CN101579311A - 改进的药物递送系统 - Google Patents
改进的药物递送系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101579311A CN101579311A CNA2009101468709A CN200910146870A CN101579311A CN 101579311 A CN101579311 A CN 101579311A CN A2009101468709 A CNA2009101468709 A CN A2009101468709A CN 200910146870 A CN200910146870 A CN 200910146870A CN 101579311 A CN101579311 A CN 101579311A
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Abstract
一种包含双液泡沫的口服药物递送系统,所述双液泡沫包含:1重量%~20重量%的连续亲水相,70重量%~98重量%的形成不连续相的药用油,所述药用油中溶解或分散有0.1重量%~20重量%的水溶性差的药物,而且,所述双液泡沫包含0.5重量%~10重量%的表面活性剂,以便形成稳定的双液泡沫,其中所有的百分比均基于制剂的总重量。
Description
本申请是分案申请,其原申请的申请号为200480022384.1,申请日为2004年7月30日,发明名称为“改进的药物递送系统”。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种改进的药物递送系统,更具体地说,本发明涉及这样一种改进的药物递送系统,该体系用于即时释放剂型中水溶性差的亲脂性药物的口服。
背景技术
对于水溶性差的亲脂性药物,口服其固体剂型(例如片剂)时,因其生物利用度低且差异大而为人所诟病。人们为此而开发出了一类剂型,其中,将药物事先溶解在脂类赋形剂中,或溶解在脂类赋形剂与表面活性剂的混合物或脂类赋形剂、表面活性剂与助溶剂的三元混合物中。这些组合物使药物的生物利用度增加,但其代价是增加了复杂性,以及在大多数情况中需要包含非常大量(30%或30%以上)的表面活性剂或乳化剂。
用于亲脂性药物的现有脂类释放赋形剂包括使药物简单地溶解在亲脂性赋形剂、自乳化油性体系、微乳液和脂质体中。许多综述性文章中均论述了亲脂性药物释放赋形剂的性能和应用,例如,Humberstone &Charman(1997)Advanced Drug Delivery Review,第25卷,第103~128页,和O’Driscoll(2002)European Journal of Pharmaceutical Science第15卷,第405~415页。
亲脂性溶液
许多药物仅在亲脂性油类(特别是三酰基甘油酯)中就具有理想的溶解度。因此可以将药物配成胶囊中的简单溶液来施用,从而获得满意的吸收和生物利用度。但是,不能期望这种制剂的分散动力学效应与预分散体系一样迅速。这种剂型的主要缺陷是分散慢。
自乳化油体系
这类体系有时称为SEDDS(“自乳化药物递送系统”),它包含油和表面活性剂的混合物,当用水稀释时,该混合物自发地形成水包油型乳液。使用表面活性剂通常可提高药物的溶解度,表面活性剂通常以30%或大于30%的浓度存在。为了增加药物的溶解度,有时加入助溶剂,例如乙醇、丙二醇和聚乙二醇。这种剂型是亲脂性的各向同性的液体,这种液体可以填充到胶囊中,当在胃肠道中这种液体从胶囊中释放出来时,形成含药物的油/表面活性剂的小液滴的分散液,这些小液滴可迅速扩散。SEDDS的主要缺点与表面活性剂的大量存在相关,这些表面活性剂除了对胃肠壁产生潜在的有害影响外,还增加了制剂的成本和复杂性。这些制剂的例子公开在美国专利第6436430和6284268号公报中。
微乳液预浓缩物
这些微乳液预浓缩物实质上类似于SEDDS,包含药物、脂类、表面活性剂和(如果需要)助溶剂以及助表面活性剂的各向同性混合物。对于自乳化药物递送系统,将其加入到水性介质中时,其分散形成液/液分散液。微乳液预浓缩物与SEDDS之间的主要区别是形成的分散液的性质,其中微乳液预浓缩物分散形成热力学稳定的微乳液。已经发现,微乳液可以提高亲脂性药物的生物利用度,但是存在与SEDDS相同的主要缺陷——形成微乳液需要非常大量的表面活性剂。这些组合物的例子公开在美国专利第5993858和6309665号公报中。
脂质体
脂质体由包裹中心水性腔的有序层状磷脂分子组成。亲脂性药物可以溶解在磷脂层中。脂质体负载药物的能力足以使之用在不经肠胃的制剂中,但是不特别适合用在口服剂型中。而且,脂质体不稳定且生产成本高昂,因此用来释放亲脂性药物的可行性不高。这些组合物的例子公开在美国专利第4746516和6090407号公报中。
其它剂型包括,将微乳液转变为固体或半固体纳米颗粒,以及使用多微泡(polyaphron)。美国专利第4999198号公报公开一种包含连续相和分散相的多微泡,其中,将药物(具体是东莨菪碱)负载在分散相中。该专利描述了药物从多微泡中缓慢地释放到与多微泡接触的介质中,特别是药物从多微泡向皮肤的递送。这里描述的发明不同于前面在美国专利第4999198号公报中描述的发明。此前的文献均没有提到,将该多微泡用作例如与硬或软明胶胶囊相容的口服递送系统。在前述专利中没有给出水与脂质相的具体比例。而且,东莨菪碱是唯一具体明确提及的药物。
前面讨论了递送水溶性差的亲脂性药物的口服制剂的缺点。现有的制剂都不是特别令人满意。
发明内容
本发明人现在开发了一种可快速分散的两相体系,该体系用于口服递送水溶性差的药物,该体系具有低的水含量(低于10重量%的水),因此与明胶具有良好相容性,从而能够使相应的药物制剂包裹在硬或软明胶胶囊中。而且,该两相体系的制备简便,仅需要使用少量的表面活性剂(表面活性剂是昂贵且有潜在危害的)。
因此,本发明提供一种包含双液泡沫的口服药物递送系统,所述双液泡沫包含:
1重量%~20重量%的连续亲水性相,
70重量%~98重量%的形成不连续相的药用油,所述药用油中溶解或分散有0.1重量%~20重量%的水溶性差的药物,
而且,所述双液泡沫包含0.5重量%~10重量%,优选0.5重量%~5重量%的表面活性剂,以便能够形成稳定的双液泡沫,所有的百分比均基于制剂的总重量。
这里使用的术语“双液泡沫”,也指现有技术中的“多微泡”,是指悬浮在连续极性相中的非极性液体的各向异性分散液。
这里使用的术语“水溶性差的药物”是指在水中溶解的量低于1重量%的药物。不连续相包含0.1重量%~20重量%的药物,例如1重量%~10重量%或2重量%~7重量%。特别是使用例如聚乙二醇等助溶剂时,一些药物也可以存在于连续的亲水性相中。
本发明使用的药用油优选为甘油单酸酯、甘油二酸酯、甘油三酸酯或它们的混合物。特别地,甘油单酸酯、甘油二酸酯或甘油三酸酯优选为含6~22个碳原子的脂肪酸的甘油酯。
本发明中使用的油的例子包括杏仁油、巴巴苏油、黑醋栗种子油、琉璃苣油、芥花籽油(canola oil)、蓖麻油、椰子油、鳕鱼肝油、玉米油、棉籽油、月见草油、鱼油、葡萄籽油、芥子油(mustard seed oil)、橄榄油、棕榈仁油、棕榈油、花生油、菜籽油、红花油、芝麻油、鲨鱼肝油、豆油、葵花籽油、胡桃油、麦胚芽油、氢化蓖麻油、氢化椰子油、氢化棉籽油、氢化棕榈油、氢化豆油、部分氢化的豆油、氢化植物油、改性的甘油三酸酯、辛酸/癸酸甘油酯、分馏的甘油三酸酯、三癸酸甘油酯、三己酸甘油酯、三辛酸甘油酯、三辛酸/癸酸甘油酯、三辛酸/癸酸甘油酯、三辛酸/癸酸/月桂酸甘油酯、三辛酸/癸酸/亚油酸甘油酯、三辛酸/癸酸/硬脂酸甘油酯、三月桂酸甘油酯、三亚油酸甘油酯、三亚麻酸甘油酯、三油酸甘油酯、三(十一烷酸)甘油酯、亚油酸甘油酯、饱和多缩合二元醇(polyglycolized)的甘油酯、主要含C8-C12脂肪酸链的合成的中等链长的甘油三酸酯、中等链长的甘油三酸酯、长链的甘油三酸酯、改性的甘油三酸酯、分馏的甘油三酸酯和它们的混合物。
本发明中使用的甘油单酸酯和甘油二酸酯的例子包括具有15~40个碳原子的丙二醇单酯和二酯,包括水解的椰子油(例如Capmul MCM)、水解的玉米油(例如Maisine 35-1)。
甘油单酸酯和甘油二酸酯是碳链长度具有8~16个碳的甘油的单或二饱和脂肪酸酯。
本发明中也可以使用精油。
本发明使用的表面活性剂可以加到双液泡沫的一个或两个相中。本发明使用的表面活性剂优选为烷基聚乙二醇醚、烷基聚乙二醇酯、乙氧基化的醇、聚氧乙烯失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、离子或非离子表面活性剂、氢化蓖麻油/含25~60个乙氧基的聚氧乙烯二醇加合物、蓖麻油/含25~45个乙氧基的聚氧乙烯二醇加合物、失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯(例如司盘20或司盘80)、氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯的嵌段共聚物(例如Pluronic L121或Pluronic F68)或它们的混合物。表面活性剂的使用量为双液泡沫的0.5重量%~10重量%,但是优选为双液泡沫的0.5重量%~5重量%,更优选为1重量%~2重量%。
在双液泡沫的形成中,可以使用能够使水溶性差的药物完全溶剂化的用量的助乳化剂。合适的助乳化剂为磷酸甘油酯、例如卵磷脂等磷脂或室温下为液体的游离脂肪酸,例如异硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸(linoelic acid)或亚麻酸。
双液泡沫的连续亲水相可以包含水,或可以包含含有附加组分的水相,该附加组分用来降低该水相对例如明胶等胶囊形成材料的亲合力。该附加组分可以是盐,例如氯化钠,或者是助溶剂,例如脂肪醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇或甘油或它们的混合物,或者是胶凝剂,例如藻酸盐树胶或它们的盐、瓜耳豆胶、刺槐豆胶、黄原胶、阿拉伯树胶、明胶、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素或其盐、膨润土、硅酸镁铝、“卡波母(Carbomers)”(丙烯酸的交联聚合物的盐)、或聚甲基丙烯酸甘油酯或它们在二醇中的分散液,或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮聚合物或它的水分散性共聚物,或这些聚合物和树胶中的任意物质的合适混合物。
备选地,亲水相可以是无水的,例如可以是脂肪醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇或甘油,或它们的混合物。
可以加入水溶性无机盐来增加双液泡沫的稳定性,所述水溶性无机盐例如由诸如Na+、K+或NH4 +等一价阳离子、Ca++或Mg++等二价阳离子或Al+++等三价阳离子形成的那些盐。也可以加入例如蔗糖、葡萄糖或果糖等水溶性多糖来增加稳定性。
本发明可使用的水溶性差的药物包括下列药物:
镇痛药和抗炎药:氧化铝缩阿司匹林、醋硫葡金、阿扎丙宗、贝诺酯、二氟苯水杨酸、依托度酸、联苯丁酮酸、苯氧苯丙酸钙、氟联苯丙酸、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、苯酮苯丙酸、甲灭酸、萘丁美酮、甲氧萘丙酸、羟基保泰松、保泰松、炎痛喜康、苏灵大。
驱肠虫的药物:丙硫咪唑、羟基萘酸苄酚宁、二氯酚、伊维菌素、甲基达唑、奥芬达唑、双羟萘酸间酚嘧啶、吡喹酮、噻双羟萘酸嘧啶、噻苯咪唑。
抗心律失常的药物:盐酸乙胺碘呋酮、双异丙吡胺、奎尼丁硫酸盐。
抗菌药:苯明青霉素、西诺沙星、盐酸丙氟哌酸、甲红霉素、氯苯吩嗪、氯唑青霉素、强力霉素、红霉素、乙硫异烟胺、亚胺硫霉素、萘啶酸、呋喃妥因、利福平、螺旋霉素、磺胺苯甲酰胺(sulphabenzamide)、周效磺胺、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺醋酰、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异噁唑、磺胺甲基异噁唑、磺胺吡啶、四环素、甲氧苄氨嘧啶。
抗凝血剂:双香豆素、双嘧达莫、新抗凝片、苯茚二酮。
抗抑郁药:阿莫沙平、盐酸马普替林、马来酸三甲丙咪嗪。
抗糖尿病的药物:醋磺环己脲、氯磺丙脲、优降糖、甲磺吡脲、吡磺环己脲、甲磺吖庚脲、甲磺丁脲。
抗癫痫药:苄氯丙酰胺、卡马西平、氯硝西泮、乙基苯妥英、3-甲基苯乙妥因、甲琥胺、甲苯比妥、苯乙酰脲、苯巴比妥(phenobarbitone)、苯妥英、苯琥胺、扑痫酮、硫噻嗪、丙戊酸。
抗真菌药:两性霉素、硝酸布康唑、克霉唑、硝酸益康唑、氟康唑、氟胞嘧啶、灰黄霉素、伊曲康唑、酮康唑、双氯苯咪唑、纳他霉素、制霉菌素、硝酸硫康唑、盐酸特比萘芬、特康唑、噻康唑、十一碳烯酸。
抗痛风药:别嘌呤醇、丙磺舒、苯磺唑酮。
抗高血压药:氨氯地平、二氮嗪、非洛地平、伊拉地平、米诺地尔、盐酸尼卡地平、硝苯吡啶、尼莫地平、盐酸哌唑嗪、利血平。
抗疟药:氨酚喹、氯喹、盐酸卤泛群、盐酸甲氟喹、盐酸氯胍、乙胺嘧啶、硫酸奎宁。
抗偏头痛药:甲磺酸双氢麦角胺、酒石酸麦角胺、马来酸二甲麦角新碱、马来酸苯噻啶。
抗毒蕈碱剂:阿托品、盐酸苯海索、安克痉、茛菪碱、溴化甲哌佐酯、托品酰胺。
抗肿瘤药和免疫抑制剂:氨基导眠能、硫唑嘌呤、马利兰、苯丁酸氮芥、环孢菌素、氮烯唑胺、依托泊苷、洛莫司汀、左旋苯丙氨酸氮芥、巯基嘌呤、氨甲蝶呤、丝裂霉素、对二氯苯二氯乙烷、枸橼酸三苯氧胺、睾内酯。
抗原虫药(protazoal):氯碘羟喹、二碘羟基喹啉、糠酸二氯散、二硝托胺、呋喃唑酮、甲硝基羟乙唑、呋喃西林、磺甲硝咪唑。
抗甲状腺素的药物:甲亢平、丙基硫氧嘧啶。
抗焦虑药、镇静剂、安眠药和安定药:阿普唑仑、异戊巴比妥、巴比妥、溴吡二氮卓、溴哌利多、溴替唑仑、正丁巴比妥、卡溴脲、甲氨二氮卓、氯美噻唑、氯丙嗪、氯巴占、氯氮平、安定、达哌啶醇、炔己蚁胺、氟阿尼酮(flunanisone)、氟硝安定、三氟丙嗪、癸酸三氟噻醇、癸酸氟奋乃静、氟胺安定、氟哌啶醇、氯羟去甲安定、氯甲西泮、去氧安定、氨甲丙二酯、安眠酮、咪达唑仑、硝基安定、去甲羟安定、戊巴比妥、羟哌氯丙嗪哌迷清、甲哌氯丙嗪、舒必利、羟基安定、甲硫哒嗪、三唑苯二氮、吡嗪哌酯。
β-阻断剂:萘羟心安、品多洛尔。
强心药:洋地黄毒苷、地高辛、毛花苷C、甲基地高辛。
皮质激素类药物:倍氯米松、倍他米松、丁地去炎松、醋酸可的松、去氧米松、地塞米松、醋酸氟氢可的松、氟尼缩松、flucortolone、氟替卡松丙酸酯、氢化可的松、甲基强的松龙、强的松龙、强的松、氟羟强的松龙。
利尿剂:乙酰唑胺、氨氯吡脒、苄氟噻嗪、丁苯氧酸、氯噻嗪、氯噻酮、利尿酸、呋塞米、美托拉宗、螺内酯、氨苯喋啶。
抗帕金森病的药物:甲磺酸溴麦角隐亭。
肠胃病药:双乙酰氧苯基甲基吡啶、甲腈咪胍、西沙必利、盐酸氰苯哌酯、哌双咪酮、法莫替丁、氯哌丁胺、美沙拉嗪、奥美拉唑、柳氮磺胺呲啶。
组胺H-受体拮抗剂:阿司咪唑、肉桂苯哌嗪、赛克利嗪、盐酸二苯环庚啶、茶苯海明、盐酸敏克静、奥沙米特、特非那定。
血脂调节剂:苯扎贝特、安妥明、非诺贝特、二甲苯氧庚酸、丙丁酚。
硝酸酯和其它抗心绞痛药物:硝酸戊酯、三硝酸甘油酯、二硝酸异山梨醇酯、四硝酸季戊四醇酯。
营养药物:β-胡萝卜素、维生素A、维生素B2、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K。
鸦片类止痛药:可待因、右丙氧芬、二乙酰吗啡、二氢可待因、美普他酚、吗啡、镇痛新。
性激素:枸橼酸氯芪酚胺、炔羟雄烯异噁唑、炔雌醇、安宫黄体酮、炔雌醇甲醚、甲基睾酮、炔诺酮、炔诺孕酮、雌二醇、共轭雌激素、黄体酮、康力龙、己烯雌酚、睾丸激素、替勃龙。
兴奋剂:右旋苯丙胺、右旋氟苯丙胺、氯苯咪吲哚。
可以用它们的药用盐、异构体和衍生物来代替这些药物。如果亲脂性药物的混合物有疗效,则可以使用这些混合物。
本发明的不连续相占双液泡沫的70重量%~98重量%,优选80重量%~96重量%,更优选90重量%~95重量%。连续亲水相占双液泡沫的1重量%~20重量%,优选2重量%~10重量%。
本发明的口服药物递送系统优选为单位剂型。优选的单位剂型包含填充有双液泡沫的胶囊,例如硬或软明胶胶囊。双液泡沫的水含量低,这可保证双液泡沫与硬和软明胶胶囊都具有良好的相容性,而且,可选择性地在水相中加入降低水相对胶囊材料的亲合力的附加组分,由此使得可以利用明胶胶囊。这优于目前已有的脂类分散液,并且与片剂相比,使药物具有更好的生物利用度。
在例如最高为1000mg,优选为100mg的剂型中,每单位剂型包含例如0.5mg~1000mg,优选为0.5mg~200mg的药物。
该药物递送系统的双液泡沫也可以是可稀释的浓缩物,该浓缩物可以无限地稀释在助溶剂中,该助溶剂为例如水或与水相容的脂肪醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇或甘油或它们的混合物。可以将该双液泡沫稀释,而且可以将其加到饮料、糖浆或舐膏剂中。
本发明的双液泡沫组合物也可以含有其它的添加剂,例如防腐剂或抗微生物药剂(例如防止微生物引起的腐败)。这些添加剂可以包含在非极性液体或连续相中。
应该理解,上述添加剂的加入水平(加入量)和类型应使其发挥所述添加剂的效果和用处。需要注意这些添加剂的选择和用量,以防止损害本发明的其它性能优点。
制备双液泡沫的方法描述在美国专利申请公开US-A-4486333中,其中包括预先形成气体泡沫,以便提供充分大的表面积,从而可使双液泡沫随后形成于该表面上。已经发现,只要在制备容器中配备合适的搅拌装置,就不需要事先形成气体泡沫来制备稳定的双液泡沫。
这样的装置包括配备搅拌器的罐,其中搅拌桨叶打破液体和空气的界面。配备输送装置,通过该装置将包含分散液的内相的油相(非极性液体)输送到罐中。该输送装置的设计应使得在生产过程中可以控制和改变内相流体的加入速率。该生产过程的一个特点是,首先将内(油)相缓慢地加到搅拌的水相中,直到形成足够的液滴以形成大的表面积,以便更迅速地形成新液滴。此时,可以增加油相的加入速率。
制备过程由下列步骤组成:
1.将一种或一种以上选定的表面活性剂加到一相或另一相或两相中(事先由试验确定)。
2.将水相加到处理容器的底部。
3.将搅拌器放入容器中,使得它能搅拌水相的表面。
4.调节搅拌速率至事先确定的水平。
5.在预定速率的连续搅拌下,缓慢地将溶解或分散有水溶性差的药物的内(油)相加入到上述处理容器中。
6.一旦加入预定的量(通常在待加入总量的5%和10%之间),加快油相的加入速率。
搅拌速率和油相的加入速率是变量,其值根据生产车间的具体设计(特别是罐直径与桨叶直径的比例)、油相的物理化学性质和所选择的表面活性剂的性质和浓度而变化。这些值均可以通过实验室或中试实验来预先确定。
本领域的技术人员应该理解,也可以合适地使用其它的制备方法。
尽管双液泡沫的稳定性一般是好的,但是可以加入水性凝胶进行稳定化,因此,本发明的范围包括稳定的分散液,所述稳定的分散液包含1重量%~80重量%的双液泡沫和20重量%~99重量%的水性凝胶。
优选用悬浮在水中的胶体聚合物或树胶制成水性凝胶,其中胶体聚合物或树胶的浓度为0.05重量%~20重量%,更优选为0.2重量%~1重量%。合适的聚合物或树胶例如为藻酸盐树胶或其盐、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶、黄原胶、阿拉伯树胶、明胶、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素或其盐、膨润土、硅酸镁铝、“卡波母”(丙烯酸的交联聚合物的盐),或聚甲基丙烯酸甘油酯或它们在二醇中的分散液,或这些聚合物和树胶中的任何物质的合适混合物。
实施例
参考下列实施例进一步描述本发明。
双液泡沫的制备
在合适的容器中装入双液泡沫的水相。将药物溶解在油相中。然后使用扫掠式(sweep)搅拌器或轨道式(orbital)混合器,在搅拌下以恒定的速率加入含有药物的油相。完成油的加入后,继续搅拌,直到油滴的尺寸稳定或达到需要的尺寸。
实施例1
油相 % 重量(g)
三辛酸/癸酸甘油酯 90 27
卤泛群 5 1.5
水相
蓖麻油/聚氧乙烯二醇(35)加合物 1 0.3
去离子水 4 1.2
总量 100 30.0
实施例2
油相 % 重量(g)
三辛酸/癸酸甘油酯 90 27
卤泛群 5 1.5
水相
氢化蓖麻油/聚氧乙烯二醇(40)加合物 1 0.3
去离子水 4 1.2
总量 100 30.0
实施例3
油相 % 重量(g)
三辛酸/癸酸甘油酯 90 27
卤泛群 5 1.5
水相
氢化蓖麻油/聚氧乙烯二醇(60)加合物 1 0.3
去离子水 4 1.2
总量 100 30.0
实施例4
油相 % 重量(g)
豆油BP 90 27
卤泛群 5 1.5
水相
氢化蓖麻油/聚氧乙烯二醇(35)加合物 1 0.3
去离子水 4 1.2
总量 100 30.0
实施例5
油相 % 重量(g)
三辛酸/癸酸甘油酯 90 27
环孢菌素 5 1.5
水相
氢化蓖麻油/聚氧乙烯二醇(60)加合物 1 0.3
去离子水 4 1.2
总量 100 30.0
实施例6
油相 % 重量(g)
三辛酸/癸酸甘油酯 40 12
单亚油酸甘油酯(Maisine 35) 40 12
环孢菌素 10 3.0
水相
氢化蓖麻油/聚氧乙烯二醇(60)加合物 1 0.3
1%的氯化钙水溶液 9 2.7
总量 100 30.0
实施例7
油相 % 重量(g)
豆油BP 85.5 25.65
卤泛群 4.5 1.35
水相
蓖麻油/聚氧乙烯二醇(60)加合物 2 0.6
氯化钠 1 0.3
去离子水 7 2.1
总量 100 30.0
实施例8
制备下列制剂:
油相 % 重量(g)
豆油BP 75.2 22.56
卤泛群 4 1.2
油酸 0.8 0.24
水相
乙醇(DEB 100) 14 4.2
去离子水 5.6 1.68
氢化蓖麻油/聚氧乙烯二醇(45)加合物 0.4 0.12
总量 100 30.0
实施例9、10、11和12显示了含有高浓度的丙二醇的制剂,丙二醇作为水溶性差的药物的助溶剂。
实施例9
制备下列制剂:
油相 % 重量(g)
三辛酸/癸酸甘油酯 85 25.5
卤泛群 4 1.2
氢化蓖麻油/聚氧乙烯二醇(40)加合物 1 0.3
水相
丙二醇 9.5 2.85
去离子水 0.5 0.15
总量 100 30.0
实施例10
制备下列制剂:
油相 % 重量(g)
三辛酸/癸酸甘油酯 85 25.5
卤泛群 4 1.2
蓖麻油/聚氧乙烯二醇(35)加合物 1 0.3
水相
丙二醇 9.5 2.85
去离子水 0.5 0.15
总量 100 30.0
实施例11
制备下列制剂:
油相 % 重量(g)
豆油BP 84 25.2
卤泛群 5 1.5
蓖麻油/聚氧乙烯二醇(35)加合物 1 0.3
水相
丙二醇 9 2.7
去离子水 1 0.3
总量 100 30.0
实施例12
制备下列制剂:
油相 % 重量(g)
豆油BP 84 25.2
卤泛群 5 1.5
蓖麻油/聚氧乙烯二醇(40)加合物 1 0.3
水相
丙二醇 9.5 2.85
去离子水 0.5 0.15
总量 100 30.0
实施例13显示了使用甘油作为连续相中的(水溶性差的药物的)助溶剂。
实施例13
制备下列制剂:
油相 % 重量(g)
三辛酸/癸酸甘油酯 84 25.2
卤泛群 5 1.5
C12-13Pareth-3 1 0.3
水相
甘油BP 7 2.1
1%的月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠水溶液 3 0.9
总量 100 30.0
实施例14和15显示了使用聚乙二醇(PEG)作为水溶性差的药物的助溶剂。
实施例14
制备下列制剂:
油相 % 重量(g)
三辛酸/癸酸甘油酯 84 25.2
卤泛群 5 1.5
C12-13Pareth-3 1 0.3
水相
PEG-6 5 1.5
1%的月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠水溶液 5 1.5
总量 100 30.0
实施例15
制备下列制剂:
油相 % 重量(g)
豆油BP 84 25.2
卤泛群 5 1.5
蓖麻油/聚氧乙烯二醇(40)加合物 1 0.3
水相
PEG-6 10 3
总量 100 30.0
实施例16
为了证明本发明的优点,进行试验来比较本发明的制剂与一种片剂。
测试商品制剂(批号558,SmithKline&French,英国)。分析表明它含有248mg卤泛群。用禁食的雄性小猎兔犬测试生物利用度,对使用实施例7的制剂(LCT BLF)和使用实施例7中豆油被三辛酸/癸酸甘油酯代替的制剂(MCT BLF)得到的结果进行比较。在随机交叉研究中,对重12~19kg的小猎兔犬给药。在给药前让狗禁食21小时。在-15分钟(接近试验前空白对照(pre-close blank))以及然后在服药后的15、30、60和90分钟以及在2、3、4、6、8、10、24、32、48和72小时采集血样。得到下列结果:
参数 | 片剂 | MCT BLF | LCT BLF |
Cmax(ng/ml) | 85 | 176 | 781 |
tmax(h) | 1.3 | 3.8 | 2.3 |
AUC0-∞(ng.ml/h) | 1131 | 2800 | 7754 |
与片剂相比的相对生物利用度(%) | 100 | 248 | 686 |
Cmax=口服后,血液中测定的最大浓度
tmax=从服用后至达到Cmax的时间
AUC=曲线下的面积:经过一定时间出现在血液中的总量的量度。
与片剂相比的相对生物利用度(%)=与得自片剂的生物利用度相比的相对生物利用度,用百分比表示。
Claims (21)
1.一种包含双液泡沫的口服药物递送系统,所述双液泡沫包含:
1重量%~20重量%的连续亲水相,
70重量%~98重量%的形成不连续相的药用油,所述药用油中溶解或分散有0.1重量%~20重量%的亲脂性的水溶性差的药物,
其中所述水溶性差的药物是在水中的溶解量低于1重量%的药物,
而且,所述双液泡沫包含0.5重量%~5重量%的表面活性剂,以便形成稳定的双液泡沫,
其中所有的百分比均基于制剂的总重量。
2.如权利要求1所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述连续亲水相是水相。
3.如权利要求2所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述水相是水。
4.如权利要求2所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述水相中混有盐或助溶剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述连续亲水相是非水性溶剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述非水性溶剂是脂肪醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油或它们的混合物。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述药用油为甘油单酸酯、甘油二酸酯、甘油三酸酯或它们的混合物。
8.如权利要求7所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述甘油单酸酯、甘油二酸酯或甘油三酸酯为含6~22个碳原子的脂肪酸的甘油酯。
9.如权利要求1所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述表面活性剂包含烷基聚乙二醇醚、烷基聚乙二醇酯、乙氧基化的醇、聚氧乙烯失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、氢化蓖麻油/含25~60个乙氧基的聚氧乙烯二醇加合物、蓖麻油/含25~45个乙氧基的聚氧乙烯二醇加合物或它们的混合物。
10.如权利要求1所述的口服药物递送系统,所述口服药物递送系统中包含助乳化剂,所述助乳化剂的量足以使所述水溶性差的药物完全溶剂化。
11.如权利要求10所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述助乳化剂为磷酸甘油酯或磷脂。
12.如权利要求1所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述不连续相占双液泡沫的85重量%~96重量%。
13.如权利要求12所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述不连续相占双液泡沫的90重量%~95重量%。
14.如权利要求1所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述连续亲水相占双液泡沫的2重量%~10重量%。
15.如权利要求1所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述水溶性差的药物是镇痛药和抗炎药、驱肠虫的药物、抗心律失常的药物、抗凝血剂、抗抑郁药、抗糖尿病的药物、抗癫痫药、抗真菌药、抗痛风药、抗高血压药、抗疟药、抗偏头痛药、抗毒蕈碱剂、抗肿瘤药、抗原虫药、抗甲状腺素的药物、抗焦虑药、镇静剂、安眠药或安定药、皮质激素类药物、利尿剂、抗帕金森病的药物、肠胃病药、组胺H-受体拮抗剂、血脂调节剂、抗心绞痛药物、营养药物、鸦片类止痛药、性激素、兴奋剂或它们的混合物。
16.如权利要求1所述的口服药物递送系统,所述口服药物递送系统是单位剂型。
17.如权利要求16所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述单位剂型包含填充有所述双液泡沫的胶囊。
18.如权利要求17所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述胶囊是硬或软明胶胶囊。
19.如权利要求1所述的口服药物递送系统,所述口服药物递送系统是可稀释浓缩物的形式。
20.如权利要求19所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述口服药物递送系统可以无限地稀释在助溶剂中。
21.如权利要求1所述的口服药物递送系统,其中所述表面活性剂包含离子或非离子表面活性剂。
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101780037B (zh) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-11-16 | 南昌大学 | 双嘧达莫自乳化给药系统及其制备方法 |
CN103533962A (zh) * | 2011-03-14 | 2014-01-22 | 药品配送方案有限公司 | 一种眼用组合物 |
CN107875117A (zh) * | 2011-04-11 | 2018-04-06 | 维特斯集团 | 口服药物分散组合物 |
US10966926B2 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2021-04-06 | Vitux Group As | Oral pharmaceutical dispersion compositions |
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GB0404403D0 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2004-03-31 | Disperse Ltd | Dispersions |
US10265265B2 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2019-04-23 | Drug Delivery Solutions Limited | Topical composition |
GB0712389D0 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2007-08-01 | Drug Delivery Solutions Ltd | A Pharmaceutical composition |
EP2008651A1 (en) | 2007-06-26 | 2008-12-31 | Drug Delivery Solutions Limited | A bioerodible patch |
EP3542788A1 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-25 | MC2 Therapeutics Limited | Topical composition comprising calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate |
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US4486333A (en) * | 1981-04-10 | 1984-12-04 | Felix Sebba | Preparation of biliquid foam compositions |
US4999198A (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1991-03-12 | The Board Of Governors For Higher Education, State Of Rhode Island And Providence Plantations | Polyaphrons as a drug delivery system |
US5840881A (en) * | 1992-11-27 | 1998-11-24 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Composition containing a water-insoluble or slightly water-soluble compound with enhanced water-solubility |
WO1997032559A1 (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1997-09-12 | Disperse Technologies Limited | Dispersions comprising an oil-based biliquid foam and an aqueous gel |
NL1003503C2 (nl) * | 1996-07-04 | 1998-01-07 | Negma Steba International Dev | Farmaceutische samenstelling voor orale toediening. |
GB2326337A (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 1998-12-23 | Phares Pharma Holland | Homogeneous lipid compositions for drug delivery |
DE60105362T2 (de) * | 2000-02-22 | 2005-02-17 | Color Access, Inc. | Wässrige kosmetische gele |
GB0214793D0 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2002-08-07 | Disperse Technologies Plc | Biliquid foam entrapment |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101780037B (zh) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-11-16 | 南昌大学 | 双嘧达莫自乳化给药系统及其制备方法 |
US10966926B2 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2021-04-06 | Vitux Group As | Oral pharmaceutical dispersion compositions |
CN103533962A (zh) * | 2011-03-14 | 2014-01-22 | 药品配送方案有限公司 | 一种眼用组合物 |
CN103533962B (zh) * | 2011-03-14 | 2018-05-18 | 药品配送方案有限公司 | 一种眼用组合物 |
CN107875117A (zh) * | 2011-04-11 | 2018-04-06 | 维特斯集团 | 口服药物分散组合物 |
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CN101579311B (zh) | 2013-11-27 |
EP1653923A2 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
DE602004026879D1 (de) | 2010-06-10 |
RU2353350C2 (ru) | 2009-04-27 |
RU2006106173A (ru) | 2007-09-10 |
ATE465715T1 (de) | 2010-05-15 |
ZA200600761B (en) | 2007-05-30 |
AU2004261053A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
GB0317869D0 (en) | 2003-09-03 |
EP1653923B1 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
AU2004261053B2 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
US20060228408A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
JP4953815B2 (ja) | 2012-06-13 |
JP2007500181A (ja) | 2007-01-11 |
CA2533833C (en) | 2013-05-28 |
DK1653923T3 (da) | 2010-08-09 |
ES2344898T3 (es) | 2010-09-09 |
CN1832727A (zh) | 2006-09-13 |
WO2005011628A2 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
WO2005011628A3 (en) | 2005-05-06 |
CA2533833A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
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