CN101779551A - Fresh-keeping and preserving method of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed - Google Patents
Fresh-keeping and preserving method of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fresh-keeping and preserving method of sweet potatoes by using a double-film hot bed, which comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting a cellar bed; (2) preparing the cellar bed; (3) sterilizing the cellar bed; (4) soaking seeds in a medicinal liquid; (5) preserving the seeds in the cellar; (6) earthing up the seeds and covering the earth with films; (7) managing the temperature; and (8) taking the seeds out of the cellar. The method has high sprouting rate and fresh preserving rate, ensures sufficient seeds in production, and preserves nutrients and water; after the seeds are sown, sprouting is fast, and a lot of seedlings emerge, which are beneficial to earlier transplanting for field production; the yield is increased, and the planting area is promoted to be extended; the production value is increased after preservation, and the newly-added net income of farmers can be doubled; and the invention can provide more raw materials for processing industry, prolong the processing time, promote the development of the processing industry, push forward the deep development of the processing industry, and create more values for the society.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the farm produce storage method, specifically, relate to a kind of fresh-keeping and preserving method of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed.
Background technology
Sweet potato has the production history in more than 400 year in China.Its output height, purposes is wide, adaptability is strong, is China's important crops, and cultivated area occupies first place in the world.Being one of one of China's western region staple food crop, particularly Sichuan, Chongqing four generalized grain crops, is Sichuan, Chongqing grain, feed, economic Trinitarian crop.Its wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, anti-lean drought-enduring, alkaline-resisting, except that severe cold areas, hills, mountain area, Pingba all have plantation.In recent years, along with the continuous development of China's agricultural production, the variation of people's food composition, the rise of food and feed processing industry, variation has taken place in the status of sweet potato in grain, suddenly becomes the raw material of industry and good forage crop by original coarse food grain.In addition, sweet potato is rich in multiple nutritional components, is commonly called as " Talinum crassifolium ", and one jin of sweet potato calorific value is 343 kilocalories, contains protein 8.4 grams, fat 3.1 grams, carbohydrate 70 grams.The effect that also has body-building and diseases prevention has prevention and therapeutic action as various vitamins and the edible back of amino acid to some disease of human body, and have even the generation energy prophylaxis of cancer becomes a kind of important traditional Chinese medicine.Along with science and technology development, the comprehensive development and utilization work of sweet potato will further be goed deep into, and fully show the effect of " sweet potato all is precious from head to foot ".Industrial having many uses too can be made 2,000 multiple products after the fine finishining, and value is doubled and redoubled.Sweet potato progressively develops into economic crops of many uses, high-yield and high-efficiency.Sweet potato is grain and feed, is again the raw material of value added by manufacture.All be not well solved on the fresh-keeping question history of the safe storage of sweet potato always, " winter one cellar for storing things sweet potato; the beginning of spring one beach mud " phenomenon happen occasionally in the rural area, according to statistics mashed kind of the rate of sweet potato potato seed generally between 30-55%, the highest 80% plantation enthusiasm that has influenced the peasant that reaches.
Summary of the invention
For solving above technical problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cost low, hollow rate is low, and nutrient loss is low, goes out the high fresh-keeping and preserving method of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed of germination rate behind the sweet potato.
Concrete steps of the invention process:
1) select the cellar for storing things bed: selects leeward on the sunny side, draining is good, the gradient is 10～30 hillside fields of spending, soil property is brown purple earth, is clay or yellow soil; Brown purple earth also is the purple earth of rufous.
(2) preparation of cellar for storing things bed: dig and establish width 1.0～1.3m, length is not more than 15m, dig again around the Jiao Chi and establish gutter, gutter communicates all around and pass-out cellar for storing things bed is outer discharges water, leave the ridge of spacing 10cm between gutter and the cellar for storing things bed, fine in bed, take the dark cellar for storing things bed table soil of 15cm and stack 10～15cm height on of the ridge around being put in, ridge is steady and sure, make the degree of depth of last Jiao Chi reach 15～20cm, unnecessary soil digs the insulation soil that the soil of establishing gutter is selected a concentration point stacking conduct lid sweet potato with staying, should be incubated native airing and cover standbyly after one day with plastic film, cellar for storing things bed shines and turns white to showing soil simultaneously;
(3) cellar for storing things bed sterilization: the insulation soil to cellar for storing things bed and bedding sweet potato sprays thiophanate methyl or carbendazim thimerosal;
(4) medicament seed soaking: annual November early and middle ten days, select anosis worm, N/D, immaculate sweet potato utilizes thiophanate methyl or carbendazim medicining liquid dipping 1 minute, after the filtration sweet potato pendulum is shone 6～10h and dry to the moisture content on surface on native face;
(5) store sth. in a cellar: the sweet potato of choosing is chosen the cellar for storing things bedside in fine afternoon and gently sweet potato is being stored in the bed sweet potato pile thickness: 15～20cm by 2～3 layers of pile;
(6) earthing epiphragma: the sweet potato in the cellar for storing things bed stack good after, in the gap of stacking sweet potato, insert thermometer, step (2) is dug establishes the standby soil of gutter to cover 6～10cm on the bed sweet potato of cellar for storing things thick, one deck then tiles plastic film on the native face that covers;
(7) management of temperature: checked once every 5～10 days, maintain the temperature at 10～14 ℃; Being lower than the just easily mashed sweet potato of 10 ℃ of overlong time must be incubated by blooming; Be higher than the just easy germination of 14 ℃ of overlong time and must connect the film cooling.
(8) go out the cellar for storing things:, be chosen in the March early and middle ten days and go out to store according to work as ground temperature.The zone that height above sea level is 220～500 meters, early March; The zone that height above sea level is 500～700 meters, selects fine day to go out the cellar for storing things at mid-March.
Gutter is wide 30cm * dark 30cm in the above-mentioned steps (1), interval 10cm between gutter and the cellar for storing things bed; The described cellar for storing things bed degree of depth 15～20cm.
The cellar for storing things bed digs and is located at soil property and is preferably purple white bind (red stone frame soil), the slope of gradient 10-30 degree in the above-mentioned steps (1).
Temperature is lower than 10 ℃ in the bed of above-mentioned cellar for storing things, curves the high arch lid layer film of 0.4～0.5m with bamboo chip again in step (6) plastic film top, and is tight with soil pressure all around.
After sweet potato in the above-mentioned steps (5) in the bed of cellar for storing things is stacked well, each cellar for storing things bed 1～2 no end of oblique cutting thick bamboo tube in the gap of stacking sweet potato, thermometer is put into thick bamboo tube, and native face is exposed in the upper end of thermometer.Thick bamboo tube is slightly big than thermometer, and thick bamboo tube size, length can be put a thermometer just.Native face is exposed in the upper end of thermometer, is convenient to convenient to remove.
Thiophanate methyl thimerosal in above-mentioned steps (3) and (4), thiophanate methyl wetting powder by 70% and water are formulated by weight 1: 800; The carbendazim thimerosal, carbendazol wettable powder by 50% and water are formulated by weight 1: 500.
The inventive result source
1, sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed fresh-retaining preserving and historical preservative derive from the sample investigation of 2007-2008 to peasant household's test.
Technological development of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed fresh-retaining preserving and application test be table one as a result
| Name | Store sth. in a cellar quantity (jin) | Go out sweet potato quantity (jin) | Go out sweet potato rate (%) | Remarks |
| Li Kangbai | ??600 | ??594 | ??99.0 | |
| Li Caibai | ??460 | ??456.8 | ??99.3 | |
| The literary composition all the other | ??450 | ??448.2 | ??99.6 | |
| Li Zengbai | ??480 | ??478.6 | ??99.7 | |
| Li Chuanbai | ??700 | ??698 | ??99.7 | |
| Li Ziming | ??450 | ??445.5 | ??99.0 | |
| Liu Desheng | ??500 | ??496 | ??99.2 | |
| Li Jianbai | ??430 | ??427.9 | ??99.5 | |
| Yin Shengliang | ??800 | ??792.8 | ??99.1 | |
| Add up to | ??4870 | ??4837.8 | ??99.3 | On average |
Grand sight town agricultural service center
On March 14th, 2007
The engineering test of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed fresh-retaining preserving is table two as a result
The unit of filling in a form: grand sight town agricultural service center filling date: on March 14th, 2007
Technological development of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed fresh-retaining preserving and application test be table three as a result
This table is to the sample investigation result at 5 group of 7 family, Xin Lu village experimental field.
Test participant: Li Houming, Liu Zuquan, Hu Xiao, high Tianshan Mountains, Xu Longbo, Jiang Youping,
Duan Yunfeng
Grand sight town agricultural service center
On March 18th, 2008
The comparison of preservative of the present invention and historical preservative
1. the big room of high temperature cellar for storing things storage sweet potato on average goes out sweet potato rate 85%, 1 ton of average every storage needs about 300 yuan of costs (the Da Wujiao stand is counted as these 123 yuan, burns 57 yuan in coal comprising building, 38 yuan of equipment, 57 yuan of labor wage in the cellar for storing things), go out the cellar for storing things and go into cellar for storing things transportation midway and need 4 of labours, amount to and be worth 160 yuan, add loss per ton=1000 kilogram * (99.07%-85%) * 1.088 yuan/kilogram=153.1 yuan again, amount to=300 yuan+160 yuan+153.1 yuan=613.1 yuan.
2. low temperature storage adds the storage practice of chemicals treatment, on average go out sweet potato rate 53.4%, average every storage needs 81.5 yuan of costs (data see Table three) for 1 ton, need 2 of labours, amount to and be worth 80 yuan, add 1000 kilograms * 1.088 yuan/kilogram of losses per ton * (99.07%-53.4%)=506.4 yuan again, amount to=81.5 yuan+80 yuan+506.4 yuan=667.9 yuan.
3. sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed fresh-retaining preserving technology goes out sweet potato rate height, cost is low, and 79 yuan per ton of stowage (artificial 60 yuan, 12 yuan of films, 2 yuan in thermometer, 5 yuan in disinfectant) on average goes out the sweet potato rate and reaches 99.07%, and hollow rate is zero substantially, fresh-keeping rate 100%.
4. 1 ton of average every storage on year-on-year basis, the big room of high temperature cellar for storing things storage increasing benefit 613.1-79=534.1 unit, low temperature storage adds that the storage practice of chemicals treatment increases benefit 667.9-79=588.9 unit.
Scientific basis of the present invention
Utilize the characteristics storage of underground constant temperature, it is fresh-keeping to utilize water content more stable in the soil, and adds a cover the auxiliary insulation of double-plastic again.
Economic and social benefits of the present invention
The sweet potato of the inventive method goes out the sweet potato rate and fresh-keeping rate is all high, guaranteed to produce enough with kind, kept nutrient and moisture, it is fast to germinate after carrying a coffin to the burial place kind, it is many to emerge, and helps the land for growing field crops and produces early and transplant, and improves output, impels the expansion cultivated area, increases output; Increased the output value by after preserving, the newly-increased net income of peasant household can be doubled and redoubled; For processing industry provides more materials, can prolong process time, promote the processing industry development, and promote processing industry and develop in depth, be that society creates more value; The aquaculture aspect: can provide more raw materials for aquaculture, can enlarge the breed scale, increase the breed amount, directly be peasant's extra earning; Can solve the more surplus rural labor force problem of employment.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) select the cellar for storing things bed: selects leeward on the sunny side, draining is good, the gradient is 10 hillside fields of spending, soil property is a clay;
(2) preparation of cellar for storing things bed: dig and establish width 1.0m, length is not more than 15m, dig again around the Jiao Chi and establish gutter, gutter communicates all around and pass-out cellar for storing things bed is outer discharges water, leave the ridge of spacing 10cm between gutter and the cellar for storing things bed, fine in bed, take the dark cellar for storing things bed table soil of 15cm and stack the 10cm height on of the ridge around being put in, ridge is steady and sure, make the degree of depth of last Jiao Chi reach 15cm, unnecessary soil digs the insulation soil that the soil of establishing gutter is selected a concentration point stacking conduct lid sweet potato with staying, should be incubated native airing and cover standbyly after one day with plastic film, cellar for storing things bed shines and turns white to showing soil simultaneously;
(3) store sth. in a cellar: the sweet potato of choosing is chosen the cellar for storing things bedside in fine afternoon and gently sweet potato is being stored in the bed sweet potato pile thickness: 15cm by 2 layers of pile;
(4) earthing epiphragma: the sweet potato in the cellar for storing things bed stack good after, in the gap of stacking sweet potato, insert thermometer, step (2) is dug establishes the standby soil of gutter to cover on the sweet potato 2cm thick, one deck then tiles plastic film on the native face that covers;
(5) management of temperature: keep natural temperature in the bed;
(6) go out the cellar for storing things:, be chosen in early March and go out the cellar for storing things according to working as ground temperature.
Embodiment 2
(1) select the cellar for storing things bed: selects leeward on the sunny side, draining is good, the gradient is 30 hillside fields of spending, soil property is brown purple earth;
(2) preparation of cellar for storing things bed and thimerosal: dig and establish width 1.33m, length is not more than 15m, dig again around the Jiao Chi and establish gutter, gutter is wide 30cm * dark 30cm, gutter communicates all around and pass-out cellar for storing things bed is outer discharges water, leave the ridge of spacing 10cm between gutter and the cellar for storing things bed, fine in bed, take the dark cellar for storing things bed table soil of 15cm and stack the 15cm height on of the ridge around being put in, ridge is steady and sure, make the degree of depth of last Jiao Chi reach 20cm, unnecessary soil and staying digs the soil of establishing gutter and selects a concentration point to stack insulation soil as the lid sweet potato, should be incubated native airing and cover standbyly after one day with plastic film, and a cellar for storing things solarization is simultaneously turned white to showing soil; Prepare 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder and water thiophanate methyl thimerosal simultaneously, use in step (3) and (4) by weight preparation in 1: 800;
(3) cellar for storing things bed sterilization: the insulation soil to cellar for storing things bed and bedding sweet potato sprays the thiophanate methyl thimerosal;
(4) medicament seed soaking: annual November early and middle ten days, select anosis worm, N/D, immaculate sweet potato utilized the thiophanate methyl medicining liquid dipping 1 minute, after the filtration sweet potato pendulum is shone 10h and dry to the moisture content on surface on native face;
(5) store sth. in a cellar: the sweet potato of choosing is chosen the cellar for storing things bedside in fine afternoon and gently sweet potato is being stored in the bed sweet potato pile thickness: 2cm by 3 layers of pile;
(6) earthing epiphragma: after the sweet potato in the bed of cellar for storing things is stacked well, 1 no end of oblique cutting thick bamboo tube in the gap of stacking sweet potato, thermometer is put into thick bamboo tube, and native face is exposed in the upper end of thermometer.Step (2) dug establish the standby soil of gutter to cover on the sweet potato 10cm thick, the one deck that then plastic film tiled on the native face that covers, the plastic film top curves the high arch lid layer film of 0.4m with bamboo chip again, and is tight with soil pressure all around;
(7) management of temperature: checked once every 10 days, maintain the temperature at 14 ℃;
(8) go out the cellar for storing things:, be chosen in early March and go out the cellar for storing things according to working as ground temperature.
Embodiment 3
(1) select the cellar for storing things bed: selects leeward on the sunny side, draining is good, the gradient is 20 hillside fields of spending, soil property is a yellow soil;
(2) preparation of cellar for storing things bed: dig and establish width 1.2m, length is not more than 15m, dig again around the Jiao Chi and establish gutter, gutter is wide 30cm * dark 20cm, gutter communicates all around and pass-out cellar for storing things bed is outer discharges water, leave the ridge of spacing 10cm between gutter and the cellar for storing things bed, fine in bed, take the dark cellar for storing things bed table soil of 15cm and stack the 12cm height on of the ridge around being put in, ridge is steady and sure, make the degree of depth of last Jiao Chi reach 18cm, unnecessary soil and staying digs the soil of establishing gutter and selects a concentration point to stack insulation soil as the lid sweet potato, should be incubated native airing and cover standbyly after one day with plastic film, and a cellar for storing things solarization is simultaneously turned white to showing soil;
Prepare 50% carbendazol wettable powder and water carbendazim thimerosal simultaneously, use in step (3) and (4) by weight preparation in 1: 500;
(3) cellar for storing things bed sterilization: the insulation soil to cellar for storing things bed and bedding sweet potato sprays the carbendazim thimerosal;
(4) medicament is soaked seed: select anosis worm annual mid-November, and N/D, immaculate sweet potato utilized the carbendazim medicining liquid dipping 1 minute, after the filtration sweet potato pendulum was shone the extremely surperficial moisture content of 8h on native face and dried, and put into the cellar for storing things bed;
(5) store sth. in a cellar: the sweet potato of choosing is chosen the cellar for storing things bedside in fine afternoon and gently sweet potato is being stored in the bed sweet potato pile thickness: 2cm by 3 layers of pile;
(6) earthing epiphragma: after the sweet potato in the bed of cellar for storing things is stacked well, 2 no ends of oblique cutting thick bamboo tube in the gap of stacking sweet potato, thermometer is put into thick bamboo tube, and native face is exposed in the upper end of thermometer.Step (2) dug establish the standby soil of gutter to cover on the sweet potato 8cm thick, the one deck that then plastic film tiled on the native face that covers, the plastic film top curves the high arch lid layer film of 0.5m with bamboo chip again, and is tight with soil pressure all around;
(7) management of temperature: checked once every 8 days, maintain the temperature at 12 ℃;
(8) go out the cellar for storing things:, be chosen in the March early and middle ten days and go out to store according to work as ground temperature.
Claims (7)
1. fresh-keeping and preserving method of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed may further comprise the steps:
(1) select the cellar for storing things bed: selects leeward on the sunny side, draining is good, the gradient is 10～30 hillside fields of spending, soil property is brown purple earth, is clay or yellow soil;
(2) preparation of cellar for storing things bed: dig and establish width 1.0～1.33m, length is not more than 10m, dig again around the Jiao Chi and establish wide 20cm, dark 20cm gutter, gutter communicates all around and pass-out cellar for storing things bed is outer discharges water, leave the ridge of spacing 10cm between gutter and the cellar for storing things bed, fine in bed, take the dark cellar for storing things bed table soil of 15cm and stack 10～15cm height on of the ridge around being put in, ridge is treaded, make the degree of depth of last Jiao Chi reach 15～20cm, unnecessary soil digs the insulation soil that the soil of establishing gutter is selected a concentration point stacking conduct lid sweet potato with staying, should be incubated native airing and cover standbyly after one day with plastic film, cellar for storing things bed shines and turns white to showing soil simultaneously;
(3) store sth. in a cellar: the sweet potato of choosing is chosen the cellar for storing things bedside in fine afternoon and gently sweet potato is being stored in the bed sweet potato pile thickness: 15～20cm by 2～3 layers of pile;
(4) earthing epiphragma: the sweet potato in the cellar for storing things bed stack good after, in the gap of stacking sweet potato, insert thermometer, step (2) is dug establishes the standby soil of gutter to cover 2cm on the bed sweet potato of cellar for storing things thick, one deck then tiles plastic film on the native face that covers;
(5) management of temperature: checked once every 5～10 days, maintain the temperature at 10～14 ℃; Being lower than the just easily mashed sweet potato of 10 ℃ of overlong time must be incubated by blooming; Be higher than the just easy germination of 14 ℃ of overlong time and must connect the film cooling;
(6) go out the cellar for storing things:, be chosen in the March early and middle ten days and go out to store according to work as ground temperature; The zone that height above sea level is 220～500 meters, early March; The zone that height above sea level is 500～700 meters, selects fine day to go out the cellar for storing things at mid-March.
2. according to the described fresh-keeping and preserving method of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed of claim 1, it is characterized in that: store bed sterilization and medicament seed soaking between described step (2) and the step (3):
Cellar for storing things bed sterilization: the insulation soil to cellar for storing things bed and bedding sweet potato sprays thiophanate methyl or carbendazim thimerosal;
Medicament seed soaking: annual November early and middle ten days, select anosis worm, N/D, immaculate sweet potato utilizes thiophanate methyl or carbendazim medicining liquid dipping 1 minute, after the filtration sweet potato pendulum is shone 6～10h and dry to the moisture content on surface on native face; The sweet potato of choosing is chosen the cellar for storing things bedside in fine afternoon and gently sweet potato is being stored in the bed sweet potato pile thickness: 15cm by 2 layers of pile.
3. according to the described fresh-keeping and preserving method of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed of claim 2, it is characterized in that: thiophanate methyl thimerosal in described step (3) and (4), thiophanate methyl wetting powder by 70% and water are formulated by weight 1: 800; The carbendazim thimerosal, carbendazol wettable powder by 50% and water are formulated by weight 1: 500.
4. according to the described fresh-keeping and preserving method of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed of claim 1, it is characterized in that: gutter is wide 30cm * dark 30cm in the described step (1), interval 10cm between gutter and the cellar for storing things bed.
5. according to the described fresh-keeping and preserving method of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the middle cellar for storing things of described step (1) bed digs and is located at soil property is the purple white bind.
6. according to the described fresh-keeping and preserving method of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed of claim 1, it is characterized in that: temperature is lower than 10 ℃ in the bed of described cellar for storing things, curve the high arch of 0.4～0.5m with bamboo chip again in step (6) plastic film top, the lid layer film is tight with soil pressure all around again.
7. according to the described fresh-keeping and preserving method of sweet potatoes by using double-film hot bed of claim 1, it is characterized in that: after the sweet potato in the described step (6) in the bed of cellar for storing things is stacked well, each cellar for storing things bed～1～2 no end of oblique cutting thick bamboo tube in the gap of stacking sweet potato, thermometer is put into thick bamboo tube, and native face is exposed in the upper end of thermometer.
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| CN102714987A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-10-10 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Cassava seed stalk wintering storage method applicable to high-latitude areas |
| CN102792826A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-11-28 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Outdoor storage method of radix scrophulariae for planting |
| CN102792826B (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2016-08-03 | 重庆市中药研究院 | A kind of Radix Scrophulariae kind plants outdoor storage practice |
| CN103109921A (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2013-05-22 | 陕西师范大学 | Preservation method of ipomoea batatas |
| CN103109921B (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-04-16 | 陕西师范大学 | Preservation method of sweet potato |
| CN103918460B (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2015-11-18 | 安庆市金大地生态农业发展有限公司 | Autumn prolongs the method that capsicum survives the winter at field preserving active |
| CN103918460A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-16 | 安庆市金大地生态农业发展有限公司 | Field living body fresh-keeping overwintering method of autumn-seeded hot peppers |
| CN104221624A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-12-24 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Overwintering conservation method for organic sweet potatoes |
| CN104584800A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-06 | 安徽科技学院 | Pumpkin overwintering storage method |
| CN104996104A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-28 | 山东省慧福康富硒生物科技有限公司 | Single-clove garlic seed-bulb storage method |
| CN104996104B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-06-13 | 山东省慧福康富硒生物科技有限公司 | A kind of storage method of only garlic variety |
| CN106804228A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-09 | 桂林浩新科技服务有限公司 | A kind of konjaku survive the winter heatable adobe sleeping platform preserve conservation method |
| CN110024573A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-07-19 | 新疆农业科学院综合试验场 | Rhizome agricultural products postharvest storage physical fresh-keeping method |
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