CN101680829B - 载污体上的沉积物的测量方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种测量组合物在载污体上的沉积量的方法。该信息可用于与组合物将怎样沉积到诸如淋浴房、浴器和洗脸盆等卫生洁具上相关联。所述组合物可以是液态的个人清洁组合物。
Description
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本专利申请是申请号为PCT/US2008/57814、申请日为2008年3月21日的国际专利申请的部分继续申请,所述国际专利申请以引用方式并入本文。
发明背景
对于在淋浴器(shower)、沐浴器(bath)或水槽(sink)中使用的个人清洁组合物的研发而言,最好是使清洗掉粘附在淋浴器、沐浴器或水槽上的组合物的工作量最小化。最好是使组合物尽可能少地沉积在载污体(substrate)上,从而使清洗工作量最小化。
为了测量组合物在卫生洁具上的实际沉积量,需要实际使用组合物。然而使人们在淋浴器、沐浴器或水槽中使用组合物,将需要耗费相当数量的劳力和时间。最好能减少这些劳力和时间的数量。
发明简述
本发明涉及测量组合物在载污体上的沉积量的方法。该信息可用于与组合物将怎样沉积到诸如淋浴房(shower cubicle)、浴器(baths)和洗脸盆(wash basin)等卫生洁具上相关联。
具体地说,本发明涉及测量组合物留在载污体上的残留物的方法,所述方法包括:a)提供载污体;b)称量载污体,获得初始重量;c)提供装在容器中含有已测定量的具有所需硬度的水和已测定量的待测组合物的混合物;d)将载污体浸没在混合物中达到足以使组合物润湿载污体的时间;e)移出载污体并使过量混合物流出载污体;f)干燥载污体;以及g)称量载污体,获得最终重量。
所述方法在步骤b)和步骤c)之间还可包括如下漂洗和干燥载污体:在室温下,依次在下述试剂i)~iv)中漂洗载污体:i)自来水,然后ii)去离子水,然后iii)200烈度(proof)的乙醇,然后iv)试剂级丙酮;随后风干载污体。
为了提供步骤c)装在容器中的所述混合物,所述方法还可包括:i)测量加入容器中的具有所需硬度的水的量;ii)向容器中插入混合器;iii)调节容器和水至所需温度;iv)加入待测组合物,形成混合物;v)混合混合物;vi)任选调节混合物至所需温度;以及vii)停止混合。
任选地,在浸没步骤d)中,如果载污体未完全浸没在混合物中,那么首先将载污体部分地浸没,然后将其移出混合物,旋转约180度,再放回到混合物中,再次使其部分地浸没在该混合物中。
任选地,所述方法还包括将初始重量和最终重量相比较以确定粘附在载污体上的残留物的重量。
任选地,所述方法还包括将残留物的重量除以载污体的总表面积以求出每单位面积的载污体上残留物的单位重量。
所述组合物优选为个人清洁组合物,所述载污体优选由选自玻璃、陶瓷制品(ceramic)、瓷器(porcelain)、瓷砖(tile)、丙烯酸类(acrylic)和玻璃纤维(fiberglass)的材料构成。所述方法更优选用于与当在浴室使用个人清洁组合物时所述组合物留在卫生洁具上的残留物的量相关联。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种包括下列步骤的方法:a)选择初始重量为已知的载污体;b)任选在室温下,依次在下列试剂i)~iv)中漂洗载污体:i)自来水;ii)去离子水;iii)200烈度的乙醇;iv)试剂级丙酮;v)风干载污体;以及vi)称量载污体,获得初始重量;c)测量加入容器中的具有所需硬度的水的量;d)向容器中插入混合器;e)调节容器和水至所需温度;f)加入待测组合物,形成混合物;g)混合混合物;h)如果需要,调节混合物至所需温度;i)停止混合;j)向混合物中插入至少一个载污体;k)使载污体置于混合物中达到足以使组合物润湿载污体的时间;l)任选地,如果载污体未完全浸没在混合物中,则将其移出并旋转180度,接着如步骤j)和步骤k)所述再放回到该混合物中;m)将载污体移出并使载污体排干达到足以使过量混合物流出载污体的时间;n)将载污体置于夹持器上并干燥足够时间;o)称量载污体,获得最终重量;p)任选地,将清洗前(pre-washed)重量与最终重量相比较以确定粘附在载污体上的残留物的量;q)任选地,通过将残留物的质量(mass)除以载污体的总表面积而把残留物的重量换算成质量/面积;并且其中通过选择载污体的尺寸、容器的尺寸、水的量以及组合物的量,使得载污体可适合容器并可浸没在水和组合物中。
发明详述
本公布全文中所使用的范围是用于描述在此范围内的每个值和所有值的简略表达。任一个在该范围内的值可选作该范围的终点。另外,本公布中引用的所有参考文献在此以其全文通过引用方式并入本文。在本公布中的定义和所引用参考文献中的定义出现任何冲突的情况下,以本公布为准。
如本说明书和权利要求书中所使用,除了下述实施例中的注释之外,所列出的物质的量是物质的有效重量(active weight)。
如全文中所使用,“室温”是指23℃±1℃。
测量组合物留在载污体上的残留物的方法可包括:a)选择初始重量为已知的载污体;b)任选在室温下,依次在下列试剂i)~iv)中漂洗载污体:i)自来水;ii)去离子水;iii)200烈度的乙醇;iv)试剂级丙酮;v)风干载污体;以及vi)称量载污体,获得初始重量;c)测量加入容器中的具有所需硬度的水的量;d)向容器中插入混合器;e)调节容器和水至所需温度;f)加入待测组合物,形成混合物;g)混合混合物;h)如果需要,调节混合物至所需温度;i)停止混合;j)向混合物中插入至少一个载污体;k)使载污体置于混合物中达到足以使组合物润湿载污体的时间;l)任选地,如果载污体未完全浸没在混合物中,将其移出并旋转180度,接着如步骤j)和步骤k)所述再放回到该混合物中;m)将载污体移出并使载污体排干达到足以使过量混合物流出载污体的时间;n)将载污体置于夹持器上并干燥足够时间;o)称量载污体,获得最终重量;p)任选地,将清洗前重量与最终重量相比较以确定粘附在载污体上的残留物的量;q)任选地,通过将残留物的质量除以载污体的总表面积而把残留物的重量换算成质量/面积;并且其中通过选择载污体的尺寸、容器的尺寸、水的量以及组合物的量,使得载污体可适合容器并可浸没在水和组合物中。
载污体和容器的尺寸可选择为任一种所需尺寸。对于实验室测试,可选择典型的实验室尺寸的设备。在一个实施方案中,载污体可以是标准的载玻片,容器可以是烧杯。
载污体可以是任一种所需载污体。为与浴室表面相比较,载污体可具有从浴室中找到的任一种表面。例子包括玻璃、陶瓷制品、瓷器、瓷砖、丙烯酸类或玻璃纤维。只要该载污体有利于确定出留在特定载污体上的残留物,就可使用它。为了比较由不同组合物留下的残留物,可使用任一种类型的载污体来达到比较目的。当选择载污体时,由于将使其所有表面浸没在组合物中至同一深度来进行测试,因此所有表面应当相同。例如,瓷砖通常在一面具有强光泽装饰(glazedfinish)而在相反一面具有黏土。应当提供所有表面都具有相同强光泽装饰的瓷砖。为图便利,可选择实验室载玻片作为载污体。
任选地,为了提供干净的载污体,可在使用前对载污体进行漂洗。在一个实施方案中,漂洗是依次在以下每种物质中完成的:自来水、去离子水(一般小于约1μSem)、200烈度的乙醇和试剂级丙酮。在漂洗后,使载污体干燥。任选地,载污体可在每种漂洗物质之间进行干燥。
用于稀释组合物的水的水硬度可选择为任一个所需硬度。通过选择不同的水硬度,可测量水硬度对于载污体上的沉积作用的影响。
混合可采用任一种类型的混合器来进行,该混合器可混合尺寸已选定的容器中的内容物。在某些实施方案中,混合器可选择为磁力驱动搅拌棒或者推动器驱动混合器。
可以改变组合物的温度来进行任一所需温度下的测量。如果沐浴温度下的沉积作用有利于测量,那么可选择温度为人沐浴时会使用的任一个温度。在某些实施方案中,温度为约25℃至约50℃。在一个实施方案中,可选择人体温度,约37℃。在某些实施方案中,如果温度为所需温度,那么没有必要调节温度。
可将载污体完全浸没在混合物中,或者可部分地浸没载污体。部分浸没可用来模拟淋浴环境。为了模拟淋浴环境,可以任一个所需角度将载污体插入混合物中。选择该角度用来最大化载污体在混合物中的面积。在某些实施方案中,角度为约10°至约30°。在某些实施方案中,载污体不直接平行于容器的侧壁。在某些实施方案中,采用本技术淹没载玻片长度的约2/3来模拟淋浴环境中会存在的部分地暴露于液体和空气的状态。如果使用了一个以上的载污体,那么应当使它们彼此不相接触。
载污体可与任一种可夹持载污体的所需物品一起插入。在某些实施方案中,夹持器可为镊子、钳子或夹子。
可保持载污体浸没在混合物中达任一所需时间长度。时间可选择为沐浴所需时间长度。在某些实施方案中,时间长度可以为约1分钟至约30分钟。在某些实施方案中,时间可选为约10分钟。
当使载污体浸没所需时间长度后,将载污体移出并使过量混合物流出载污体。在一个实施方案中,可以某一角度夹持载污体以使得混合物朝一个角排出并滴干。接下来,可使载污体的这个角接触到容器的边缘,使得无需弄乱载污体的表面就可以去除过量的混合物。
然后将载污体置于夹持器中使其干燥。时间选择为使得混合物干燥的时间。在一个实施方案中,时间长度约为24小时。干燥可通过风干来完成以更紧密地接近沐浴后情形。任选地,干燥可在低于任一个被选择沐浴温度的温度下,被加热环境中完成,温度可低于约50℃。温度应当不高于沐浴所用的最大温度以防止沐浴后会出现的固体被蒸发掉或从载污体上流走。
干燥后,称量载污体,获得最终重量。通过从最终重量中减去初始重量,计算出沉积在载污体上的物质的量。
可将所得质量除以载污体的总表面积,求出质量/面积。如果测量了一个以上的载污体,那么就可进行额外的统计分析,诸如可计算出平均值和标准偏差。实施例1
在本实施例中,测试了组合物(以组合物1-4为例说明)具有的低的玻璃表面(代表卫生洁具的表面)残留物沉积量的倾向,并将其与具有显著更高残留物沉积量的目前商业可购得的保湿沐浴露(组合物X)进行了对比。对于组合物1和组合物X,采用两种不同硬度水平的水进行了测试。
具体地说,依照下述方法,用各种待测洁肤产品对载玻片进行了处理:液态洁肤产品在玻璃上的残留物沉积量的测定方法1.划割载玻片以使它们独特地适用于测试。载玻片尺寸应当大约为7.56cm×2.49cm×0.1cm,重量大约为4.5g。2.在室温下,依次在下列试剂a~d中漂洗清洗前的载玻片:a.自来水b.去离子水(小于约1μSem)c.200烈度的乙醇d.试剂级丙酮3.称出85g具有所需硬度的水加入到150ml Pyrex烧杯中。(在这种情况下,水硬度为100ppm或200ppm,尽管也可使用其它水平的水硬度)4.加入涂覆有特氟隆(聚四氟乙烯)的搅拌棒。5.用加热板将带有搅拌棒的烧杯中的水加热至37℃,其中所述加热板可由所附带的热电偶来控制,并且设定所述搅拌棒为350rpm。6.将烧杯从加热板上移开并加入15g待测产品。7.将烧杯放回加热板上并继续保持温度为37℃。8.用搅拌棒以450rpm搅拌6分钟。9.停止搅拌并关掉加热板,但是保持烧杯在加热板上。在本工艺的剩余时间里应使温度不降至约33℃以下。10.以任意角度(一般为约10°至约30°)将4块预称重的(pre-weighed)载玻片置于溶液中以使其彼此不相接触,并且不直接平行于烧杯的侧壁。这用于使载玻片暴露于液体的面积最大化。另外,采用本技术淹没载玻片长度的约2/3来模拟淋浴环境中会存在的部分地暴露于液体的状态。11.使载玻片置于溶液中10分钟。12.用镊子将载玻片从溶液中移出(提起),并旋转180度,再放回到上述溶液中。13.再将载玻片置于溶液中10分钟。14.用镊子将载玻片从溶液中移出(提起),并使载玻片向一个角度排干约5秒,接着使载玻片的角接触到烧杯的边缘以去除过量的流体,而不会严重扰动载玻片的表面。15.将载玻片置于下面放有吸水纸的载玻片夹持器中以使载玻片表面的扰动最小化,并使其在室温下风干至少24小时。16.称量载玻片并与洗涤前重量相比较以确定粘附在载玻片上的残留物的量。17.通过将残留物的重量(mg)除以载玻片的总表面积(约39.7cm2)而把残留物的重量换算成mg/cm2。18.计算出每个产品处理的平均mg/cm2和标准偏差,采用斯图登t检验法(student t-test)进行统计学分析。
结果总结于表1。表1
配方 | 配方中的%矿脂/润肤剂 | 水硬度(ppm) | 玻璃上的矿脂沉积量mg/cm2 | StDev |
组合物1 | 5 | 100 | 0.62 | 0.19 |
组合物1 | 5 | 200 | 0.64 | 0.22 |
组合物2 | 1.5 | 200 | 0.17 | 0.06 |
组合物3 | 5 | 200 | 0.59 | 0.21 |
组合物4 | 8 | 200 | 0.87 | 0.24 |
组合物X | 估计值48% | 100 | 2.44 | 0.52 |
组合物X | 估计值48% | 200 | 2.10 | 1.28 |
上述组合物1-4的组成总结于表2。表2
组合物1 | 组合物2 | 组合物3 | 组合物4 | |
成分 | Wt% | Wt% | Wt% | Wt% |
去离子水 | 64.29 | 68.78 | 63.73 | 61.58 |
甘油 | 2.50 | - | 2.50 | 2.50 |
LaponiteTM XLG | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
PEG 400 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
C12-C14醇EO 2∶1硫酸钠(70%) | 9.37 | 9.37 | 9.37 | 9.37 |
AculynTM 88 | 4.25 | 4.25 | 4.25 | 4.25 |
EDTA四钠(62%) | 0.10 | - | 0.10 | 0.10 |
EDTA四钠(39%) | - | 0.23 | - | |
DMDM乙内酰脲 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
氢氧化钠(50%) | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.70 | 0.35 |
椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱(30%) | 8.65 | 8.65 | 8.65 | 8.65 |
PolyQuat 7 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 |
向日葵油 | 1.50 | 3.00 | 1.50 | 1.00 |
矿脂 | 5.00 | 1.50 | 5.00 | 8.00 |
马来酸化蓖麻油(CeraphylTM RMT) | 0.10 | - | 0.10 | 0.10 |
香料 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
PPG-10甲基葡萄糖醚 | - | - | 0.20 | 0.20 |
色素 | 0.70 | - | 0.10 | 0.10 |
水果提取物 | 0.05 | - | - | - |
组合物X是Olay Ribbons沐浴油产品,可购自The Procter&Gamble Company(宝洁公司),Cincinnati,Ohio,USA,组合物X具有下述被标明的组成:水、矿脂、十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(SodiumTrideceth Sulfate)、矿物油、N-月桂酰胺基乙基-N-羟乙基氨基乙酸钠(Sodium Lauroampho-acetate)、氯化钠、椰油酰胺MEA、香料、甜杏仁油、水解丝、瓜尔羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(GuarHydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride)、甘油、柠檬酸、DMDM乙内酰脲、丙烯腈/甲基丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、异戊烷、苯甲酸钠、PEG-90M、EDTA二钠、氢氧化钠、红7(Red 7)。
Claims (8)
1.一种测量组合物留在载污体上的残留物的方法,所述方法包括:
a)提供载污体;
b)称量所述载污体,获得初始重量;
c)提供装在容器中含有已测定量的具有所需硬度的水和已测定量的待测组合物的混合物;
d)将所述载污体浸没在所述混合物中达到足以使所述组合物润湿所述载污体的时间;
e)移出所述载污体并使过量混合物流出所述载污体;
f)干燥所述载污体;以及
g)称量所述载污体,获得最终重量;
所述方法还包括将初始重量和最终重量相比较以确定粘附在载污体上的残留物重量,
其中所述组合物是个人清洁组合物,所述载污体由选自玻璃、陶瓷制品、瓷器、瓷砖、丙烯酸类和玻璃纤维的材料构成。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述方法在步骤a)和步骤b)之间还包括如下漂洗和干燥所述载污体:在室温下,依次在下列试剂i)~iv)中漂洗所述载污体:
i)自来水,然后
ii)去离子水,然后
iii)200烈度的乙醇,然后
iv)试剂级丙酮;
随后风干所述载污体。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中,为了提供步骤c)装在容器中的所述混合物,所述方法还包括:
i)测量加入所述容器中的具有所需硬度的水的量;
ii)向所述容器中插入混合器;
iii)调节所述容器和水至所需温度;
iv)加入待测组合物,形成混合物;
v)混合所述混合物;
vi)任选调节所述混合物至所需温度;以及
vii)停止混合。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中,在浸没步骤d)中,如果载污体未完全浸没在所述混合物中,那么首先将载污体部分地浸没,然后从所述混合物中移出,旋转180度,再放回到所述混合物中,再次使其部分地浸没在所述混合物中。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述方法还包括:将残留物的重量除以载污体的总表面积以求出每单位面积的载污体上残留物的单位重量。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中所述方法用于与在浴室使用个人清洁组合物时所述组合物留在卫生洁具上的残留物的量相关联。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中所述方法包括:
a.选择载玻片,尺寸大约为7.56cm×2.49cm×0.1cm,重量大约为4.5g;
b.在室温下,依次在下列试剂i~iv中漂洗所述载玻片:
i.自来水,
ii.去离子水(小于1μSem),
iii.200烈度的乙醇,和
iv.试剂级丙酮;
c.称量载玻片,获得初始重量;
d.称出85g具有所需硬度的水加入到150ml烧杯中;
e.插入涂覆有聚四氟乙烯的搅拌棒;
f.用加热板将带有搅拌棒的烧杯中的水加热至37℃,所述加热板由所附加的热电偶来控制,并且设定所述搅拌棒为350rpm;
g.将烧杯从加热板上移开;
h.加入15g待测组合物;
i.将烧杯放回加热板上并且继续保持温度为37℃;
j.用搅拌棒以450rpm搅拌6分钟;
k.停止搅拌并关掉加热板,但是保持烧杯在加热板上;
l.在本方法的剩余时间里应使温度不降至33℃以下;
m.以角度10°至30°将4块经步骤a)至步骤c)处理过的载玻片置于溶液中以使其彼此不相接触,并且不直接平行于烧杯的侧壁,并且放置深度为淹没载玻片长度的2/3;
n.使载玻片置于溶液中10分钟;
o.将载玻片从溶液中移出,并旋转180度,接着如步骤m)所述,将其放回到该溶液中;
p.又使载玻片置于溶液中10分钟;
q.将载玻片从溶液中移出,并使载玻片朝一个角排干约5秒,接着使载玻片的这个角接触到烧杯的边缘以去除过量的流体,而不会扰动载玻片的表面;
r.将载玻片置于下面放有吸水纸的载玻片夹持器以使载玻片表面的扰动最小化,并使其在室温下风干至少24小时;以及
s.称量载玻片,获得最终重量。
8.权利要求7的方法,所述方法还包括:
t.将最终重量与初始重量相比较以确定粘附在载玻片上的残留物的量;
u.通过将残留物的重量除以载玻片的总表面积而把残留物的重量换算成mg/cm2;
v.计算出每个组合物处理的平均mg/cm2和标准偏差。
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PCT/US2008/057814 WO2008116147A2 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2008-03-21 | Structured compositions comprising a clay |
PCT/US2008/067991 WO2009117013A1 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2008-06-24 | Method of measuring deposition onto a substrate |
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BR112012015733A2 (pt) * | 2009-12-23 | 2019-04-24 | Colgate Palmolive Co | composições visualmente padronizadas e orientadas |
CN101829031B (zh) * | 2010-07-06 | 2012-04-18 | 青岛科技大学 | 一种宠物用香波的制备方法 |
RU2593784C2 (ru) | 2010-12-09 | 2016-08-10 | Колгейт-Палмолив Компани | Очищающая композиция |
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