CN1016606B - 一种陶瓷粉末 - Google Patents

一种陶瓷粉末

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Publication number
CN1016606B
CN1016606B CN86104984A CN86104984A CN1016606B CN 1016606 B CN1016606 B CN 1016606B CN 86104984 A CN86104984 A CN 86104984A CN 86104984 A CN86104984 A CN 86104984A CN 1016606 B CN1016606 B CN 1016606B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
orders
ceramic powder
raw material
black
crushed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CN86104984A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN86104984A (zh
Inventor
曹树梁
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shandong Providence New Materials Institute
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Shandong Providence New Materials Institute
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shandong Providence New Materials Institute filed Critical Shandong Providence New Materials Institute
Publication of CN86104984A publication Critical patent/CN86104984A/zh
Publication of CN1016606B publication Critical patent/CN1016606B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0009—Pigments for ceramics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
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    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
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Abstract

本发明公开一种陶瓷粉末及其制备方法。本发明的方法使用提钒尾渣或硫铁矿烧渣和铬渣工业废料，加入或不加入添加剂为原料，采用本领域的常规工艺和设备，由于这些原料非常便宜，而且容易得到，因此，大大降低了生产陶瓷粉末的成本。该陶瓷粉末除了应用制造陶瓷制品外，还广泛应用于着色剂，塑料，橡胶的填充料，涂料。

Description

发明所述领域
本发明涉及黑色陶瓷粉末材料。更具体地讲。本发明涉及用提钒尾渣或硫铁矿烧渣和铬渣工业废料生产黑色陶瓷粉末材料的方法。本发明还涉及用上述方法生产的陶瓷粉末。
发明背景
从天然陶瓷材料生产日用普通陶瓷已有几千年的历史。但是用工业产品原料生产具有特殊性质的陶瓷仅是近几十年的事。为满足社会的需要，人们一直致力于开发新的陶瓷材料。目前，加到陶瓷材料中以制造陶瓷体的黑色色素是用铁、锰、铬、钴、镍等金属氧化物制备，塑料、橡胶等的填充剂，一般用石粉、碳酸钙，这些工业产品价格很高，以致于很难甚至不可能大量生产黑色陶瓷制品，因此，采用低成本大量生产黑色陶瓷粉末材料，多年来一直是本技术领域的专家们研究和探索的课题。
本发明人意外地发现，提钒尾渣或硫铁矿烧渣和铬渣工业废料能在这一方面有重要的使用价值。
发明目的
本发明的目的之一是提供一种以目前大量堆积的提钒尾渣或硫铁矿烧渣和铬渣工业废料。加入或不加入添加剂来制造黑色陶瓷粉末的方法，本发明的目的之二是提供一种用含有Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe之和大于20或Ti、V、Cr、Mn之和大于3（本说明书均以氧化物重量%计）的提钒尾渣或硫铁矿烧渣和铬渣生产的黑色陶瓷粉末材料，本发明的目的之三是提供用该陶瓷粉末作为黑色着色剂，黑色塑料、橡胶的填充剂、涂料。
发明的构成
本发明的方法最重要的特殊性在于，使用的原料非常非常便宜，非常容易得到。根据本发明，选用含有钛、钒、铬、锰之和大于3或钛、钒、铬、锰、铁之和大于20的提钒尾渣或硫铁矿烧渣和铬渣工业废料，加入添加剂，但也可以不加入添加剂为原料，除了原料的特征之外，本领域的常规工艺和设备都可以应用。本发明所说的添加剂是指各种普通粘土、瓷土、瓷石、陶土、耐火粘土、页岩、煤矸石、赤泥、硼泥、钛渣、柠檬渣、糖醛渣以及甲基纤维素、淀粉、阿拉伯树胶、水玻璃或某种废渣、天然矿物、粘结剂。
按照本发明所说的提钒尾渣或硫铁矿烧渣和铬渣工业废料，目前很多的厂矿企业均有大量堆积。堆积的这些工业废料导致了环境问题，它们不但不能作为商品出售，而且要花很多的钱去治理，用于生产本发明的陶瓷粉末材料的工艺过程可以是任何常规的工艺，例如可以是：
1.将上述工业废料混合粉碎至小于20目，一般为100至400目。
2.将上述工业废料在普通窑炉或回转窑内经大于800℃一般为1000至1400℃煅烧1分钟以上，一般为1至60分钟，出炉后粉碎至小于20目，一般为100至400目。
将上述工业废料粉碎至小于20目，一般为100至400目，加入（也可以不加入）添加剂以粉状、块状或浆状在普通窑炉或回转窑内经大于800℃，一般为1000至1400℃煅烧1分钟以 上，一般为1至60分钟，出炉后粉碎至小于20目，一般为100至400目。
本发明所述的陶瓷粉末除了直接制造陶瓷制品外还有多种用途。例如：
1.一般用碳黑或Fe、Mn、Cr、Co、Ni等金属氧化物作为常温下使用的黑色着色剂和黑色釉料、搪瓷着色剂。本发明所述的陶瓷粉末的黑度接近碳黑，可用作常温下使用的黑色着色剂和釉料、搪瓷着色剂，成本低廉。
2.一般用石粉、碳酸钙等作为塑料、橡胶等的填充剂，黑色塑料、橡胶制品另加碳黑作为着色剂。本发明所述的陶瓷粉末可同时取代塑料、橡胶中的填充剂和碳黑。
3.一般窑炉内壁为耐火砖，窑内热量大量被热气流带走。本发明所述陶瓷粉末涂层吸热，辐射性能优于普通耐火砖，作为窑炉内壁，挡火墙的表面层能较多吸收热气流中的热量，并以辐射形式传递给加热对象，使热气流带走的热量相应减少，从而节约能源。
提钒尾渣是这样产生的：钒钛磁铁矿经熔炼得到含钒铁水，含钒铁水经吹炼得到钒渣，钒渣加入辅料进行焙烧，将焙烧料进行浸取提钒，所剩余的残渣即为提钒尾渣，由于钒铁磁铁矿产地不同和生产工艺的差别，所产生的提钒尾渣化学成分也有一些差别，一般提钒尾渣的化学成分为（%）（表1见文后）
最佳实施例的说明
例1：将提钒尾渣粉碎至160目，即成为陶瓷粉末。
例2：将提钒尾渣直接经1250℃煅烧5分钟，取出后粉碎至160目即成为陶瓷粉末。
例3：将提钒尾渣粉碎至160目，加水做成厚度为15mm左右块状，干燥后放入电炉内经1300℃煅烧5分钟，取出后粉碎至160目即成为陶瓷粉末。
例4：将硫铁矿烧渣干法粉碎至160目，取2份，将铬渣湿法粉碎至140目，取1份（折合为干渣重量）用搅拌机混合均匀，用挤制机制成直径为10mm的泥条，干燥后折断成长度为15至20mm圆柱状颗粒，将其连续放入回转窑中，经1220℃煅烧5至10分钟，将得到的陶瓷团粒粉碎至160目即成为陶瓷粉末。
表1
Fe2O3TiO2MnO2V2O5Cr2O3SiO2Al2O3
50-70    4-10    2-8    0.5-2    0.002-5    8-26    1-5
CaO MgO K2O Na2O
0.5-3    0.5-3    0.01-2    2-6

Claims (3)

1、一种黑色陶瓷粉末，其特征在于该粉末是使用含有(氧化物重量%)Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe之和大于20或Ti、V、Cr、Mn之和大于3的提钒尾渣或硫铁矿烧渣和铬渣工业废料，加入或不加入添加剂为原料，并采用
a.将所述原料直接粉碎至100～400目，或将所述原料粉碎至小于20目，一般为100～400目后，加入(也可不加入)添加剂以粉状，块状或浆状在普通窑炉或回转窑内经800～1400℃煅烧1～60分钟，出炉后粉碎至100～400目
b.或者将所述原料在普通窑炉或回转窑内经800～1400℃煅烧1～60分钟，出炉后粉碎至100～400目
的方法得到的粉末。
2、按照权利要求1所述的黑色陶瓷粉末，其特征在于所说的添加剂是指各种普通粘土、瓷土、瓷石、陶土、耐火粘土、页岩、煤矸石、赤泥、硼泥、钛渣、柠檬渣、糖醛渣以及甲基纤维素、淀粉、阿拉伯树胶、水玻璃或某种废渣、天然矿物、粘结剂。
3、权利要求1所述的黑色陶瓷粉末，作为黑色陶瓷原料或黑色着色剂或黑色塑料、橡胶的填充剂或黑色涂料使用。
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