CN101815884A - 功率分流变速器 - Google Patents

功率分流变速器 Download PDF

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CN101815884A
CN101815884A CN200880109869A CN200880109869A CN101815884A CN 101815884 A CN101815884 A CN 101815884A CN 200880109869 A CN200880109869 A CN 200880109869A CN 200880109869 A CN200880109869 A CN 200880109869A CN 101815884 A CN101815884 A CN 101815884A
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clutch
speed changer
power dividing
driving range
axle
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CN101815884B (zh
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于尔根·莱格纳
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
    • F16H47/04—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H2003/0935—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts with multiple countershafts comprising only one idle gear and one gear fixed to the countershaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • F16H2037/0873—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft with switching, e.g. to change ranges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/103—Power split variators with each end of the CVT connected or connectable to a Ravigneaux set
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/107—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide three variator modes or ranges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H39/00—Rotary fluid gearing using pumps and motors of the volumetric type, i.e. passing a predetermined volume of fluid per revolution
    • F16H2039/005—Rotary fluid gearing using pumps and motors of the volumetric type, i.e. passing a predetermined volume of fluid per revolution comprising arrangements or layout to change the capacity of the motor or pump by moving the hydraulic chamber of the motor or pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2005—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/202—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the type of Ravigneaux set
    • F16H2200/2023—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the type of Ravigneaux set using a Ravigneaux set with 4 connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/16—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion essentially with both gears that can be put out of gear and continuously-meshing gears that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/18—Gearings for reversal only

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于诸如轮式装载机这种做功机械的功率分流变速器，具有可无级调整的功率支流和机械的功率支流，这些支流通过累加变速器(13)累加，其中，累加变速器可以通过用于前进行驶的离合器(4)及用于倒退行驶的离合器(8)与传动装置(2)连接，并且所述功率分流变速器具有轴(2、7；32、33)，在所述轴(2、7；32、33)上仅布置有唯一离合器。

Description

功率分流变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按权利要求1前序部分详细限定类型的功率分流变速器。
背景技术
依据类属的功率分流变速器具有可无级调整的功率支流和机械的功率支流，它们在累加变速器内累加。
DE 10 2006 004 223 A1公开了一种具有功率分流变速器，该功率分流变速器具有可无级调整的功率支流和机械的功率支流，它们在累加变速器内累加，其中，累加变速器由具有双行星轮、两个太阳轮和齿圈的行星变速器组成。
在例如像轮式装载机的做功机械上，将发动机设置在传动轴之上，由此，需要如下的变速器，该变速器在变速器的传动装置与变速器的从动装置之间必须具有很大的轴距。此外，在做功机械中，变速器宽度和深度的结构空间极为受限，从而做功机械而言，通常使用大轴距的窄而短的变速器。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种构造紧凑并实现大轴距的功率分流变速器。
该功率分流变速器在从第一行驶范围转换到第二行驶范围时应附加地具有很高的换挡舒适性。
该目的利用一种也具有主权利要求所述特征的这一类功率分流变速器得以实现。
依据本发明，功率分流变速器具有可无级调整的功率支流和机械的功率支流。可无级调整的功率支流可以作为静液压功率支流构成，该静液压功率支流可以具有呈斜盘结构类型或斜轴结构类型的、可无级调整的静液压单元。这些静液压单元能以如下方式联接在一起，即，这些静液压单元可以通过一个共用的轭架(Joch)进行调整。该轭架能以如下方式调整，即，第一位置上第一静液压单元工作容积为零而第二静液压单元具有其最大的工作容积。在轭架的第二终端位置上，第一静液压单元被调整到最大工作容积而第二静液压单元被调整到工作容积为零。
但也存在将无级单元构成为电气单元的可行性。可无级调整的功率支流和机械的功率支流在累加变速器内累加起来，其中，累加变速器作为行星变速器构成并具有至少一个与一个齿圈和两个太阳轮相啮合的双行星轮。功率分流变速器具有如下的轴，离合器布置在该轴上，借助所述离合器一方面可以切换前进行驶方向和倒退行驶方向，以及另一方面可以切换至少两个行驶范围，在所述行驶范围内部可以无级地改变从动装置的转速。轴彼此保持间距地设置并且每个轴上仅设置唯一的离合器，由此产生很大的轴距并且实现另外紧凑构造的变速器。在累加变速器之前通过齿轮连接有用于前进行驶方向的离合器及用于倒退行驶方向的离合器，由此能够在累加变速器之后连接有用于行驶范围的离合器。
用于前进行驶方向的离合器优选与功率分流变速器的传动装置同轴地设置，而用于倒退行驶的离合器与用于前进行驶的离合器保持间距地设置在轴上。齿轮的速比优选以如下方式设计，即，相比于与用于前进行驶的离合器连接的传动轴，与用于倒退行驶的离合器连接的轴具有更高的转速。由此，可以在具有用于倒退行驶的离合器的轴上设置一个或者多个消耗器，例如像液压泵，所述轴即便在变速器的传动装置上转速很低的情况下，仍具有足够高的转速。该液压泵例如可以用于对变速器系统进行液压供给以及用于冷却和润滑。另外的液压泵可以用于对做功液压件进行供给。
累加变速器的支承至少一个双行星轮的行星架可以通过齿轮及用于前进行驶的离合器以及用于倒退行驶的离合器与功率分流变速器的传动装置相连接。累加变速器的第一太阳轮与可无级调整的第一单元连接并且累加变速器的齿圈通过齿轮与可无级调整的第二单元作用连接。为切换出第一行驶范围，可无级调整的第二单元通过用于第一行驶范围的离合器及其他齿轮与功率分流变速器的从动装置相连接。功率分流变速器的齿轮直至累加行星变速器都构成为正齿轮。
为切换出第二行驶范围，用于第一行驶范围的离合器被打开操作并且用于第二行驶范围的离合器被闭合操作，由此，累加行星变速器的第二太阳轮可与功率分流变速器的从动装置发生作用连接。
区域变速器的速比优选以如下方式选择，即，在第一行驶范围结束时，用于第一行驶范围的离合器仍闭合，用于第二行驶范围的离合器没有差速并因此可以同步地闭合。在区域变换期间，用于第一行驶范围的离合器被打开操作并且用于第二行驶范围的离合器被闭合操作，其中，在这种切换期间，可无级调整的单元(例如静液压单元)仅须在其转速上稍微进行修正，这是因为所述修正仅须对由于压力情况变化而产生的泄漏进行补偿。在从第二行驶范围切换回第一行驶范围时，离合器的闭合和打开相应地在不同方向上进行。接着，在第二行驶范围内，可无级调整的第二单元从零工作容积向最大工作容积的方向调整，并且可无级调整的第一单元从最大工作容积向最小工作容积的方向调整。
附图说明
其他特征由附图的说明获悉。
其中：
图1示出具有两个用于前进行驶的行驶范围及两个用于倒退行驶的行驶范围的功率分流变速器；以及
图2示出具有三个用于前进行驶的行驶范围及三个用于倒退行驶的行驶范围的功率分流变速器。
具体实施方式
图1：
发动机1驱动功率分流变速器的传动轴2。传动轴2与构成为固定轮的正齿轮3和用于前进行驶的离合器4抗扭连接。传动轴2上设置有与用于前进行驶的离合器4抗扭连接的空套轮5。正齿轮3与构成为固定轮的正齿轮6相啮合，正齿轮6与轴7抗扭连接。在与正齿轮6抗扭连接的轴7上设置有用于倒退行驶的离合器8。在轴7上设置有与用于倒退行驶的离合器8抗扭连接的空套轮9。消耗器10(例如液压泵)由轴7传动。速比优选以如下方式选择，即，轴7进而还有消耗器10具有高于轴2的转速。空套轮5和空套轮9与空套轮11啮合，空套轮11与累加行星变速器13的行星架12抗扭连接。行星架12支承至少一个双行星轮14，其中，该双行星轮一方面与齿圈15啮合而另一方面与第一太阳轮16及第二太阳轮17啮合。第一太阳轮16与可无级调整的第一单元18连接，该第一单元18例如是静液压单元。齿圈15与空套轮19抗扭连接，空套轮19与构成为固定轮的正齿轮20相啮合。正齿轮20与可无级调整的第二单元21(例如静液压单元)连接。第二太阳轮17与构成为固定轮的正齿轮22抗扭连接。功率分流变速器的从动装置23与构成为固定轮的正齿轮24抗扭连接，正齿轮24一方面可以通过用于第一行驶范围的离合器26的构成为固定轮的正齿轮25及在空套轮27中与正齿轮20连接，或者另一方面可以通过正齿轮25、用于第二行驶范围的离合器29的空套轮28及构成为固定轮的正齿轮30与正齿轮22连接。因此，可以通过闭合用于第一行驶范围的离合器26并打开用于第二行驶范围的离合器29使从动装置23在第一行驶范围内运行并通过打开离合器26和闭合离合器29而使从动装置23在第二行驶范围内运行。速比以如下方式实施，即，在达到第一行驶范围末尾时在离合器26闭合的情况下，空套轮28和正齿轮30同步运转，由此离合器29可以被无差速地闭合操作。根据结构空间的条件，也可以有必要将由空套轮19、正齿轮20和空套轮27组成的齿轮传动链分成两个齿轮副，由此，在轴31上布置有两个呈固定轮形式的正齿轮。由此，可以实现更大的速比。
通过将轴2、轴7、轴31、32和33彼此保持间距地布置并在所述这些轴上仅设置唯一的离合器，可以实现一种构造紧凑并具有很大轴距的功率分流变速器。
图2：
图2与图1的区别仅在于，附加存在第三行驶范围。为此而存在用于第三行驶范围的离合器34，该离合器34将空套轮35与构成为固定轮的正齿轮36连接，以便切换出第三行驶范围，其中，正齿轮36与正齿轮30或者正齿轮22相啮合并且空套轮35与正齿轮25啮合。第一行驶范围通过闭合用于第一行驶范围的离合器26并打开用于第二行驶范围的离合器29和用于第三行驶范围的离合器34来切换，第二行驶范围通过闭合用于第二行驶范围的离合器29并打开离合器26和离合器34来切换，以及第三行驶范围通过闭合离合器34并打开离合器26和29来切换。
附图标记
1发动机
2传动轴
3正齿轮
4用于前进行驶的离合器
5空套轮
6正齿轮
7轴
8用于倒退行驶的离合器
9空套轮
10消耗器
11空套轮
12行星架
13累加行星变速器
14双行星轮
15齿圈
16第一太阳轮
17第二太阳轮
18可无级调整的第一单元
19空套轮
20正齿轮
21可无级调整的第二单元
22正齿轮
23从动装置
24正齿轮
25正齿轮
26用于第一行驶范围的离合器
27空套轮
28空套轮
29用于第二行驶范围的离合器
30正齿轮
31轴
32轴
33轴
34用于第三行驶范围的离合器
35空套轮
36正齿轮
37轴

Claims (11)

1.功率分流变速器，具有可无级调整的支流和机械的支流，其中，这两个支流在累加变速器(13)内累加，其中，将所述累加变速器(13)实施为行星变速器，所述功率分流变速器具有至少两个能够通过离合器(26、29)切换的行驶范围以及用于前进行驶方向的离合器(4)和用于倒退行驶方向的离合器(8)还有轴(32、33)，在所述轴(32、33)上设置有齿轮(27、25、28、30)和离合器(26、29)，其特征在于，在每个轴(2、7；32、33)上仅布置有唯一的离合器(4、8；26、29)，并且所述轴(2、7；32、33)彼此保持间距地布置。
2.按权利要求1所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，所述累加变速器(13)在行星架(12)上具有齿圈(15)和至少一个双行星轮(14)，所述双行星轮(14)与所述齿圈(15)和两个太阳轮(16、17)保持嵌接，其中，所述行星架(12)能够通过所述用于前进行驶的离合器(4)和所述用于倒退行驶的离合器(8)与传动装置(2)连接。
3.按权利要求2所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，太阳轮(17)与可无级调整的第一单元(18)连接，并且所述齿圈(15)与可无级调整的第二单元(21)保持连接。
4.按权利要求1所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，所述用于前进行驶的离合器(4)与所述传动装置(2)同轴地设置。
5.按权利要求1所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，一个或者多个消耗器(10)与所述轴(7)连接，在所述轴(7)上布置有所述用于倒退行驶的离合器(8)。
6.按权利要求2所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，第二太阳轮(18)通过用于第二行驶范围的离合器(29)与从动装置(23)保持作用连接。
7.按权利要求3所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，所述可无级调整的第二单元(21)通过用于第一行驶范围的离合器(26)与从动装置(23)保持作用连接。
8.按权利要求2所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，第二太阳轮(18)通过用于第三行驶范围的离合器(34)与从动装置(23)保持作用连接。
9.按权利要求1所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，以如下方式实施速比，即，在从第一行驶范围切换到第二行驶范围时，用于第二行驶范围的离合器(29)具有同步的转速。
10.按权利要求5所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，与所述传动轴(2)相比，具有所述用于倒退行驶方向的离合器(8)的轴(7)具有更高的转速。
11.按权利要求1所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，所述可无级调整的功率支流具有两个能够通过一个共用轭架进行调整的斜轴式液压单元。
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CN103867686A (zh) * 2012-12-17 2014-06-18 林德液压两合公司 车辆的行驶驱动装置的功率分流变速器
CN105190124A (zh) * 2013-03-19 2015-12-23 Zf腓德烈斯哈芬股份公司 具有次级联接的功率分流的变速器装置
CN105190124B (zh) * 2013-03-19 2018-01-02 Zf腓德烈斯哈芬股份公司 具有次级联接的功率分流的变速器装置
CN108291636A (zh) * 2015-11-25 2018-07-17 Zf 腓德烈斯哈芬股份公司 功率分流变速器以及用于运行功率分流变速器的方法

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