CN101747119A - Soybean special fertilizer with soil improvement function and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Soybean special fertilizer with soil improvement function and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101747119A CN101747119A CN200810229747A CN200810229747A CN101747119A CN 101747119 A CN101747119 A CN 101747119A CN 200810229747 A CN200810229747 A CN 200810229747A CN 200810229747 A CN200810229747 A CN 200810229747A CN 101747119 A CN101747119 A CN 101747119A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soybean special fertilizer with soil improvement function and the preparation and application thereof; the soybean special fertilizer comprises the following ingredients by weight parts: 200-300 parts of organic matter, 20-40 parts of porous inorganic substances, 30-60 parts of clay, 100-150 parts of strong acid, 160-300 parts of compound fertilizer, 40-70 parts of clay, and 0.03-0.1 part of leavening agent. The soybean special fertilizer has the soil improvement function and is suitable for the soybean fertilizer requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soybean fertilization, a kind of specifically dedicated fertilizer for soybean and preparation and application that possesses soil improvement action.
Background technology
Soybean is the important grain and oil crop of China, also is the important source material of multiple nonstaple food processing, and purposes is very extensive.Because soybean has the symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability, the plain most of fixed nitrogen mechanism that relies on rihizobium japonicum symbiotic with it of needed N satisfies the supply of its N in its breeding time, and therefore, optimization fertilizer application mode and other crops of leguminous crop have than big-difference.Soybean is very responsive to the P reaction, executes P and can significantly improve its yield and quality afterwards, after N, P supply is met, executes K and also can effectively improve soybean yields.As seen it is obvious for improving soybean yields and quality effect to distribute the fertile ratio of NPK in the soybean planting process rationally; simultaneously; though in the soybeans they grow process to the demand of zinc and molydbenum fertilizer seldom; only account for ten thousand of crop dry weight/several to 100,000/several, but they are integral parts of enzyme or coenzyme, and are very active in the soybean body; has special role; be that other elements are irreplaceable, very big to improving soybean yields and quality effect, be the basis of soybean high-quality cultivation.
In the conventional tillage mode, soybean planting is often ignored N fertilizer, and is regional northeastward, because the rich K of soil, the fertile use of K for many years is also out in the cold, but prolong with farming is historical, soil K exhausts that gradually soil quality obviously descends in the storehouse, soil organic matter content falls sharply, soil physical property worsens, the decline of coacervate quality and quantity, and the soil aeration situation is degenerated.Therefore the present invention is directed to soybeans they grow characteristics and the Northeast's soil quality present situation, special N, K and element and the materials such as organic matter and porous mineral such as Zn, Mo of adding in composite fertilizer, and provide scientific matching, to improve soybeans they grow environment and nutrient situation, when improving soybean yields, also can improve soil quality like this.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is exactly the fact that descends at present arable soil structure degradation, soil fertility, enters soil biochemical reaction afterwards according to fertilizer, and a kind of dedicated fertilizer for soybean and preparation and application that possesses soil improvement action and adapt to the soybean regulation of fertilizer requirement is provided.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention:
A kind of dedicated fertilizer for soybean that possesses soil improvement action, count by weight, it is fermented at normal temperatures and is formed by organic 200-300 part, porous, inorganic thing 20-40 part, strong acid 100-150 part, composite fertilizer 160-300 part, clay 40-70 part, organic materials starter 0.03-0.1 part.
Described organic matter is that humic acid forms by weight ratio heap fermentation, the pulverizing at normal temperatures after mixing for 0.2-0.3 with organic materials; The porous, inorganic thing is one or more in perlite, sepiolite, medical stone, the zeolite; Clay be wilkinite, opoka, kaolin, diatomite, polynite wherein one or more; Strong acid is nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, and concentration is 0.001-0.1mol/L; The organic materials starter is fertilizer starter or short rotten agent etc. (as: can select for use commercially available Gymboree board etc. or self-control to contain the starter of chemical ingredientss such as saltpetre, lime nitrogen).
Described humic acid is the peat composed of rotten mosses and/or brown coal; Organic materials is wooden chaff, peanut cake and/or soya-bean cake;
The effective ingredient of described composite fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and molybdenum, consists of N in their its weight of effective content: P: K: Zn: Mo=1: 1.1～1.5: 1.2～1.8: 0.25～0.40: 0.03～0.06; The fertilizer that described N selects for use is urea or sulphur ammonium, P
2O
5The fertilizer of selecting for use is two ammoniums or crosses stone, K
2The fertilizer that O selects for use is vitriolate of tartar or Repone K, and Zn is a zinc sulfate, and molybdenum is an ammonium dimolybdate; Parts by weight proportioning between them is for being: N:30-40kg, P
2O
5: 75-135kg, K
2O:45-90kg, Zn are 7-16kg, and Mo is 1-2kg; Wherein also be added with the DCD of purity nitrogen weight consumption 1-1.5%.
Humic acid contains abundant organic carbon, is natural organic matter, uses in a large number for a long time and can obviously improve soil organic matter content, improves Soil structure, improves the soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping performance; In addition, humic acid has the caustic solubility characteristics, and contained various insoluble organic acid can be activated dissolving under saline and alkaline condition, can reduce soil pH on the one hand, reduce the generation of salt damage, the humate of Sheng Chenging can quicken crop metabolism on the other hand, the conditioning plant-growth.
Simultaneously, fertilizer of the present invention changes the traditional unbalanced present situation of soybean fertilization of Base of Liaohe Plain, carries out the equilibrium fertilising, is improving soybean yields simultaneously, improves soil quality and the ability of supplying with nutrient.Add a certain amount of Zn fertilizer in the composite fertilizer, help nutrient and shift in seed, improve the yield of kernels and quality, the supply of Mo fertilizer can improve the rihizobium japonicum vigor, to NO in the soybean body
3 -Reduction has active effect.
The present invention adds inorganic nitrogen in step 1) fertilizer making processes, to regulate C/N in the organic materials, help the quick decomposition of organic materials, and inorganic nitrogen is converted into organonitrogen; This special use is fertile on common composite fertilizer basis, plurality of raw materials such as organic decomposition object and porous, inorganic thing have been added, provide on the required inorganic nutrients of the soybeans they grow basis having conventional composite fertilizer, also can provide soybeans they grow required various trace elements, wherein organism is remarkable for improving the soil organic matter content effect, and the porous, inorganic thing to regulate its pH value after acid treatment be little acid or neutrality, make it have the effect that the structure of improving the soil also has the improvement saline-alkali soil simultaneously.
Raw material of the present invention is selected cheap biodegradable, renewable organic matter, special-purpose ratio composite fertilizer, clay and inorganic porous thing etc. for use, through mix, fermentation, can obviously improve the physicochemical character of soil, promote soil agreegate to form; Improve soil ph, improve soil CEC, increase soil fertility and fertilizer utilization efficiency, promote plant growth, have good ecological benefits and economic benefit.
Concrete preparation process is as follows:
Dedicated fertilizer for soybean weight consists of, organic 200-300 part, porous, inorganic thing 20-40 part, strong acid 100-150 part, composite fertilizer 160-300 part, clay 40-70 part, starter 0.03-0.1 part;
1) with the wooden chaff in the peat composed of rotten mosses in the humic acid and/or brown coal and the organic materials, peanut cake and/or soya-bean cake separated pulverizing, cross the 80-120 mesh sieve, mix the weight concentration of back adding starter and mixture weight 1-3% and carry out mix for the 8-12% urea soln, mix back normal temperature and stacked fermentation 10-15 days or adopted fermentation equipment fermentation 24-72 hour, afterwards, three days systems of airing are done or are done with dry mechanism, get organic ripe fertilizer, pulverize through secondary again, cross the 80-120 mesh sieve, get organic standby;
2) in required ratio porous, inorganic thing and clay are mixed back adding strong acid solution, stirred 10-50 minute, soaked 3-40 hour, filter, it is 4-8.5 that adding alkali is adjusted pH;
3) porous, inorganic thing and the clay with organic matter, composite fertilizer, processing mixes, adjust moisture to 30-45%, drying, pulverizing are then carried out in room temperature fermentation 3-5 days, make the dedicated fertilizer for soybean with vesicular structure of granular, spherical or column with granulating method or extrusion process;
Wherein composite fertilizer's effective ingredient mainly comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, molybdenum, and they consist of N in its weight of effective content: P: K: Zn: Mo=1: 1.1～1.5: 1.2～1.8: 0.25～0.40: 0.03～0.06; Wherein also be added with the DCD of purity nitrogen weight consumption 1-1.5%.
The soybean Tanaka that it can be applied in down on the Base of Liaohe Plain soil makees base manure and once applies when sowing the seed in spring, the unit surface consumption is 600-800kg hm
-2
Dedicated fertilizer for soybean of the present invention is conventional soybean composite fertilizer's advantage while before inheriting, in composite fertilizer, add through become thoroughly decomposed and pulverize after organic materials, wherein contain a large amount of organic matters, humic acid etc., can effectively improve soil quality, improve soil aggregate and characterization of adsorption, improved the soil fertilizer ability, thereby improved fertilizer utilization efficiency and crop yield, should also can improve soil ph by special use fertilizer simultaneously, prevent that soil quality from descending.In addition, the present invention utilizes cheap biodegradable, renewable resources, and environmental stress is little, has good benefits in environment and economic benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
With 5 kilograms of wooden chaffs, 50 kilograms in peanut cake, 15 kilograms in brown coal, 0.025 kilogram of starter, the urea soln (the urea soln weight concentration is 10%) of pulverizing the dilution of about 1.5 kilograms of back addings carries out mix, mix back normal temperature and stack two weeks of fermentation, afterwards, three days systems of airing are done, become about about 50 kilograms dry product (organic 〉=70%), and carry out secondary and pulverize, mix with 45 kilograms of composite fertilizers (3 kilograms in urea, 21 kilograms of two ammoniums, 17 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar, 3.5 kilograms in zinc sulfate, 0.5 kilogram of ammonium dimolybdate, DCD0.07 kilogram), cross 100 mesh sieves.
15 kilograms of perlites, 20 kilograms of wilkinites with weight concentration 10% salt acid soak 24 hours, are filtered, add sodium hydroxide solution in the solid materials, regulate pH to 4.5, filter, 120 ℃ dry to constant weight, and pulverize back and organic compost mixing.Regulate mixture moisture to 32%, fully stir with spiral stirrer, then room temperature condition was piled down rotten 4 days, and stir 1-2 every day.Become thoroughly decomposed after natural air drying or 40-60 ℃ of down oven dry, pulverize, in granulating disc, carry out granulation, dry pack.
Embodiment 2
With wooden chaff 100 grams, soya-bean cake 1500 grams, brown coal 350 grams, starter 0.7 gram, pulverizing the back, to add 20 gram total amount concentration be that 10% urea soln stirs, normal temperature was stacked for two weeks and (or is adopted fermentation equipment to ferment after mixing, ask during fermentation and can shorten to 24-48 hour), three days systems of airing are then done (or dried with dry mechanism), become the dry product that has approximately about 1400 grams, carrying out secondary pulverizes, mix with composite fertilizer's 1750 grams (urea 107 grams, two ammoniums, 823 grams, vitriolate of tartar 670 grams, zinc sulfate 135 grams, ammonium dimolybdate 16 grams, DCD 3 grams), cross 100 mesh sieves.
With 400 gram medical stones, 500 gram opoka weight concentrations is 10% salt acid soak 24 hours, filters, and adds sodium hydroxide solution in the solid materials, regulates pH to 6.5, filters, and 120 ℃ dry to constant weight, and pulverize back and organic compost mixing.Regulate mixture moisture to 45%, fully stir with spiral stirrer, then room temperature condition was piled down rotten 3 days, and stir 1-2 every day.Become thoroughly decomposed after natural air drying or 40-60 ℃ of down oven dry, pulverize, in granulating disc, carry out granulation, dry pack.
Embodiment 3
With 18 kilograms of wooden chaffs, 270 kilograms of soya-bean cakes, 65 kilograms of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 0.13 kilogram of starter, pulverizing the back, to add 9.3 kilograms of total amount concentration be that 10% urea soln stirs, normal temperature was stacked for two weeks and (or is adopted fermentation equipment to ferment after mixing, fermentation time can shorten to 24-48 hour), three days systems of airing are then done (or dried with dry mechanism), become the dry product that has approximately about 260 kilograms, carrying out secondary pulverizes, with 289 kilograms of composite fertilizers (18 kilograms in urea, 136 kilograms of two ammoniums, 110 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar, 22 kilograms in zinc sulfate, 2.7 kilograms of ammonium dimolybdates, 0.4 kilogram of DCD) mixes, cross 100 mesh sieves.
With 75 kilograms of sepiolites and zeolite mixture, 93 kilograms of kaolin weight concentrations is 10% salt acid soak 24 hours, filters, and adds sodium hydroxide solution in the solid materials, regulates pH to 7.5, filters, and 120 ℃ dry to constant weight, and pulverize back and organic compost mixing.Regulate mixture moisture to 38%, fully stir with spiral stirrer, then room temperature condition was piled down rotten 5 days, and stir 1-2 every day.Become thoroughly decomposed after natural air drying or 40-60 ℃ of down oven dry, pulverize, in granulating disc, carry out granulation, dry pack.
Embodiment 3 described fertilizer can be used for 1 hectare of soybean farmland, application process: make base manure and once apply when sowing the seed in spring.
1. test is handled
I. N, P, K fertilizer are only executed in contrast, and fertilizer amount is that N is 30kg hm
-2, P
2O
5Be 63kg hm
-2, K
2O is 54kg hm
-2
II. N, P in the special-purpose fertilizer, the fertile consumption of K are the same, and add other nutrients and material in ratio among the embodiment 3.
2. effect of fertilizer
Table 1 ripening stage tree characteristics
| Project | Plant height (cm) | Branch amount (individual) | Number (individual) bears pods | The number of blade (sheet) |
| Special-purpose fertile | ??106 | ??3.62 | ??50 | ??9.5 |
| Chemical fertilizer | ??99 | ??3.49 | ??43 | ??8.8 |
Use special-purpose loose beans comparison according to high approximately 7cm from ripening stage tree characteristics investigation is visible, several average specific chemical fertilizer that bear pods are handled and are had more 7, are significantly improved, and in addition, special-purpose fertile the processing emerged than 1-2 days morning of space management, and seedling is more neat, sturdy.
Table 22008 year special-purpose fertile influence to soybean yields
| Project | 100-grain weight (g) | Average single-strain grain weight (g) | The yield of kernels (kg/ha) | Volume increase (%) |
| Special-purpose fertile | ??17.8 | ?25.1 | ??2440 | ??14.9 |
| Chemical fertilizer | ??16.7 | ?20.1 | ??2124 | ??- |
From rate schedule, as can be seen, used dedicated fertilizer for soybean yield of kernels increase by 14.9% of the present invention in 2008, illustrate that this special use fertilizer is obvious for improving the effect of soybean seed output; Its effect for soil quality and the raising of organic carbon content level will be done further research with the prolongation of the test time limit.
Claims (7)
1. dedicated fertilizer for soybean that possesses soil improvement action, it is characterized in that: count by weight, it is fermented at normal temperatures and is formed by organic 200-300 part, porous, inorganic thing 20-40 part, strong acid 100-150 part, composite fertilizer 160-300 part, clay 40-70 part, organic materials starter 0.03-0.1 part.
2. according to the described dedicated fertilizer for soybean of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described organic matter is that humic acid forms by weight ratio heap fermentation, the pulverizing at normal temperatures after mixing for 0.2-0.3 with organic materials;
The porous, inorganic thing is one or more in perlite, sepiolite, medical stone, the zeolite; Clay be wilkinite, opoka, kaolin, diatomite, polynite wherein one or more;
Strong acid is nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, and concentration is 0.001-0.1mol/L; The organic materials starter is fertilizer starter or short rotten agent.
3. according to the described dedicated fertilizer for soybean of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described humic acid is the peat composed of rotten mosses and/or brown coal; Organic materials is wooden chaff, peanut cake and/or soya-bean cake.
4. according to the described dedicated fertilizer for soybean of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the effective ingredient of described composite fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and molybdenum, its weight of effective content in them consists of N: P: K: Zn: Mo=1: 1.1～1.5: 1.2～1.8: 0.25～0.40: 0.03～0.06.
5. according to the described dedicated fertilizer for soybean of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the fertilizer that described N selects for use is urea or sulphur ammonium, P
2O
5The fertilizer of selecting for use is two ammoniums or crosses stone, K
2The fertilizer that O selects for use is vitriolate of tartar or Repone K, and Zn is a zinc sulfate, and molybdenum is an ammonium dimolybdate; Parts by weight proportioning between them is for being: N:30-40kg, P
2O
5: 75-135kg, K
2O:45-90kg, Zn are 7-16kg, and Mo is 1-2kg; Wherein also be added with the DCD of purity nitrogen weight consumption 1-1.5%.
6. described dedicated fertilizer for soybean preparation method of claim 1,
Dedicated fertilizer for soybean weight consists of, organic 200-300 part, porous, inorganic thing 20-40 part, strong acid 100-150 part, composite fertilizer 160-300 part, clay 40-70 part, starter 0.03-0.1 part; It is characterized in that:
1) with the wooden chaff in the peat composed of rotten mosses in the humic acid and/or brown coal and the organic materials, peanut cake and/or soya-bean cake separated pulverizing, cross the 80-120 mesh sieve, mix the weight concentration of back adding starter and mixture weight 1-3% and carry out mix for the 8-12% urea soln, mix back normal temperature and stacked fermentation 10-15 days or adopted fermentation equipment fermentation 24-72 hour, afterwards, three days systems of airing are done or are done with dry mechanism, get organic ripe fertilizer, pulverize through secondary again, cross the 80-120 mesh sieve, get organic standby;
2) in required ratio porous, inorganic thing and clay are mixed back adding strong acid solution, stirred 10-50 minute, soaked 3-40 hour, filter, it is 4-8.5 that adding alkali is adjusted pH;
3) porous, inorganic thing and the clay with organic matter, composite fertilizer, processing mixes, adjust moisture to 30-45%, drying, pulverizing are then carried out in room temperature fermentation 3-5 days, make the dedicated fertilizer for soybean with vesicular structure of granular, spherical or column with granulating method or extrusion process;
Wherein composite fertilizer's effective ingredient mainly comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, molybdenum, and they consist of N in its weight of effective content: P: K: Zn: Mo=1: 1.1～1.5: 1.2～1.8: 0.25～0.40: 0.03～0.06; Wherein also be added with the DCD of purity nitrogen weight consumption 1-1.5%.
7. the application of the described dedicated fertilizer for soybean of claim 1 is characterized in that: the soybean Tanaka that it can be applied in down on the Base of Liaohe Plain soil, and when sowing the seed in spring, to make base manure and once apply, the unit surface consumption is 600-800kg hm
-2
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008102297479A CN101747119B (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2008-12-15 | Soybean special fertilizer with soil improvement function and preparation and application thereof |
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| CN101747119A true CN101747119A (en) | 2010-06-23 |
| CN101747119B CN101747119B (en) | 2013-04-03 |
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| CN102550603A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-11 | 北京市松浦经贸发展公司 | Extraction method of mineral concentrate for environmental restoration and application thereof |
| CN102795944A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2012-11-28 | 德州市元和农业科技开发有限责任公司 | Soil-improving bio-fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102951962A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-03-06 | 东至县海瑞达肥业有限责任公司 | Organic-inorganic composite biological fertilizer pesticide special for soybean and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103601561A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-26 | 界首市联发种植专业合作社 | Soybean organic composite fertilizer prepared specifically for North China Plain soil |
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| CN108624330A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-10-09 | 全椒县马塘湖农作物种植专业合作社 | A kind of Soil improvement matrix and preparation method thereof for soybean planting |
| CN113501739A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-15 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Organic matter improved soil water-saving drought-resistant nitrogen fixation fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN114731927A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-07-12 | 黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Culture medium for soybean cultivation and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102550603B (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2014-03-05 | 北京市松浦经贸发展公司 | Extraction method of mineral concentrate for environmental restoration and application thereof |
| CN103013525A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2013-04-03 | 吕周锋 | Soil conditioner for promoting formation of soil aggregates |
| CN103013525B (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2015-01-14 | 吕周锋 | Soil conditioner for promoting formation of soil aggregates |
| CN102795944B (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2014-01-29 | 德州市元和农业科技开发有限责任公司 | Soil-improving bio-fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102795944A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2012-11-28 | 德州市元和农业科技开发有限责任公司 | Soil-improving bio-fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102951962A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-03-06 | 东至县海瑞达肥业有限责任公司 | Organic-inorganic composite biological fertilizer pesticide special for soybean and preparation method thereof |
| CN102951962B (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2015-05-27 | 东至县海瑞达肥业有限责任公司 | Organic-inorganic composite biological fertilizer pesticide special for soybean and preparation method thereof |
| CN103601561A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-26 | 界首市联发种植专业合作社 | Soybean organic composite fertilizer prepared specifically for North China Plain soil |
| CN107652983A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-02-02 | 王天石 | A kind of legume special-purpose soil modifying agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN108624330A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-10-09 | 全椒县马塘湖农作物种植专业合作社 | A kind of Soil improvement matrix and preparation method thereof for soybean planting |
| CN113501739A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-15 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Organic matter improved soil water-saving drought-resistant nitrogen fixation fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN114731927A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-07-12 | 黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Culture medium for soybean cultivation and preparation method thereof |
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