CN101605950A - 改进的楼板嵌板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种建筑用夹层板构件(10),其尤其适于用作楼板嵌板,其包括第一、第二外金属板(11、12)和芯体(13),所述芯体被结合到所述外金属板(11、12)、并被设置成用以转移其间的剪切力,其中所述芯体(13)包括:内芯体,所述内芯体包括波形金属板(15)和在波形之内的填充材料(16);以及塑料或聚合体材料型外芯体层,所述外芯体层被结合到所述波形金属板的部分(15a)和所述外金属板。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及楼板嵌板,特别是用于建筑物的楼板嵌板。
背景技术
许多现代建筑物由支撑位于各楼板平面的水平横梁的钢或增强混凝土支柱构架构成。然后楼板嵌板被放置在横梁上或者与横梁形成组合件从而构成各楼板。楼板嵌板可以为10m×2.5m的量级,使得四个面板填充框架中的一10m×10m正方形隔间,并彼此连接或在它们的边缘或端部连接至横梁。按照惯例,这种楼板嵌板由增强或预应力混凝土制成,尽管也已经建议使用拉挤纤维增强复合物。楼板也可与混凝土浇铸到位或者有复合物结构制成,例如,具有混凝土装饰板的预成型金属甲板。这种类型的混凝土楼板嵌板笨重而加大了必须由构架承载的载荷,并且厚达30cm而减小了楼板的数量、进而减小了在建筑物的给定高度中可获得的可用面积。
在文献US 5,778,813和US 6,050,208中描述了建筑用的夹层板构件,通过引用将这些文献并入此处,其中的建筑用的夹层板构件包括与中间弹性芯体(例如,不发泡聚亚安酯)结合在一起的外金属(例如,钢)板。这些夹层板系统可以用在许多形式的结构中来取代加劲钢板(stiffened steel plate)、型钢板(formed steel plate)、增强混凝土或复合钢混凝土结构,并简化合成结构,提高强度和结构性能(例如,硬度、阻尼特性),同时减轻重量。这些建筑用夹层板构件在文献WO 01/32414中有描述,也通过引用的方式并入此处。如其中所述,泡沫体可被结合到芯体层中以减小重量,并且可以增加横向金属剪切板以增强硬度。
根据文献WO 01/32414的教导,泡沫体可以是空心的或实心的。空心体较大地减轻重量因此有利。该文献中所描述的形体不限于由重量轻的泡沫材料制成,也可由其它材料制成,例如,木质或钢质盒(steel box)、塑料推挤型材(plastic extruded shapes)和空心塑料球。
然而,目前已知的建筑用夹层板的形体中没有一种特别适合于形成建筑物的楼板。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种建筑用夹层板构件,其特备适合于用在建筑物楼板中。
根据本发明,提供一种建筑用夹层板构件,其包括第一、第二外金属板和芯体,所述芯体被结合到所述外金属板、并被设置成用以转移其间的剪切力,其中所述芯体包括:内芯体,所述内芯体包括波形金属板和在波形之内的填充材料;以及塑料或聚合体材料型外芯体层,所述外芯体层被结合到所述波形金属板的部分和所述外金属板。
由于外芯体既被结合到波形金属板的部分也被结合到外金属板,其提供了用于转移外力、尤其外金属板之间的剪切力的路径。同时,芯体的体积的大部分可由重量相对较轻(与外芯体材料相比)的填充材料构成,以便板构件的总重量大大减小。
本发明的内部复合芯体可使抗剪切性增强而降低载荷下的变形、振动性能增强(加速度减小、抗燃性增强、和/或附加声阻尼)。
本发明的建筑用夹层板构件的材料、尺寸和常规性能可以根据该建筑用夹层板构件将被投放的特殊用途的需要而被选择,通常可以为如文献US-5,778,813和US-6,050,208中所述。钢或不钢锈通常以0.5至20mm的厚度使用,而铝可以用在需要重量轻的地方。同样,塑料或聚合体芯体可以是任何适宜的材料,例如,诸如如US-5,778,813和US-6,050,208中所描述的聚亚安酯的弹性体,优选是密实性的,即非泡沫体。该芯体优选为热硬化性的而非热塑性的材料。
附图说明
下面将参照示例性实施例和附图描述本发明,其中:
图1是根据本发明实施例的建筑用夹层板构件的剖面图;
图2是制造根据本发明的楼板嵌板的方法的流程图;
图3是示出了根据本发明实施例的两个建筑用夹层板构件的连接的局部剖面图;
图4是示出了根据本发明实施例的建筑用夹层板构件与横梁的连接的局部剖面图;
图5是由根据本发明实施例的建筑用夹层板构件构成的楼板的平面图;以及
图6是是示出了根据本发明实施例的两个建筑用夹层板构件的另一连接的局部剖面图。
具体实施方式
在各图中,相同的部件用附图标记表示。
图1所示的建筑用夹层板构件(或嵌板)包括上、下外板(面板)11、12,所述外板可以为钢或铝,并且厚度例如在0.5至8mm的范围中,优选为1至5mm,最优选1至2.5mm。边缘板、轧制结构型材、推挤结构型材或周边杆件(perimeter bars)被设置在面板11、12之间绕面板11、12的外围形成封闭腔体。在面板11、12之间的腔体中是复合芯体13。该芯体的厚度可以在15至200mm范围中,在许多应用中25至100mm是适当的。平面图中的板构件总尺寸可以为1至5m宽×5至15m长。优选尺寸为2.5m×10m。
板构件可以被制成标准尺寸或定制成特定形状和/或尺寸。
芯体13包括为塑料或聚合体材料(优选为热固树脂、诸如上述的聚亚安酯的密实弹性体)的外芯体层14,所述外芯体层14被以足够的强度被结合到面板11、12、并具有足够的机械特性来转移使用中所预料的剪切力。外芯体层14与面板11、12之间的结合强度应该大于3MPa、优选6MPa,并且芯体材料的弹性模量应该大于200MPa,优选大于250MPa。对于低载荷应用,典型的使用和居住载荷为1.4kPa至7.2kPa的量级时,基于与适于所有预期载荷(包括使用和居住载荷、结构载荷和风、地震、以及温度载荷)的结构相关的安全指数,结合强度可以较低,例如约1.0MPa,但足以提供所需的抵抗。
芯体13的内部部件是具有波形(corrugation)的波形金属(例如,钢)板15,该波形金属板至少局部被泡沫或其它重量轻的填充材料16填充。优选地,波形基本被完全填充以便包括波形板15和填充材料16的内芯体呈现大体平的外表面。波形板可以具有压纹(embossment)或孔以增大与其所结合的泡沫或弹性体的复合作用。填充材料不需要明显对嵌板的强度有贡献,因此许多材料适宜。与外芯体层14的材料相比,填充材料应该具有较低的密度,优选小于外芯体层14的材料的密度的50%,更优选小于25%,最优选小于10%。开孔和闭孔泡沫都可以使用,但如果该嵌板通过注射法(见下文)制造,则闭孔泡沫可以被优选来限制外芯体层13的材料的进入,并且这时理想的是在铸造过程中填充材料具有足够的强度来大体保持其形状。适宜的填充材料是密度为40至50kg/m3的聚丙烯泡沫。该填充材料优选被浇铸到波形钢板上。而且,预成型泡沫部分可以被粘到波形金属板。填充材料优选包含阻燃剂,以便其在有关建筑物规范所规定的燃火条件下不点燃。诸如陶瓷涂层等的其他材料可以被插入芯体中或被结合到波形金属板以起热阻的作用,由此增强板构件的抗燃性。
设置波形板15和填充物16,以便在芯体的内部部件的主面上,波形板15的部分15a被暴露并以与外芯体和面板之间的结合相同的强度被结合到外芯体层14。波形板15在各主面的暴露部分15a的总面积足以将剪切力通过弹性体从面板转移到波形金属板、并使面板稳固以防止局部弯曲。该总面积优选在面的总面积的10至45%的范围中,更有选在20至40%的范围中,最优选在25至35%的范围中。如果嵌板是细长形的,则波形板的波形优选大体平行于嵌板的最长尺寸延伸,图1是嵌板的侧向横截面。暴露部分15a这时是细长条、并在平行于嵌板的主面的平面中可以具有在50mm至200mm范围中的宽度。
波形板可以具有在0.5mm至5mm范围中的厚度,并且可以是穿孔的,尤其在连接板(web)15b中,以促进填充材料浇铸到波形板上。诸如粘附性、粗糙化、清洁或压纹这样的表面处理可被应用于波形金属板以增强其对外芯体层13和/或填充材料16的结合。
如所示,外芯体层覆盖内芯体部件13的主(顶和底)面以及侧面,但在某些应用中,可以不必要外芯体层呈现在内芯体部件的所有侧面。
由于芯体13,建筑用夹层板构件具有加劲钢板的强度和载荷承载能力,其中的加劲钢板具有非常大的板厚和显著的额外加劲。外芯体层14和波形板15起转移外金属板11、12之间的剪切力的作用。内芯体的每一侧的外芯体层的厚度优选10mm或更大,并且厚度可以在总芯体厚度的10和25%之间。
作为楼板嵌板,板优选呈现大体平的上表面,但下表面不必是平的,任一或两个表面可以设有凹口(recess)、沟道(trench)、凹槽(groove)或开孔来容纳公共设施用导管和出口(utility conduits and outlets)。竖直和水平通道也都可以设置在楼板嵌板内用于公共设施用导管。图2中示出了制造根据本发明的楼板嵌板的优选方法。这优选被离线(off-site)执行并涉及:将填充材料16浇铸到波形板15上,S1;将外金属层11、12和内芯体15、16放置到模具中,以间隔来限定各顶板和内芯体之间的腔体,S2;通过注射端口向腔体中注入聚合体材料的液体塑料,S3;以及使得或允许聚合体材料的塑料硬化来形成外芯体层14,S4。
边缘板、周边杆件或者轧制或推挤结构型材22可以被设置在嵌板的边缘周围。单个连续腔体可以沿内芯体15、16周围延伸并穿过其两个主面延伸而形成。可选地,内芯体15、16可以延伸至嵌板的边缘,以便形成两个分离的腔体,其中一个在内芯体的各主面上延伸。如上所述,优选材料是聚亚安酯弹性体,其通过注入两种组分的混合物而形成,这两种组分在腔体中反应以形成聚亚安酯。
硬化之后,注射端口和通风孔被例如用螺纹塞填塞,并且置于地上与外金属板的表面齐平。应注意即使单个连续腔体在注射之前被提供,然而多注射端口和通风孔可以被设置以确保完成填充。
如果楼板嵌板将要设有例如用于公共设施用导管和出口的凹口、凹槽或开孔,或者其它表面特征,例如,固定或提升点,这些优选在芯体注射之前形成在外金属板中或上。凹槽和其它缺口可通过已知技术形成,例如适合于板的厚度和有待形成的特征的尺寸的铣削(milling)、切削(cutting)、弯曲(bending)、轧制(rolling)和冲压(stamping)。通过焊接可以附上细节。定义穿过楼板嵌板的通道的管(例如,公共设施用导管)可在注射材料以形成外芯体层14之前被放置到位。注射并且外芯体层14硬化之后例如通过去芯来形成这种特征也是可能的,但这时可能需要采取措施来确保由诸如焊接这样的行为所产生的热不会有害地影响芯体13。
在某些情况下,通过将边缘板或周边杆件焊接到外金属板以便嵌板形成其自身的模具而避免使用模具是可能的。视内芯体的可压缩性和恢复力而定,提供抑制可能是必要的,以防止因在层14的注射和硬化过程中所经历的内在压力而外金属板变形。
应注意,芯体硬化之后,面板和周边杆件通过中间层13被结合到一起,以便在某些情况下周边杆件和面板之间的固定仅需要足够抵抗在注射和硬化步骤中所遭受的载荷,而不必抵抗在使用楼板嵌板10中所遭受的载荷。为了增强腔体的密封,衬垫或密封条可以被设置在边缘板或周边杆件与面板之间。
图3示出了用于连接建筑用夹层楼板嵌板10a、10b的配置。在每一楼板嵌板中,上、下金属板11、12彼此横向偏移,以便在一侧上板悬于下板之上,而在另一侧,其置后而下板凸出。具有平的上、下表面的空心管17设置在上、下金属板之间的边缘中以密封楼板嵌板。空心管17被这样设置,即其置于上、下板中凸出比其一半宽度略小的距离的板的边缘的后面,但被置后的板的边缘位于管17的中线的附近。当两个楼板嵌板的互补边缘邻接时,各自的外金属板以一小的间隔接合,倚在管17之一的平表面上,该表面用作焊缝19的支撑板以将一个嵌板的外板连接至其它嵌板的外板。其它轧制或推挤结构型材,包括专为这类结构设计的这些,可以用作板构件的边缘和端部构件。可以使用连接嵌板以确保嵌板之间的剪切、力矩或者剪切和力矩转移的其它方法。示例包括具有不同细节的拴接或压接法。
图4示出了用于将根据本发明实施例的楼板嵌板10连接至横梁20的配置。在有待连接至横梁20的嵌板10的边缘,上板11和下板12都在边缘管17的各自平面中心部分中终止,并且延长板11a、12a被分别焊接至外板11、12。如所示,上延长板11a延续上板11的平面,同时下延长板成形为具有被倾斜中心部连接的两个水平部,使得其接合上延长板11a而形成双层厚度部,该双层厚度部例如通过焊接或拴接连接至横梁20的上法兰。然而,这种配置可倒转,使得下延长板是平的,而上板比上法兰21高出嵌板的厚度。可选地,两个延长板都可适合于以相对于横梁20的任何想要的竖直位置定位上板11。图5示出了根据在建筑物的构架的隔间中形成楼板的实施例的四个楼板嵌板10。支柱30支撑水平横梁20,楼板嵌板10横越在横梁20之间。本发明的嵌板还可以使用轴环与支柱结合来提供平板系统,即,没有支撑横梁。根据建筑物的使用,楼板嵌板的上表面可以被提供适宜的表面处理、楼板覆盖层或假楼板(falsefloor)系统。同样,楼板嵌板的下表面可被处理、覆盖、或者更通常地,设置假天花板来隐藏公用设施和HVAC(采暖不通风与空调)管道。
图6示出了用于连接根据本发明实施例的两个楼板嵌板10a、10b的另一配置。在图中,为了清楚起见,嵌板10a、10b的芯体被省略。
在该配置中,两个楼板嵌板10a、10b在至少一个边缘具有周边杆件30a、30b,这两个周边杆件既用以定义用于芯体的腔体又提供用于连接相邻嵌板或建筑物结构的装置。每一周边杆件30a、30b包括主部31,该主部的厚度等于嵌板10a、10b的面板11、12之间的间距,宽度足以提供对将要焊接到其上的面板的密封和着陆。主部31可以的横截面可以近似为正方形。
与周边杆件30的主部31一体的是突出法兰32,通过该突出法兰32嵌板彼此连接或被连接至结构。在一实施例中,如所示,突出法兰32的厚度约为逐步31的厚度的一半,并且平行于嵌板平面。为了实现嵌板之间的对准连接,所有突出法兰32位于板的将周边杆件截开并平行于其嵌板的一侧,优选地突出法兰32的一个面32a位于对截开平面(bisectingplane)。周边杆件30被安装在嵌板上,使得在一侧突出法兰在截开平面上方,而在对侧突出法兰在截开平面下方。接着,通过将一个嵌板的突出法兰32搁置在其相邻嵌板的突出法兰上,嵌板可被快速地安装。在法兰之间可使用间隔物来调节一个嵌板的高度,但这优选通过使各突出法兰32的一个面32a准确位于截开平面上而被避免。另一可选方案是制造具有两个不同但互补的外形的周边杆件,由此连接平面可以被按需要定位。
为了将嵌板固定到一起,突出法兰可以通过螺母34和螺栓35穿过孔33被连接到一起,其可以在特定位置或钻孔的原位被预成型。也可使用将法兰固定到一起的其它装置,例如,铆钉、焊接或粘接。
如图6所示,竖直板,例如,纵梁的连接板,可以被焊接到周边杆件。如果必要,一个面板可以削减以容纳该部件。
应明白,以上描述并非意在限制,并且其它修改和变体落入由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围中。
Claims (14)
1、一种建筑用夹层板构件,其包括第一、第二外金属板和芯体,所述芯体被结合到所述外金属板、并被设置成用以转移其间的剪切力,其中所述芯体包括:
内芯体,所述内芯体包括波形金属板和在波形之内的填充材料;以及
塑料或聚合体材料型外芯体层,所述外芯体层被结合到所述波形金属板的部分和所述外金属板。
2、根据权利要求1所述的构件,其特征在于,所述外芯体层被直接结合到所述波形金属板的一部分,其间无填充材料。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的构件,其特征在于,所述填充材料的密度小于所述外芯体层的密度的50%,优选小于25%,更有选小于10%。
4、根据权利要求1、2或3所述的构件,其特征在于,所述波形板在所述构件的每一主面上的暴露部分的总面积在面的总面积的10至45%的范围中,更有选在20至40%的范围中,最优选在25至35%的范围中。
5、根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的构件,其特征在于,所述波形板的波形大体平行于所述构件的最长尺寸延伸。
6、根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的构件,其特征在于,所述外芯体层和所述外金属板之间以及所述外芯体层和所述波形金属板之间的结合强度大于或等于0.5MPa。
7、根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的构件,其特征在于,所述外金属板中至少之一适合于设有凹口、凹槽或沟道。
8、根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的构件,其设有至少一个延伸穿过所述构件的通道。
9、根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的构件,其特征在于,所述外芯体层在所述内芯体的两个主面和至少一个侧面上方连续延伸。
10、根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的构件,其包括周边杆件,所述周边杆件具有跨越在所述第一和第二外金属板之间的主部和突出法兰,所述突出法兰向外伸出所述外金属板以允许所述法兰被连接至另一嵌板或一部分结构。
11、根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的构件,其特征在于,所述突出法兰的一个表面大体位于将周边杆件截开的、平行于所述嵌板的平面上。
12、一种楼板嵌板,其包括如上任意一项权利要求所述的构件。
13、根据权利要求10所述的楼板嵌板,其适于承载在1.4kPa至7.2kPa范围中的载荷。
14、制造建筑用夹层板构件的方法,其包括以下步骤:
将填充材料浇铸到波形金属板上,留出所述波形金属版的暴露区域;
提供用所述波形金属板形成间隔分离关系的第一、第二金属板,所述波形金属板上具有浇铸于其上的填充材料,所述波形金属板设置在所述第一、第二金属板之间以致在所述波形金属板周围形成腔体;
用未硬化的塑料或聚合体材料填充所述腔体;以及
允许或使得所述塑料或聚合体材料硬化,从而以足够的强度将所述外板结合到所述波形金属板的暴露区域以便转移其间的剪切力。
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- 2008-01-16 US US12/523,638 patent/US20100031599A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-01-16 KR KR1020097017226A patent/KR20090101966A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-01-16 AU AU2008206860A patent/AU2008206860A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-01-16 BR BRPI0806904-2A patent/BRPI0806904A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-01-16 CA CA002675896A patent/CA2675896A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-01-16 WO PCT/GB2008/000138 patent/WO2008087402A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-01-16 JP JP2009545992A patent/JP2010516922A/ja active Pending
- 2008-01-16 MX MX2009007711A patent/MX2009007711A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-01-16 EP EP08701816.4A patent/EP2122081B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-07-17 KR KR1020107018074A patent/KR20110015504A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-07-17 CN CN2008801247926A patent/CN101918655A/zh active Pending
- 2008-07-17 MX MX2010007673A patent/MX2010007673A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-07-17 US US12/812,518 patent/US20100293872A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-07-17 AU AU2008347652A patent/AU2008347652A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-07-17 JP JP2010542673A patent/JP2011510190A/ja active Pending
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CN102127942A (zh) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-07-20 | 张永清 | 节能抗震填芯无梁建筑楼板 |
CN102277912A (zh) * | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-14 | 张永清 | 建筑工业化超轻高速楼板 |
CN103866852A (zh) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-06-18 | 北京工业大学 | 一种咬合拼接的多高层装配式钢结构中心支撑体系 |
CN103866852B (zh) * | 2014-03-20 | 2016-06-22 | 北京工业大学 | 一种咬合拼接的多高层装配式钢结构中心支撑体系 |
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CN110402313A (zh) * | 2017-03-07 | 2019-11-01 | Nxt知识产权有限公司 | 建筑系统 |
CN109131599A (zh) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-04 | 青岛黄海学院 | 一种物流货物中转箱用转移车 |
CN109826348A (zh) * | 2019-02-15 | 2019-05-31 | 武汉美术新型建材有限公司 | 一种彩涂复合轻型楼承板及其系统 |
CN114876114A (zh) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-09 | 比兰德(山东)工程科技有限公司 | 一种具有加强结构的装配式轻钢楼板 |
CN114876114B (zh) * | 2022-03-31 | 2024-05-03 | 比兰德(山东)工程科技有限公司 | 一种具有加强结构的装配式轻钢楼板 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2008206860A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
GB2445740A (en) | 2008-07-23 |
KR20090101966A (ko) | 2009-09-29 |
US20100031599A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
AU2008347652A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
JP2010516922A (ja) | 2010-05-20 |
GB0700990D0 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
CN101918655A (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
WO2008087402A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
MX2010007673A (es) | 2010-08-04 |
BRPI0806904A2 (pt) | 2014-04-29 |
MX2009007711A (es) | 2009-07-30 |
CA2675896A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
US20100293872A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
EP2122081A1 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
KR20110015504A (ko) | 2011-02-16 |
JP2011510190A (ja) | 2011-03-31 |
EP2122081B1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
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