CN101680552B - 高速飞轮的密封件 - Google Patents

高速飞轮的密封件 Download PDF

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CN101680552B
CN101680552B CN2008800148069A CN200880014806A CN101680552B CN 101680552 B CN101680552 B CN 101680552B CN 2008800148069 A CN2008800148069 A CN 2008800148069A CN 200880014806 A CN200880014806 A CN 200880014806A CN 101680552 B CN101680552 B CN 101680552B
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乔纳森·詹姆士·罗伯特·希尔顿
道格拉斯·艾萨克·拉塞尔斯·克罗斯
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/002—Sealings comprising at least two sealings in succession
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30—Flywheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/40—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/162—Special parts or details relating to lubrication or cooling of the sealing itself
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3204—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip
    • F16J15/3232—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip having two or more lips
    • F16J15/3236—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip having two or more lips with at least one lip for each surface, e.g. U-cup packings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/324—Arrangements for lubrication or cooling of the sealing itself
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3248—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings provided with casings or supports
    • F16J15/3252—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings provided with casings or supports with rigid casings or supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
    • F16J15/3404—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal
    • F16J15/3408—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface
    • F16J15/3412—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface with cavities
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/30—Sealing arrangements
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
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Abstract

一种用于安装在轴上并包括真空芯的高速飞轮的密封件，该密封件具有两个外壳部分和形成在所述外壳部分之间的腔，唇形密封设在腔的任何一侧上，唇形密封接触并环绕所述轴，其中，油基流体能够通过填充嘴管被注入到所述腔中，并且在流体的注入过程中，空气能够通过排放嘴管从所述腔排出，从而流体能够对轴形成气密密封，并且注入到所述腔中的流体在真空飞轮芯的压力下不会蒸发。

Description

高速飞轮的密封件
技术领域
本发明涉及飞轮，特别涉及用于车辆中的高速飞轮。
背景技术
飞轮典型地包括较重的质量，安装在轴上并被设置为与轴一起旋转。飞轮在车辆中的使用是已知的，例如用作车辆加速或减速的辅助设备。还已知的是将飞轮用于能量存储器，从而飞轮的动能被转化为电能。飞轮的动能与转动惯量以及角速度的平方直接成比例。在车辆中用于能量存储器的飞轮必须实现质量、惯量和转速的最佳平衡。飞轮被制造成旋转的越快，对于给定存储容量将越小且越轻。
高速飞轮通常被包含在施加真空的闭合罩内，从而减小由阻力引起的能量损失，并防止飞轮的温度由于与周围空气摩擦上升过高。
当飞轮被包含在真空的外壳中，必须在外壳和轴之间提供密封件以允许真空被保持在外壳内。目前已知的用于其上支撑有飞轮的轴的密封件仅适用于在小于20,000rpm转速下旋转的轴。
目前已知的用于飞轮轴的密封件的示例为铁磁流体密封件，其中油基流体掺杂有铁颗粒，并且设有磁体以将流体在围绕轴的环带中保持就位。流体形成密封，从而保持飞轮外壳内的真空。
铁磁流体密封件的效率由于流体中掺杂有铁颗粒受到限制，这增加了流体的粘性。而且，轴必须由特定等级的不锈钢形成，从而限制了轴的强度。尽管为了使飞轮操作时的阻力和热生成最小化而必须使轴的直径最小化，对于给定的轴材料，直径必须足以使轴足够坚固来支撑飞轮和/或传递所需转矩。
目前已知飞轮密封件的另一个问题是，当飞轮在高速下操作时，由于产生的热不能够被充分耗散，经常发生过热。
本发明的目的是为了在高速即超过20,000的速度下旋转的飞轮和轴之间提供密封件，以使真空能够被保持在飞轮外壳内。
发明内容
于是，本发明提供如所附权利要求的权利要求1所要求的用于高速飞轮的密封件。
本发明的一个优点是，密封流体被有效地冷却，并且减小过热的可能性，因此使得所述密封件能够用于在超过20,000rpm的速度下操作的飞轮。应理解的是所述密封件也将在低速下操作。
在本发明中，转矩传递轴的材料不限于特定等级的不锈钢。因此可以使用高强度的材料，从而允许轴的直径能够被最小化，并相应地使阻力和热生成最小化，由此提高飞轮的效率，并减小所述密封件过热的可能性。
而且，本发明中使用的密封流体不需要掺杂有铁颗粒，因此可使用比目前已知的流体具有更低粘性的流体。
流体可以在原地，即一旦飞轮被安装在轴上通过填充嘴管被注入到密封腔中。当腔被流体填充的同时，空气能够通过排放嘴管从所述腔排出。
优选地，所述密封件包括设有孔的插入件，其中所述孔的大小决定环形腔的体积，并相应地确定必须注入以填充所述腔的油的量。所述孔优选为圆形，并可以被形成为与所述插入件的外径不同心，并因此与其上支撑有飞轮的轴不同心。因此流体腔也与所述轴不同心，当飞轮操作时有利地引导流体流动，从而增加流体和外壳之间的热量的热传递，并相应地减小所述密封件过热的可能性。
活塞可以被设置在所述密封件的第一外壳部分中。当在飞轮操作中流体变热时活塞能够根据流体的膨胀移动，从而防止当流体变热时在流体中积累超压。所述活塞还能够用于平衡所述密封件内的压力与所述密封件外的气压，从而保持第一唇形密封上的零压降。因此，由于所述密封件内的压力等于周围压力，将不会发生周围空气泄漏到密封腔中。
优选地，本发明中使用的流体不会在飞轮的真空芯的压力下蒸发。因此，如果流体被导致渗漏到真空飞轮芯，由于流体不会在真空飞轮芯内蒸发，因此不会引起真空损失。
所述密封件的外壳可以由例如铝的具有良好导热性的轻合金制造。在重量不重要的位置可以使用例如铜的具有良好导热性的其它材料。因此，与目前已知的由磁体和钢包围并比轻合金表现出更低导热性的铁磁流体型密封件相比，密封流体的冷却更加有效。
唇形密封的特色是由包括PTFE的共混聚合物制成的密封唇。
附图说明
下面将以示例的方式并参照附图对本发明的实施例进行描述，其中：
图1是根据本发明的飞轮密封件的侧视图。
图2是图1的飞轮密封件沿线II-II的剖视图。
图3是图2的飞轮密封件沿线III-III的剖视图。
图4是根据本发明的飞轮密封件的可替代实施例的剖视图。
具体实施方式
参见图2，密封件2对转矩传递轴4提供气密密封。该密封件包括由第一外壳部分6和第二外壳部分8形成的轻合金外壳。第一外壳部分6和第二外壳部分8具有互补的阶梯型轮廓10、12，使得第一外壳部分6装配到第二外壳部分8中。
在组装的飞轮上，第一外壳部分6从飞轮朝向外并且是可触及的。第二外壳部分8朝向内进入真空飞轮芯中，因此是不可触及的。
第一外壳部分6装配到第二外壳部分8，以使在所述外壳之间形成空间14。环形肩16、18形成在第一外壳部分6和第二外壳部分8中，以分别容纳第一改良PTFE唇形密封20和第二改良PTFE唇形密封22。每个环形肩16、18的深度大体上等于唇形密封20、22的宽度，使得唇形密封20、22不会紧密接触空间14。
环形插入件24a被设置在空间14中。该插入件的外径26使得其装配到第二外壳部分8中。参见图3，轴穿过插入件24a的中心。
环形腔30形成在唇形密封20、22之间。该腔被唇形密封20、22，外壳部分6、8和插入件24限制。插入件24a用作体积缩减器，其中环形腔的体积是外壳部分20、22之间的空间的体积减去插入件24a的体积。
密封件2被安装在轴4上，使得轴4穿过外壳部分6、8，唇形密封20、22以及插入件24a的中心。
唇形密封20、22被设置成唇形密封的唇32、34指向环形腔30并与轴4接触。
腔30通过填充嘴管36填充有油基流体40(图3)。当流体被注入的同时，空气能够通过排放嘴管38从腔30排出。一旦腔30充满流体40，流体40对轴4形成密封。第一唇形密封20将流体40与周围空气分离，并且第二唇形密封22将流体40与真空飞轮芯分离。
由于填充嘴管36和排放嘴管38从飞轮朝向外并且是可触及的，流体40能够在原地，即在飞轮被安装到轴4上之后被注入到腔30中。由环绕轴4的流体40形成密封；同时唇形密封20、22防止流体40从腔30向外并沿着轴4渗漏。
当飞轮在高速下操作时，流体40还提供润滑和冷却，以防止唇形密封20、22过热。由流体40吸收的热利用传导通过外壳部分6、8耗散。
活塞42被设置在第一外壳部分6内。当在飞轮操作中流体40变热时活塞能够根据流体40的膨胀移动，从而防止当流体40变热时在流体40内积累超压。活塞42还用于平衡密封件内的压力与密封件外的气压，从而保持第一唇形密封20上的零压降。因此，由于腔30内的压力等于周围压力，从而防止周围空气泄漏到腔30中。第二唇形密封22用于保持1bar的压降。然而，如果任何流体40被引起从腔30渗漏，通过第二唇形密封22渗漏到真空飞轮芯中，由于流体在真空芯的压力下不会蒸发，因此将不会引起真空损失。
密封件2可以根据需要包括可替代的插入件24。由于插入件24减小腔30的体积，更大的插入件将占据腔30的更大部分，从而减少填充腔30所需的流体40的量。
在图4所示的可替代实施例中，环形插入件24b的中心的形状能够被设置为与插入件24b的外径26不同心。因此当装配飞轮和密封件时，插入件24的中心和其中注入有流体40的腔30与轴4不同心。于是当飞轮操作时，流体流动将被引导到腔30中，从而防止在特定区域聚集热，并使流体的温度梯度最小化。相应地改善了流体40和外壳部分6、8之间的热量的热传递。

Claims (9)

1.一种包括密封件的高速飞轮，其中所述飞轮安装在轴上并包括真空芯，并且所述密封件包括外壳和在所述外壳内的腔，设置在所述腔的任一侧上的唇形密封，所述唇形密封接触并环绕所述轴，所述腔具有能够填充有流体的体积，用于将流体注入到所述腔中的装置，以及用于在将所述流体注入到所述腔中的过程中允许空气从所述腔中排出的装置，从而所述流体能够对所述轴形成气密密封；并且注入到所述腔中的所述流体在所述真空芯的压力下不会蒸发。
2.根据权利要求1所述的飞轮，其中提供具有孔的环形插入件被提供用于减小所述腔的所述体积。
3.根据权利要求2所述的飞轮，其中所述插入件的孔为圆形。
4.根据权利要求3所述的飞轮，其中所述孔与所述轴不同心。
5.根据权利要求1所述的飞轮，其中提供有活塞，所述活塞能够根据所述流体的膨胀移动。
6.根据权利要求1所述的飞轮，其中所述外壳至少部分地由轻合金制成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的飞轮，其中所述轻合金是铝。
8.根据权利要求1所述的飞轮，其中所述唇形密封由包括PTFE的共混聚合物制成。
9.一种形成用于安装在轴上的飞轮的密封件的方法，所述飞轮包括真空芯和密封件，所述密封件包括外壳和在所述外壳内的腔，填充嘴管和排放嘴管，所述腔位于与所述轴接触的两个唇形密封之间，该方法包括以下步骤：
打开填充嘴管和排放嘴管；
将流体注入到所述填充嘴管中，直到形成在与所述轴接触的两个唇形密封之间的腔被填满，其中当流体被注入到所述腔中时，空气通过所述排放嘴管从所述腔中排出；
以及
关闭所述填充嘴管和所述排放嘴管；
从而所述流体对所述轴形成气密密封，并且注入到所述腔中的所述流体在所述真空芯的压力下不会蒸发。
CN2008800148069A 2007-05-04 2008-03-28 高速飞轮的密封件 Expired - Fee Related CN101680552B (zh)

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