CN103918460A - Field living body fresh-keeping overwintering method of autumn-seeded hot peppers - Google Patents
Field living body fresh-keeping overwintering method of autumn-seeded hot peppers Download PDFInfo
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- CN103918460A CN103918460A CN201410172591.0A CN201410172591A CN103918460A CN 103918460 A CN103918460 A CN 103918460A CN 201410172591 A CN201410172591 A CN 201410172591A CN 103918460 A CN103918460 A CN 103918460A
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Abstract
The invention provides a field living body fresh-keeping overwintering method of autumn-seeded hot peppers. By the adoption of the method, the percentage of fertile fruits of the hot peppers which are in field living body fresh-keeping can be improved, and economic benefits are remarkable. The method comprises the steps of strong seedling cultivation, sowing, field planting, field management, field freshness preservation and the like. The sowing step is chosen to be executed ten days before or after July 20th. At the stage of field management, a sunshade net is covered at a high temperature (above 35 DEG C), so that ventilation is enhanced, and a middle shed is additionally covered at a low temperature (below 17 DEG C). At the stage of field management, irrigation and topdressing are carried out in the mode of drip irrigation under a plastic film. At the stage of field freshness preservation, a small shed and a heat preservation quilt or a straw mat are additionally covered on a furrow face, so that a 'three-film, one-mulch and one-layer' covering mode is adopted (three films refer to the greenhouse film, the middle shed film and the small shed film; one mulch refers to the mulching film, and one layer refers to the heat preservation quilt or the straw mat). At the stage of field freshness preservation, bell peppers and pairwise peppers should be picked in time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop cultivation methods, being specifically related to a kind of autumn prolongs the method that capsicum survives the winter at field preserving active.
Background technology
Capsicum is indispensable vegetables on winter-spring season dining table.Winter-spring season red pepper not only has good mouthfeel, and increases dining table pattern, the huge market demand.Winter-spring season hot red pepper market, yangtse-huaihe region mainly takes " cold storing and fresh-keeping " and " south vegetable north transportation " approach to alleviate imbalance between supply and demand, has not only increased the cost of storage, has also strengthened transport pressure.It is larger that the yangtse-huaihe region booth autumn prolongs capsicum production scale, but because of autumn and winter weather cool and facility insulation level not high, the overwhelming majority can only be extended down to November the autumn with the green capsicum of gathering commercially available (a selection part with good conditionsi refrigeration), and field cultivation is difficult to extend to New Year's Day, Spring Festival listing; Although small part can extend, fruit drop rate is higher, low in economic efficiency.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of autumn to prolong the method that capsicum survives the winter at field preserving active, can improve capsicum in field preserving active percentage of fertile fruit, remarkable in economical benefits.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the autumn of the present invention prolongs the method that capsicum survives the winter at field preserving active, comprises the following steps:
A, cultivate strong sprout: before sowing, first by seed under appropriate sunlight according to shining 6-8 h, during interval 0.5-1h stir; Then 55 ℃ of warm water scald kind of 30-40 min, and 1% medical liquor potassic permanganate, 15 min that soak seed, clean after 3-4 time, put into 32-35 ℃ of incubator vernalization, during clear water flushing every day 1-2 time;
B, sowing: after more than 80% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, put into cave dish program request; First put into the canopy chamber that covers 1-2 floor sunshade net and emerge, take off net sooner or later, noon is cover net or spray cooling during high temperature; Take during this time preventing disease and pest measure, spray 1% chlormequat solution;
C, field planting: seedling age 28-35 days, height of seedling 15cm, field planting during band 6-7 sheet true leaf;
D, field management: it is base fertilizer that farmyard manure is used in field planting plot, regularly irrigate, topdress, during take preventing disease and pest measure, strain sprayed 1-2% sucrose solution 1 time before the phase; After field planting 40-50 days, no longer topdress, spray the special-purpose setting agent of a spray spirit capsicum or by drip irrigation, be affixed by the calper calcium peroxide solution of 3-5%; Fruiting period sprays 2-3% sucrose solution 1 time; Described sucrose solution sprays before being chosen at 9 in the morning;
E, fresh-keeping in field: when plant enters preserving active, extract disease leaf, sick branch and growing point, every strain retains 15-20 fruit; The potassium sulfate solution of foliage-spray 8-10% mixes 0.1% ethephon agent promotion annesl, strengthens illumination simultaneously, keeps temperature at night.
Preferably, described sowing step is chosen in before and after July 20 10 days.
Preferably, in the described field management stage, during high temperature, (over 35 ℃) covered with sunshade net, adds forced ventilation; During low temperature, (lower than 17 ℃) add a cover middle canopy.
Preferably, in the described field management stage, irrigate, topdress and take under-film drip irrigation mode to carry out.
Preferably, described in field freshness date, furrow face is added a cover little shed and thermal insulation quilt or straw screen or mat, forms " three film one ground one decks " replace mode (three films refer to horticultural covering film, middle canopy film, little shed film, and a ground refers to mulch film, and one deck refers to thermal insulation quilt or straw screen or mat).
Preferably, described in field freshness date, should pluck in time a green pepper, to green pepper.
Described kind is selected from ' new Anhui green pepper No. 1 ', ' Kaifeng green pepper No. 1 ', ' Xu green pepper No. 2 ' or ' Soviet Union green pepper 14 '.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, having realized the autumn prolongs the capsicum production of surviving the winter, can be at field preserving active to March in next year;
2, significantly improving the autumn prolongs the percentage of fertile fruit of capsicum and turns red speed;
3, economic benefit obviously improves, and is 2-3 times of common capsicum productivity effect.
Embodiment
Embodiment mono-
1, kind is selected: for the yangtse-huaihe region low temperature autumn and winter climatic characteristic at few sunshine, prolong that capsicum should be selected in special tolerance to low temperature and weak light, high-yield disease resisting, result set in the kind of field preserving active, pulp is thinner, aesthetic in appearance, fruit commodity rate is high the booth autumn, and Chinese olive bottle green, the kind of aging fruit scarlet, as ' new Anhui green pepper No. 1 ', ' Kaifeng green pepper No. 1 ', ' Xu green pepper No. 2 ', ' Soviet Union green pepper 14 ' etc.;
In the present embodiment, select ' new Anhui green pepper No. 1 ' to cultivate;
2, begin sowing in good time: it is that product extends to and goes on the market on New Year's Day, the Spring Festival to March in field preserving active cultivation main purpose that the autumn prolongs capsicum, yangtse-huaihe region is sowed before and after being typically chosen in July 20, if sowing too early, heat, young plant Yi Tuchang and damage by disease and insect are many, sow evening, when " octahedral wind " above capsicum is being expanded, may run into low-temperature epitaxy slow, affected output;
3, cultivate strong sprout: before sowing, first seed is shone and shines 6-8 h under appropriate sunlight, often stir; 55 ℃ of warm water scald kind of 30-40 min, and 1% medical liquor potassic permanganate, 15 min that soak seed, clean after 3-4 time, put into 32-35 ℃ of incubator vernalization, and every day, clear water flushing was 1-2 time; After showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, puts in more than 80% seed cave dish program request.Put into the canopy chamber that covers 1-2 floor sunshade net and emerge, take off net sooner or later, noon is cover net or spray cooling during high temperature.Regularly spray the diseases prevention worms such as agricultural streptomycin, ZhiBingLing(SIC), Imidacloprid, spray 1% the anti-rice shoot excessive growth of chlormequat solution.The general 28-35 days of seedling age, height of seedling 15cm, field planting during band 6-7 sheet true leaf;
4, field management: the farmyard manures such as the multiplex chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed in field planting plot, pig manure, regularly impose urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate etc. and topdress, strain is before the phase, in the time of diseases prevention laxative, the sucrose solution of interpolation 1-2% 1 time, in order to young plant growth, raising drug effect, promotion plants stems pole stock materialization; Autumn prolongs capsicum and should adopt under-film drip irrigation, to prevent the excessive and ground temperature prompt drop of border irrigation humidity, is unfavorable for later stage setting.Deng day cyclostrophic, when " babysbreath " green pepper grows up to when cold, should not topdress again, spray the special-purpose setting agent of a spray spirit capsicum and maybe can be affixed by calper calcium peroxide solution by drip irrigation, improve percentage of fertile fruit.Covered with sunshade net during growth high temperature in early stage, adds forced ventilation; During low temperature, add a cover middle canopy; Furrow face when fresh-keeping in field of surviving the winter is added a cover little shed and thermal insulation quilt or straw screen or mat, forms " three film one ground one decks " replace mode.The setting phase, in medicament diseases prevention, then spray the sucrose solution 1 time of 2-3%, to improve percentage of fertile fruit.Pluck in time a door green pepper, to green pepper; When plant enters preserving active, extract disease leaf, sick branch and growing point, every strain retains 15-20 fruit.The potassium sulfate solution of foliage-spray 8-10% mixes 0.1% ethephon agent, strengthens illumination simultaneously, keeps temperature at night, is beneficial to green pepper and changes into hot red pepper.
Embodiment bis-
In the present embodiment, select ' Kaifeng green pepper No. 1 ', cultivation process is identical with embodiment mono-.
Embodiment tri-
In the present embodiment, ' Soviet Union green pepper 14 ', cultivation process is identical with embodiment mono-in selection.
The main production target of the present invention
The present invention is directed to the autumn prolong that capsicum field cultivation is difficult to extend to New Year's Day, Spring Festival listing; and the market status of refrigeration finite capacity; having proposed a kind of autumn prolongs the method that capsicum survives the winter at field preserving active; by adding a cover the methods such as protection facility, plant strain growth regulation and control; improve capsicum in field preserving active percentage of fertile fruit, remarkable in economical benefits.Being particularly suitable for yangtse-huaihe region promotes the use of.
Claims (7)
1. the autumn prolongs the method that capsicum survives the winter at field preserving active, comprises the following steps:
A, cultivate strong sprout: before sowing, first by seed under appropriate sunlight according to shining 6-8 h, during interval 0.5-1h stir; Then 55 ℃ of warm water scald kind of 30-40 min, and 1% medical liquor potassic permanganate, 15 min that soak seed, clean after 3-4 time, put into 32-35 ℃ of incubator vernalization, during clear water flushing every day 1-2 time;
B, sowing: after more than 80% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, put into cave dish program request; First put into the canopy chamber that covers 1-2 floor sunshade net and emerge, take off net sooner or later, noon is cover net or spray cooling during high temperature; Take during this time preventing disease and pest measure, spray 1% chlormequat solution;
C, field planting: seedling age 28-35 days, height of seedling 15cm, field planting during band 6-7 sheet true leaf;
D, field management: it is base fertilizer that farmyard manure is used in field planting plot, regularly irrigate, topdress, during take preventing disease and pest measure, strain sprayed 1-2% sucrose solution 1 time before the phase; After field planting 40-50 days, no longer topdress, spray the special-purpose setting agent of a spray spirit capsicum or by drip irrigation, be affixed by the calper calcium peroxide solution of 3-5%; Fruiting period sprays 2-3% sucrose solution 1 time; Described sucrose solution sprays before being chosen at 9 in the morning;
E, fresh-keeping in field: when plant enters preserving active, extract disease leaf, sick branch and growing point, every strain retains 15-20 fruit; The potassium sulfate solution of foliage-spray 8-10% mixes 0.1% ethephon agent promotion annesl, strengthens illumination simultaneously, keeps temperature at night.
2. the autumn as claimed in claim 1 prolongs the method that capsicum survives the winter at field preserving active, it is characterized in that: described sowing step is chosen in before and after July 20 10 days.
3. the autumn as claimed in claim 1 prolongs the method that capsicum survives the winter at field preserving active, it is characterized in that: in the described field management stage, covered with sunshade net during high temperature, adds forced ventilation; During low temperature, add a cover middle canopy.
4. the autumn as claimed in claim 1 prolongs the method that capsicum survives the winter at field preserving active, it is characterized in that: in the described field management stage, irrigate, topdress and take under-film drip irrigation mode to carry out.
5. the autumn as claimed in claim 1 prolongs the method that capsicum survives the winter at field preserving active, it is characterized in that: described in field freshness date, furrow face is added a cover little shed and thermal insulation quilt or straw screen or mat, forms " three film one ground one decks " replace mode.
6. the autumn as claimed in claim 1 prolongs the method that capsicum survives the winter at field preserving active, it is characterized in that: described in field freshness date, should pluck in time a green pepper, to green pepper.
7. the autumn as claimed in claim 1 prolongs the method that capsicum survives the winter at field preserving active, it is characterized in that: described kind is selected from ' new Anhui green pepper No. 1 ', ' Kaifeng green pepper No. 1 ', ' Xu green pepper No. 2 ' or ' Soviet Union green pepper 14 '.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN104380976A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-03-04 | 罗宇 | Method for interplanting chilies in tea plant land |
| CN104396488A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-03-11 | 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 | Autumn-extension greenhouse Hangzhou chilli cultivation method |
| CN104770110A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-15 | 永州万喜登农业发展有限公司 | Over-wintering pepper seedling cultivating method without need of heel-in |
| CN106342525A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-25 | 韦妈情 | Pepper planting method |
| CN106386082A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 湖南新泰和绿色农业集团有限公司 | Tree-hanging fresh-keeping and overwintering regeneration plantation method for autumn delayed capsicum |
| CN108782060A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-11-13 | 霍山县映山红农业科技有限公司 | A kind of autumn delays the high yield cultivating method of capsicum |
| CN111133963A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-05-12 | 安徽华强种业有限公司 | Pepper planting method |
| CN114557243A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-05-31 | 广东和利农农业研究院有限公司 | Method for promoting color conversion of pod pepper |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104396488A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-03-11 | 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 | Autumn-extension greenhouse Hangzhou chilli cultivation method |
| CN104380976A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-03-04 | 罗宇 | Method for interplanting chilies in tea plant land |
| CN104770110A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-15 | 永州万喜登农业发展有限公司 | Over-wintering pepper seedling cultivating method without need of heel-in |
| CN104770110B (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-03-30 | 永州万喜登农业发展有限公司 | Hot Pepper Seedling method of surviving the winter is educated without the need to what heel in |
| CN106342525A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-25 | 韦妈情 | Pepper planting method |
| CN106386082A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 湖南新泰和绿色农业集团有限公司 | Tree-hanging fresh-keeping and overwintering regeneration plantation method for autumn delayed capsicum |
| CN108782060A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-11-13 | 霍山县映山红农业科技有限公司 | A kind of autumn delays the high yield cultivating method of capsicum |
| CN111133963A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-05-12 | 安徽华强种业有限公司 | Pepper planting method |
| CN114557243A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-05-31 | 广东和利农农业研究院有限公司 | Method for promoting color conversion of pod pepper |
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