CN103797256A - 滑动构件和滑动材料组合物 - Google Patents

滑动构件和滑动材料组合物 Download PDF

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CN103797256A
CN103797256A CN201280044676.XA CN201280044676A CN103797256A CN 103797256 A CN103797256 A CN 103797256A CN 201280044676 A CN201280044676 A CN 201280044676A CN 103797256 A CN103797256 A CN 103797256A
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富川贵志
千年俊之
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Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的目的是提供一种适合于硬度低的配合件的滑动构件。本发明涉及一种用于与配合件滑动的滑动构件，所述配合件至少在其表面上具有铁氧体相，所述滑动构件包括含有粘合剂树脂、二硫化钼和硬质物颗粒的被覆层。

Description

滑动构件和滑动材料组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及适合于软质配合件的滑动构件和滑动材料组合物。
背景技术
通常，为了向机械的滑动部提供润滑，将每个滑动构件的表面都涂覆有滑动材料组合物，该滑动材料组合物将要在每个滑动部中用作润滑薄膜。因此，要求这种类型的滑动材料组合物应该是具有低摩擦特性、优异的耐磨损性以便即使在长期使用后也不磨损，并且与配合件良好匹配的润滑薄膜。
作为常规滑动材料组合物，已知的是含有耐磨剂、固体润滑剂和树脂粘合剂的滑动材料组合物（参见专利文献1至3）。
引用文献名单
专利文献
专利文献1：日本专利No.4004631
专利文献2：JP-A-H10-37962
专利文献3：JP-A-2002-53883
发明内容
本发明待解决的问题
在上述现有技术中，与滑动构件相配合的配合件是通过进行诸如激冷处理（chilling treatment）或淬火处理的热处理而获得的具有高硬度特性的配合件，并且常规滑动材料组合物被限于假设配合件是高硬度类型的情况下配置的滑动材料组合物。然而，近年来，为了降低制造成本，已经推进了不经历硬化处理的轴的开发，因此，对适合于具有较低硬度的配合件的滑动构件的需求变大。本发明的目的是提供满足这种需求的滑动构件。
解决问题的手段
本发明涉及下面描述的滑动构件和滑动材料组合物。
[1]一种用于与配合件滑动(sliding with)的滑动构件，所述配合件至少在其表面上具有铁氧体相，该滑动构件包括被覆层，该被覆层包含粘合剂树脂、二硫化钼和硬质物颗粒。
[2]上述[1]的滑动构件，其中，所述硬质物颗粒的平均粒径为所述配合件的滑动表面的表面算术平均粗糙度Ra的0.5至10倍。
[3]上述[1]或[2]的滑动构件，其中，所述硬质物颗粒为块状。
[4]上述[1]至[3]任一项的滑动构件，其中，所述硬质物颗粒的硬度为所述配合件的硬度的2倍以上。
[5]一种滑动材料组合物，其用于与配合件滑动的滑动构件中，所述配合件至少在其表面上具有铁氧体相，该滑动材料组合物包含：粘合剂树脂；二硫化钼；以及硬质物颗粒。
本发明的有利效果
根据本发明，可以提供滑动材料组合物和通过滑动包裹具有铁氧体相的配合件的粗糙化部分，从而显示出优异耐磨损性和抗咬合性的滑动构件。
附图说明
图1是示出了硬质物颗粒的粒径与磨损测试后配合轴的表面粗糙度之间的关系的图。
图2是示出了硬质物颗粒的粒径与磨损测试后样品（轴承）的磨损深度之间的关系的图。
具体实施方式
本发明的滑动材料组合物（在后文中也称为“本发明的组合物”）含有粘合剂树脂、二硫化钼和硬质物颗粒。
粘合剂树脂是指粘合本发明的组合物的材料，其优选地是选自聚酰胺-酰亚胺（PAI）树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、酚树脂、聚缩醛树脂、聚醚醚酮树脂和聚苯硫醚树脂中的至少一种树脂。在这些树脂中，从耐磨损性的观点来看，优选地使用聚酰胺-酰亚胺（PAI）树脂。
本发明的组合物含有硬质物颗粒。在不经历硬化处理例如淬火处理的配合件（也称为“配合构件”）例如锻造轴和铸造轴中存在铁氧体相。具有这种铁氧体相的配合件的硬度低，以维氏硬度计为HV200至300，因此在研磨精整后可能形成毛刺。滑动轴承的表面、即滑动构件的滑动表面比铁氧体相更软，这可能导致被毛刺磨蚀。为了解决这一问题，通过滑动材料组合物中包含的硬质物颗粒来提供削去铁氧体相中形成的毛刺以使配合件表面光滑的作用，其也被称为包裹效应，由此在本发明中提高耐磨损性和抗咬合性。
为了发挥包裹效应，必需根据配合件的表面粗糙度调整硬质物颗粒的粒径。在这里，如果添加相对于表面粗糙度来说粗糙的硬质物，则硬质物不利地攻击配合件。另一方面，如果添加太小的硬质物，则不能获得包裹效应。因此，硬质物颗粒的平均粒径（众数直径（modediameter））优选地可以为配合件的滑动表面的算术平均粗糙度（Ra）的0.5至10倍大，特别优选地2至5倍大。
应该指出，当表面粗糙度由十点平均粗糙度（Rz）指定时，服从下面的关系表达式。
算术平均粗糙度（Ra）=1/2～1/3×十点平均粗糙度（Rz）
此外，硬质物颗粒的形状为块状或球状，并且由于块状的硬质物颗粒比球状的硬质物颗粒的包裹效应更高，因此块状是特别优选的。在这里，块状是指基本上不含90°以下的突起的不规则形状，并且不包括可以通过加工形成的诸如球状和锐角状的形状。应该指出，锐角状的硬质物颗粒可能攻击配合件，因此不是优选的。
对硬质物颗粒的硬度没有限制，只要硬质物颗粒相对于具有铁氧体相的配合件具有足够硬度即可；然而，由于配合件的硬度为HV200至300，因此硬质物颗粒的硬度优选地为HV600以上，其为配合件的硬度的两倍以上，并且特别优选地为HV800以上。应该指出，所述硬度是指维氏硬度（在后文中同样适用）。
对硬质物颗粒的类型没有特别限制。然而，从满足上述硬度的观点来看，可以优选地使用Fe3P（约HV800）、Al2O3（HV1500以上）、SiC（HV2000以上）、AlN（HV1000以上）等。
此外，本发明的组合物中硬质物颗粒的含量优选地为0.1至5体积%，特别优选地为1至4体积%。当含量在上述范围内时，硬质物颗粒具有包裹效应，并且使配合件的劣化降低。
二硫化钼（MoS2）在本发明的组合物中作为固体润滑剂以提供耐磨损性。通过添加固体润滑剂，使硬质物颗粒的包裹变细。特别是由于二硫化钼与其他固体润滑剂相比在油中表现出更加优异的润滑效果，因此特别是可以在油中发挥这种效应。
在本发明的组合物中，二硫化钼的含量为30至70体积%，优选地为35至60体积%。当二硫化钼含量在上述范围内时，可以获得足够的润滑效果。
应该指出，二硫化钼优选地具有5μm以下、特别优选地具有3μm以下的平均粒径。
本发明的组合物可以含有二硫化钼之外的其他固体润滑剂。
所述其他固体润滑剂优选地为选自石墨、聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）、二硫化钨、云母、氮化硼、氟化石墨和富勒烯的至少一种固体润滑剂。从这些固体润滑剂作为二硫化钼的辅助剂在特别是润滑油耗尽时获得润滑效果的观点来看，这些固体润滑剂的含量优选地为5至35体积%。
本发明的组合物还可以包含无机添加剂，并且所述无机添加剂优选地为选自碳酸钙、硫酸钡和磷酸钙的至少一种无机添加剂。此外，从耐磨损性的观点来看，组合物中无机添加剂的含量优选地为5至10体积%。
本发明的滑动材料组合物可用于滑动构件的基底件表面的被覆层。本发明的滑动材料组合物优选地用于滑动表面上被覆，特别是当配合滑动构件至少在其表面上具有铁氧体相时。上述配合件的具体实例包括没有淬火的锻造轴、没有淬火的球形灰铸铁轴和没有氮化的锻造轴。
本发明的滑动构件包括基底件和设置在基底件上的被覆层，并且所述被覆层由上述的本发明的滑动材料组合物形成。
对用于本发明的滑动构件的基底件的材料没有特别限制。然而，优选地从钢、不锈钢、铸铁、铜、铜合金、铝、铝合金、橡胶、塑料和陶瓷中选择材料。此外，对基底件的形状没有特别限制，并且可以是板型或管型。此外，优选地，基底件包括钢背（back steel）例如钢和不锈钢，以及设置在钢背上并含有铝合金、铜合金等的合金层。
作为用于形成被覆层的方法，例如，可以应用将本发明的组合物与粘合剂树脂的溶剂混合，使用已知方法例如气压喷涂在基底件表面上形成混合物的薄膜，然后在粘合剂树脂的烧成温度下烧成所述薄膜的方法。此外，为了强化被覆，在表面被被覆之前可以对基底件表面进行表面粗糙化处理，或者可以在基底件与被覆层之间设置胶粘层。被覆层的厚度优选地为5至30μm。对被覆层的表面粗糙度没有特别限制，但优选地为0.3至3μmRa。
对本发明的滑动构件的润滑条件没有特别限制，可以使用油润滑、脂润滑和无润滑的任何条件。
实施例
对铝制双金属基底件（厚度约1.5mm（铝合金层厚度为0.2mm））进行喷砂处理，然后喷涂表1中示出的组合物以便获得10μm的厚度，并形成被覆层。在通过喷涂形成薄膜后，将基底件在200℃烧成，由此生产样品。使用的材料如下所述。应该指出，除了固体润滑剂和硬质物之外的剩余部分用粘合剂树脂调整，以便每种组合物总共为100体积%。
●粘合剂树脂
聚酰胺-酰亚胺（PAI）树脂：由HITACHI CHEMICAL CO.,LTD.制造
●固体润滑剂
二硫化钼：由SUMICO LUBRICANT CO.,LTD.制造，平均粒径为2μm
石墨：由SUMICO LUBRICANT CO.,LTD.制造，平均粒径为2μm
二硫化钨：由SUMICO LUBRICANT CO.,LTD.制造，平均粒径为2μm
●硬质物颗粒
Al2O3：由FUJIMI INCORPORATED CO.,LTD.制造，全部为块状
SiC：由FUJIMI INCORPORATED CO.,LTD.制造，全部为块状
Fe3P：由FUKUDA METAL FOIL&POWDER CO.,LTD.制造，全部为块状
AlN：由Toyo Aluminium K.K.制造，全部为块状
使用在其滑动表面上具有铁氧体相的铸造轴或锻造轴作为配合件，对实施例和比较例的样品（轴承）进行磨损测试，并测量测试之前和之后配合轴的滑动表面的表面粗糙度，以及测试后样品的滑动表面的磨损深度。结果示出在表1中。此外，对于实施例来说，硬质物颗粒的粒径与测试后配合轴的表面粗糙度之间的关系示出在图1中，硬质物颗粒的粒径与测试后样品（轴承）的磨损深度之间的关系示出在图2中。应该指出，每个配合件均未经历硬化处理例如淬火，并具有HV200至300的硬度。
（磨损测试）
磨损测试使用部分接触测试机，在下列条件下进行：
转数：0rpm（保持1分钟）→1200rpm（保持1分钟）→0rpm（保持1分钟）的周期测试
润滑油：0W-20
润滑温度：100℃
载荷：4.41kN
测试时间：100小时
（表面粗糙度测量）
按照JIS B061（2001）计算算术平均粗糙度（Ra）。
（磨损深度测量）
在测试之前和之后测量样品（轴承）的被覆层厚度，并由这些值计算磨损深度。
[表1]
Figure BDA0000476724280000091
从表1明显看出，所有实施例处于良好的润滑状态。同时，从比较例1和比较例4与实施例2的比较确定，包含硬质物颗粒但不包含二硫化钼使轴承的磨损深度变大。从比较例2与实施例7的比较以及比较例3与实施例12的比较，也证实了相似的趋势。
此外，从比较例5与实施例7的比较以及比较例6与实施例5的比较确定，包含二硫化钼但不包含硬质物颗粒使轴承的磨损深度变大。
此外，从表1以及图1和图2明显看出，如果硬质物颗粒的平均粒径为配合件的滑动表面的表面算术平均粗糙度Ra（测试前的轴粗糙度）的0.5至10倍大，则测试后的轴粗糙度和轴承磨损深度两者可以减小，从而可以发挥包裹效应，这是优选的。
已参考具体实施方式对本发明进行了详细描述。然而，对于本领域技术人员来说，显然可以做出各种改变和修改而不背离本发明的精神和范围。本发明是基于2011年9月13日提交的日本专利申请（P2011-199559），其内容通过参考并入本文。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于与配合件滑动的滑动构件，所述配合件至少在其表面上具有铁氧体相，该滑动构件包括：
被覆层，该被覆层包含粘合剂树脂、二硫化钼和硬质物颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑动构件，
其中，所述硬质物颗粒的平均粒径为所述配合件的滑动表面的表面算术平均粗糙度Ra的0.5至10倍。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滑动构件，
其中，所述硬质物颗粒为块状。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的滑动构件，
其中，所述硬质物颗粒的硬度为所述配合件的硬度的2倍以上。
5.一种滑动材料组合物，该滑动材料组合物用于与配合件滑动的滑动构件中，所述配合件至少在其表面上具有铁氧体相，该滑动材料组合物包含：
粘合剂树脂；
二硫化钼；以及
硬质物颗粒。
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