CN102165883A - Seeding and seedling growing method of gingkoes - Google Patents
Seeding and seedling growing method of gingkoes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a seeding and seedling growing method of gingkoes, which comprises the steps of seed selection, seed disinfection, buding, seeding and the like. The seeding and seedling growing method can be used for preventing the intersecting and the spreading of false and inferior seeds, germs and propagating materials, ensuring the quality of seeds, and preventing pests and weeds. Before seeding, a warming and accelerating germination method is adopted so that the rate of germination of a seeded field is up to 90-100 percent. The seeding and seedling growing method has a higher application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medicinal material kind method for planting, be specifically related to the method for ginkgo seeding and seedling raising.
Background technology
Ginkgo is Chinese distinctive rare tree, and during three states of Chinese end, ginkgo has been contained and planted one band in the south of the River, and the later successive dynasties are extensively planted all parts of the country.Since the 17th century Mo, some American-European countries have also successively introduced ginkgo.
Ginkgo leaf is the leaf of Ginkgoaceae plant Ginkgo biloba, has another name called folium ginkgo bilobae.According to " dietetic materia medica " record, ginkgo leaf can be used for palpitation and severe palpitation, the deficiency syndrome of the lung and coughs and illness such as breathe heavily.1960's, West Germany has promptly begun the research of ginkgo leaf.Modern science checking, ginkgo leaf extract GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT is one of the most effective composition to the control of high fat of blood, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
Food containing gingko almond contains various nutrient elements, except that starch, protein, fat, carbohydrate, also contain vitamin c, trace elements such as vitamin b3, carotin, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, magnesium, and composition such as ginkgoic acid, bilobol, five carbon polysaccharide, fat sterol.Have beneficial lung qi, control to cough and breathe heavily, only be with worm, dwindle just, flat chapped wrinkle, protect blood vessel, increase dietary function and medical effects such as CBF.According to modern medicine study, ginkgo also has unobstructed blood vessel, improves cerebral function, delays the elderly's brain aging, strengthens effects such as memory capability, treatment senile dementia and cerebral blood supply insufficiency.
In the ginkgo leaf based on the active ingredient of flavones; have the effect of protection capillary permeability, coronary artery dilator, recovery arteries elasticity, nourishing brain cell and other organ, make blood matter and cholesterol in artery, peripheral vessel, the capillary keep normal level.
Along with deepening continuously of modern pharmacological research, to find not only to contain Flavonoid substances in the ginkgo leaf, and also have compounds such as terpene lactones, phenols, the pharmacological action of their brilliances is familiar with gradually by people.Clinical observation proves that ginkgo leaf mainly contains following effect.
1. cholesterol levels in the reduction blood of human body prevents arteriosclerosis.
2. bring high blood pressure down by increasing vasopermeability and elasticity, step-down effect is preferably arranged.
3. the deposition composition on the elimination vascular wall improves hemorheological property, promotes erythrocytic deformability, reduces blood viscosity.
4. gingko leaf preparation and antidiabetic drug share the treatment diabetes better curative effect, can be used for the adjuvant of diabetes.
Because the multiple efficacies of ginkgo is relevant with the quality of ginkgo, therefore, the seeding and seedling raising of ginkgo is subjected to extensive concern.Temperature, illumination, soil etc. all there are certain demand, otherwise undergrowth, or early leaf fall, dead gradually.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is a kind of method of guaranteeing quality and preventing the ginkgo seeding and seedling raising of damage by disease and insect and weed growth of research and design.
The ginkgo steps such as mainly comprising sowing, cuttage and grafting of growing seedlings.The present invention has done improvement from the source of ginkgo sowing and seedling-cultivating method.
The invention provides a kind of method of ginkgo seeding and seedling raising.This method comprises the following steps:
(1) selects seed
Accurately identify its species, comprise subspecies, mutation or kind, writing down its Chinese name is the kind " space perfume (or spice) " of ginkgo, and the formal name used at school of ginkgo is Ginkgo biloba L.; Purchase fresh seeds from the market, appearance is glossy, and planting shell is for the fish maw skin is white or ivory white, and the anatomic observation secundine should be attached on kind of the benevolence, and the endosperm appearance is yellow green, and planting kernel matter has juice; Water content 50-60%;
(2) seed disinfection and check
Sterilization: gingko seeds is with medicining liquid dipping 10 minutes～2 hours, and thimerosal is the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.3% carbendazim solution, 0.05% Tuzet solution or 0.5%.
Check: the seed that will soak is poured in the pond, discards the seed inferior that floats up, and collects the high quality seed of sinking.
(3) presprouting of seeds
10～15 days prior to seeding, the seed after the sterilization check soaked 1～3 in 25 ℃～35 ℃ warm water, when treating that seed moisture content is 15-25%, pulled out and carried out vernalization;
Vernalization is controlled under the ventilation condition to be carried out, and keeps 18～30 ℃ of temperature, and 25～30 ℃ of humidity when percentage of seedgermination is 50%, are all taken out directly sowing;
The hotbed husky vernalization of wetting is selected in vernalization for use, and the place of selecting hidding and sunny side is as hotbed, the sand that shop, the bed end is 5～10 centimetres, spread window screening or gunnysack above, evenly spread the seed of 15-16 cm thick again, cover 5 centimetres sand or one deck gunnysack again, topmost preserve moisture with the plastic film covering and heat insulating.Vernalization running check temp. and humidity keeps between 25～30 ℃ of 18～30 ℃, humidity temperature.
After seed begins to germinate, adopt the bud transplantation of seedlings to grow seedlings.When radicle is about 1 centimetre, sort out seed, the tip of a root of radicle is cut off 0.2 centimetre after sowing.Because the main root of ginkgo is very flourishing, can seize the nutrient of too many endosperm, it is long-living to influence the seedling lateral root.Therefore cut off radicle and can promote lateral root to form, increase the absorption of nursery stock, help cultivating high-quality strong sprout soil nutrient.Through test, the comparison of the seedling of disconnected radicle increases by 1.33 times according to radical, and the root width of cloth increases by 1.33 times.Seeds germinated should be sorted out sowing by stages and in groups, chooses weekly once, the continuation vernalization of not sprouting, and about totally 4 times, emergence rate can reach 95% like this.Remaining is the embryoless seeds that can not germinate, and can do him and use.
(4) sowing
Seeding and seedling raising adopts program request usually, and (30 centimetres of line-spacings, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows become seedling 10,000 strains; 20 centimetres of wide row, 14 centimetres of narrow rows, 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows; High-density sowing, 16 centimetres of line-spacings, 18 centimetres of spacing in the rows, but 1 row is dredged in interlacing in 1 year, dredges the 1-2 strain every strain, and every mu of ground keeps about 0.8 ten thousand strains; Dredged strain again, and stayed seedling 0.6 ten thousand strains in the 3rd year).Water before the sowing 1 time, concrete every mu is watered 10 tons of water and gets final product, treat soil do after water furrow planting again.The trench digging degree of depth is advisable with 2～3 centimetres.Point sowing time, to plant nuclear and answer north and south to place, it is consistent that direction is wanted, and radicle is downward, plants point laterally, and the emergence rate height is emerged soon like this, and seedling is sturdy.Because the ginkgo young shoot pushes up a little less than the native ability, earthing can not be blocked up, is generally 2～3cm.
Sowing is for spring or autumn, and in preferred spring, daily mean temperature is at 5 ℃～15 ℃, sowing during 4～20 ℃ of dark soil temperature of underground 5cm.
Because gingko seeds generally has only 70% germination rate, directly sowing tends to occur being short of seedling, disconnected ridge.Not only reduce the utilization rate in soil, also be unfavorable for cultivating strong sprout.In order to guarantee high emergence rate, adopt the method for the Pregermination and seedling breeding of heating prior to seeding, adopt the method for ginkgo seeding and seedling raising of the present invention, carry out and select gingko seeds and seed disinfection, can prevent the transaction and the propagation of seed of poor quality, bacterial classification and propagating materials, guarantee seed quality and prevent damage by disease and insect and weeds.Spring or planted in fall, preferred sowing in spring, make full use of early spring warmth, suitable condition such as wet, can promote ginkgo seedling early to be unearthed, make nursery stock that be arranged long vegetative period, both can improve and a mu rate, make the nursery stock lignification again, make seedling arrive during the broiling summer before fertility healthy and strong, strengthen and day burn and the resistivity of damage by disease and insect.The emergence rate in sowing land for growing field crops is 90-100% after the inventive method vernalization.Bigger using value is arranged.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
One, seed selection
1, choosing tree is collected seed: select that kind is good, strong stress resistance, speed life, high yield, the ginkgo plant of the age of tree between 40～100 years be elite stand, treat to collect seed after kind of a real maturation is landed again.Requirement kind of real pollination is good, growth is normal, full greatly, the no damage by disease and insect of grain.But excessive seed, sowing quantity is big, the cost height; Too small seed can not guarantee the seedling growth stalwartness, about general 400-500 grain/and every kilogram for well.
2, buying seed: except that the choosing tree is collected seed, also can purchase seed from the market, should screen meticulously.To the seed outward appearance, the size of embryo and endosperm, color and luster, smell and health status are carried out overall merit, and appearance is glossy, and planting shell is that the fish maw skin is white or ivory white, and the anatomic observation secundine should be attached on kind of the benevolence, and the endosperm appearance is yellow green, and planting kernel matter has juice; Water content 50-60%.
Can not select or purchase the water logging seed for use, the seed of old seed (next year stale), cur's, prematurity or the thin no embryo of kind skin.
3, sterilization
The gingko seeds of plucking should carry out disinfection before storage, and the gingko seeds of buying needs to carry out disinfection before vernalization, to eliminate the germ in the potential gingko seeds.Sterilization method is as follows: soaked in 0.3% carbendazim 10 minutes or immersion 1～2 hour or can with 0.05% Tuzet solution soaking 1-2 hour in 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate (seed soaks full get final product).After to be sterilized, the seed that soaked is poured in the pond, what float up is seed inferior, and what sink just is high quality seed.
4, vernalization
10 days seeds with sterilization are with warm water 25～30 ℃ of emerge in worm water after 2 days prior to seeding, be placed on direct vernalization under the plastic film then, will in time open film and heat with abundant daylighting morning, cover film insulation in time in night, temperature is controlled at 18～30 ℃, when surpassing 35 ℃, then aeration-cooling as temperature is too high.
Vernalization humidity should be controlled between 25～30 ℃, can not be too high or too low, should keep humidity and ventilative in addition, favourable seed sprouting.Will pick sowing in time by stages and in groups according to the seed sprouting situation, percentage of seedgermination is 50% o'clock by the time, can all take out direct sowing.
The hotbed husky vernalization of wetting is selected in vernalization for use, and the place of selecting hidding and sunny side is as hotbed, the sand that shop, the bed end is 5 centimetres, spread window screening or gunnysack above, evenly spread the seed of 15 cm thicks again, cover 5 centimetres sand or one deck gunnysack again, topmost preserve moisture with the plastic film covering and heat insulating.Vernalization running check temp. and humidity keeps between 25～30 ℃ of 18～30 ℃, humidity temperature.
After seed begins to germinate, adopt the bud transplantation of seedlings to grow seedlings.What at first grow is radicle, sorts out seed when radicle is about 1 centimetre, the tip of a root of radicle is cut off 0.2 centimetre after sowing.Because the main root of ginkgo is very flourishing, can seize the nutrient of too many endosperm, it is long-living to influence the seedling lateral root.Therefore cut off radicle and can promote lateral root to form, increase the absorption of nursery stock, help cultivating high-quality strong sprout soil nutrient.Through test, the comparison of the seedling of disconnected radicle increases by 1.33 times according to radical, and the root width of cloth increases by 1.33 times.Seeds germinated should be sorted out sowing by stages and in groups, chooses weekly once, the continuation vernalization of not sprouting, and about totally 4 times, emergence rate can reach 95% like this.Remaining is the embryoless seeds that can not germinate, and can do him and use.
Two, the sowing of seed
1, the sowing time
Because of gingko seeds does not have hibernation period, the sowing time in general spring and autumn all can.But in the China north, especially to the north of the Yellow River, winter temperature cold should not adopt autumn sowing.Can adopt autumn sowing in the areas to the south, the Changjiang river, even but in south, winter temperature is on the low side, and temperature Change is bigger, adds the workload that increases winter management, adopts autumn sowing also may not big benefit be arranged to growth of seedling.Sow in spring so adopt usually.
Sowing time of the present invention was selected at the beginning of late Febuary or 3 months.Before and after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), cold soil melts, and daily mean temperature is more than 5 ℃, can sow in the time of between 4～6 ℃ of the dark soil temperature of underground 5cm.
2, seeding quantity
What of seeding quantity produce aspects such as seedling amount, seed quality with unit are relevant.Per mu yield seedling amount can surpass 10,000 strains, can bring up to about 50,000 strains, still can guarantee to bring out healthy and strong one year seedling.Every mu of nursery lot seeding quantity will be calculated according to seed grain weight, physical purity of seed and germination rate.
For example every mu of plan 20,000 strains of growing seedlings, 75%, 600/kilogram of germination rate, cleanliness (the sample seed removes the percentage that weight behind the impurity accounts for sample seed gross weight) 98%, then every mu of seeding quantity is 45 kilograms.
3, type of seeding
Seeding and seedling raising adopts program request usually, and (30 centimetres of line-spacings, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows become seedling 10,000 strains; 20 centimetres of wide row, 14 centimetres of narrow rows, 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows; High-density sowing, 16 centimetres of line-spacings, 18 centimetres of spacing in the rows, but 1 row is dredged in interlacing in 1 year, dredges the 1-2 strain every strain, and every mu of ground keeps about 0.8 ten thousand strains; Dredged strain again, and stayed seedling 0.6 ten thousand strains in the 3rd year.Water before the sowing 1 time, concrete every mu is watered 10 tons of water and gets final product, treat soil do after water furrow planting again.The trench digging degree of depth is advisable with 2～3 centimetres.Point sowing time, to plant nuclear and answer north and south to place, it is consistent that direction is wanted, and radicle is downward, plants point laterally, and the emergence rate height is emerged soon like this, and seedling is sturdy.Because the ginkgo young shoot pushes up a little less than the native ability, earthing can not be blocked up, is generally 2cm.
Embodiment 2
The inventive method is with embodiment 1, and effect of the present invention sees the following form, and germination rate is up to 90% all greater than 50%, and per mu yield seedling amount improves year by year.
(1) buying seed: 500/kilogram of gingko seedses, cleanliness are 98%
(2) gingko seeds was with 0.05% Tuzet solution soaking 2 hours, and the seed inferior that floats up is removed in check
(3) sowing seed usefulness 25 ℃ of emerge in worm water of the warm water vernalization in 2 days of check of will sterilize in preceding 10 days
(4) sowing time is at the beginning of 3 months, program request: 20 centimetres of wide row, 14 centimetres of narrow rows, 15 centimetres of mus of spacing in the rows.
| Time | Seeding quantity (kilogram/mu) | Germination rate (%) | Produce seedling amount (strain/mu) | Emergence rate (%) |
| 2006 | 54 | 75 | 20000 | 90 |
| 2007 | 72 | 85 | 30000 | 93 |
| 2008 | 91 | 90 | 40000 | 96 |
| 2009 | 128 | 80 | 50000 | 98 |
Claims (7)
1. the method for a ginkgo seeding and seedling raising.This method comprises the following steps:
(1) selects seed
Purchase fresh seeds from the market, appearance is glossy, and planting shell is for the fish maw skin is white or ivory white, and the anatomic observation secundine should be attached on kind of the benevolence, and the endosperm appearance is yellow green, and planting kernel matter has juice; Water content 50-60%;
(2) seed disinfection and check
Sterilization: gingko seeds is used medicining liquid dipping 10 minutes～2 hours;
Check: the seed that will soak is poured in the pond, discards the seed inferior that floats up, and collects the high quality seed of sinking;
(3) presprouting of seeds
10～15 days prior to seeding, the gingko seeds after the sterilization check soaked 1～3 in 25 ℃～35 ℃ warm water, when treating that seed moisture content is 15-25%, pulled out and carried out vernalization;
Vernalization is controlled under the ventilation condition to be carried out, and keeps 18～30 ℃ of temperature, and 25～30 ℃ of humidity when percentage of seedgermination is 50%, are all taken out directly sowing;
(4) sowing
Seeding and seedling raising adopts program request usually, waters before the sowing 1 time, treat soil do after water furrow planting again;
Sowing is for spring or autumn, and daily mean temperature is at 5 ℃～15 ℃, sowing during 4～20 ℃ of dark soil temperature of underground 5cm.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described step (2) sterilization divides kind or 0.05% Tuzet solution or 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate 1-2 hour with 0.3% carbendazim solution 5-10.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described step (3) vernalization is the wet husky vernalization of hotbed, spread 5～10 centimetres sand at the bottom of the hotbed, spread window screening or gunnysack above, evenly spread the gingko seeds of 15-16 cm thick again, cover 5 centimetres sand or one deck gunnysack again, topmost preserve moisture with the plastic film covering and heat insulating; When seed begins to germinate, sort out seed in the time of the long 1-1.2 of radicle centimetre, after being cut off 0.2 centimetre, the tip of a root of radicle sows.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that watering 1 time before described step (4) sowing, every mu is watered 10 tons of water; The trench digging degree of depth is 2～3 centimetres; Point sowing time, plant nuclear north and south and place, the direction unanimity, radicle is downward, plants point laterally; Earthing is 2～3cm.
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described step (4) sowing is spring.
6. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that 30 centimetres of the line-spacings of described step (4) program request, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows; 20 centimetres of wide row, 14 centimetres of narrow rows, 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows.
7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterized in that 16 centimetres of line-spacings when described program request is high-density sowing, 18 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 1 row is dredged in interlacing in 1 year, dredges the 1-2 strain every strain, and every mu of ground keeps 0.8-1 ten thousand strains, dredged strain on the 3rd year again, every mu of ground keeps seedling 0.6 ten thousand strains.
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| CN104012210A (en) * | 2014-06-28 | 2014-09-03 | 崔涵宇 | Sprouting method for gingko seeds |
| CN104025770A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-09-10 | 金寨县冠友盆景园艺有限公司 | Rapid propagation and sprouting method of gingko seeds |
| CN104126353A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-11-05 | 山东农业大学 | Method for sowing ginkgo biloba seed with testa of ancient tree |
| CN104206155A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-12-17 | 广西师范大学 | Ginkgo green seedling cultivating method |
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| CN104982116A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-10-21 | 兰俊 | Ginkgo biloba seed germination method |
| CN105409691A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-03-23 | 云南希康生物科技有限公司 | Novel ultrahigh-density breeding technique for ginkgo biloba |
| CN105660287A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-06-15 | 重庆万物春生制药有限公司 | Gingko planting method |
| CN106105945A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-16 | 刘桂春 | A kind of high efficiency seedling cultivating plantation technique of ginkgo |
| CN106305291A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-11 | 金寨县万紫千红农业科技开发有限公司 | Wild gingko natural seedling healthy planting method |
| CN106305119A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-11 | 金寨县劲春银杏树种植专业合作社 | Way of intercropping gingko under trichosanthes kirilowii |
| CN106386053A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 金寨县劲春银杏树种植专业合作社 | Method for interplanting seedling culture of gingko and sorghum |
| CN107912202A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2018-04-17 | 四川上善银杏农业开发有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo seedling |
| CN106612720A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-10 | 蚌埠市金牛湾农业科技发展有限公司 | Treatment method of ginkgo seeds |
| CN107889678A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-10 | 桂林国农生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of gingko |
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Application publication date: 20110831 |