CN1016035B - 带有电流自动控制的压控振荡器 - Google Patents

带有电流自动控制的压控振荡器

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CN1016035B
CN1016035B CN90104057A CN90104057A CN1016035B CN 1016035 B CN1016035 B CN 1016035B CN 90104057 A CN90104057 A CN 90104057A CN 90104057 A CN90104057 A CN 90104057A CN 1016035 B CN1016035 B CN 1016035B
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oscillator
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reference voltage
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CN1047773A (zh
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沃尔特·H·基勒
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Motorola Solutions Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L5/00—Automatic control of voltage, current, or power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L1/00—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1203—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier being a single transistor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1231—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more bipolar transistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
    • H03B5/124—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance
    • H03B5/1243—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance the means comprising voltage variable capacitance diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1296—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the feedback circuit comprising a transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
    • H03B2200/006—Functional aspects of oscillators
    • H03B2200/0062—Bias and operating point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
    • H03B2200/006—Functional aspects of oscillators
    • H03B2200/0088—Reduction of noise
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
    • H03B2200/006—Functional aspects of oscillators
    • H03B2200/0088—Reduction of noise
    • H03B2200/009—Reduction of phase noise

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

压控振荡器的一种电流自动控制电路(100、200、300或400)，它检测出表征压控振荡器电流大小的一个电压，将该电压与一个基准电压进行比较，并将得出的电压加到压控振荡器中的某一点上，改变其偏置状态，以使压控振荡器的噪声电平保持最小，还使该振荡器的信号输出基本保持恒定。

Description

本发明涉及在压控振荡器内控制振荡器电流的控制电路。
对压控振荡器进行控制的一些已知的电路都使用反馈电路，用以检测压控振荡器的信号输出，并将它整流以控制压控振荡器的增益。然而，如果要力求做到噪声最小，则检测射频信号是不合适的。
为此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种控制电路，用以检测表征振荡电流的直流信号，或者检测表征压控振荡器偏置状态的交流信号，并在产生出反馈信号之前滤除该交流信号。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种振荡器电流控制电路，它能在保持信号输出基本恒定的情况下在一个宽的频带内保持噪声最小。
简言之，本发明是控制压控振荡器的振荡器偏压，使得振荡电流输出维持恒定。采用了一个比较器，它将压控振荡器中可确定其振荡电流的某一点上检测出的直流电压与可表征所需振荡电流的一个基准电压进行比较。将该比较器的输出加回到压控振荡器上，以改变其偏压来维持振荡电流恒定。
只要在该检测点与比较器之间设置一个低通滤波器来滤除被检测电压中的交流成分，则压控振荡器中所检测的电压可以是交流电压。
图1是依照本发明的一个电流自动控制电路的方框图;
图2示出一个具有发射极检测点用于反馈环路（包含有一个电流削减电路）的电流自动控制电路实施例原理图;
图3示出一个具有发射极直流检测点用于反馈环路（而无需低通滤波器的电流自动控制电路实施例原理图;
图4是一个具有集电极检测点用于反馈环路的电流自动控制电路实施例原理图。
图1所示是依照本发明的电流自动控制电路100的方框图。从压控振荡器102中检测出一个表 征振荡器振荡电流状态的电压，通过线路103加到低通滤波器104上，以滤除所检测电压中的交流成分。低通滤波器104的输出V2加到比较器106的第一输入端，105，与基准电压V1进行比较。比较器106的输出V3通过线路107反馈回压控振荡器102，以控制振荡器的偏压。
图2所示的电流自动控制电路200是一个实施例原理图。压控振荡器201包含有一个振荡器双极晶体管208，其基极与一节点217连接，其集电极经过电阻206与电源电压VCC连接，其发射极通过电阻210和高频阻流圈212接地。发射极还连接到电容220与电容228之间的节点209上。
阻流圈216的一端与电容220和电容218之间的节点217相连接。电容228的另一端接地。电容218的另一端连接到节点219上。电感222连接在节点219与地之间。电容224连接在节点219与节点225之间。变容二极管226的阴极连接到节点225，基阳极接地。控制电压CV加到节点225上，以控制压控振荡器201的振荡频率。
在晶体管208的发射极209上检测出表征压控振荡器201电流状态的电压，并加到低通滤波器202上。低通滤波器202的输出V2加到比较器204的反相输入端，与加到比较器204同相输入端的基准电压V1相比较。比较器204的输出经过阻流圈216加到振荡器晶体管208的基极，因而改变节点217处的电压，它是电压V1和V2之差的函数。通过电压V1（由用户调整）与电压V2（由该振荡器的电流形成的直流电压）的相比较而自动调整电压V3（也即压控振荡器201的基极偏压），使振荡器电流保持恒定。
电流削减电路235包括：一个比较器236，其输入为V4和CV（控制电压）;一个电流源234，它受比较器236的输出的控制。电流源234设置在节点231和地之间。电流削减电路只在变容二极管控制电压CV大于电压V4时工作。当CV低于V4时，流经电流源234的电流为零，因而V1不变化。当CV大于V4时，电流开始流经电流源234，节点231处的电压V1减小，随之使V3降低，于是使振荡器电流减小。
基准电压V1可由一个调节电路调定，该调节电路由一个可变电阻或电位器230和一个电阻232组成，电位器230连接在电压源Vcc与节点231之间，电阻232连接在节点231与地之间。
当变容二极管226上的反向偏压增加时，压控振荡器的振荡频率升高，变容二极管226的品质因数也增高。这样，为得到最佳的相位噪声性能和信号输出，压控振荡器所需的电流减小。因此，依靠电流削减电路235可随着CV的升高而使压控振荡器的电流减小。
图3所示是本发明的另一实施例原理图300，其中，压控振荡器306的反馈电压从振荡器中的一个直流点321上取出，压控振荡器300的电路结构与图2中的压控振荡器电路200有以下三方面不同：（1）压控振荡器300不包含有压控振荡器200中的电流削减电路235;（2）压控振荡器300内不包含有压控振荡器200中的低通滤波器202;（3）压控振荡器300的反馈电压从直流节点321上取出。这里，阻流圈320阻住了从晶体管308的集电极流到发射极的电流中的交流成分。由于在直流点321处取出反馈电压，所以也不需要低通滤波器了。在其它方面，压控振荡器300的工作情况与压控振荡器200相同。
图4所示是本发明的又一实施例。压控振荡器400包含一个反馈环路，从晶体管402的集电极上，也即节点404处取出交流反馈电压。压控振荡器400的工作情况与图2所示的压控振荡器200的基本相同，其差别在于，压控振荡器400中没有电流削减电路，并且反馈电压是从振荡器晶体管402的集电极而不是从发射极上取出的。

Claims (10)

1、一种控制电路包括一用于提供输出信号的振荡器，该振荡器包括一节点用于提供代表该振荡器电流状态的被检测电压，所述控制电路的特征在于：一个比较器，用以将所述的被检测电压与第一基准电压进行比较；上述比较器有一个输出端耦合到上述提供输出信号的振荡器，以使振荡器电流保持在相位噪声最小的最佳水平上，并且基本使上述振荡器的功率均衡。
2、根据权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于：所述的被检测电压是直流电压。
3、根据权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于还包括一个设置在所述振荡器与所述比较器之间的低通滤波器，用以滤除上述被检测电压中的交流成分。
4、根据权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于：所述的振荡器包含一个双极振荡晶体管。
5、根据权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于还包括一个电路装置，当控制所述振荡频率的电压大于选定的第二基准电压时，该电路将置减小上述第一基准电压，以补偿上述振荡器等效正电阻的任何变化，从而使所述振荡器的噪声电平保持最小。
6、根据权利要求5所述的电路，其特征在于：用以减小上述第一基准电压的装置由一个比较器组成，它将上述第二基准电压与上述控制电压进行比较，该比较器与上述用以提供第一基准电压的装置相连接。
7、根据权利要求4所述的电路，其中所述的被检测电压从一个与上述振荡晶体管发射极相连接的节点上取出。
8、根据权利要求4所述的电路，其中，所述的检测电压从一个与上述振荡晶体管集电极相连的节点上取出。
9、根据权利要求4所述的电路，它还包括一个射频扼流圈，该扼流圈具有两个端子，一个端子与上述振荡晶体管的发射极相连接，另一个端子与取出上述被检测电压节点相连接。
10、控制振荡器振荡电流的一种方法，其特征在于下列步骤：
从上述振荡器中取出一个被检测电压，该被检测电压表征了所述振荡器的振荡电流状态;
将上述被检测电压与一个基准电压进行比较，得出一个与上述被检测电压和上述基准电压之差成正比的差值电压;
将上述差值电压加到上述振荡器中的某一点上，以控制其偏压使上述振荡器噪声电平保持最小，且输出电平基本保持恒定。
CN90104057A 1989-06-02 1990-06-01 带有电流自动控制的压控振荡器 Expired CN1016035B (zh)

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US07/360,627 US4968952A (en) 1989-06-02 1989-06-02 Voltage control oscillator with automatic current control
US07/360,627 1989-06-02

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US4968952A (en) 1990-11-06
CA2063404A1 (en) 1990-12-03
EP0474729A1 (en) 1992-03-18
DK0474729T3 (da) 1997-04-07
IL94335A (en) 1993-08-18
DE69030258D1 (de) 1997-04-24
KR920702090A (ko) 1992-08-12
JPH04505533A (ja) 1992-09-24
ES2098265T3 (es) 1997-05-01
DE69030258T2 (de) 1997-10-02
NO914419D0 (no) 1991-11-12
NO914419L (no) 1991-11-12
WO1990015484A1 (en) 1990-12-13
ATE150601T1 (de) 1997-04-15
IL94335A0 (en) 1991-03-10
AU627038B2 (en) 1992-08-13
EP0474729B1 (en) 1997-03-19
FI915264A0 (fi) 1991-11-08
EP0474729A4 (en) 1993-02-24
AU5741790A (en) 1991-01-07
CA2063404C (en) 1993-09-21
CN1047773A (zh) 1990-12-12
KR960006464B1 (ko) 1996-05-16

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