)、杨树萤叶甲(Agelastica alni)、马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsadecemlineata)、辣根猿叶虫(Phaedon cochleariae)、叶甲属(Diabrotica spp.)、油菜金头跳甲(Psylliodes chrysocephala)、墨西哥大豆瓢虫(Epilachna varivestis)、Atomaria spp.、锯谷盗(Oryzaephilus surinamensis)、花象属(Anthonomus spp.)、谷象属(Sitophilus spp.)、黑葡萄耳象(Otiorrhynchus sulcatus)、香蕉根颈象(Cosmopolites sordidus)、白菜籽龟象(Ceuthorrhynchusassimilis)、紫苜蓿叶象(Hypera postica)、皮蠹属(Dermestes spp.)、斑皮蠹属(Trogoderma spp.)、圆皮蠹属(Anthrenus spp.)、毛皮蠹属(Attagenus spp.)、粉蠹属(Lyctus spp.)、油菜花露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、蛛甲属(Ptinus spp.)、黄蛛甲(Niptushololeucus)、裸蛛甲(Gibbium psylloides)、拟谷盗属(Triboliumspp.)、黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)、叩甲属(Agriotes spp.)、宽胸叩头虫属(Conoderus spp.)、西方五月鳃角金龟(Melolonthamelolontha)、马铃薯鳃角金龟(Amphimallon solstitialis)、褐新西兰肋翅鳃角金龟(Costelytra zealandica)、稻根象(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)。
膜翅目(Hymenoptera),例如,松叶蜂属(Diprion spp.)、实叶蜂属(Hoplocampa spp.)、毛蚁属(Lasius spp.)、小家蚁(Monomoriumpharaonis)、胡蜂属(Vespa spp.)。
双翅目(Diptera),例如,伊蚊属(Aedes spp.)、按蚊属(Anophelesspp.)、库蚊属(Culex spp.)、黑尾果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)、家蝇属(Musca spp.)、厕蝇属(Fannia spp.)、红头丽蝇(Calliphoraerythrocephala)、绿蝇属(Lucilia spp.)、金蝇属(Chrysomyia spp.)、黄蝇属(Cuterebra spp.)、胃蝇属(Gastrophilus spp.)、Hyppoboscaspp.、螫蝇属(Stomoxys spp.)、狂蝇属(Oestrus spp.)、皮蝇属(Hypoderma spp.)、虻属(Tabanus spp.)、Tannia spp.、Bibiohortulanus、瑞典麦秆蝇(Oscinella frit)、草种蝇属(Phorbia spp.)、藜泉蝇(Pegomyia hyoscyami)、地中海蜡实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、橄榄大实蝇(Dacus oleae)、欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa)、黑蝇属(Hylemyia spp.)、斑潜蝇属(Liriomyza spp.)。
蚤目(Siphonaptera),例如,印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、角叶蚤属(Ceratophyllus spp.)。
蛛形纲(Arachnida),例如,中东金蝎(Scorpio maurus)、黑寡妇蜘蛛(Latrodectus mactans)、粗脚粉螨(Acarus siro)、锐缘蜱属(Argas spp.)、钝缘蜱属(Ornithodoros spp.)、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae)、茶藨瘿螨(Eriophyes ribis)、桔芸锈螨(Phyllocoptruta oleivora)、牛蜱属(Boophilus spp.)、扇头蜱属(Rhipicephalus spp.)、花蜱属(Amblyomma spp.)、璃眼蜱属(Hyalomma spp.)、硬蜱属(Ixodes spp.)、痒螨属(Psoroptesspp.)、皮螨属(Chorioptes spp.)、疥螨属(Sarcoptes spp.)、跗线螨属(Tarsonemus spp.)、苜蓿苔螨(Bryobia praetiosa)、全爪螨属(Panonychus spp.)、叶螨属(Tetranychus spp.)、半跗线螨属(Hemitarsonemus spp.)、短须螨属(Brevipalpus spp.)。
植物寄生线虫包括,例如,短体线虫属(Pratylenchus spp.)、相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)、起绒草茎线虫(Ditylenchusdipsaci)、半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulus semipenetrans)、异皮线虫属(Heterodera spp.)、球异皮线虫属(Globodera spp.)、根结线虫属(Meloidogyne spp.)、滑刃线虫属(Aphelenchoides spp.)、长针线虫属(Longidorus spp.)、剑线虫属(Xiphinema spp.)、毛刺线虫属(Trichodorus spp.)、伞滑刃线虫属(Bursaphelenchus spp.)。
如果合适,本发明的化合物或活性化合物结合物还可以一定浓度或施用率用作除草剂。如果合适,它们还可用作合成其他活性化合物的中间体或前体。
所有的植物及植物部位均可依据本发明来处理。本发明中植物的含义应理解为所有的植物和植物种群,例如需要的和不需要的野生植物或作物(包括自然存在的作物)。作物可以是通过常规植物育种和优选法或通过生物技术和重组方法或通过所述方法的结合而获得的植物,包括转基因植物,也包括受植物种苗权保护或不受其保护的植物栽培种。植物部位的含义应理解为植物所有的地上及地下部位和器官,例如芽、叶、花和根,可提出的实例有叶、针叶、茎、干、花、子实体(fruit-body)、果实、种子、根、块茎和根茎。植物部位还包括采收物,以及无性和有性繁殖物,例如秧苗、块茎、根茎、插条和种子。
本发明的使用活性化合物或活性化合物结合物对植物和植物部位进行的处理,通过常规处理方法直接进行或使化合物作用于周围环境、生境或贮存空间,所述常规处理方法例如浸泡、喷雾、雾化、蒸发、弥雾(fogging)、撒播或涂抹(painting on),在繁殖物特别是种子的情况下,还可涂布一层或多层。
活性化合物或活性化合物结合物可转化为常规制剂,例如溶液剂、乳剂、可湿性粉剂、悬浮剂、粉剂、粉末剂、膏剂、可溶性粉剂、颗粒剂、悬乳浓缩剂、用活性化合物浸渍过的天然和合成物、以及聚合物中的微胶囊。
所述制剂以已知方式制备,例如将活性化合物与填充剂混合,即与液体溶剂和/或固体载体混合,同时可选择性使用表面活性剂,即乳化剂和/或分散剂和/或发泡剂。
若使用的填充剂为水,还可例如使用有机溶剂作为助溶剂。以下本质上适于用作液体溶剂:芳香族化合物,例如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘;氯代芳香族化合物或氯代脂族烃,例如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷;脂族烃,例如环己烷或石蜡,如矿物油馏分、矿物油和植物油;醇,例如丁醇或乙二醇及其醚和酯;酮,例如丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮;强极性溶剂,例如二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜;或水。
适合的固体载体有:
例如铵盐,粉碎的天然矿物例如高岭土、粘土、滑石粉、白垩、石英、凹凸棒石、蒙脱石或硅藻土,以及粉碎的合成物例如高度分散的二氧化硅、氧化铝和硅酸盐;适用于颗粒剂的固体载体有:例如粉碎并分级的天然岩石例如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石和白云石,或合成的无机和有机粉颗粒,以及有机物颗粒例如锯木屑、椰壳、玉米穗轴和烟草茎;适合的乳化剂和/或发泡剂有:例如非离子和阴离子乳化剂例如聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚,例如烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、芳基磺酸盐或蛋白质水解产物;适合的分散剂有:例如木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
制剂中可使用增粘剂,例如羧甲基纤维素,以及粉末、颗粒或胶乳状的天然和合成聚合物,例如阿拉伯树胶、聚乙烯醇和聚乙酸乙烯酯,或天然磷脂例如脑磷脂和卵磷脂,以及合成磷脂。其他添加剂可以是矿物油和植物油。
可使用着色剂,例如无机颜料、例如氧化铁、氧化钛和普鲁士蓝,以及有机着色剂例如茜素着色剂、偶氮着色剂和金属酞菁着色剂,以及微量营养素例如铁盐、锰盐、硼盐、铜盐、钴盐、钼盐和锌盐。
制剂通常包括0.1至95重量%、优选0.5至90重量%的活性化合物。
本发明的活性化合物也可以其本身或其制剂的形式与已知的杀真菌剂、杀细菌剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂或杀昆虫剂混合使用,例如以便通过这种方式来拓宽作用谱或者防止产生抗性。在许多情况下产生协同效应,即混合物的活性超过各单组分的活性。
适合作为混合物组分的化合物有,例如下述多种:
杀真菌剂:
aldimorph、氨丙膦酸(ampropylfos)、氨丙膦酸钾、andoprim、敌菌灵(anilazine)、戊环唑(azaconazole)、腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、
苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、麦锈灵(benodanil)、苯菌灵(benomyl)、苄烯酸(benzamacril)、异丁基苄烯酸、双丙氨酰膦(bialaphos)、乐杀螨(binapacryl)、联苯、双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、灭瘟素(blasticidin-S)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、磺嘧菌灵(bupirimate)、粉并定(buthiobate)、
多硫化钙、卡巴西霉素(capsimycin)、敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、香芹酮(carvone)、灭螨猛(chinomethionat、quinomethionate)、灭瘟唑(chlobenthiazone)、苯咪唑菌(chlorfenazole)、地茂散(chloroneb)、氯化苦(chloropicrin)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、乙菌利(chlozolinate)、clozylacon、硫杂灵(cufraneb)、清菌脲(cymoxanil)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、嘧菌环胺(cyprodinil)、酯菌胺(cyprofuram)、
双乙氧咪唑威(debacarb)、双氯酚(dichlorophen)、苄氯三唑醇(diclobutrazole)、diclofluanid、哒菌清(diclomezine)、氯硝胺(dicloran)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、噁醚唑(difenoconazole)、甲菌定(dimethirimol)、烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、烯唑醇-M(diniconazole-M)、敌螨普(dinocap)、二苯胺(diphenylamine)、双吡硫翁(dipyrithione)、灭菌磷(ditalimfos)、二氰蒽醌(dithianon)、吗菌灵(dodemorph)、dodine、敌菌酮(drazoxolon)、
克瘟散(edifenphos)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、乙环唑(etaconazole)、乙菌定(ethirimol)、氯唑灵(etridiazole)、
噁唑酮菌(famoxadon)、菌拿灵(fenapanil)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、甲呋酌苯胺(fenfuram)、种衣酯(fenitropan)、拌种咯(fenpiclonil)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、薯瘟锡(fentin acetate)、毒菌锡(fentinhydroxide)、福美铁(ferbam)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、氟联苯菌(flumetover)、氟氯菌核利(fluoromide)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、呋嘧醇(flurprimidol)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、磺菌胺(flusulfamide)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、灭菌丹(folpet)、藻菌磷(fosetyl-aluminium)、藻菌磷钠(fosetyl-sodium)、四氯苯酞(fthalide)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、呋氨丙灵(furalaxyl)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、furcarbonil、呋菌唑(furconazole)、呋醚唑(furconazole-cis)、拌种胺(furmecyclox)、
双胍盐(guazatine)、
六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、土菌消(hymexazole)、
烯菌灵(imazalil)、酰胺唑(imibenconazole)、双胍辛胺(iminoctadine)、iminoctadine albesilate、双胍辛胺乙酸盐(iminoctadine triacetate)、iodocarb、环戊唑醇(ipconazole)、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos(IBP))、异丙定(iprodione)、人间霉素(irumamycin)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、氯苯咪菌酮(isovaledione)、
春雷霉素(kasugamycin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、铜制剂例如:氢氧化铜、环烷酸铜、氯氧化铜(copper oxychloride)、硫酸铜、一氧化铜、喹啉铜(oxine-copper)和波尔多液(Bordeaux mixture)、
锰铜混剂(mancopper)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森锰(maneb)、meferimzone、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、丙氧灭锈胺(mepronil)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、磺菌威(methasulfocarb)、甲呋菌胺(methfuroxam)、代森联(metiram)、metomeclam、噻菌胺(metsulfovax)、米多霉素(mildiomycin)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、甲菌利(myclozolin)、
福美镍(nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate)、异丙消(nitrothal-isopropyl)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、
甲呋酰胺(ofurace)、噁霜灵(oxadixyl)、oxamocarb、喹菌酮(oxolinic acid)、oxycarboxim、oxyfenthiin、
多效唑(paclobutrazol)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、双氯苯磷(phosdiphen)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、多马霉素(pimaricin)、粉病灵(piperalin)、多抗霉素(polyoxins)、polyoxorim、噻菌灵(probenazole)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、杀菌利(procymidone)、百维灵(propamocarb)、propanosine-sodium、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙森锌(propineb)、吡唑醚菌酯(pyraclostrobin)、定菌磷(pyrazophos)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、氯吡呋醚(pyroxyfur)、
唑喹菌酮(quinconazole)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene(PCNB))、
硫和硫制剂、
戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、叶枯酞(tecloftalam)、四氯硝基苯(tecnazene)、tetcyclacis、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、涕必灵(thiabendazole)、噻菌腈(thicyofen)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)、甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl)、福美双(thiram)、tioxymid、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、丁三唑(triazbutil)、唑菌嗪(triazoxide)、杨菌胺(trichlamide)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、克啉菌(tridemorph)、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)、嗪氨灵(triforine)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)、
烯效唑(uniconazole)、
有效霉素A(validamycin A)、烯菌酮(vinclozolin)、烯霜苄唑(viniconazole)、
氯菌胺(zarilamid)、代森锌(zineb)、福美锌(ziram),以及
Dagger G、
OK-8705、
OK-8801、
α-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-β-(2-苯氧基乙基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙醇、
α-(2,4-二氯苯基)-β-氟-β-丙基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙醇、
α-(2,4-二氯苯基)-β-甲氧基-α-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙醇、
α-(5-甲基-1,3-二噁烷-5-基)-β-[[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]亚甲基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙醇、
(5RS,6RS)-6-羟基-2,2,7,7-四甲基-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3-辛酮、
(E)-α-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基-2-苯氧基苯基乙酰胺、
{2-甲基-1-[[[1-(4-甲基苯基)乙基]氨基]羰基]丙基}氨基甲酸-1-异丙酯、
1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)乙酮-O-(苯基甲基)肟、
1-(2-甲基-1-萘基)-1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮、
1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-3-(2-丙烯基)-2,5-吡咯烷二酮、
1-[(二碘甲基)磺酰基]-4-甲基苯、
1-[[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲基]-1H-咪唑、
1-[[2-(4-氯苯基)-3-苯基环氧乙基]甲基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑、
1-[1-[2-[(2,4-二氯苯基)甲氧基]苯基]乙烯基]-1H-咪唑、
1-甲基-5-壬基-2-(苯基甲基)-3-吡咯烷醇、
2′,6′-二溴-2-甲基-4′-三氟甲氧基-4′-三氟甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酰苯胺、
2,2-二氯-N-[1-(4-氯苯基)乙基]-1-乙基-3-甲基环丙烷甲酰胺、
硫氰酸-2,6-二氯-5-(甲硫基)-4-嘧啶基酯、
2,6-二氯-N-(4-三氟甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺、
2,6-二氯-N-[[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基]苯甲酰胺、
2-(2,3,3-三碘-2-丙烯基)-2H-四唑、
2-[(1-甲基乙基)磺酰基]-5-(三氯甲基)-1,3,4-噻二唑、
2-[[6-去氧-4-O-(4-O-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡糖基(glycopyranosyl))-α-D-吡喃葡糖基(glucopyranosyl)]氨基]-4-甲氧基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-5-腈、
2-氨基丁烷、
2-溴-2-(溴甲基)戊二腈、
2-氯-N-(2,3-二氢-1,1,3-三甲基-1H-茚-4-基)-3-吡啶甲酰胺、
2-氯-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-N-(异硫氰基甲基)乙酰胺、
2-苯基苯酚(OPP)、
3,4-二氯-1-[4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]-1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮、
3,5-二氯-N-[氰基-[(1-甲基-2-丙炔基)氧]甲基]苯甲酰胺、
3-(1,1-二甲基丙基)-1-氧代-1H-茚-2-腈、
3-[2-(4-氯苯基)-5-乙氧基-3-异噁唑烷基]吡啶、
4-氯-2-氰基-N,N-二甲基-5-(4-甲基苯基)-1H-咪唑-1-磺酰胺、
4-甲基四唑并[1,5-a]喹唑啉-5(4H)-酮、
8-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-N-乙基-N-丙基-1,4-二氧杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2-甲胺、
8-羟基喹啉硫酸化物、
9H-呫吨-2-[(苯基氨基)羰基]-9-羧酰肼、
3-甲基-4-[(3-甲基苯甲酰基)氧]-2,5-噻吩二羧酸-双-(1-甲基乙基)酯、
顺-1-(4-氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)环庚醇、
顺-4-[3-[4-(1,1-二甲基丙基)苯基-2-甲基丙基]-2,6-二甲基吗啉盐酸化物、
[(4-氯苯基)偶氮]氰基乙酸乙酯、
碳酸氢钾、
甲基四硫醇钠盐、
1-(2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基-1H-茚-1-基)-1H-咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯、
N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-N-(5-异噁唑基羰基)-DL-丙氨酸甲酯、
N-(氯乙酰基)-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-DL-丙氨酸甲酯、
N-(2,3-二氯-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基环己烷甲酰胺、
N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2-甲氧基-N-(四氢-2-氧代-3-呋喃基)乙酰胺、
N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2-甲氧基-N-(四氢-2-氧代-3-噻吩基)乙酰胺、
N-(2-氯-4-硝基苯基)-4-甲基-3-硝基苯磺酰胺、
N-(4-环己基苯基)-1,4,5,6-四氢-2-嘧啶胺、
N-(4-己基苯基)-1,4,5,6-四氢-2-嘧啶胺、
N-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)-2-甲氧基-N-(2-氧代-3-噁唑烷基)乙酰胺、
N-(6-甲氧基)-3-吡啶基环丙烷甲酰胺、
N-[2,2,2-三氯-1-[(氯乙酰基)氨基]乙基]苯甲酰胺、
N-[3-氯-4,5-双-(2-丙炔基氧)苯基]-N′-甲氧基-methanimidamide、
N-甲酰基-N-羟基-DL-丙氨酸钠盐、
O,O-二乙基-[2-(二丙基氨基)-2-氧代乙基]乙基硫代磷酰胺酯(phosphoramidothioate)、
O-甲基-S-苯基-苯基丙基硫代磷酰胺酯、
S-甲基-1,2,3-苯并噻二唑-7-硫代甲酸酯、
螺[2H]-1-苯并吡喃-2,1′(3′H)-异苯并呋喃-3′-酮、
4-[(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-3-(4-氟苯基)丙烯酰基]吗啉。
杀细菌剂:
溴硝丙二醇(bronopol)、双氯酚、三氯甲基吡啶(nitrapyrin)、福美镍、春雷霉素、异噻菌酮(octhilinone)、羧酸呋喃(furancarboxylic acid)、土霉素(oxytetracyclin)、噻菌灵、链霉素(streptomycin)、叶枯酞、硫酸铜和其他铜制剂。
杀昆虫剂/杀螨剂/杀线虫剂:
齐墩螨素(abamectin)、高灭磷(acephate)、吡虫清(acetamiprid)、氟酯菊酯(acrinathrin)、棉铃威(alanycarb)、涕灭威(aldicarb)、砜灭威(aldoxycarb)、甲体氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin),甲体氯氰菊酯(alphamethrin)、虫螨脒(amitraz)、阿维菌素(avermectin)、AZ 60541、艾扎丁(azadirachtin)、唑啶磷(azamethiphos)、谷硫磷A(azinphos A)、谷硫磷M(azinphos M)、唑环锡(azocyclotin)、
波林杆菌芽孢(Bacillus popilliae)、球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillussphaericus)、柯敌克菌(Bacillus subtilis)、苏云金杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)、杆状病毒(baculoviruses)、巴西安白僵菌(Beauveriabassiana)、纤细白僵菌(Beauveria tenella)、噁虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、杀虫磺(bensultap)、苯螨特(benzoximate)、β-氟氯氰菊酯(betacyfluthrin)、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)、bioethanomethrin、生物氯菊酯(biopermethrin)、双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)、BPMC、溴硫磷A(bromophos A)、合杀威(bufencarb)、噻嗪酮(buprofezin)、特嘧硫磷(butathiofos)、丁叉威(butocarboxim)、丁基哒螨酮(butylpyridaben)、
硫线磷(cadusafos)、西维因(carbaryl)、虫螨威(carbofuran)、三硫磷(carbophenothion)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、巴丹(cartap)、chloethocarb、壤虫氯磷(chlorethoxyfos)、氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、定虫隆(chlorfluazuron)、氯甲磷(chlormephos)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、毒死蜱M(chlorpyrifos M)、chlovaporthrin、环虫酰肼(chromafenozide)、顺-灭虫菊(cis-resmethrin)、顺-氯菊酯(cispermethrin)、功夫菊酯(clocythrin)、除线威(cloethocarb)、四螨嗪(clofentezine)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、杀螟腈(cyanophos)、cycloprene、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、(RS)氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、三环锡(cyhexatin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、灭蝇胺(cyromazine)、
溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、一○五九M(demeton M)、一○五九S(demeton S)、甲基一○五九的硫赶式异构体(demeton-S-methyl)、杀螨硫隆(diafenthiuron)、二嗪农(diazinon)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos)、开乐散(dicofol)、氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)、乐果(dimethoate)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)、噁茂醚(diofenolan)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、碘酰丁二辛(docusat-sodium)、苯氧炔螨(dofenapyn)、
eflusilanate、埃玛菌素(emamectin)、烯炔菊酯(empenthrin)、硫丹(endosulfan)、Entomopfthora spp.、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、苯虫威(ethiofencarb)、乙硫磷(ethion)、灭克磷(ethoprophos)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、特苯噁唑(etoxazole)、氧嘧啶磷(etrimfos)、
克线磷(fenamiphos)、喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、杀螨锡(fenbutatinoxide)、杀螟松(fenitrothion)、苯硫威(fenothiocarb)、fenoxacrim、双氧威(fenoxycarb)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、必螨立克(fenpyrad)、吡氯氰菊酯(fenpyrithrin)、唑螨酯(fenpyroximate)、灭杀菊酯(fenvalerate)、锐劲特(fipronil)、fluozinam、氟啶蜱脲(fluazuron)、溴氟菊酯(flubrocythrinate)、氟螨脲(flucycloxuron)、氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟氯苯菊酯(flumethrin)、氟替阿嗪(flutenzin)、氟胺氰菊酯(fluvalinate)、地虫磷(fonophos)、丁苯硫磷(fosmethilan)、噻唑酮磷(fosthiazate)、fubfenprox、呋线威(furathiocarb)、
微粒子病病毒(granulosis viruses)、
特丁苯酰肼(halofenozide)、HCH、庚虫磷(heptenophos)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)、蒙五一二(hydroprene)、
吡虫磷(imidacloprid)、噁二唑虫(indoxacarb)、氟唑磷(isazofos)、丙胺磷(isofenphos)、异噁唑啉(isoxathion)、伊维菌素(ivermectin)、
核多角体病毒(nuclear polyhedrosis virus)、
氯氟氰菊酯(lamda-cyhalothrin)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)、
马拉松(malathion)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)、蜗牛敌(metaldehyde)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)、绿僵菌(Metharhizium anisopliae)、黄绿绿僵菌(Metharhizium flavoviride)、杀扑磷(methida thion)、灭虫威(methiocarb)、蒙五一五(methoprene)、灭多虫(methomyl)、甲氧苯酰肼(methoxyfenozide)、速灭威(metolcarb)、恶虫酮(metoxadiazone)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、米尔螨素(milbemectin)、米尔倍霉素(milbemycin)、久效磷(monocrotophos)、
二溴磷(naled)、硝胺烯啶(nitenpyram)、硝虫噻嗪(nithiazine)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)
氧化乐果(omethoate)、甲氨叉威(oxamyl)、oxydemethon M、
玫烟色拟青霉(Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)、一六○五A(parathion A)、一六○五M(parathion M)、氯菊酯(permethrin)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、三九一一(phorate)、伏杀磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、磷胺(phosphamidon)、腈肟磷(phoxim)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、虫螨磷A(pirimiphos A)、虫螨磷M(pirimiphosM)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、猛杀威(promecarb)、克螨特(propargite)、残杀威(propoxur)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、发果(prothoate)、拒嗪酮(pymetrozine)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclofos)、反灭虫菊(pyresmethrin)、除虫菊(pyrethrum)、哒螨酮(pyridaben)、pyridathion、嘧胺苯醚(pyrimidifen)、蚊蝇醚(pyriproxyfen)、
喹噁磷(quinalphos)、
利巴韦林(ribavirin)、
杀抗松(salithion)、硫线磷(sebufos)、灭虫硅醚(silafluofen)、艾克敌105(spinosad)、螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、硫特普(sulfotep)、乙丙硫磷(sulprofos)、
氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、双苯酰肼(tebufenozide)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、tebupirimiphos、伏虫磷(teflubenzuron)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、双硫磷(temephos)、灭虫畏(temivinphos)、特丁磷(terbufos)、杀虫畏(tetrachlorvinphos)、三氯杀螨砜(tetradifon)、辛体氯氰菊酯(theta-cypermethrin)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、蛾蝇腈(thiapronil)、thiatriphos、硫环杀(thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate)、硫双灭多威(thiodicarb)、特氨叉威(thiofanox)、敌贝特(thuringiensin)、氟溴氰菊酯(tralocythrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)、苯赛螨(triarathene)、唑蚜威(triazamate)、三唑磷(triazophos)、triazurone、trichlophenidine、敌百虫(trichlorfon)、杀虫隆(triflumuron)、混杀威(trimethacarb)、
蚜灭多(vamidothion)、氟吡唑虫(vaniliprole)、蜡蚧轮枝菌(Verticillium lecanii)、
YI 5302、
己体氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、zolaprofos、
3-[(二氢-2-氧代-3(2H)-亚呋喃基)甲基]-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸-(1R-顺)-[5-(苯基甲基)-3-呋喃基]甲酯、
2,2,3,3-四甲基环丙烷羧酸-(3-苯氧基苯基)甲酯、
1-[(2-氯-5-噻唑基)甲基]四氢-3,5-二甲基-N-硝基-1,3,5-三嗪-2(1H)-亚胺、
2-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-4-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)苯基]-4,5-二氢噁唑、
2-(乙酰氧基)-3-十二烷基-1,4-萘二酮、
2-氯-N-[[[4-(1-苯基乙氧基)苯基]氨基]羰基]苯甲酰胺、
2-氯-N-[[[4-(2,2-二氯-1,1-二氟乙氧基)苯基]氨基]羰基]苯甲酰胺、
丙基氨基甲酸-3-甲基苯基酯、
4-[4-(4-乙氧基苯基)-4-甲基戊基]-1-氟-2-苯氧基苯、
4-氯-2-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-5-[[2-(2,6-二甲基-4-苯氧基苯氧基)乙基]硫代]-3(2H)-哒嗪酮、
4-氯-2-(2-氯-2-甲基丙基)-5-[(6-碘-3-吡啶基)甲氧基]-3(2H)-哒嗪酮、
4-氯-5-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲氧基]-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)-3(2H)-哒嗪酮、
苏云金杆菌株EG-2348、
[2-苯甲酰基-1-(1,1-二甲基乙基)]肼基苯甲酸、
丁酸-2,2-二甲基-3-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-氧代-1-氧杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-4-基酯、
[3-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲基]-2-亚噻唑烷基]氨腈、
二氢-2-(硝基亚甲基)-2H-1,3-噻嗪-3(4H)-甲醛、
[2-[[1,6-二氢-6-氧代-1-(苯基甲基)-4-哒嗪基]氧]乙基]氨基甲酸乙酯、
N-(3,4,4-三氟-1-氧代-3-丁烯基)甘氨酸、
N-(4-氯苯基)-3-[4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氢-4-苯基-1H-吡唑-1-甲酰胺、
N-[(2-氯-5-噻唑基)甲基]-N′-甲基-N″-硝基胍、
N-甲基-N′-(1-甲基-2-丙烯基)-1,2-肼二硫代羰酰胺(dicarbothioamide)、
N-甲基-N′-2-丙烯基-1,2-肼二硫代羰酰胺、
O,O-二乙基-[2-(二丙基氨基)-2-氧代乙基]乙基硫代磷酰胺酯、
N-氰基甲基-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺、
3,5-二氯-1-(3,3-二氯-2-丙烯氧基)-4-[3-(5-三氟甲基吡啶-2-基氧)丙氧基]苯。
也可与其他已知的活性化合物例如除草剂混合,或与肥料和生长调节剂混合。
以市售制剂或由市售制剂制备的使用形式用作杀昆虫剂时,本发明的活性化合物也可以与增效剂混合的形式存在。增效剂为提高活性化合物活性、而其本身不一定具有活性的化合物。
由市售制剂制备的使用形式的活性化合物含量可在较宽的范围内变化。使用形式的活性化合物浓度可为0.0000001至95重量%的活性化合物,优选0.0001至1重量%。
它们以适合于使用形式的常规方式施用。
当用于对抗卫生害虫(hygiene pest)和贮存产品的害虫时,活性化合物或活性化合物结合物在以下两方面表现突出:即对木材和粘土具有优良的残留作用,并且对石灰基质上的碱具有良好的稳定性。
如上所述,可依据本发明处理所有的植物或其部位。在优选实施方案中,处理了野生植物种、或由常规生物育种方法、例如由杂交或原生质体融合获得的植物变种和植物栽培种、以及所述变种和栽培种的部位。在另一个优选实施方案中,处理了由重组方法、如果合适还可与常规方法相结合而获得的转基因植物和植物栽培种(遗传修饰的生物(genetically modified organism))及其部位。术语“部位”或“植物的部位”或“植物部位”解释如上。
特别优选依据本发明进行处理的植物为各自市售或使用的植物栽培种。植物栽培种的含义理解为由常规育种、诱变或重组DNA技术育种的具有新特性的植物。它们可以是栽培种、生物型(biotype)和基因型形式。
依据植物种或植物栽培种、其种植地点和生长条件(土壤、气候、植物生长期、营养(nutrition)),本发明的处理也可产生超加和性(superadditive)(“协同的”)效应。由此可取得如下超过实际预期的效果,例如可降低施用率和/或拓宽作用谱和/或提高可按本发明使用的物质和组合物的活性、改善植物生长状况、提高高温或低温耐受性、提高对干旱或对水或土壤含盐量的耐受性、提高开花品质、使采收更简易、加速成熟、提高产量、提高采收产品的质量和/或改善其营养价值、改善采收产品的贮存性质和/或其加工性能。
优选的依据本发明待处理的转基因植物或植物栽培种(通过重组方法获得)包括在重组修饰中接受遗传物质的所有植物,所述遗传物质将特别的有利的有用特性赋予所述植物。所述特性的实例有:改善植物生长状况、提高高温或低温耐受性、提高对干旱或对水或土壤含盐量的耐受性、提高开花品质、使采收更简易、加速成熟、提高产量、提高采收产品的质量和/或提高其营养价值、改善采收产品的贮存性质和/或其加工性能。需特别提出的所述特性的其他实例有:改善植物对动物和微生物害虫的抵抗力,例如对昆虫、螨虫、植物致病真菌、细菌和/或病毒的抵抗力,以及提高植物对某些除草活性化合物的耐受性。可提出的转基因植物的实例为重要的作物,例如谷物(小麦、稻)、玉米、大豆、马铃薯、棉花、油菜(oilseed rape)、甜菜、甘蔗和果树(果实为苹果、梨、柑橘类果实和葡萄),特别强调的是玉米、大豆、马铃薯、棉花和油菜。特别强调的特性为通过在植物体内形成毒素,特别是由苏云金杆菌的遗传物质(例如基因CryIA(a)、CryIA(b)、CryIA(c)、CryIIA、CryIIIA、CryIIIB2、Cry9c Cry2Ab、Cry3Bb和CryIF及其结合;以下简称为“Bt植物”)在植物体内形成的毒素,来提高植物对昆虫的抵抗力。特别强调的其他特性为通过系统获得性抗性(SAR)、系统素、植物抗毒素、引发物和抗性基因以及相应的表达蛋白质和毒素来提高植物对真菌、细菌和病毒的抵抗力。尤其强调的其他特性为提高植物对某些除草活性化合物的耐受性,例如咪唑啉酮类、磺酰脲类、草甘磷(glyphosate)或phosphinotricin(例如“PAT”基因)。赋予所需特性的基因也可各自在转基因植物体内相互结合。可提出的“Bt植物”的实例为市售的商标名称为YIELD(例如玉米、棉花、大豆)、(例如玉米)、(例如玉米)、(棉花)、(棉花)和(马铃薯)的玉米栽培种、棉花栽培种、大豆栽培种和马铃薯栽培种。可提出的具有除草剂耐受性的植物的实例为市售的商标名称为Roundup(具有草甘磷耐受性,例如玉米、棉花、大豆)、Liberty(具有phosphinotricin耐受性,例如油菜)、(具有咪唑啉酮耐受性)和(具有磺酰脲耐受性,例如玉米)的玉米栽培种、棉花栽培种和大豆栽培种。可提出的具有除草剂抗性的植物(以常规的除草剂耐受性方式育种的植物)还包括的市售变种(例如玉米)。当然,以上叙述也适用于具有所述或待开发的基因特性的植物栽培种,所述植物栽培种将在未来进行开发和/或上市。
上述植物可特别有利地用本发明的化合物或本发明的活性化合物混合物进行处理。上述活性化合物和混合物的优选范围也适用于所述植物的处理。特别强调的为用本发明明确提出的化合物或混合物对植物进行处理。
本发明的活性化合物或活性化合物结合物不仅对植物害虫、卫生害虫和贮存产品害虫具有活性,而且在兽医领域对动物寄生虫(体外寄生虫)、例如硬蜱、软蜱、疥螨、秋螨、蝇(叮咬和吸食)、寄生蝇幼虫、虱、毛虱、羽虱和蚤也具有活性。所述寄生虫包括:
虱目(Anoplurida),例如血虱属(Haematopinus spp.)、毛虱属(Linognathus spp.)、虱属(Pediculus spp.)、Phtirus spp.、管虱属(Solenopotes spp.)。
食毛目(Mallophagida)及钝角亚目(Amblycerina)和细角亚目(Ischnocerina),例如毛羽虱属(Trimenopon spp.)、禽虱属(Menoponspp.)、巨羽虱属(Trinoton spp.)、牛羽虱属(Bovicola spp.)、Werneckiella spp.、Lepikentron spp.、畜虱属(Damalina spp.)、嚼虱属(Trichodectes spp.)、猫羽虱属(Felicola spp.)。
双翅目及长角亚目(Nematocerina)和短角亚目(Brachycerina),例如伊蚊属(Aedes spp.)、按蚊属(Anopheles spp.)、库蚊属(Culexspp.)、蚋属(Simulium spp.)、真蚋属(Eusimulium spp.)、白蛉属(Phlebotomus spp.)、罗蛉属(Lutzomyia spp.)、库蠓属(Culicoides spp.)、斑虻属(Chrysops spp.)、瘤虻属(Hybomitraspp.)、黄虻属(Atylotus spp.)、虻属(Tabanus spp.)、麻虻属(Haematopota spp.)、Philipomyia spp.、蜂虱蝇属(Braula spp.)、家蝇属(Musca spp.)、齿股蝇属(Hydrotaea spp.)、螫蝇属(Stomoxysspp.)、黑角蝇属(Haematobia spp.)、莫蝇属(Morellia spp.)、厕蝇属(Fannia spp.)、舌蝇属(Glossina spp.)、丽蝇属(Calliphoraspp.)、绿蝇属(Lucilia spp.)、金蝇属(Chrysomyia spp.)、污蝇属(Wohlfahrtia spp.)、麻蝇属(Sarcophaga spp.)、狂蝇属(Oestrusspp.)、皮蝇属(Hypoderma spp.)、胃蝇属(Gasterophilus spp.)、虱蝇属(Hippobosca spp.)、羊虱蝇属(Lipoptena spp.)、蜱蝇属(Melophagus spp.)。
蚤目(Siphonapterida),例如蚤属(Pulex spp.)、栉首蚤属(Ctenocephalides spp.)、客蚤属(Xenopsylla spp.)、角叶蚤属(Ceratophyllus spp.)。
异翅目(Heteropterida),例如臭虫属(Cimex spp.)、锥猎蝽属(Triatoma spp.)、红猎蝽属(Rhodnius spp.)、锥蝽属(Panstrongylusspp.)。
蜚蠊目(Blattarida),例如东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、德国蠊(Blattelagermanica)、夏柏拉蟑螂属(Supella spp.)。
蜱螨亚纲(Acaria或Acarida)及后气门目(Metastigmate)和中气门目(Mesostigmata),例如锐缘蜱属(Argas spp.)、钝缘蜱属(Ornithodorus spp.)、残喙蜱属(Otobius spp.)、硬蜱属(Ixodesspp.)、花蜱属(Amblyomma spp.)、牛蜱属(Boophilus spp.)、革蜱属(Dermacentor spp.)、Haemophysalis spp.、璃眼蜱属(Hyalommaspp.)、扇头蜱属(Rhipicephalus spp.)、皮刺螨属(Dermanyssusspp.)、刺利螨属(Raillietia spp.)、肺刺螨属(Pneumonyssus spp.)、胸刺螨属(Sternostoma spp.)、蜂螨属(Varroa spp.)。
轴螨目(Actinedida)(前气门亚目(Prostigmata))和粉螨目(Acaridida)(无气门亚目(Astigmata)),例如蜂盾螨属(Acarapisspp.)、姬螯螨属(Cheyletiella spp.)、禽螯螨属(Ornithocheyletiaspp.)、肉螨属(Myobia spp.)、疮螨属(Psorergates spp.)、蠕形螨属(Demodex spp.)、恙螨属(Trombicula spp.)、Listrophorusspp.、粉螨属(Acarus spp.)、食酪螨属(Tyrophagus spp.)、嗜木螨属(Caloglyphus spp.)、颈下螨属(Hypodectes spp.)、翅螨属(Pterolichus spp.)、痒螨属(Psoroptes spp.)、皮螨属(Chorioptesspp.)、耳疥螨属(Otodectes spp.)、疥螨属(Sarcoptes spp.)、耳螨属(Notoedres spp.)、疙螨属(Knemidocoptes spp.)、气囊螨属(Cytodites spp.)、鸡雏螨属(Laminosioptes spp.)。
本发明的活性化合物或活性化合物结合物也适用于防治侵袭以下动物的节肢动物:农业牲畜,例如黄牛、绵羊、山羊、马、猪、驴、骆驼、水牛、兔、鸡、火鸡、鸭、鹅、蜜蜂;其他家养动物,例如狗、猫、笼鸟、观赏鱼;以及所谓的试验动物,例如仓鼠、豚鼠、大鼠和小鼠。通过防治所述节肢动物,旨在减少死亡和产量的降低(肉、奶、毛、皮、蛋、蜜等),从而可通过使用本发明的活性化合物使畜牧更经济、更简便。
本发明的活性化合物或活性化合物结合物以已知方式用于兽医领域中,可通过例如片剂、胶囊剂、口服饮剂、浸剂、颗粒剂、膏剂、丸剂、喂服(feed-through)法、栓剂的方式进行肠内给药,可通过例如注射(肌内、皮下、静脉、腹膜内等)、植入进行肠外给药,可鼻部给药,可通过例如浸泡或浸洗、喷雾、泼浇、点滴、清洗、撒粉的形式,借助于包括活性化合物的模型制品、例如项圈、耳标、尾标、肢体缚带(limb band)、笼头、标识器等进行皮肤给药。
用于家畜、家禽、家养动物等时,活性化合物或活性化合物结合物可作为包括1至80重量%的活性化合物的制剂(例如粉剂、乳剂、胶悬剂)来使用,既可直接使用,也可稀释100至10000倍后使用,或者它们也可以化学药浴剂(chemical bath)形式使用。
而且,已发现本发明的化合物或活性化合物结合物对毁坏工业材料的昆虫具有强杀昆虫作用。
以非限制性的实例方式可优选提出以下昆虫:
甲虫,例如
北美家天牛(Hylotrupes bajulus)、Chlorophorus pilosis、家具窃蠹(Anobium punctatum)、报死窃蠹(Xestobium rufovillosum)、梳角细脉窃蠹(Ptilinus pecticornis)、Dendrobium pertinex、松窃蠹(Ernobius mollis)、Priobium carpini、褐粉蠹(Lyctusbrunneus)、非洲粉蠹(Lyctus africanus)、南方粉蠹(Lyctusplanicollis)、栎粉蠹(Lyctus linearis)、柔毛粉蠹(Lyctuspubescens)、Trogoxylon aequale、鳞毛粉蠹(Minthes rugicollis)、材小蠹种(Xyleborus spec.)、Tryptodendron spec.、咖啡黑长蠹(Apate monachus)、槲长蠹(Bostrychus capucins)、褐异翅长蠹(Heterobostrychus brunneus)、棘长蠹种(Sinoxylon spec.)、竹长蠹(Dinoderus minutus)。
革翅目昆虫(dermapteran),例如
大树蜂(Sirex juvencus)、枞大树蜂(Urocerus gigas)、泰加大树蜂(Urocerus gigas taignus)、Urocerus augur。
白蚁,例如
欧洲木白蚁(Kalotermes flavicollis)、麻头堆砂白蚁(Cryptotermes brevis)、灰点异白蚁(Heterotermes indicola)、欧美散白蚁(Reticulitermes flavipes)、桑特散白蚁(Reticulitermessantonensis)、南欧网纹白蚁(Reticulitermes lucifugus)、达尔文澳白蚁(Mastotermes darwiniensis)、内华达古白蚁(Zootermopsisnevadensis)、家白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus)。
蠹虫(Bristletail),例如衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)。
本发明中,工业材料的含义应理解为非活体(non-living)材料,例如优选为合成材料、胶粘剂、胶液、纸张和板材、皮革、木材和木材产品、以及涂料。
待保护以免受昆虫侵袭的材料极特别优选为木材和木材产品。
可由本发明的组合物或包括所述组合物的混合物保护的木材及木材产品的含义应理解为,例如:
建筑木材、木梁、铁路枕木、桥梁组件、突堤、木制交通工具、箱、托架、集装箱、电话线杆、木制覆层(wood cladding)、木制门窗、胶合板、刨花板、细木工制品、或较一般用于房屋建造或建筑木工的木材产品。
活性化合物或活性化合物结合物可以其本身、或浓缩液或一般常规制剂的形式使用,所述制剂形式例如粉剂、颗粒剂、溶液剂、悬浮剂、乳剂或膏剂。
上述制剂可以本身已知的方式制备,例如将活性化合物与至少一种溶剂或稀释剂、乳化剂、分散剂和/或粘合剂或固定剂、防水剂混合,如果合适还可与干燥剂和UV稳定剂混合,并且如果合适也可与着色剂和颜料以及其他处理助剂混合。
用于保护木材和木制材料的杀昆虫组合物或浓缩液,包括浓度为0.0001至95重量%,特别是0.001至60重量%的本发明的活性化合物。
组合物或浓缩液的使用量取决于昆虫的种类和出现率(occurence)以及介质。最优施用率可分别通过在一系列试验中使用而确定。然而,一般而言,根据待保护的材料,使用0.0001至20重量%,优选0.001至10重量%的活性化合物便已足够。
使用的溶剂和/或稀释剂有,有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物和/或低挥发性油状或油型有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物和/或极性有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物和/或水,如果合适还有乳化剂和/或润湿剂。
优选使用的有机化学溶剂为蒸发值(evaporation number)高于35、闪点高于30℃、优选高于45℃的油状或油型溶剂。可用作所述不溶于水的低挥发性油状及油型溶剂的物质为适合的矿物油或其芳烃馏分,或含矿物油的溶剂混合物,优选石油溶剂、石油和/或烷基苯。
有利使用的物质有:沸程170至220℃的矿物油、沸程170至220℃的石油溶剂、沸程250至350℃的锭子油、沸程160至280℃的石油或芳香烃、松节油等。
在优选实施方案中,使用沸程180至210℃的液态脂族烃、或沸程180至220℃的芳香烃与脂族烃的高沸点混合物和/或锭子油和/或一氯代萘,优选α-一氯代萘。
蒸发值高于35、闪点高于30℃、优选高于45℃的低挥发性有机油状或油型溶剂,可以部分地用高或中等挥发性的有机化学溶剂代替,条件是溶剂混合物也具有高于35的蒸发值和高于30℃、优选高于45℃的闪点,并且杀昆虫剂/杀真菌剂混合物在该溶剂混合物中可溶或可乳化。
在优选实施方案中,有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物的一部分被脂族极性有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物代替。优选使用的物质为具有羟基和/或酯基和/或醚基的脂族有机化学溶剂,例如乙二醇醚、酯等。
在本发明范围内使用的有机化学粘合剂有,合成树脂和/或可用水稀释的和/或可在所使用的有机化学溶剂中溶解或分散或乳化的本身已知的粘合干性油(binding drying oil),特别是由以下物质组成、或包括以下物质的粘合剂:丙烯酸酯树脂,乙烯基树脂、例如聚乙酸乙烯酯,聚酯树脂,缩聚或加聚树脂,聚氨酯树脂,醇酸树脂或改性醇酸树脂,酚树脂,烃类树脂、例如茚/香豆酮树脂,硅氧烷树脂,干性植物油和/或干性油和/或基于天然和/或合成树脂的物理干性粘合剂。
用作粘合剂的合成树脂可以乳液、分散液或溶液形式使用。最高为10重量%的沥青或沥青物质也可用作粘合剂。此外,也可使用本身已知的着色剂、颜料、防水剂、遮味剂和抑制剂或防蚀剂等。
依据本发明,组合物或浓缩液优选包括至少一种醇酸树脂或改性醇酸树脂和/或干性植物油作为有机化学粘合剂。依据本发明,优选使用油含量高于45重量%,优选50至68重量%的醇酸树脂。
上述粘合剂的全部或一部分可被固定剂(混合物)或增塑剂(混合物)代替。这些添加剂旨在防止活性化合物挥发,以及结晶或沉淀。所述添加剂优选代替0.01至30%的粘合剂(以所使用的粘合剂为100%计)。
增塑剂来自于以下化学类别:邻苯二甲酸酯、例如邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯或邻苯二甲酸苄基丁基酯,磷酸酯、例如磷酸三丁酯,己二酸酯、例如己二酸-(2-乙基己基)酯,硬脂酸酯、例如硬脂酸丁酯或硬脂酸戊酯,油酸酯、例如油酸丁酯,丙三醇醚或相对高分子量的乙二醇醚、丙三醇酯和对甲苯磺酸酯。
固定剂化学上基于聚乙烯基烷基醚、例如聚乙烯基甲基醚,或酮、例如二苯甲酮或亚乙基二苯甲酮。
特别适合用作溶剂或稀释剂的还有水,如果合适可作为与一种或多种上述有机化学溶剂或稀释剂、乳化剂和分散剂的混合物。
特别有效的木材保护通过大规模的工业浸渍工艺完成,例如真空、双真空或压力工艺。
如果合适,即用(ready-to-use)的组合物还可另外包括其他杀昆虫剂,并且如果合适还包括一种或多种杀真菌剂。
适合的可混合的附加组分优选为WO 94/29 268中提出的杀昆虫剂和杀真菌剂。该文件中所提出的化合物明确地为本申请的一部分。
极特别优选的可混合组分有:杀昆虫剂、例如毒死蜱(chlorpyriphos)、腈肟磷、灭虫硅醚(silafluofin)、甲体氯氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯、吡虫磷、NI-25、氟虫脲、氟铃脲、四氟菊酯(transfluthrin)、噻虫啉、methoxyphenoxid和杀虫隆,
以及杀真菌剂,例如氧唑菌(epoxyconazole)、己唑醇、戊环唑、丙环唑、戊唑醇、环唑醇、环戊唑菌、烯菌灵(imazalil)、抑菌灵(dichlofluanid)、对甲抑菌灵、氨基甲酸-3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基酯、N-辛基异噻唑啉-3-酮和4,5-二氯-N-辛基异噻唑啉-3-酮。
本发明的化合物或活性化合物结合物可同时用于保护与咸水或半咸水接触的物体,特别是船体、筛、网、建筑、系泊和信号系统,防止其产生污垢。
由固着性的寡毛纲(Oligochaeta)动物、例如龙介虫科(Serpulidae),以及由贝壳(shell)及Ledamorpha种群(鹅茗荷(goosebarnacles)),例如各种茗荷属(Lepas)种及铠茗荷属(Scalpellum)种,或由藤壶(Balanomorpha)种群(藤壶(acorn barnacles)),例如藤壶属(Balanus)种或龟足属(Pollicipes)种引起的污垢,会增加船只的摩擦阻力,结果由于更高的能量消耗和在干船坞上额外的频繁停靠导致运转成本显著增加。
除藻类,例如水云属(Ectocarpus sp.)和角藻属(Ceramium sp.)引起的污垢之外,由归入总称为蔓足纲(Cirripedia)(cirripedcrustaceans)的固着性Entomostraka群引起的污垢亦特别重要。
出人意料的是,现已发现本发明的化合物单独或与其他活性化合物相结合时,具有突出的防污作用。
单独使用或与其他活性化合物结合使用本发明的化合物,可避免使用重金属,例如在以下化合物中使用的重金属:双(三烷基锡)硫化物,月桂酸-三-正丁基锡,三正丁基氯化锡,氧化亚铜(I),三乙基氯化锡,三正丁基(2-苯基-4-氯苯氧基)锡,三丁基氧化锡,二硫化钼、氧化锑、钛酸丁酯聚合物、苯基(双吡啶)三氯化铋,三正丁基氟化锡、亚乙基双硫代氨基甲酸锰(manganese ethylenebisthiocarbamate),二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、亚乙基双硫代氨基甲酸锌、2-吡啶硫醇-1-氧化物的锌盐和2-吡啶硫醇-1-氧化物的铜盐、亚乙基二硫代氨基甲酸-双二甲基二硫代氨基甲酰锌(bisdimethyldithiocarbamoylzincethylene-bisthiocarbamate)、氧化锌、亚乙基双二硫代氨基甲酸亚铜(copper(I)ethylene-bisdithiocarbamate)、硫氰酸铜、环烷酸铜和三丁锡卤化物中,或显著降低上述化合物的浓度。
如果合适,即用的防污涂料还可另外包括其他活性化合物,优选杀藻剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂、杀软体动物剂,或其他防污活性化合物。
优选适合的与本发明的防污组合物结合的组分有:
杀藻剂,例如
2-叔丁基氨基-4-环丙基氨基-6-甲硫基-1,3,5-三嗪、双氯酚、敌草隆(diuron)、草藻灭(endothal)、薯瘟锡、异丙隆(isoproturon)、噻唑隆(methabenzthiazuron)、氟硝草醚(oxyfluorfen)、灭藻醌(quinoclamine)和去草净(terbutryn);
杀真菌剂,例如:
苯并[b]噻吩羧酸环己基酰胺-S,S-二氧化物、抑菌灵、fluorfolpet、丁基氨基甲酸-3-碘-2-丙炔酯、对甲抑菌灵、和吡咯类例如:
戊环唑、环唑醇、氧唑菌、己唑醇、环戊唑菌、丙环唑和戊唑醇;
杀软体动物剂,例如:
薯瘟锡、蜗牛敌、灭虫威、贝螺杀(niclosamid)、硫双灭多威和混杀威;
或常规防污活性化合物,例如
4,5-二氯-2-辛基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮,diiodomethylparatrylsulfone,2-(N,N-二甲基硫代氨基甲酰硫)-5-硝基噻唑基(2-(N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoylthio)-5-nitrothiazyl),2-吡啶硫醇-1-氧钾盐、铜盐、钠盐和锌盐,吡啶-三苯基甲硼烷,四丁基二锡环氧乙烷,2,3,5,6-四氯-4-(甲磺酰基)吡啶,2,4,5,6-四氯间苯二腈,二硫化四甲基秋兰姆和2,4,6-三氯苯基马来酰亚胺。
使用的防污组合物包括0.001至50重量%、特别是0.01至20重量%浓度的本发明的活性化合物。
而且,本发明的防污组合物还包括常规组分,例如Ungerer,Chem.Ind.1985,37,730-732和Williams,Antifouling Marine Coatings,Noyes,Park Ridge,1973中所述的组分。
除本发明的杀藻、杀真菌、杀软体动物活性化合物和杀昆虫活性化合物之外,防污涂料还特别包括粘合剂。
公认粘合剂的实例有:溶剂体系中的聚氯乙烯,溶剂体系中的氯化橡胶,溶剂体系特别是水体系中的丙烯酸树脂,水分散液形式或有机溶剂体系形式的氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物体系,丁二烯/苯乙烯/丙烯腈橡胶,干性油、例如亚麻子油,树脂酯或与焦油或沥青、柏油和环氧化合物结合的改性硬化树脂,少量氯橡胶、氯化聚丙烯及乙烯树脂。
如果合适,涂料还包括优选不溶于咸水的无机颜料、有机颜料或着色剂。涂料可进一步包括使活性化合物控释的物质,例如松香。此外,涂料还可包括增塑剂、影响流变学特性的改性剂和其他常规成分。本发明的化合物或上述混合物也可包含于自抛光防污体系中。
活性化合物或活性化合物结合物亦适于防治封闭空间内发现的动物害虫,特别是昆虫、蛛形纲动物和螨虫,所述封闭空间例如住所、工厂车间、办公室、交通工具舱室等。它们可单独或与其他活性化合物和助剂结合用于防治所述害虫的家用杀昆虫产品中。它们对敏感和抗性物种以及全部发育阶段均具有活性。所述害虫包括:
蝎目(Scorpionidea),例如地中海黄蝎(Buthus occitanus)。
蜱螨目(Acarina),例如波斯锐缘蜱(Argas persicus)、鸽锐缘蜱(Argas reflexus)、苔螨亚种(Bryobia ssp.)、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae)、家嗜甜螨(Glyciphagus domesticus)、非洲钝缘蜱(Ornithodorus moubat)、血红扇头蜱(Rhipicephalussanguineus)、阿氏真恙螨(Trombicula alfreddugesi)、Neutrombiculaautumnalis、特嗜皮螨(Dermatophagoides pteronissimus)、法嗜皮螨(Dermatophagoides forinae)。
蜘蛛目(Araneae),例如捕鸟蛛(Aviculariidae)、圆蛛(Araneidae)。
盲蛛目(Opiliones),例如螯蝎(Pseudoscorpiones chelifer)、Pseudoscorpiones cheiridium、长踦盲蛛(Opiliones phalangium)。
等足目,例如栉水虱、球鼠妇。
倍足目,例如Blaniulus guttulatus、山蛩虫(Polydesmus spp.)。
唇足目,例如地蜈蚣(Geophilus spp.)。
衣鱼目(Zygentoma),例如栉衣鱼属(Ctenolepisma spp.)、衣鱼、盗火虫(Lepismodes inquilinus)。
蜚蠊目,例如东方蜚蠊、德国蠊、亚洲蠊(Blattella asahinai)、马德拉蜚蠊、角腹蠊属(Panchlora spp.)、木蠊属(Parcoblatta spp.)、澳洲大蠊(Periplaneta australasiae)、美洲大蠊、大褐大蠊(Periplaneta brunnea)、烟色大蠊(Periplaneta fuliginosa)、棕带蜚蠊(Supella longipalpa)。
跳跃亚目(Saltatoria),例如家蟋。
革翅目,例如欧洲球螋。
等翅目,例如木白蚁属(Kalotermes spp.)、散白蚁属。
啮虫目(Psocoptera),例如Lepinatus spp.、粉啮虫属(Liposcelisspp.)。
鞘翅目,例如圆皮蠹属、毛皮蠹属、皮蠹属、长头谷盗(Latheticusoryzae)、隐跗郭公虫属(Necrobia spp.)、蛛甲属、谷蠹、谷象(Sitophilus granarius)、米象(Sitophilus oryzae)、玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)、药材甲(Stegobium paniceum)。
双翅目,例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白纹伊蚊(Aedesalbopictus)、带喙伊蚊(Aedes taeniorhynchus)、按蚊属、红头丽蝇、高额麻虻(Chrysozona pluvialis)、五带淡色库蚊(Culexquinquefasciatus)、尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)、环喙库蚊(Culextarsalis)、果蝇属(Drosophila spp.)、夏厕蝇(Fannia canicularis)、家蝇(Musca domestica)、白蛉属、Sarcophaga carnaria、蚋属、厩螫蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans)、欧洲大蚊。
鳞翅目,例如小蜡螟(Achroia grisella)、大蜡螟、印度谷螟(Plodia interpunctella)、木塞谷蛾(Tinea cloacella)、袋谷蛾、幕谷蛾。
蚤目,例如犬栉首蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、猫栉首蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、人蚤(Pulex irritans)、穿皮潜蚤(Tungapenetrans)、印鼠客蚤。
膜翅目,例如广布弓背蚁(Camponotus herculeanus)、黑臭蚁(Lasius fuliginosus)、黑蚁(Lasius niger)、Lasius umbratus、小家蚁、Paravespula spp.、铺道蚁(Tetramorium caespitum)。
虱目(Anoplura),例如头虱(Pediculus humanus capitis)、体虱、阴虱(Phthirus pubis)。
异翅目,例如热带臭虫(Cimex hemipterus)、温带臭虫、长红猎蝽、侵扰锥猎蝽(Triatoma infestans)。
它们可单独或与其他适合的活性化合物、例如磷酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯、生长调节剂或来自其他已知的杀昆虫剂种类的活性化合物相结合用于家用杀昆虫剂领域。
它们用于以下产品中:气雾剂、真空喷雾(pressure-free spray)产品、例如泵及喷雾器(atomizer)喷雾、自动弥雾系统、烟雾发生器、泡沫、凝胶、具有纤维素或聚合物制成的蒸发片(evaporator tablet)的蒸发器产品、流体蒸发器、凝胶和薄膜蒸发器、推进器驱动的蒸发器、无动力(energy-free)或无源(passive)蒸发系统、捕蛾纸、捕蛾袋和捕蛾胶,作为颗粒剂或粉末剂用于抛撒的饵料中或毒饵站(baitstation)中。
本发明的活性化合物或活性化合物结合物还可用作脱叶剂、干燥剂、除茎叶剂(haulm killer),以及特别是除杂草剂。杂草的含义最广义上应理解为在不需要它们的地方生长的所有的植物。本发明的物质是用作非选择性除草剂还是选择性除草剂,本质上取决于施用率。
本发明的活性化合物或活性化合物结合物可用于,例如以下植物:
以下属的双子叶杂草:白麻属(Abutilon)、苋属(Amaranthus)、豚草属(Ambrosia)、Anoda、春黄菊属(Anthemis)、Aphanes、滨藜属(Atriplex)、雏菊属(Bellis)、鬼针属(Bidens)、荠属(Capsella)、飞廉属(Carduus)、决明属(Cassia)、矢车菊属(Centaurea)、藜属(Chenopodium)、蓟属(Cirsium)、旋花属(Convolvulus)、曼陀罗属(Datura)、山蚂蝗属(Desmodium)、刺酸模属(Emex)、糖芥属(Erysimum)、大戟属(Euphorbia)、鼬瓣花属(Galeopsis)、牛膝菊属(Galinsoga)、拉拉藤属(Galium)、芙蓉属(Hibiscus)、番薯属(Ipomoea)、地肤属(Kochia)、野芝麻属(Lamium)、独行菜属(Lepidium)、母草属(Lindernia)、母菊属(Matricaria)、薄荷属(Mentha)、山靛属(Mercurialis)、Mullugo、勿忘我属(Myosotis)、罂粟属(Papaver)、牵牛属(Pharbitis)、车前属(Plantago)、蓼属(Polygonum)、马齿苋属(Portulaca)、毛茛属(Ranunculus)、萝卜属(Raphanus)、蔊菜属(Rorippa)、节节菜属(Rotala)、酸模属(Rumex)、猪毛菜属(Salsola)、千里光属(Senecio)、田菁属(Sesbania)、黄花稔属(Sida)、白芥属(Sinapis)、茄属(Solanum)、苦苣菜属(Sonchus)、尖瓣花属(Sphenoclea)、繁缕属(Stellaria)、蒲公英属(Taraxacum)、菥蓂属(Thlaspi)、车轴草属(Trifolium)、荨麻属(Urtica)、婆婆纳属(Veronica)、堇菜属(Viola)、苍耳属(Xanthium)。
以下属的双子叶作物:花生属(Arachis)、甜菜属(Beta)、芸苔属(Brassica)、黄瓜属(Cucumis)、南瓜属(Cucurbita)、向日葵属(Helianthus)、胡萝卜属(Daucus)、大豆属(Glycine)、棉属(Gossypium)、番薯属(Ipomoea)、莴苣属(Lactuca)、亚麻属(Linum)、番茄属(Lycopersicon)、烟草属(Nicotiana)、菜豆属(Phaseolus)、豌豆属(Pisum)、茄属(Solanum)、蚕豆属(Vicia)。
以下属的单子叶杂草:山羊草属(Aegilops)、冰草属(Agropyron)、剪股颖属(Agrostis)、看麦娘属(Alopecurus)、Apera、燕麦属(Avena)、臂形草属(Brachiaria)、雀麦属(Bromus)、蒺藜草属(Cenchrus)、鸭跖草属(Commelina)、狗牙根属(Cynodon)、莎草属(Cyperus)、龙爪茅属(Dactyloctenium)、马唐属(Digitaria)、稗属(Echinochloa)、荸荠属(Eleocharis)、蟋蟀草属(Eleusine)、画眉草属(Eragrostis)、野黍属(Eriochloa)、羊茅属(Festuca)、飘拂草属(Fimbristylis)、异蕊花属(Heteranthera)、白茅属(Imperata)、鸭嘴草属(Ischaemum)、千金子属(Leptochloa)、黑麦草属(Lolium)、雨久花属(Monochoria)、黍属(Panicum)、雀稗属(Paspalum)、虉草属(Phalaris)、梯牧草属(Phleum)、早熟禾属(Poa)、筒轴茅属(Rottboellia)、慈姑属(Sagittaria)、莞草属(Scirpus)、狗尾草属(Setaria)、高粱属(Sorghum)。
以下属的单子叶作物:葱属(Allium)、凤梨属(Ananas)、天门冬属(Asparagus)、燕麦属(Avena)、大麦属(Hordeum)、稻属(Oryza)、黍属(Panicum)、甘蔗属(Saccharum)、黑麦属(Secale)、高粱属(Sorghum)、小黑麦属(Triticale)、小麦属(Triticum)、玉蜀黍属(Zea)。
然而,本发明的活性化合物或活性化合物结合物的使用决不仅限于上述属,而是以相同的方式推广至其他植物。
依据浓度,本发明的活性化合物或活性化合物结合物适于在例如工业地带和铁道以及有树和无树的道路和场所中用于非选择性防治杂草。同样,本发明的活性化合物也可用于防治多年生作物中的杂草,以及选择性防治一年生作物中的杂草;所述多年生作物例如森林、观赏树木栽植、果树、葡萄园、柑桔林、坚果林、香蕉种植园、咖啡种植园、茶叶种植园、橡胶种植园、油椰种植园、可可种植园、浆果(soft fruit)栽植和蛇麻草田(hop field)、草地、草坪和草场。
本发明的化合物或活性化合物结合物在用于土壤和地上植物部位时,具有很强的除草活性和很宽的作用谱。某种程度上,它们还适于在出苗前和出苗后选择性防治单子叶和双子叶作物中的单子叶和双子叶杂草。
本发明的活性化合物或活性化合物结合物也可以一定浓度或施用率用于防治动物害虫以及真菌或细菌植物疾病。如果合适,它们还可用作合成其他活性化合物的中间体或前体。
活性化合物或活性化合物结合物可转化为常规制剂,例如溶液剂、乳剂、可湿性粉剂、悬浮剂、粉剂、粉末剂、膏剂、可溶性粉剂、颗粒剂、悬乳浓缩剂、用活性化合物浸渍过的天然和合成物、及聚合物中的微胶囊。
所述制剂以已知方式制备,例如将活性化合物与填充剂混合,即与液体溶剂和/或固体载体混合,同时可选择性使用表面活性剂,即乳化剂和/或分散剂和/或发泡剂。
若使用的填充剂为水,还可使用例如有机溶剂作为助溶剂。适合的液体溶剂本质上为:芳香族化合物,例如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘;氯代芳香烃和氯代脂族烃,例如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷;脂族烃,例如环己烷或石蜡,如矿物油馏分、矿物油和植物油;醇,例如丁醇或乙二醇及其醚和酯;酮,例如丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮;强极性溶剂,例如二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜,以及水。
适合的固体载体有:例如铵盐,和粉碎的天然矿物,例如高岭土、粘土、滑石粉、白垩、石英、凹凸棒石、蒙脱石或硅藻土,以及粉碎的合成矿物,例如研细的二氧化硅、氧化铝和硅酸盐;适用于颗粒剂的固体载体有:例如粉碎并分级的天然岩石例如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石和白云石,以及合成的无机和有机粉颗粒,以及有机物颗粒例如锯木屑、椰壳、玉米穗轴和烟草茎;适合的乳化剂和/或发泡剂有:例如非离子和阴离子乳化剂,例如聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、例如烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、芳基磺酸盐和蛋白质水解产物;适合的分散剂有:例如木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
制剂中可使用增粘剂,例如羧甲基纤维素以及粉末、颗粒或胶乳状的天然和合成聚合物,例如阿拉伯树胶、聚乙烯醇和聚乙酸乙烯酯,以及天然磷脂,例如脑磷脂和卵磷脂,和合成磷脂。其他添加剂可以是矿物油和植物油。
可使用着色剂,例如无机颜料、例如氧化铁、氧化钛和普鲁士蓝,以及有机染料,例如茜素染料、偶氮染料和金属酞菁染料,以及微量营养素例如铁盐、锰盐、硼盐、铜盐、钴盐、钼盐和锌盐。
制剂一般包括0.1至95重量%、优选0.5至90重量%的活性化合物。
本发明的活性化合物也可以其本身或其制剂的形式与已知的除草剂和/或改善作物相容性的物质(“安全剂”)混合用于杂草防治目的,为即用混合物或罐装混合物均可。也可与含有一种或多种已知除草剂和安全剂的除草剂产品混合。
适于混合的除草剂为已知除草剂,例如:
乙草胺(acetochlor)、三氟羧草醚(acifluorfen(-sodium))、苯草醚(aclonifen)、甲草胺(alachlor)、禾草灭(alloxydim(-sodium))、莠灭净(ametryne)、氨唑草酮(amicarbazone)、先甲草胺(amidochlor)、酰嘧磺隆(amidosulfuron)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、磺草灵(asulam)、莠去津(atrazine)、唑啶草酮(azafenidin)、四唑嘧磺隆(azimsulfuron)、
氟丁酰草胺(beflubutamid)、草除灵(benazolin(-ethyl))、呋草黄(benfuresate)、苄嘧磺隆(bensulfuron(-methyl))、灭草松(bentazone)、双苯嘧草酮(benzfendizone)、双环磺草酮(benzobicyclon)、吡草酮(benzofenap)、新燕灵(benzoylprop(-ethyl))、双丙氨膦(bialaphos)、甲羧除草醚(bifenox)、双草醚(bispyribac(-sodium))、溴丁酰草胺(bromobutide)、溴酚污(bromofenoxim)、溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、丁草胺(butachlor)、氟丙嘧草酯(butafenacil(-allyl))、丁苯草酮(butroxydim)、丁草敌(butylate)、
唑草胺(cafenstrole)、醌肟草(caloxydim)、双酰草胺(carbetamide)、唑草酯(carfentrazone(-ethyl))、甲氧除草醚(chlomethoxyfen)、草灭畏(chloramben)、氯草敏(chloridazon)、氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron(-ethyl))、草枯醚(chlornitrofen)、氯磺隆(chlorsulfuron)、绿麦隆(chlortoluron)、吲哚酮草酯(cinidon(-ethyl))、环庚草醚(cinmethylin)、醚磺隆(cinosulfuron)、环苯草酮(clefoxydim)、烯草酮(clethodim)、炔草酸(clodinafop(-propargyl))、异恶草松(clomazone)、氯甲酰草胺(clomeprop)、二氯吡啶酸(clopyralid)、clopyrasulfuron(-methyl)、氯酯磺草胺(cloransulam(-methyl))、苄草隆、氰草津(cyanazine)、cybutryne、环草敌(cycloate)、环丙嘧磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、噻草酮(cycloxydim)、氰氟草酯(cyhalofop(-butyl))、
2,4-D、2,4-DB、甜菜安(desmedipham)、燕麦敌(diallate)、麦草畏、精2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop(-P))、禾草灵(diclofop(-methyl))、双氯磺草胺(diclosulam)、乙酰甲草胺(diethatyl(-ethyl))、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、吡氟酰草胺(diflufenican)、氟吡草腙(diflufenzopyr)、恶唑隆(dimefuron)、哌草丹、二甲草胺(dimethachlor)、异戊乙净(dimethametryn)、二甲吩草胺(dimethenamid)、dimexyflam、氨氟灵(dinitramine)、双苯酰草胺(diphenamid)、敌草快(diquat)、氟硫草定(dithiopyr)、敌草隆(diuron)、香草隆、
epropodan、EPTC、戊草丹(esprocarb)、乙丁烯氟灵(ethalfluralin)、胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron(-methyl))、乙氧呋草黄(ethofumesate)、氟乳醚(ethoxyfen)、乙氧嘧磺隆(ethoxysulfuron)、乙氧苯草胺(etobenzanid)、
精恶唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop(-P-ethyl))、四唑酰草胺(fentrazamide)、麦草氟(异丙酯、异丙酯-L、甲酯)(flamprop(-isopropyl,-isopropyl-L,-methyl))、啶嘧磺隆(flazasulfuron)、双氟磺草胺(florasulam)、精吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop(-P-butyl))、异丙吡草酯(fluazolate)、氟酮磺隆(flucarbazone(-sodium))、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、唑嘧磺草胺(flumetsulam)、氟烯草酸(flumiclorac(-pentyl))、丙炔氟草胺(flumioxazin)、flumipropyn、唑嘧磺草胺(flumetsulam)、氟草隆(fluometuron)、氟咯草酮(fluorochloridone)、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen(-ethyl))、氟胺草唑(flupoxam)、flupropacil、flurpyrsulfuron(-methyl,-sodium)、芴丁酯(flurenol(-butyl))、氟啶草酮(fluridone)、氯氟吡氧乙酸(-丁氧基丙基,-meptyl)(fluroxypyr(-butoxypropyl,-meptyl))、呋嘧醇(flurprimidol)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、氟噻乙草酯(fluthiacet(-methyl))、fluthiamide、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、甲酰氨磺隆(foramsulfuron)、
草铵膦(glufosinate(-ammonium))、草甘膦异丙胺盐(glyphosate(-isopropylammonium)、
氟硝磺酰胺(halosafen)、氟吡禾灵(吡氟氯禾灵、精吡氟氯禾灵)(haloxyfop(-ethoxyethyl,-P-methyl))、环嗪酮(hexazinone)、
咪草酸(imazamethabenz(-methyl))、imazamethapyr、甲氧咪草烟(imazamox)、imazapic、咪唑烟酸(imazapyr)、咪唑喹啉酸(imazaquin)、咪唑乙烟酸(imazethapyr)、唑吡嘧磺隆(imazosulfuron)、碘甲磺隆钠盐(iodosulfuron(-methyl,-sodium))、碘苯腈(ioxynil)、异丙乐灵(isopropalin)、异丙隆(isoproturon)、异恶隆(isouron)、异恶酰草胺(isoxaben)、异恶氯草酮(isoxachlortole)、异恶唑草酮(isoxaflutole)、异恶草醚(isoxapyrifop)、
乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)、环草定(lenacil)、利谷隆(linuron)、
MCPA、2甲4氯丙酸、苯噻酰草胺(mefenacet)、mesosulfurone、甲基磺草酮(mesotrione)、苯嗪草酮(metamitron)、吡唑草胺(metazachlor)、甲基苯噻隆(methabenzthiazuron)、吡喃隆(metobenzuron)、溴谷隆(metobromuron)、α-异丙甲草胺((alpha-)metolachlor)、磺草唑胺(metosulam)、甲氧隆(metoxuron)、嗪草酮(metribuzin)、甲磺隆(metsulfuron(-methyl))、禾草敌(molinate)、绿谷隆(monolinuron)、
萘丙胺(naproanilide)、敌草胺(napropamide)、草不隆(neburon)、烟嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)、氟草敏(norflurazon)、
坪草丹(orbencarb)、氨磺乐灵(oryzalin)、丙炔恶草酮(oxadiargyl)、恶草酮(oxadiazon)、环氧嘧磺隆(oxasulfuron)、恶嗪草酮(oxaziclomefone)、乙氧氟草醚(oxyfluorfen)、
百草枯(paraquat)、壬酸(pelargonic acid)、二甲戊灵(pendimethalin)、pendralin、环戊恶草酮(pentoxazone)、甜菜宁(phenmedipham)、氟吡酰草胺(picolinafen)、pinoxaden、哌草磷(piperophos)、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron(-methyl))、氟唑草胺(profluazol)、扑草净(prometryn)、毒草胺(propachlor)、敌稗(propanil)、恶草酸(propaquizafop)、异丙草胺(propisochlor)、propoxycarbazone(-sodium)、炔苯酰草胺(propyzamide)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、氟磺隆(prosulfuron)、吡草醚(pyraflufen(-ethyl))、双唑草腈(pyrazogyl)、吡唑特(pyrazolate)、吡嘧磺隆(pyrazosulfuron(-ethyl))、苄草唑(pyrazoxyfen)、嘧啶肟草醚(pyribenzoxim)、稗草丹(pyributicarb)、哒草特(pyridate)、pyridatol、环酯草醚(pyriftalide)、嘧草醚(pyriminobac(-methyl))、嘧草硫醚(pyrithiobac(-sodium))、
二氯喹啉酸(quinchlorac)、氯甲喹啉酸(quinmerac)、灭藻醌(quinoclamine)、喹禾灵(精喹禾灵、喹禾糖酯)(quizalofop(-P-ethyl,-P-tefuryl))、
砜嘧磺隆(rimsulfuron)、
烯禾啶(sethoxydim)、西玛津(simazine)、西草净(simetryn)、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、甲磺草胺(sulfentrazone)、甲嘧磺隆(sulfometuron(-methyl))、草甘膦(sulfosate)、磺酰磺隆(sulfosulfuron)、
牧草胺(tebutam)、丁噻隆(tebuthiuron)、tepraloxydim、特丁津(terbuthylazine)、特丁净(terbutryn)、噻吩草胺(thenylchlor)、thiafluamide、噻唑烟酸(thiazopyr)、噻二唑草胺(thidiazimin)、噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron(-methyl))、禾草丹(thiobencarb)、仲草丹(tiocarbazil)、三甲苯草酮(tralkoxydim)、野燕畏(triallate)、醚苯磺隆(triasulfuron)、苯磺隆(tribenuron(-methyl))、三氯吡氧乙酸(triclopyr)、灭草环(tridiphane)、氟乐灵(trifluralin)、三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron)、氟胺磺隆(triflusulfuron(-methyl))、三氟甲磺隆(tritosulfuron)。
也可与其他已知活性化合物混合,例如与杀真菌剂、杀昆虫剂、杀螨虫剂、杀线虫剂、驱鸟剂、植物营养素和土壤结构改良剂混合。
活性化合物或活性化合物结合物可以其本身、其制剂形式或通过进一步稀释而由其制备的使用形式来施用,例如即用的溶液剂、悬浮剂、乳剂、粉剂、膏剂和颗粒剂。它们以常规方式施用,例如泼浇、喷雾、雾化(atomizing)、抛撒(spreading)。
本发明的活性化合物或活性化合物结合物既可在植物出苗前、也可在植物出苗后施用。还可在播种前将其混入土壤中。
活性化合物的施用率可在非常宽的范围内变化。本质上,施用率取决于所需药效的性质。一般而言,施用率为每公顷土地面积1g至10kg的活性化合物,优选每公顷5g至5kg。
本发明活性化合物结合物与作物相容性的有利效果在一定浓度比时特别显著。然而,活性化合物在活性化合物结合物中的重量比也可在较宽范围内变化。一般而言,每重量份的式(I)活性化合物,存在0.001至1000重量份、优选0.01至100重量份、特别优选0.05至20重量份的上述(c′)中的一种改善作物相容性的化合物(解毒剂/安全剂)。
本发明的活性化合物结合物一般以成品制剂的形式施用。然而,包含在活性化合物结合物中的活性化合物也可作为单独的制剂在使用中混合,即以罐装混合物的形式使用。
对某些施用、特别是通过出苗后的方法施用而言,还可有利地在制剂中包括以下其他添加剂:植物耐受的矿物油或植物油(例如市售制剂“Rako Binol”),或铵盐,例如硫酸铵或硫氰酸铵。
新的活性化合物结合物可以其本身、其制剂形式或通过进一步稀释而由其制备的使用形式来施用,例如即用的溶液剂、悬浮剂、乳剂、粉剂、膏剂和颗粒剂。施用为常规方式,例如浇灌、喷雾、雾化、喷粉或撒播。
本发明活性化合物结合物的施用率可在一定范围内变化:在各种因素中,施用率主要取决于天气和土壤因素。一般而言,施用率为0.001至5kg每公顷,优选0.005至2kg每公顷,特别优选0.01至0.5kg每公顷。
本发明的活性化合物结合物既可在植物出苗前、也可在植物出苗后施用,即通过出苗前的方法和出苗后的方法施用。
本发明待使用的安全剂,依据其特性,可用于预处理作物的种子(拌种),或者可在播种前放入播沟(seed furrows)中,或者可在植物出苗前或出苗后,在使用除草剂之前单独使用或与除草剂一起使用。
本发明活性化合物的制备方法和用途由以下实施例阐述。
制备实施例
实施例I-a-1
首先将2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基乙酸(1.5g,7.8mmo l)、1.36g2-乙氨基丙酸乙酯(1.2当量)和4.3ml三乙胺(3.9当量)投入60ml四氢呋喃(THF)中,并在室温下搅拌10分钟。加入0.44ml磷酰氯,混合物回流加热至沸腾6小时。溶液减压浓缩,残余物用乙酸乙酯吸收,滤除形成的残渣。有机相用硫酸钠干燥后,减压除去溶剂,得到的产物A不需进一步纯化即进行反应。
为此,首先将1.22g叔丁醇钾投入18ml DMF溶液中,并在1小时内逐滴加入35ml A的DMF溶液。混合物室温搅拌60小时,然后倒入水中。用盐酸将溶液调至pH=2,并搅拌20分钟。滤除形成的沉淀,并用正庚烷洗涤,减压干燥。产量:630mg(2.3mmol),理论值的29.5%,熔点(m.p.):205至207℃。
以类似于实施例(I-a-1)的方法,依据制备方法的总的说明,制得以下式(I-a)化合物。
实施例I-b-1
首先将0.137g实施例I-a-1化合物投入9ml无水乙酸乙酯中,并逐滴加入0.08ml三乙胺。回流条件下,逐滴加入于3ml乙酸乙酯中的0.05ml甲氧基乙酰氯,混合物回流搅拌4小时。冷却后,混合物用10ml碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,水相用乙酸乙酯再萃取,有机相合并,用硫酸镁干燥,并采用旋转式蒸发器浓缩。
产量:0.144g,理论值的79.2%,1H-NMR,300MHz,CDCl3:δ=2.13,2.28(2s,Ar CH 3 ),3.32(s,OCH 3 )ppm。
以类似于实施例(I-b-1)的方法,依据制备方法的总的说明,制得以下式(I-b)化合物:
*)1H-NMR,300MHz,CDCl3:δ=ppm.
实施例I-c-1
将0.137g(0.5mmol)实施例I-a-1化合物和于8ml无水二氯甲烷中的0.056g(0.55mmol)三乙胺在室温下搅拌15分钟,然后加入0.08g(0.55mmol)氯代甲酸乙酯。混合物搅拌并用薄层色谱法监控。冷却后,加入5ml碳酸钠溶液,然后分出有机相。将溶剂蒸出,残余物用硅胶柱色谱法(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷,1∶1)纯化。
产量:116.1mg,理论值的44.8%。(1H-NMR,CDCl3,2.43ppm(m,CH2-Aryl),1.11ppm CH3-CH2-aryl,6.86ppm(s宽2H aryl-H)。
以类似于实施例(I-c-1)的方法,依据制备方法的总的说明,制得以下式(I-c)化合物:
*1H-NMR(300MHz,在CDCl3中),位移δ的单位为ppm。
实施例I-d-1
首先将0.076g(0.265mmol)实施例I-a’-5化合物投入10ml二氯甲烷中,并加入0.04ml三乙胺。然后分批加入0.02ml甲基磺酰氯(methylsulfonide chloride),每次加入少许,混合物在室温下搅拌24小时。加入5%浓度的NaHCO3溶液,分出有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取。合并有机相,并用硫酸钠干燥,然后减压蒸发至干,形成的残余物用乙酸乙酯/正庚烷(梯度1/4至2/1)进行色谱纯化。
产量:0.048g(理论值的47%),熔点187~190℃。
实施例I-d-2
以类似于实施例I-d-1的方法,制得熔点为102℃的实施例I-d-2化合物。
可提出的实施例(I-a’)为下述化合物:
*1H-NMR(300MHz,在CDCl3中),位移δ的单位为ppm。
实施例II-1
首先将1.5g 2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基乙酸(7.8mmol)、1.4g 2-乙基肌氨酸乙酯盐酸化物和4.24ml三乙胺投入60ml THF中,并在室温下搅拌10分钟。加入0.44ml磷酰氯,然后混合物回流加热6小时。反应溶液减压浓缩,并用乙酸乙酯吸收,分离除去不溶性残渣。有机相用水洗涤,然后用硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。使用乙酸乙酯/正庚烷(1/4)通过硅胶过滤后,得到的1.68g产物直接进行反应以制备实施例I-a-2化合物。
以类似于实施例(II-1)的方法,依据制备方法的总的说明,制备式(II)的其他中间体,并且这些中间体不需进一步表征鉴定,即可直接用于制备式(I-a)化合物。
2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基乙酸的制备(XVIII-1)
组分K
在18℃下,将2.998g乙酸叔丁基酯加入至30.5mmol新制的二环己基氨基化锂溶液中。加入过程中,温度从18℃升至31℃。5分钟后,在28℃下,加入5g 2-乙基-4,6-二甲基溴苯、135mg双(二亚苄基丙酮)钯与0.047g三叔丁基膦的已脱气的混合物的0.5摩尔甲苯溶液。温度升至54℃,然后将混合物冷却至室温。将混合物倒入30ml盐酸与200ml水的混合物中,并用600ml二氯甲烷萃取两次。分出有机相并用硫酸钠干燥。得到的5.7g粘性油不需进一步纯化而进行下一步反应。
在室温下,将5.7g组分K在100ml甲酸中搅拌2小时。然后将混合物倒入500ml冰水中,并在室温下搅拌30分钟,抽滤出形成的固体。为对其进行干燥,将残余物用二氯甲烷吸收,并将该溶液用硫酸钠干燥。通过这种方法,在浓缩后得到3.67g 2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基乙酸,对应的全部步骤的总产率为81%。熔点128至129℃。
应用实施例
实施例A
出苗后除草作用
将单子叶杂草和双子叶杂草以及作物的种子置入木纤维盆内的砂质壤土中,以泥土覆盖,并在温室中于良好的生长条件下培育。播种2-3周后,处理1叶龄的试验植株。然后将可湿性粉剂(WP)剂型的试验化合物以不同剂量喷洒于植株的绿色部位,其中水施用率为600l/ha(折算后),并添加有0.2%润湿剂。试验植株在温室中于最优生长条件下约3周后,与未处理的对照组比较,目测评价制剂的药效(百分除草药效(%):100%药效=植株死亡,0%药效=与对照组植株相同)。
温室 | 活性组分 (g/ha) | 燕麦 (Avena sativa) | 黑麦草属 (lolium) | 狗尾草属 (Setaria) |
实施例I-c-3 | 320 | 90 | 100 | 90 |
实施例I-b-3 | 320 | 90 | 70 | 80 |
实施例I-a-1 | 320 | 80 | 100 | 90 |
实施例I-a-2 | 320 | 80 | 100 | 90 |
实施例I-c-1 | 320 | 90 | 100 | 100 |
温室 | 活性组分 (g/ha) | 燕麦 | 黑麦草 属 | 狗尾草 属 | 白芥属 (Sinapis) | 繁缕属 (Stellaria) |
实施例I-b-2 | 320 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 70 | 80 |
实施例I-c-2 | 320 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 70 | 70 |
实施例I-a-3 | 320 | 80 | 100 | 90 | 70 | - |
实施例B
出苗后除草作用
将单子叶杂草和双子叶杂草以及作物的种子置入木纤维盆或塑料盆内的砂质壤土中,以泥土覆盖,在温室中于良好的生长条件下培育,在营养植物生长期时放在温室户外。播种2-3周后,处理1至3叶龄的试验植株。将可湿性粉剂(WP)或乳油(EC)剂型的试验化合物以不同剂量喷洒于植株及土壤表面,其中水施用率为300l/ha(折算后),并添加有润湿剂(0.2至0.3%)。试验植株处理3-4周后,与未处理的对照组比较,目测评价制剂的药效(百分除草药效(%):100%药效=植株死亡,0%药效=与对照组植株相同)。
安全剂的用途
如果还需测定安全剂能否改善试验物质对作物的植物相容性,可采用如下选择方案施用安全剂:
-播种前,将作物的种子用安全剂物质拌种(安全剂的量以基于种子重量的百分比表示)
-施用试验物质前,以每公顷一定的施用率对作物喷洒安全剂(通常在施用试验物质前1天)
-将安全剂与试验物质作为罐装混合物一起施用(安全剂的量表示为g/ha,或表示对除草剂的比)
通过比较有无安全剂处理时试验物质对作物的药效,可评价安全剂物质的药效。
温室内谷物容器实验
施用除草剂前1天施用吡咯二酸(mefenpyr)
实施例C
辣根猿叶虫试验(喷洒处理)
溶剂: 78重量份的丙酮
1.5重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:0.5重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备适合的活性化合物制剂,混合1重量份的活性化合物与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂,并将浓液用含有乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。
大白菜(Brassica pekinensis)叶(disc)用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷洒,变干后接入辣根猿叶虫(Phaedon cochleariae)的幼虫。
经过所需时间后,确定百分活性。100%表示杀灭所有猿叶虫幼虫;0%表示无猿叶虫幼虫被杀灭。
本试验中,例如下列制备实施例的化合物表现出良好活性:
表C
危害植物的昆虫
辣根猿叶虫试验(喷洒处理)
活性化合物 | 活性化合物浓度(g/ha) | 5天后杀灭率(%) |
实施例I-b-18 | 500 | 100 |
实施例I-b-10 | 500 | 100 |
实施例D
二点叶螨试验(喷洒处理)
溶剂: 78重量份的丙酮
1.5重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:0.5重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备适合的活性化合物制剂,混合1重量份的活性化合物与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂,并将浓液用含有乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。
将被各阶段二点叶螨(Tetranychus urticae)侵染的菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)叶用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷洒。
经过所需时间后,确定百分活性。100%表示杀灭所有叶螨;0%表示无叶螨灭杀。
本试验中,例如下列制备实施例的化合物表现出良好活性:
表D
危害植物的螨虫
二点叶螨试验(OP-抗性/喷洒处理)
活性化合物 | 活性化合物浓度(g/ha) | 5天后杀灭率(%) |
实施例I-b-18 | 100 | 100 |
实施例I-b-10 | 100 | 90 |
实施例E
临界浓度试验/土壤昆虫-转基因植物处理
试验昆虫:黄瓜条叶甲(Diabrotica balteata)-土壤中幼虫
溶剂: 7重量份的丙酮
乳化剂: 1重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备适合的活性化合物制剂,混合1重量份的活性化合物和所述量的溶剂,加入所述量的乳化剂,并将浓液用水稀释至所需浓度。
将活性化合物制剂倾倒至土壤上。此处,制剂中的活性化合物浓度实际上并不重要,关键只在于每单位体积土壤中活性化合物的重量(表示为ppm(mg/l))。将土壤填入0.25l盆中,20℃时静置。
所述制备过程完毕后,即刻将5株已催芽处理的玉米(maize corn)栽培种YIELD GUARD(美国Monsanto公司商标)置入各盆中。2天后,将合适的试验昆虫置入已处理过的土壤中。再过7天后,通过统计已发芽的玉米植株数确定活性化合物药效(1株植物=20%活性)。
实施例F
烟芽叶蛾试验-转基因植物处理
溶剂: 7重量份的丙酮
乳化剂:1重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备适合的活性化合物制剂,混合1重量份的活性化合物与所述量的溶剂和所述量的乳化剂,并将浓液用水稀释至所需浓度。
将大豆(Glycine max)苗栽培种Roundup Ready(美国Monsanto公司商标)浸入所需浓度的活性化合物制剂中对其进行处理,在叶子仍湿润时接入烟芽叶蛾(Heliothis virescens)。
经过所需时间后,确定昆虫的灭杀情况。
Claims (1)
1.制备2-乙基-4,6-二甲基苯基乙酸的方法,其特征在于如果合适,在碱、膦配体、钯化合物和稀释剂的存在下,使2-乙基-4,6-二甲基溴苯与乙酸叔丁基酯反应,并随后与酸反应。
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2003
- 2003-11-22 DE DE10354628A patent/DE10354628A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2004
- 2004-11-09 WO PCT/EP2004/012646 patent/WO2005048710A1/de active Application Filing
- 2004-11-09 KR KR1020067011957A patent/KR20060097136A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-11-09 CN CN201010141478A patent/CN101823951A/zh active Pending
- 2004-11-09 AU AU2004290516A patent/AU2004290516B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-09 BR BRPI0416207-2A patent/BRPI0416207A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-11-09 EP EP10159199A patent/EP2218330A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-11-09 CA CA002546817A patent/CA2546817A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-11-09 RU RU2006121917/04A patent/RU2386615C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-09 JP JP2006540244A patent/JP2007511557A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2004-11-09 EP EP04797725A patent/EP1686856A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-11-09 CN CNA2004800407845A patent/CN1905793A/zh active Pending
- 2004-11-09 US US10/579,099 patent/US20070225167A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-11-22 AR ARP040104320A patent/AR047251A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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2010
- 2010-03-10 US US12/721,193 patent/US20100240924A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-05-19 AU AU2010202042A patent/AU2010202042A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107597067A (zh) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-01-19 | 孙祎 | 一种印染废水处理剂的制备方法 |
Also Published As
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CA2546817A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
KR20060097136A (ko) | 2006-09-13 |
CN1905793A (zh) | 2007-01-31 |
JP2007511557A (ja) | 2007-05-10 |
US20100240924A1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
AR047251A1 (es) | 2006-01-11 |
BRPI0416207A (pt) | 2006-12-26 |
EP2218330A1 (de) | 2010-08-18 |
AU2004290516A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
EP1686856A1 (de) | 2006-08-09 |
DE10354628A1 (de) | 2005-06-16 |
WO2005048710A1 (de) | 2005-06-02 |
RU2386615C2 (ru) | 2010-04-20 |
US20070225167A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
RU2006121917A (ru) | 2007-12-27 |
AU2004290516B2 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
AU2010202042A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
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