CN101809092A - 用于滑动部件的组合物和涂覆有该组合物的滑动部件 - Google Patents
用于滑动部件的组合物和涂覆有该组合物的滑动部件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101809092A CN101809092A CN200880109266A CN200880109266A CN101809092A CN 101809092 A CN101809092 A CN 101809092A CN 200880109266 A CN200880109266 A CN 200880109266A CN 200880109266 A CN200880109266 A CN 200880109266A CN 101809092 A CN101809092 A CN 101809092A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于滑动部件的组合物,该组合物能够形成这样的润滑膜,其即使在形成的润滑膜受压和滑动时也不会在形成润滑膜中发生较大的破裂,并且防止发生润滑膜大的剥离,并改善了耐磨性。所述用于滑动部件的组合物的特征在于包括基础树脂和金属纳米颗粒,所述金属纳米颗粒比滑动配对材料软,所述软质金属纳米颗粒的含量为5体积%或更低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于滑动部件的组合物。更具体而言,本发明涉及这样一种用于滑动部件的组合物,该组合物施用于所述滑动部件的表面,并且提供具有良好的耐磨性的润滑膜。即,当润滑膜形成在滑动部件的表面上时,即使形成的润滑膜被加压和滑动时,也不会形成润滑膜的较大破裂,并且防止润滑膜发生较大的剥离。
背景技术
用于润滑机械(例如流体机械)的滑动部件(例如斜盘式压缩器)的用于滑动部件的组合物是已知的。这些用于滑动部件的组合物被涂覆在各滑动部分(例如活塞或轴承)的表面上,并且起到润滑膜的作用。因而,这些用于滑动部件的组合物被要求为使得润滑膜在不会由于长期使用而受到磨损的条件下具有低的摩擦系数和优异的耐磨性,并且和配对部件具有良好的相容性。
作为这样的用于滑动部件的组合物,已知有基础树脂中含有固体润滑剂的组合物或基础树脂中含有粒径为微米级别的硬质微细颗粒的组合物。例如,专利文献1公开了包含70至97质量%的固体润滑剂和3至30质量%的基础树脂的用于滑动部件的组合物,其中所述固体润滑剂选自二硫化钼、二硫化钨、氮化硼、石墨和碳纤维。所述基础树脂包含选自聚酰亚胺基树脂、环氧树脂和酚醛树脂中的树脂以及成膜助剂。
此外,专利文献2公开了用于滑动部件的组合物的基础树脂,其选自聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺基树脂和环氧基树脂。另外,所述基础树脂含有固体润滑剂,所述固体润滑剂包括10至40体积%的二硫化钼、10至40体积%的片状石墨或脉石墨、和10至40体积%的聚四氟乙烯。另外,固体润滑剂的总量为30至60体积%,剩余基本上为基础树脂。
进一步地,专利文献2还公开了用于滑动部件的组合物,其包含这样的基础树脂,所述基础树脂含有粒径为0.01至3μm的硬质微细颗粒。所述微细颗粒例如为硫化锌、氧化铝、二氧化硅、碳化硅、氮化硅等。
专利文献1:日本专利未审查的公开No.JP-A-7-247493
专利文献2:日本专利未审查的公开No.JP-A-2005-089514
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题
然而,如图1所示,在上述用于滑动部件的组合物用作润滑膜的情况下,当加压和滑动时在形成的润滑膜中产生较大的破裂,并且有时与添加剂(例如固体润滑剂和硬质颗粒)分离。然后,由这样形成的剥离痕迹引起滑动面的进一步的剥离和磨损。即,剥离痕迹成为进一步剥离的缘由。另外,由于分离的较大的块粘附到配对部件上、然后配对部件的表面变得粗糙,因此可引起二次损坏。因此,促进了滑动表面的磨损。
鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供这样的用于滑动部件的组合物,该组合物提供具有良好的耐磨性的润滑膜。即,即使形成的润滑膜被加压和滑动,也不会形成润滑膜的较大破裂,并且防止润滑膜发生较大的剥离。
解决问题的手段
作为实现上述目的而进行试验的结果,关于用于滑动部件的组合物,本发明发现通过将比配对材料软的纳米金属颗粒引入基础树脂中,可以诱导在纳米颗粒周围产生破裂。从而,即使形成的润滑膜被加压和滑动,也会抑制润滑膜中较大破裂的产生和较大剥离的产生。因此,完成了本发明。
即,为了实现上述目的,根据本发明,提供下列方面。
(1)一种用于滑动部件的组合物,包含:基础树脂;和许多纳米金属颗粒,其中所述纳米金属颗粒比在待被滑动的滑动部件软,且其中所述软质纳米金属颗粒的含量为5体积%或更低。
(2)如(1)所述的用于滑动部件的组合物,其中所述软质纳米金属颗粒为至少一种如下的物质,该物质选自:Cu、Ag、Bi、Al、Sn、Pb、In、Mg、Zn、Au和Sb的单一金属、氧化物和硫化物,所述组中排除Al的氧化物以及Bi、Al、Sn和In的硫化物。
(3)如(1)或(2)所述的用于滑动部件的组合物,其中所述软质纳米金属颗粒的平均粒径为0.1至100nm。
(4)如(1)至(3)中任一项所述的用于滑动部件的组合物,还包含固体润滑剂,其中所述固体润滑剂的含量为20至80体积%。
(5)如(4)所述的用于滑动部件的组合物,其中所述固体润滑剂的含量为20至70体积%。
(6)如(5)所述的用于滑动部件的组合物,其中所述固体润滑剂的含量为20至50体积%。
(7)一种涂覆有(1)至(6)中任一项所述的用于滑动部件的组合物的滑动部件作为基件。
发明的优点
当本发明的用于滑动部件的组合物被施加和涂覆在滑动部件的表面上以形成润滑膜时,本发明提供具有良好的耐磨性的润滑膜。
由于含有软质纳米金属颗粒而在纳米颗粒周围诱导破裂的产生,因此即使形成的润滑膜被加压和滑动,也会抑制润滑膜中较大破裂的产生和较大剥离的产生。如图2所示,在由本发明的用于滑动部件的组合物形成的润滑膜中,即使发生剥离,由于含有软质纳米金属颗粒,剥离也是微小的。因此,抑制较大剥离的产生,使得不会引起较大的块粘附至配对部件的二次损坏。
另外,如图3所示,在由本发明的用于滑动部件的组合物形成的润滑膜中,认为当所含的软质纳米金属颗粒暴露于表面时,软质纳米金属颗粒由于和配对部件的滑动而被压碎。另外,软质纳米金属颗粒被锤薄并转移至配对部件,从而形成薄膜。据推测所述薄膜具有优异的滑动性能,因此更加改善了滑动性能。
附图说明
图1示出由常规的用于滑动部件的组合物形成的润滑膜的剥离和磨损的机理。
图2示出由本发明的用于滑动部件的组合物形成的润滑膜的剥离和磨损的机理。
图3示出软质纳米金属颗粒从由本发明的用于滑动部件的组合物形成的润滑膜转移至配对部件的机理。
图4示出实施例中使用的旋转振动测试仪。
图5为实施例中使用的旋转振动测试仪的正面图,其中斜板的Rr面为正面。
附图的数字和标记说明
1:旋转振动测试仪
2:发动机
3:活塞
4:鞋状物
5:圆筒体
6:斜盘
7:油雾注射喷嘴
具体实施方式
作为本发明的用于滑动部件的组合物中使用的基础树脂,可以任意使用用作用于滑动部件的组合物的基础树脂的各种树脂,然而,可以优选使用具有优异的耐热性的树脂,例如聚酰亚胺树脂(如聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚酰亚胺)、环氧树脂和酚醛树脂。特别优选使用拉伸强度为150MPa或更大、伸长率为40%或更高的树脂。
本发明的用于滑动部件的组合物含有软质纳米金属颗粒。此处,软质金属是指金属比滑动的配对部件软。作为软质纳米金属颗粒,可以使用软质金属(例如Cu、Ag、Bi、Al、Sn、Pb、In、Mg、Sb、Zn和Au)的单一金属、氧化物和硫化物的纳米颗粒,并且排除Al的氧化物以及Bi、Al、Sn和In的硫化物的纳米颗粒。可以仅使用一种软质纳米金属颗粒,也可以联合使用两种或多种。待使用的软质纳米金属颗粒的形状并无限定,可以使用球形、块状和扁平状,然而考虑到滑动性能、特别是配对部件的攻击性,优选球形颗粒。软质纳米金属颗粒的平均粒径优选为0.1至100nm,更优选为0.1至40nm。考虑到润滑膜的抗剥离性和纳米金属颗粒的转移,平均粒径优选为0.1至100nm 。
作为优选使用的软质纳米金属颗粒,示例有CuO、Ag、ZnO、SnO2、Au、In2O3、Bi2O3,上述都由C.I.KASEI CO.,LTD.以“Nano TeckPowder”的名称生产。为了获得这些纳米颗粒,例如示例出下面被称为PVS法的方法。起初,赋予原料热能,使得产生气化的金属原子。随后,气化的金属原子和反应性气体(例如氧气等)接触以获得金属氧化物的分子和分子簇。然后,将金属氧化物瞬时冷却并获得上述纳米颗粒。
本发明用于滑动部件的组合物中软质纳米金属颗粒的含量为大于0体积%并小于等于5体积%、优选小于等于1体积%。当该含量大于5体积%时,纳米金属颗粒团聚,因此存在可能失去纳米金属颗粒所特有的滑动性能的风险。
在本发明的用于滑动部件的组合物中,如果需要,基础树脂中可含有固体润滑剂,其类似于用于滑动部件的常规组合物中使用的那些,例如聚四氟乙烯、二硫化钼、二硫化钨、氮化硼、石墨、碳纤维等。可以仅使用一种固体润滑剂,也可以联合使用两种或多种。固体润滑剂的平均粒径通常优选为0.5至30微米。通过使用固体润滑剂,滑动性能得到改善。当使用固体润滑剂时,固体润滑剂的含量优选为20至80体积%,更优选为20至70体积%,进一步优选为20至50体积%。当该含量大于80体积%时,难以形成润滑膜。当该含量小于20体积%时,滑动性能略有降低。
可通过常规方法来制备本发明的用于滑动部件的组合物。通常,可通过使用混合器(例如Henschel混合器、超级混合器、球磨机、转鼓混合器、珠磨机、捏合器等)将一定量的各种组成成分(例如基础树脂、软质纳米金属颗粒、固体润滑剂(如果需要)等)和有机溶剂混合来制备。此时,作为有机溶剂,可以是可溶解基础树脂的任意溶剂,示例有NMP、二甲苯、醇等。溶剂的种类取决于基础树脂的种类。可根据获得的用于滑动部件的组合物的所需粘度来任意设定有机溶剂的量。
在滑动部件的表面上的由本发明的用于滑动部件的组合物形成的润滑膜同样可根据常规的方法形成。通常,用于滑动部件的组合物通过喷涂法、辊涂法、浸渍法、丝网印刷法、压印法等而涂覆在滑动部件的表面上,然后通过加热使涂层硬化以形成润滑膜。此时,尽管取决于基础树脂的种类,但是涂层加热和硬化的条件可为适于使用的材料的常规加热条件。
可根据需要任选设定在滑动部件的表面上形成的润滑膜的厚度,然而,其通常优选为5至50微米。
本发明的用于滑动部件的组合物可优选广泛地应用于机械(例如流体机械)的滑动部件,特别优选应用于滑动轴承的滑动部件(例如斜板式压缩器、半轴承、衬套和垫圈的斜板)等。
实施例
下面将参照实施例和比较例来对本发明进行详细地描述,但本发明不应限于此。
<实施例1-1、1-2、和比较例1-1至1-4>
下面制备原料,该原料用于制备用于滑动部件的组合物。
[基础树脂]
聚酰亚胺树脂(PI):“HCI-1200M”,由Hitachi Chemical Co.,Ltd.生产。
[固体润滑剂]
聚四氟乙烯(PTFE):由Kitamura Limited生产(平均粒径:3微米)
石墨(Gr):由Nippon Graphite Industries,Ltd.生产(平均粒径:1微米)
[软质纳米金属颗粒]
氧化铜(CuO):“Nano Teck Powder”,由C.I.KASEI CO.,LTD.生产(平均粒径30纳米,球形)
氧化锌(ZnO):“Nano Teck Powder”,由C.I.KASEI CO.,LTD.生产(平均粒径30纳米,多面体)
[常规的用于滑动部件的组合物中使用的硬质微细颗粒]
氧化铝(Al2O3):“Nano Teck Powder”,由C.I.KASEI CO.,LTD.生产(平均粒径30微米,球形)
氧化铝(Al2O3):“Admafine”,由Admatechs CO.,Ltd.生产(平均粒径1微米,球形)
氧化铝(Al2O3):“Al2O3reagent”,由Merck KGaA生产(平均粒径1微米,团状)
下列有机溶剂用于混合上述原料
有机溶剂:NMP
在上述原料中,使用有机溶剂混合54.9体积%的聚酰亚胺树脂、22.5体积%的PTFE、和22.5体积%的石墨以制备基础涂覆剂,然后将下表1中所示的0.1体积%的各种颗粒加入所述基础涂覆剂中,通过使用球磨机来混合,从而获得用于滑动部件的液体组合物。
所获得的用于滑动部件的液体组合物通过辊涂机而涂覆在铁系基件上,然后将膜在300℃下加热1小时并硬化,从而获得厚度为15微米的润滑膜。
测定在形成的润滑膜上的烧付面压(seizure pressure),并在测定后观察滑动表面的外观。试验结果示于下表1中。
<烧付面压试验>
测试仪:3个栓/盘式烧付面压测试仪
转速:4,000r/分
润滑条件:雾润滑
配对轴:SUJ2(鞋型)
负荷条件:预负荷从1MPa至3MPa/15分钟逐渐增加
表1
从表1的结果可见,含有纳米颗粒的样品具有高的烧付面压,并且可以看到含有软质和球形纳米颗粒的样品的滑动表面几乎未受到损坏。
<实施例2-1、2-2、和比较例2-1至2-3>
下面制备用于滑动部件的组合物的原料。
[基础树脂]
聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂(PAI):“HPC-6000”,由Hitachi Chemical Co.,Ltd.生产。
聚酰亚胺树脂(PI):“HCI-1200M”,由Hitachi Chemical Co.,Ltd.生产。
[固体润滑剂]
聚四氟乙烯(PTFE):由Kitamura Limited生产(平均粒径:3微米)
石墨(Gr):由Nippon Graphite Industries,Ltd.生产(平均粒径:1微米)
[软质纳米金属颗粒]
氧化铜(CuO):“Nano Teck Powder”,由C.I.KASEI CO.,LTD.生产(平均粒径30纳米)
[用于滑动部件的常规组合物中使用的硬质微细颗粒]
二氧化钛(TiO2):“Nano Teck Powder”,由C.I.KASEI CO.,LTD.生产(平均粒径30纳米)
下列有机溶剂用于混合上述原料
有机溶剂:NMP
通过使用珠磨机以下表2所示的比例将上述原料混合,从而获得用于滑动部件的液体组合物。
所获得的用于滑动部件的液体组合物通过辊涂法而涂覆在铁系基材上,然后将膜在不超过PTFE的分解温度的条件(300℃或更低)下加热并硬化,从而获得厚度为15微米的润滑膜。
按照下列方式进行形成的各个润滑膜的旋转振动试验和旋转负荷试验。旋转振动试验和旋转负荷试验的结果示于下表2中。
[旋转振动试验]
使用图4中示出的旋转振动测试仪1在下列条件下进行旋转振动试验。在测试仪中,通过旋转倾斜5度安装在发动机轴处的斜板6,活塞3从一侧到另一侧往复运动,其中发动机2侧为正面(Fr面),圆筒体5侧为后面(Rr面)。
测试条件:旋转振动测试仪的旋转速度以1,000r/分从1,000r/分至7,000r/分逐渐增加,然后保持旋转速度为7,000r/分。负荷为215g。测试时间设定为36分钟,包括旋转速度逐渐增加的时间。
润滑条件:将油雾状态下的液体石蜡油以1.1g/分注射到斜板的Fr面上,以0.6g/分注射到Rr面上。
[旋转负荷试验]
测试条件:旋转速度固定为9,500r/分。负荷以1.6MPa/3分从3.8MPa至12.6MPa逐渐增加,然后保持负荷为12.6MPa。测试时间设定为78分钟,包括负荷逐渐增加的时间。
润滑条件:将冷却剂和冷冻机油的混合物以雾状供应。
[两种试验的评价标准]
旋转振动:在7,000r/分的条件下运行36分钟(包括转数逐渐增加的时间)者被评定为具有足够性能者。
旋转负荷:在9,500r/分、12.6MPa的条件下运行78分钟(包括负荷逐渐增加的时间)者被评定为具有足够性能者。
表2
从表2中的结果清楚可见,本发明的用于滑动部件的组合物具有优异的耐磨性。
尽管参照具体实施方案对本发明进行了详细地说明,但对本领域技术人员来说明显的是,可以在不偏离本发明的范围的条件下做出各种改变和修改。本申请基于2007年9月27日提交的日本专利申请(日本专利申请No.2007-252610),其内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
工业实用性
当本发明的用于滑动部件的组合物被施加并涂覆在滑动部件的表面以形成润滑膜时,本发明提供具有良好的耐磨性的润滑膜。即,由于含有软质纳米金属颗粒而在纳米颗粒周围诱导破裂的产生,因此即使形成的润滑膜被加压和滑动,也会抑制润滑膜中较大破裂的产生和较大剥离的产生。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于滑动部件的组合物,包含:
基础树脂;和
纳米金属颗粒,
其中所述纳米金属颗粒比在待在所述滑动部件上滑动的配对部件软,以及
其中所述软质纳米金属颗粒的含量为5体积%或更低。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于滑动部件的组合物,其中所述软质纳米金属颗粒为至少一种选自下组的物质:Cu、Ag、Bi、Al、Sn、Pb、In、Mg、Zn、Au和Sb的单一金属、氧化物和硫化物,所述组中排除Al的氧化物以及Bi、Al、Sn和In的硫化物。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的用于滑动部件的组合物,其中所述软质纳米金属颗粒的平均粒径为0.1至100nm。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用于滑动部件的组合物,还包含固体润滑剂,其中所述固体润滑剂的含量为20至80体积%。
5.如权利要求4所述的用于滑动部件的组合物,其中所述固体润滑剂的含量为20至70体积%。
6.如权利要求5所述的用于滑动部件的组合物,其中所述固体润滑剂的含量为20至50体积%。
7.一种滑动部件,包括涂覆有权利要求1至6中任一项所述的用于滑动部件的组合物的基件。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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JP2007252610 | 2007-09-27 | ||
JP2007-252610 | 2007-09-27 | ||
PCT/JP2008/067551 WO2009041653A1 (ja) | 2007-09-27 | 2008-09-26 | 摺動部材用組成物及び該組成物を被着した摺動部材 |
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CN101809092A true CN101809092A (zh) | 2010-08-18 |
CN101809092B CN101809092B (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
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US (1) | US20100261625A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2194101B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPWO2009041653A1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101290416B1 (zh) |
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- 2008-09-26 JP JP2009534442A patent/JPWO2009041653A1/ja active Pending
- 2008-09-26 KR KR1020107006757A patent/KR101290416B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-09-26 US US12/678,667 patent/US20100261625A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-09-26 CN CN2008801092662A patent/CN101809092B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-09-26 EP EP08833676.3A patent/EP2194101B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-09-26 WO PCT/JP2008/067551 patent/WO2009041653A1/ja active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2194101A4 (en) | 2012-11-21 |
KR20100058609A (ko) | 2010-06-03 |
JPWO2009041653A1 (ja) | 2011-01-27 |
EP2194101B1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
US20100261625A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
EP2194101A1 (en) | 2010-06-09 |
WO2009041653A1 (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
CN101809092B (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
KR101290416B1 (ko) | 2013-07-26 |
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