CN101553340A - 物质的接合方法、物质接合装置以及接合体及其制造方法 - Google Patents
物质的接合方法、物质接合装置以及接合体及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101553340A CN101553340A CNA200780035054XA CN200780035054A CN101553340A CN 101553340 A CN101553340 A CN 101553340A CN A200780035054X A CNA200780035054X A CN A200780035054XA CN 200780035054 A CN200780035054 A CN 200780035054A CN 101553340 A CN101553340 A CN 101553340A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种在利用非线形吸收现象进行物质的接合的基础上,大幅度地缓和准确地形成超短脉冲激光的焦点形成位置的困难性,并适于实用的两个物质的接合方法和接合装置、接合物及其制造方法。上述物质的接合方法利用超短脉冲激光束产生非线形吸收现象来接合两个物质,其中,上述两个物质中位于上述超短脉冲激光束入射侧的物质由透明材料(1)构成,使在由上述透明材料(1)构成的物质内的通过上述超短脉冲激光束的自聚焦效应生成的丝状区域(6)在上述两个物质的接合面处生成来接合上述两个物质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及利用超短脉冲激光束将2个物质接合的接合方法、以及该接合所使用的物质接合装置,还涉及使用该接合方法制造的接合体及其制造方法。
背景技术
已知有利用从飞母托秒(1×10-15)到皮秒(1×10-12)级的超短脉冲激光(也称为飞母托秒激光),将由透明材料形成的两个物质接合的方法(专利文献1)。
该方法如下所述:将硅玻璃等相对于超短脉冲激光束透明的物质叠合并压接保持,对其照射被调整成聚光在其相接部分的超短脉冲激光束,生成由激光束产生的多光子吸收现象,从而使叠合的被接合物质中的至少任一方熔融来进行接合。
这样,通过利用由激光束产生的多光子吸收现象,不再需要在接合物质间配置吸光材料,而这在以往透明的物质间进行激光接合时是必需的,因此接合作业变得容易,而且起到不产生因吸光材料所导致的透射率降低等问题等这样的效果。
专利文献1:日本特开2005-66629号公报
但是,在上述以往的方法中,需要将超短脉冲激光束的焦点准确地形成在两个被接合物质的相接部分,而被接合物质对激光束是透明的,因此存在很难知道激光束的焦点形成位置这样的问题。
因此,在上述以往的方法中,例如在接合2张玻璃时,需要预先利用激光消融对其一个面进行损伤,以能够光学检测接合面,或者一边从接合面侧照射卤化物灯来确认激光束的聚焦情况和接合情况,一边进行接合作业。另外,由于存在必须准确地将激光束的焦点形成在2个被接合物质的相接部分这样的限制,因此产生了必须将激光束的入射方向保持在与接合面垂直的方向这样的问题。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于,解决上述以往的问题,在利用多光子吸收现象进行物质接合的基础上,大幅度地缓和了准确地形成超短脉冲激光的焦点形成位置的困难性,获得适于实用的物质的接合方法和用于该接合方法的物质接合装置、使用该接合方法制造的接合体以及接合体的制造方法。
为了解决上述问题,本发明的第一物质的接合方法是:利用超短脉冲激光束产生非线形吸收现象来接合两个物质,其特征在于,上述两个物质中位于上述超短脉冲激光束入射侧的第1物质由透明材料形成,使利用在上述第1物质内的上述超短脉冲激光束的自聚焦效应生成的丝状区域(filamentary region)在上述两个物质的接合面处生成来接合上述两个物质。
在此,第1物质由透明材料形成的定义中的透明是指,超短脉冲激光束被入射到被接合的物质时,在产生非线形吸收现象的范围内是透明的。因此,被接合的物质对可见光是否透明的不是问题。也就是说,作为构件一般地是否被认为具有高的透明度在本发明中不成为问题,即使是一般看来被判断为不具有高的透明度的构件,只要使超短脉冲激光束产生非线形吸收现象,则在本发明的定义中,该物质即被称为由透明材料形成的物质。在本说明书中称为“透明”的情况是由上述定义所定义的情况。
在本发明的第一物质的接合方法中,通过上述限定内容,能够在规定长度范围内生成的丝状区域处接合两个物质,因此不需要将超短脉冲激光束的焦点位置准确地对准两个被接合物质的相接部,从而能够提供适于实用的接合方法。
另外,本发明的第二物质的接合方法是:利用超短脉冲激光束产生非线形吸收现象来接合两个物质,其特征在于,上述两个物质中位于上述超短脉冲激光束入射侧的第1物质由透明材料形成,上述两个物质中位于与上述超短脉冲激光束入射侧不同侧的第2物质是反射上述超短脉冲激光束的物质。
这样,超短脉冲激光束在两个物质的相接部处被反射,因此能够容易且准确地检测出其焦点位置,从而不需要为了使脉冲激光的焦点位置对准相接部的非常困难的作业,从而能够提供适于实用的接合方法。
另外,本发明的第一物质接合装置的特征在于,其具有:照射超短脉冲激光束的照射部件;保持部件,其将作为被接合物质的两个物质中由透明材料形成的第1物质设置在上述超短脉冲激光束的入射侧,将第2物质设置在第1物质的相反侧,该保持部件以压接状态保持上述两个物质;以及搭载上述保持部件并使上述两个物质相对于上述超短脉冲激光束的相对位置变更的移动部件;上述照射部件以在包括上述两个物质的接合面处生成丝状区域的照射条件照射上述超短脉冲激光束。
这样,能够实现这样的接合装置:使丝状区域生成在两个物质的接合面的期望的位置处,从而能够容易地进行两个物质的接合。
此外,本发明的第二物质接合装置的特征在于,其具有:照射超短脉冲激光束的照射部件;保持部件,其将作为被接合物的两个物质中由透明材料形成的第1物质设置在上述超短脉冲激光束的入射侧,将反射超短脉冲激光束的第2物质设置在第1物质的相反侧,该保持部件以压接状态保持上述两个物质;以及搭载上述保持部件并使上述两个物质相对于上述超短脉冲激光束的相对位置变更的移动部件。
这样,能够实现富于实用性的接合装置:其能够容易地将由透明材料形成的第1物质与反射超短脉冲束的第2物质接合。
此外,本发明的接合体是使用本发明的第一物质的接合方法将两个物质接合而制造得到的。另外,本发明的接合体的制造方法的特征在于,使用本发明的第一物质的接合方法来制造接合体。
这样,能够容易地制造将透明的构件与另一构件接合而成的接合体。
根据本发明的物质的接合方法、物质接合装置以及接合体及其制造方法,在利用非线形吸收现象来进行两个物质的接合的基础上,能够大幅度地缓和将超短脉冲激光束的焦点形成在准确的位置的困难性,并能够以适于实用的状况来进行两个物质的接合,从而能够容易获得两个物质的接合体。
附图说明
图1是表示丝状区域的生成状态的示意图。
图2表示丝状区域的生成条件和生成状况。
图3是表示两个物质的接合过程的示意图。
图4是表示固定被接合物质的夹具的概况的立体图。
图5是接合强度试验器的示意图。
图6是表示光束倾斜地进行扫描的情况的示意图。
图7表示本发明的实施方式的物质接合装置的构成的概略图。
符号说明
1第1物质 2第2物质
3聚焦透镜 4超短脉冲激光束
5焦点 6丝状区域
7接合区域 8接合部
9激光束 10按压力
11激光束扫描方向 12改性(变质)区域
13上侧板 14下侧固定板
15突起 16固定螺钉
17基座 18支柱
19滑轮组 20线
21盘 22重物
23倾斜方向 24激光照射装置
25ND滤波器 26快门
27凹透镜 28凸透镜
29光圈 30镜子
31摄像机 32控制装置
33XY工作台
具体实施方式
本发明的第一物质的接合方法是利用超短脉冲激光束产生非线形吸收现象来接合两个物质的方法,上述两个物质中位于上述超短脉冲激光束入射侧的第1物质由透明材料形成,使利用在上述第1物质内的上述超短脉冲激光束的自聚焦效应产生的丝状区域在上述两个物质的接合面处生成来接合上述两个物质。
并且,这样的本发明的第一物质的接合方法由于能够在规定长度范围内生成的丝状区域处接合两个物质,因此是不需要将超短脉冲激光束的焦点位置准确地对准两个被接合物质的相接部的适于实用的接合方法。
在这样的本发明的第一物质的接合方法中,优选上述第1物质是玻璃或透明的树脂。作为由透明材料形成的物质,通过使用这些物质,能够通过激光束的自聚焦作用良好地生成丝状区域。
另外,上述两个物质中位于与上述超短脉冲激光束入射侧不同侧的第2物质可以为与上述第1物质同种类的透明材料。
另外,上述两个物质中位于与上述超短脉冲激光束入射侧不同侧的第2物质可以是与上述第1物质不同种类的透明材料。此时,优选上述第2物质是玻璃、金属、硅、金属或硅的化合物、半导体或半导体化合物、或树脂中的任一种,并且,优选上述金属是不锈钢、铁、钢、铝或铜中的任一个,或是它们中的至少一个的合金。
这样,有效利用本发明的第一物质的接合方法的实用性,能够容易地将以往难以接合的物质彼此接合。
另外,在本发明的第一物质的接合方法中,优选上述超短脉冲激光束以相对于上述两个物质的接合面倾斜规定角度的状态入射,或优选上述超短脉冲激光束的倾斜方向与上述超短脉冲激光束的扫描方向相同或正相反的方向,或上述超短脉冲激光束的倾斜方向是与其扫描方向大致垂直的方向。这样,扩展了在接合两个物质时的激光束路径的自由度,能够应对各种状况下的接合,而且,能够防止超短激光束与两个物质的接合面垂直地入射时产生的弊病。
另外,在本发明的第一物质的接合方法中,优选上述两个物质通过隔开规定间隔地形成的多个岛状接合部来接合,或者上述两个物质通过隔开规定间隔地形成的具有规定长度的多个丝状接合部来接合。这样,能够接合作为两个被接合物质例如金属和玻璃这样的热膨胀系数差异较大的物质。
另外,本发明的第二物质的接合方法是利用超短脉冲激光束产生非线形吸收现象来接合两个物质的方法,上述两个物质中位于上述超短脉冲激光束入射侧的第1物质由透明材料形成,上述两个物质中位于与上述超短脉冲激光束入射侧不同侧的第2物质是反射上述超短脉冲激光束的物质。
这样的本发明的第二接合方法由于在两个物质的相接部处反射超短脉冲激光束,因此能够容易且准确地检测出其焦点位置,是不需要用于将脉冲激光的焦点位置对准相接部的特别困难的作业的适于实用的接合方法。
并且,在本发明的第二物质的接合方法中,上述第2物质优选是金属或金属化合物。另外,上述超短脉冲激光束优选以相对于上述两个物质的接合面倾斜规定角度的状态入射。
此外,本发明的第一物质接合装置具有:照射超短脉冲激光束的照射部件;保持部件,其将作为被接合物的两个物质中由透明材料形成的第1物质设置在上述超短脉冲激光束的入射侧,将第2物质设置在第1物质的相反侧,该保持部件以压接状态保持上述两个物质;以及搭载上述保持部件并使上述两个物质相对于上述超短脉冲激光束的相对位置变更的移动部件;上述照射部件以使丝状区域在包括上述两个物质的接合面的部分处生成这样的照射条件照射上述超短脉冲激光束。
另外,本发明的第二物质接合装置具有:照射超短脉冲激光束的照射部件;保持部件,其将作为被接合物的两个物质中由透明材料形成的第1物质设置在上述超短脉冲激光束的入射侧,将反射上述超短脉冲激光束的第2物质设置在第1物质的相反侧,该保持部件以压接状态保持上述两个物质;以及搭载上述保持部件并使上述两个物质相对于上述超短脉冲激光束的相对位置变更的移动部件。
这样,本发明的第一物质接合装置和第二物质接合装置能够容易地进行对两个物质的接合面照射超短脉冲激光束和用于接合两个物质的超短脉冲激光束的扫描。
此外,本发明的接合体是使用本发明的第一物质的接合方法将两个物质接合而制造得到的。另外,本发明的接合体的制造方法使用本发明的第一物质的接合方法将两个物质接合。这样,能够容易地制造将透明的构件和另一构件接合而成的接合体。
并且,在本发明的接合体及其制造方法中,优选上述两个物质是由在基板内形成有半导体区域的半导体基板和透明材料构成的光学元件,或者上述两个物质都是透明的光学元件。这样,能够容易制造搭载有光学元件的半导体元件、多个光学元件接合而成的复合的光学元件。
下面参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
(第1实施方式)
下面将本发明的第一物质的接合方法作为第1实施方式进行说明;但在说明具体的实施方式之前,对本实施方式的接合方法中的最重要的一点即丝状区域及其生成的原理进行说明。
脉冲宽度在从飞母托秒到皮秒级别的超短脉冲激光束入射到玻璃等透明物质上时,激光束基本上具有高斯型的空间强度分布,因此在非线形介质中,光的强度强的中心部分的折射率比其他部分高,介质本身作为正透镜而发挥作用。因此,认为产生入射光集中于一点这样的自聚焦作用,超短脉冲激光束在透明物质中传播有限距离之后光束直径变得极小。
但是,实际上,发生介质的光离子化而在物质内产生形成电子和离子处于自由移动的状况的等离子体,介质的折射率降低。当这样3维的非线形光学效果和等离子体形成所导致的折射率的减少达到均衡时,超短脉冲激光束就保持固定的光束直径传播规定距离。该现象称为成丝,发生丝状形成的区域称为丝状区域。并且,认为在该丝状区域中,等离子体密度保持恒定,处于难以产生破坏性的损伤的状况。
另外,从发明人确认的结果可知,若脉冲激光束的最大功率大,则脉冲宽度在达到100纳(1×10-9)秒左右时丝状区域形成。在本实施方式说明的本发明的第一物质的接合方法中,使丝状区域生成,并利用其接合两个物质,因此丝状区域的生成成为进行接合的超短脉冲激光束的生成条件。换言之,本实施方式的物质的接合方法所定义的“超短脉冲激光束”是指包括具有达到100纳秒左右的脉冲宽度的激光束。
图1是示意性地表示这样的丝状区域的生成的示意图。图1(a)是表示未生成丝状区域的以往的接合方法的激光束的状况的图,超短脉冲激光束4在激光束入射侧的由透明材料形成的第1物质1与位于其相反侧的第2物质2之间的接合面附近被聚焦透镜3聚光形成作为光束直径的极小值部分即焦点5。
与此相对,在表示发生丝状形成的状态的图1(b)中,超短脉冲激光束4透过聚焦透镜3后,在由透明材料形成的第1物质1内利用自聚焦作用形成了最小直径部分后,通过与等离子体现象均衡生成在一定距离内维持保持最小直径状况的丝状区域6,在该状态下,进入到第2物质2内部,随着激光束的能量降低、自聚焦作用减弱,光束直径增大,丝状区域6消失。
发明人实际上使用硅玻璃(石英玻璃),用超短脉冲激光束尝试使丝状区域发生。图2表示发生单条丝状区域的条件和所生成的丝状区域的大小的一览表。另外,在图2中丝状区域的长度是指通过生成丝状区域,该部分的玻璃熔融,在照射超短脉冲激光束后能够判断为硅玻璃的折射率发生变化的区域的部分的激光束光轴方向的距离(深度),丝状区域的直径是指在产生上述折射率的变化的区域在与激光束光轴垂直的面上的直径。
如图2所示,可知在数值孔径(NA)为0.05~0.55这样宽的范围内产生了丝状区域。
另外,在各数值孔径(NA)中,当脉冲能量小于图2所示的范围时,看不到丝状区域的生成,相反,若施加大于图2所示的范围的脉冲能量,则发生丝状区域平行的多条生成的多丝现象,硅玻璃产生变黑的空穴(viod)区域。
由于认为即使在该空穴区域硅玻璃也发生熔融,因此只要能使空穴区域生成在两个物质的相接面,就也能够利用空穴区域接合两个物质。不过,充分地控制发生多丝现象使之成为空穴区域的区域与生成单条丝状区域的情况相比相当地困难。另外,在形成有单条丝状区域的部分中硅玻璃的透射率的降低在10%左右,而在空穴区域中透射率的降低大到50%以上。
因此,作为超短脉冲束的照射条件,在多丝现象发生的条件下来进行物质的接合时,考虑到接合的两个物质中的一个物质是不透明的情况等,两个物质被接合而形成的接合体时,优选仅限于整个接合体被要求的透明性等光学特性不那么高的情况。
另一方面,用超短脉冲激光束描绘光波导路的情况、将由透明的玻璃材料构成的光学元件彼此接合而作为整体来制造透明的光学元件的情况等,优选调整脉冲能量以使多丝现象不产生。
另外,观测到在数值孔径(NA)较大的情况下也容易发生多丝现象。而且知道,数值孔径越小越能形成长的丝状区域。这意味着能够使用比较廉价的透镜作为聚焦激光束的透镜,从这一点也可知本发明的接合方法是实用的方法。
被观察的单条丝状区域的长度较短的为10μm左右,较长的也达到几百μm,但丝状区域的直径在任何条件下都稳定在大约1.7μm。该现象清楚地证明了上述激光束的自聚焦作用与等离子体的发生所导致的光束发散作用发生均衡而形成丝状区域这一原理。如此可知,由于在丝状区域中恒定的光束直径的状态在规定距离范围内生成,因此在考虑到使用超短脉冲激光束来接合物质时,与以往那样的将激光束的焦点准确地形成在两个物质的相接部的情况相比,这种控制特别地容易。
另外,在本发明的定义中,丝状区域的生成是指如上所述那样超短脉冲激光束在规定长度范围内产生了保持最小的光束直径。与此相对,在如以往的接合方法中所使用的那样的形成通常的焦点的情况下,其焦点深度即使最大,在激光束的光轴方向也达不到2~3μm,只要确认最小的光束直径的状态沿光轴方向在多大的长度范围内产生,就能容易地判断是否生成了丝状区域。
另外,是否生成了该丝状区域也可以通过观察光束照射后的玻璃来确认。在生成了丝状区域的情况下,相当于所生成的丝状区域的深度的部分的玻璃的折射率上升,用光学显微镜观察可见发白(明亮)。并且,该白的区域的上下端的交界部虽然平滑,但产生了一定程度的急剧变化,其上下的原来的玻璃本身的状态与残留的透明区域相联。换言之,在生成了丝状区域的整个深度范围内残留有层状的变性部分。与此相对,如以往的接合方法那样在使焦点形成在两个物质的相接面的情况下,不发生形成丝状区域时那样的层状的白色区域,而只是接合面的部分变白。
如此,认为用光学显微镜观察玻璃变白的原因即在于,在丝状区域利用超短脉冲激光束,在原本由于透明而不吸收的物质中,引起了由多光子吸收和电场离子化所引发的光吸收现象,该部分的玻璃一旦熔融,则光束消失同时迅速被冷却而发生再凝固。利用该现象,利用超短脉冲激光束能够接合两个物质。并且,根据该方法,能够不破坏未形成丝状区域的接合构件的表面地来接合两个物质,另外,超短脉冲束的脉冲宽度由于小于一般的被接合材料的热扩散所需要的时间,因此能够进行尽可能避免了热变形的接合。
此外,由于丝状区域沿超短脉冲激光束的光轴方向发生,因此若在接合两个物质的接合面上的被接合物质的间隔小于丝状区域的长度,则不需要使试样本身和聚焦透镜等光学系统沿光轴方向移动来移动聚光点。另外,在磷酸盐玻璃等玻璃中,由于丝状区域生成,玻璃的折射率减少,用光学显微镜观察可见变黑(发暗),在被重叠起来的玻璃的交界部形成有层状的变性区域部分,能够在与折射率上升的情况下以同样的过程进行接合。
接着,作为本发明的第一接合方法的实施方式,使用图3和图4对使用由超短脉冲激光束所生成的丝状区域对两个物质进行接合的物质的接合方法的具体的内容进行说明。
在此,图3(a)、(b)、(c)是表示接合区域形成过程的示意的俯视图,另外,图3(d)、(e)、(f)是分别表示从侧面观察图3(a)、(b)、(c)的状态时的示意图。
首先作为试样,准备2张7mm×20mm、厚度为0.7mm的硅玻璃,对表面进行洗涤并使之叠合。在该试样的中央部分形成了用于接合两个试样的接合区域7。接合区域7是边长约为400μm的正方形的区域,图3(a)表示还未进行接合作业的状态的接合区域7。其中,如接合区域7形成后的俯视图的图3(c)所示,在纵向和横向以相互间隔20μm地形成9个边长为100μm的正方形的接合部8。具体来说,如图3(b)所示,对于一个一个的接合部8,沿图中横向在100μm的范围内扫描激光束9,之后沿图中纵向使照射位置移动1μm左右之后再沿横向进行激光束照射,反复进行该工序。
此时的激光束是由Titan(钛)-Sapphire(蓝宝石)激光系统生成的,中心波长为800nm、脉冲宽度为85fs,重复频率为1kHz。另外,激光束聚焦系统的数值孔径(NA)为0.3,能量为1.0uJ/脉冲。
作为超短脉冲激光束入射侧的由透明材料形成的第1物质1的硅玻璃与作为第2物质2的硅玻璃从侧面观察如图3(d)所示在上侧的两端部分和下侧的中央部分施加按压力10,以使得二者充分地密合,在接合区域7中施加大约40MPa的压力。具体来说,使用了图4所示的固定用夹具。在图4中,用表示为上侧板13和下侧的固定板14的一对铁制板夹着试样1、2的叠合物,用固定螺钉16调整按压力以使其紧固。在下侧的固定板14的中央设置半球状的突起15,并调整成在被超短脉冲激光束照射的部分处可靠地使两个试样间隔为激光束波长的四分之一左右。
如处于照射超短脉冲激光束状态的侧视图的图3(e)所示,在上述条件下被照射的超短脉冲激光束4透过聚焦透镜3后,与图1(b)所示相同,生成了长度约为30μm的单条丝状区域6。另外,图3(e)中的箭头11表示激光束扫描方向。
在这样生成的丝状区域中,通过局部的硅玻璃发生熔融及之后的再凝固,使得两个被接合物质被激光熔接。并且可知,由于该丝状区域沿光轴方向在规定长度上形成,因此不需要使聚光点沿光轴方向扫描,并以两个被接合物质的相接面为中心使被接合物质双方熔融到规定的深度,从而适于激光接合。
图3(f)表示从侧方向观察被接合后的由透明材料形成的物质1和作为另一物质2的硅玻璃的状态。如图3(f)所示,2张硅玻璃以其相接面为中心,仅在激光束扫描的部分处形成极少的呈白色的变性(变质)区域12。在这次的条件下,能够确认呈白色的变性(变质)区域的深度(激光束光轴方向的长度)与丝状区域的长度相等,大约为30μm。
接着,检查这样被接合的2张硅玻璃的接合强度。图5是发明人测量接合强度的试验器的概略示意图。如图5所示,将支柱18竖立在基座17上,以能自由旋转的方式设置滑轮组19。然后,将线20粘接在被接合的2张被粘接物质即硅玻璃的激光束入射侧的由透明材料形成的物质1上,向设置在该线的另一端的盘21上添加重物22,测定直至接合的试样分为二个的荷重。然后,用此时得到的荷重的值除以接合面积,计算出接合强度。
从其结果可确认,在上述条件下接合2张硅玻璃时的接合强度约为15MPa,足够用于实用的强度。另外,该接合强度由接合的玻璃彼此间的粘附度决定。并且,该玻璃的粘附度根据接合玻璃的大小和玻璃进行接合时按压力的大小而变化。根据发明人确认的结果,在能得到最佳条件的情况下,玻璃的拉伸强度最大为50MPa左右的接合强度。
以上,具体说明了使用丝状区域的本实施方式的物质的接合方法,虽然一直在说明将硅玻璃彼此接合的情况,但能够用本实施方式的接合方法进行接合的部件并不限于硅玻璃。例如,如上述的硅玻璃之间那样,作为同种类的透明材料的玻璃之间的接合例子,可有硼硅酸盐玻璃之间的接合等。
另外,并不限于同种类的玻璃之间的接合,也能够接合像硅玻璃和硼硅酸盐玻璃那样不同种类的玻璃。
另外,作为在被超短脉冲激光束照射时,在使超短脉冲激光束产生非线形吸收现象的范围内是透明的物质,并不限于以上所举例说明的硅玻璃或硼硅酸盐玻璃。例如,无碱性玻璃等其他的玻璃材料也能够作为由透明材料形成的物质用作第1物质。此外,透明性高的丙烯酸树脂等树脂类也能够用作超短脉冲激光束入射侧的由透明材料形成的第1物质。因此,也能够接合例如丙烯酸树脂。
这里,如上所述本实施方式的物质的接合方法为:当超短脉冲激光束入射侧的第1物质由透明材料形成时,通过控制所照射的超短脉冲激光束的条件,产生自聚焦作用,从而形成丝状区域。这样,由于形成的丝状区域,至少第1物质发生熔融,通过该熔融及熔融后的凝固能够接合两个物质。因此,只要超短脉冲激光束入射侧的由透明材料形成的第1物质由于超短脉冲激光束入射而形成丝状区域,则无论作为第1物质的接合对象的第2物质是怎样的材料,都能够将它们接合。
具体来说,作为由透明材料形成的第1物质,使用上述举例说明的硅玻璃或硼硅酸盐玻璃等玻璃类、透明性高的树脂类或除此之外的其它构件,作为与所述第1物质接合的另一个的第2物质,不论与第1物质是同种类的物质还是不同种类的物质,也不论其是否是由透明材料形成的物质,都能够对这两个物质进行接合。
发明人经具体地进行实验确认,第1物质为硅玻璃时,能够接合作为另一个的第2物质的丙烯酸树脂等树脂基板、硅基板、铝、铜或不锈钢等金属板等。并且,使用与上述图5所示的研究硅玻璃之间的接合力的试验器相同的试验器进行测量,结果与硅玻璃之间接合的情况相同,能得到14.9~15.0MPa的接合力。
这样,根据本实施方式的物质的接合方法,能够接合热膨胀系数不同的不同的不同种的物质,这是因为由超短脉冲激光束引起的非线形吸收现象在直径仅1~2μm这样极其狭窄的区域产生,且被接合物质的熔融在极短时间内结束。即,仅接合区域内的一部分熔融并再凝固,因此在该狭窄的区域中被接合物质之间的热膨胀本身的绝对值变化很小,而且随着光束的移动而逐渐被冷却并再凝固,被接合物质之间热膨胀系数的差异几乎不产生影响。
本实施方式的接合方法能够进行通常的激光熔接等由于热膨胀系数的差异而不能接合的玻璃与金属的接合,可期待其作为激光熔接方法能广泛地实际应用。另外,从本实施方式的接合方法的原理出发,在将热膨胀系数差异很大的不同种类的物质之间接合时,优选准确地调整超短脉冲激光束的脉冲宽度和重复频率。
另外,如上所述,可以确认利用本实施方式的接合方法能够进行玻璃和硅基板之间的接合。这表示通过使用本实施方式的接合方法,将透镜等透明的光学元件与半导体基板接合,作为接合物可以制造出具有光学功能的半导体元件,所述半导体基板是通过扩散工序或注入工序等在该基板内部形成有半导体区域,并通过切断成一个个芯片而能够作为半导体元件工作的半导体基板。即,利用本实施方式的接合方法,能够将由将玻璃或树脂等透明材料构成的光学透镜元件或封装件(パツケ一ジ)等层叠在半导体晶片上,并与处于形成为半导体器件状态的半导体晶片直接接合,从而能够进行所谓的晶片级封装。
另外,作为能够利用本实施方式的接合方法进行接合的半导体基板,并不限于上述的硅基板,也包括GaAS基板或GaN基板等化合物类的半导体基板。并且,通过使用采用了本实施方式的物质的接合方法的半导体元件的制造方法,能够将被切断成芯片单位的器件而制造的半导体元件,或经过半导体制造工序在内部形成有半导体区域的晶片基板与由玻璃和透明的树脂等构成的封装件和透镜等透明材料直接接合。其结果能够提供特别是作为CCD、激光或发光二极管(LED)等具有光学功能的半导体元件的制造方法的,覆盖大范围的产品的实用的制造方法。
此外,作为用本实施方式的物质的接合方法能够接合的金属板,已确认除了由以不锈钢、铁、钢、铝或铜等为主要单体的金属构成的金属板之外,也包括包含这些金属的至少一个的合金板,能够对这些金属板或合金板与硅玻璃等透明构件进行接合。
另外,如上所述,通过熔融两个极小的面积以进行物质的接合,例如以一致的状态保持玻璃与硅的晶体的方向,并利用本发明将两者接合,对其实施规定的退火工序,从而也能够形成硅和玻璃的单一晶体。在实现了这样的晶体的形成方法的情况下,表示能够用外延生长以外的方法制造晶体这样的划时代的成果。
并且,如上所述,在本实施方式的物质的接合方法中,通过恰当地生成丝状区域,能够将例如玻璃之间接合时产生的玻璃的透射率的降低抑制在10%左右。由此,例如,将导光板、光学透镜或棱镜等分别作为单体来观察时,抑制透过的光的衰减对由透明构件构成的光学元件的构件进行接合,从而能够制造作为接合物的光学元件。因此,当制造由于例如棱镜和透镜的复合体等、形状和所要求光学特性上的限制,而难以制造成单个的光学材料,且要求整体的光学特性具有高的透射率的光学元件等时,通过使用本实施方式的物质的接合方法,能够期待得到大的成果。
(第2实施方式)
接着,对本发明物质的接合方法的第2实施方式进行说明。
在本发明的第一物质的接合方法中,如上述作为第1实施方式所示的那样,在调整超短脉冲激光束的聚焦条件中,生成丝状区域是关键,第2实施方式充分利用在本发明的第一物质的接合方法中沿激光束的光轴方向在规定长度的范围内形成丝状区域这样的优点,将激光束倾斜地入射到被接合物质之间的接合面即相接部。
如上所述,在以往的超短脉冲激光束的熔接中,由于需要使被接合物质之间的相接部与激光束的聚焦点准确地对准,因此需要准确地保持激光束的聚焦光学系统与被接合物质之间的距离。因此,很明显容易发生激光束焦点的位置偏移,并非常难以将激光束相对于接合面倾斜地入射,在实用上可以说是不可能的。但是,作为本发明的第一物质的接合方法的特征的丝状区域如上所述沿激光束的光轴方向在规定的长度范围内内生成,因此激光束的聚焦光学系统与作为被接合物之间的相接面即接合面之间的距离存在一定的富余,产生激光束能够倾斜地入射这样实用上的优点。
作为使超短脉冲激光束相对于接合面倾斜规定角度地入射到接合面的方向,首先考虑使倾斜方向与光束的扫描方向为相同的方向或正相反的方向。
图6(a)是表示当将由透明材料形成的第1物质1和第2物质2接合时,超短脉冲激光束4沿与光束扫描方向11正相反的方向,即以激光束行进方向后方侧为倾斜方向23来进行扫描的状态的示意图。这样,由于光束的照射系统不在照射点的正上方,因此能够从其正上方可靠地监视照射点的位置和状况。另外,特别如将玻璃与金属进行接合时那样,当不是由透明材料形成的第1物质的一侧的第2物质2为反射激光束的物质时,在接合面处反射的光束沿照射时的光束路径反向行进,能够防止对聚光透镜和激光发生装置等造成不良影响。
另外,作为使超短脉冲激光束倾斜的另一方向,考虑使超短脉冲激光束沿与光束的扫描方向大致垂直的方向倾斜地光束照射。
图6(b)表示该状态,在此表示将从相对于光束扫描方向11垂直的方向即纸面的内侧朝向已侧的方向作为倾斜方向23来扫描光束的状态的示意图。这样,当例如被接合物的形状复杂、被配置在超短脉冲激光束入射侧的物质即由透明材料形成的第1物质的接合面的垂直上方的厚度因位置不同而不同时,能够避免如在接合面的垂直上方产生例如遮掩激光束或使之散乱那样的情况来进行接合。
另外,本实施方式的物质的接合方法仅在超短脉冲激光束的入射方向上与上述第1实施方式的物质的接合方法不同。因此,即使利用本实施方式的物质的接合方法,也能够与上述第1实施方式同样地将在第1实施方式中说明的各种构件接合。另外,不用说第2实施方式的物质的接合方法也能够与第1实施方式同样地用作被封装的半导体元件的制造方法或被接合的光学部件的制造方法。
(第3实施方式)
在本实施方式中,对利用超短脉冲激光束产生的非线形吸收现象将由玻璃等透明材料构成的物质与金属等反射超短脉冲激光束的物质进行接合进行说明。
在上述本发明的物质的接合方法的第1实施方式和第2实施方式中,说明了利用超短脉冲激光束生成丝状区域,能够接合各种物质。并且论述了,由于丝状区域是沿激光束的光轴方向在规定的长度上生成的,因此其是实用上优异的接合方法,其解决了以往超短脉冲激光束熔接时的问题,即持续监视激光束的焦点是否准确地形成在被接合物质的相接面处的困难性。
另一方面,根据上述第1实施方式所示的接合方法,为了使激光束产生自聚焦作用,配置在超短脉冲激光束入射侧的第1物质必须是由透明材料形成的物质,但作为与第1物质接合的对象的第2物质能够使用金属等反射激光束的构件,另外,只要接合区域处的激光束的点直径被充分缩窄,则能够使玻璃与金属这样以往由于相互的热膨胀系数的差值较大而不能利用激光束进行接合的物质相互接合。
这样,当使用金属等反射超短脉冲激光束的构件作为第2物质时,具有能够容易监视接合面处的激光束状态的优点,此时即使没有生成丝状区域,也能够容易地监视激光束直径并进行调整。换言之,通过使用反射超短脉冲激光束的物质作为第2物质,能够得到解决了以往接合方法中的问题的实用性充分的接合方法。在此,对于激光束的焦点的监视,使用通常使用的CCD等撮像元件的摄像机的方法、或通过形成焦点来测量激光束的反射亮度的最大值的方法等。
另外,如本实施方式那样,当配置在与激光束入射侧不同侧的第2物质为反射激光束的物质时,优选采用如在上述第2实施方式中说明的那样、使激光束从相对于被接合物质的接合面倾斜的方向照射的方法。这是因为这样,通过从相对于被接合物质的接合面倾斜的方向照射激光束,反射的激光束回到光束生成系统,从而能够防止对激光束的照射系机构造成不良影响。
另外,在相对于接合面不倾斜地照射激光束的情况下,如图6(a)所示,在激光束的倾斜方向为与光束扫描方向正相反的方向的情况下,能够期待利用在第2物质的接合面处的反射光束在由透明材料形成的第1物质的接合部分附近产生由一定程度的多光子吸收现象或电场离子化所诱发的光吸收现象。因此,在这样的情况下,更优选如第2物质是由透明材料形成的物质时那样,与在接合面处不产生激光束的反射的情况相比,降低照射的激光束的能量。
在发明人的实验中,在激光束从与接合面垂直的方向入射的情况下,即,在从外部照射的激光束和在接合面处反射的激光束同时入射到由透明材料形成的第1物质上的情况下,与在第2物质为硅玻璃那样不反射光束的物质的接合的情况相比,优选以大约60~70%的能够照射。
以上,对本发明的物质的接合方法以及使用了该接合方法的接合物的制造方法、其实施方式进行了具体的说明。在此,在上述的本发明的接合方法的各实施方式中,如图3(b)、(c)所示,作为两个物质的接合区域的形成方法,例示了隔开规定间隔呈岛状分布在正方形的接合部的情况,但是本发明的物质的接合方法中接合区域的形成方法不限于此。例如,也可以通过将利用规定距离的激光束扫描形成的丝状的接合部隔开规定距离地形成多个,来形成接合区域。
并且,在这样形成多个丝状的接合部的情况下,与上述的设有多个岛状的接合部的情况相同,在某个瞬间熔融的区域实际上被限定在激光束照射的极狭窄的区域内,因此不会改变例如将如玻璃与金属那样各自的热膨胀系数差异很大的物质相互接合这样的效果。但是,若激光束的扫描速度较快,则在激光束的照射下处于熔融状态的部分的长度变长,有可能在之后冷却进行再凝固时产生由热膨胀系数的差异导致的被接合物质的裂纹。因此,在采用丝状的熔接部形成熔接区域的情况下,需要充分注意上述光束脉冲宽度及其重复频率,并且需要注意激光束的扫描速度。
(第4实施方式)
下面,对作为第4实施方式的本发明的物质接合装置进行说明。
图7为表示本实施方式的物质接合装置的主要构成的概略构成图。
如图7所示,在本实施方式的物质接合装置中,将由透明材料形成的第1物质1和第2物质2载置在能够沿任意方向以规定量、规定速度移动的XY工作台33上,该第1物质1和第2物质2是利用使在第1实施方式中用图4说明的两个被接合构件密合以进行保持的固定用夹具(在本图中省略图示)等,在规定的加压条件下密合的。
从Titan-Sapphire增幅激光装置24射出的超短脉冲激光束4透过ND滤波器25、快门26、凹透镜27、凸透镜28等光学系统,在光圈29处约束外形。然后,在被镜子30反射后,用聚焦透镜3赋予规定的聚焦力并入射到接合区域。该超短脉冲激光束4的照射状况用具有CCD等撮像元件的监视摄像机31确认,基于该信息,控制装置32调整快门26和XY工作台33,从而控制装置整体。
本实施方式所示的物质接合装置中实际的超短脉冲激光束的照射条件、照射角度、激光束的扫描方向、被接合物质的种类等与作为本发明的物质的接合方法在实施方式1~3中说明的情况相同,因此在此省略了详细的说明。
例如,在图7中,图示了从接合面的垂直上方向被接合的第1物质1和第2物质2照射超短脉冲激光束4,但是在本发明的第2实施方式中表示的超短脉冲激光束的照射方向相对于接合面倾斜的情况下,优选通过使将被接合物质1和2密合的未图示的固定用夹具倾斜,使相对于被接合物质的超短脉冲激光束的光轴倾斜。调整超短脉冲激光的照射机构,使照射到被接合物的激光束的路径发生倾斜,该调整是困难的,因此在被接合物质很小的情况下,使被接合物倾斜也能够简化物质接合装置的构成。
另外,本发明的物质的接合方法的第3实施方式表示:对于物质接合装置中的超短脉冲激光束的照射机构、或使被接合物移动的XY工作台等,接合作为第2物质的反射超短脉冲激光束的物体时使用的物质接合装置,与实施作为上述第1和第2实施方式表示的接合方法时使用的物质接合装置并没有不同。
但是,在使用反射超短脉冲激光束的材料作为第2物质的情况下,作为其使用的物质接合装置,也可以在下点上不同:即不将超短脉冲激光束的照射条件控制成形成丝状区域的条件。
从以上的说明可知,本发明的接合方法、接合装置以及接合物及其制造方法能够将由同种类或不同种类的玻璃等透明材料构成的构件相互结合,或将由透明材料形成的构件与不同种类的树脂基板、硅基板、金属板、半导体基板等接合,因此可期待用于以光学领域为主的广泛领域。
Claims (22)
1.一种物质的接合方法,其利用超短脉冲激光束产生非线形吸收现象来接合两个物质,其特征在于,
所述两个物质中位于所述超短脉冲激光束入射侧的第1物质由透明材料形成,
使利用在所述第1物质内的所述超短脉冲激光束的自聚焦效应生成的丝状区域在所述两个物质的接合面处生成来接合所述两个物质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的物质的接合方法,其特征在于,所述第1物质是玻璃或透明的树脂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的物质的接合方法,其特征在于,所述两个物质中位于与所述超短脉冲激光束入射侧不同侧的第2物质由与所述第1物质同种类的透明材料形成。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的物质的接合方法,其特征在于,所述两个物质中位于与所述超短脉冲激光束入射侧不同侧的第2物质是与所述第1物质不同种类的物质。
5.根据权利要求4所述的物质的接合方法,其特征在于,所述第2物质是玻璃、金属、硅、金属或硅的化合物、半导体或半导体化合物、或树脂中的任一个。
6.根据权利要求5所述的物质的接合方法,其特征在于,所述金属是不锈钢、铁、钢、铝或铜中的任一个、或它们中的至少一个的合金。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的物质的接合方法,其特征在于,所述超短脉冲激光束以相对于所述两个物质的接合面倾斜规定角度的状态入射。
8.根据权利要求7所述的物质的接合方法,其特征在于,所述超短脉冲激光束的倾斜方向是与其扫描方向相同或正相反的方向。
9.根据权利要求7所述的物质的接合方法,其特征在于,所述超短脉冲激光束的倾斜方向是与其扫描方向大致垂直的方向。
10.根据权利要求1~9中任一项所述的物质的接合方法,其特征在于,所述两个物质通过隔开规定间隔地形成的多个岛状接合部来接合。
11.根据权利要求1~9中任一项所述的物质的接合方法,其特征在于,所述两个物质通过隔开规定间隔地形成的具有规定长度的多个丝状接合部来接合。
12.一种物质的接合方法,其利用超短脉冲激光束产生非线形吸收现象来接合两个物质,其特征在于,所述两个物质中位于所述超短脉冲激光束入射侧的第1物质由透明材料形成,
所述两个物质中位于与所述超短脉冲激光束入射侧不同侧的第2物质是反射所述超短脉冲激光束的物质。
13.根据权利要求7所述的物质的接合方法,其特征在于,所述第2物质是金属或金属化合物。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的物质的接合方法,其特征在于,所述超短脉冲激光束以相对于所述两个物质的接合面倾斜规定角度的状态入射。
15.一种物质接合装置,其特征在于,具有:
照射部件,其照射超短脉冲激光束;
保持部件,其将作为被接合物的两个物质中由透明材料形成的第1物质设置在所述超短脉冲激光束的入射侧,将第2物质设置在第1物质的相反侧,该保持部件以压接状态保持所述两个物质;以及
移动部件,其搭载所述保持部件并使所述两个物质相对于所述超短脉冲激光束的相对位置变更;
所述照射部件以使丝状区域位于包括所述两个物质的接合面的部分处的照射条件照射所述超短脉冲激光束。
16.一种物质接合装置,其特征在于,具有:
照射部件,其照射超短脉冲激光束;
保持部件,其将作为被接合物的两个物质中由透明材料形成的第1物质设置在所述超短脉冲激光束的入射侧,将反射所述超短脉冲激光束的第2物质设置在第1物质的相反侧,该保持部件以压接状态保持所述两个物质;以及
移动部件,其搭载所述保持部件并使所述两个物质相对于所述超短脉冲激光束的相对位置变更。
17.一种接合体,其特征在于,其是使用权利要求1~11中任一项所述的物质的接合方法接合两个物质而制造得到的。
18.根据权利要求17所述的接合体,其特征在于,所述两个物质是在基板内形成有半导体区域的半导体基板和透明的光学元件。
19.根据权利要求17所述的接合体,其特征在于,所述两个物质均是透明的光学元件。
20.一种接合体的制造方法,其特征在于,使用权利要求1~11中任一项所述的物质的接合方法来制造将两个物质接合而成的接合体。
21.根据权利要求20所述的接合体的制造方法,其特征在于,所述两个物质是在基板内形成有半导体区域的半导体基板和透明的光学元件。
22.根据权利要求20所述的接合体的制造方法,其特征在于,所述两个物质均是透明的光学元件。
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- 2007-09-21 WO PCT/JP2007/068413 patent/WO2008035770A1/ja active Search and Examination
- 2007-09-21 KR KR1020097007819A patent/KR101091370B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-09-21 CN CNA200780035054XA patent/CN101553340A/zh active Pending
- 2007-09-21 EP EP07807744.3A patent/EP2075082B1/en active Active
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US10293551B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2019-05-21 | Picosys Incorporated | Room temperature glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic and glass-to-ceramic/semiconductor bonding |
CN106186734A (zh) * | 2011-11-08 | 2016-12-07 | 皮科塞斯公司 | 室温玻璃到玻璃、玻璃到塑料及玻璃到陶瓷/半导体结合 |
US11571860B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2023-02-07 | Corning Incorporated | Room temperature glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic and glass-to-ceramic/semiconductor bonding |
CN106186734B (zh) * | 2011-11-08 | 2019-07-16 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 室温玻璃到玻璃、玻璃到塑料及玻璃到陶瓷/半导体结合的方法 |
CN102909474B (zh) * | 2012-10-24 | 2015-05-13 | 天津大学 | 一种对透明材料进行焊接的方法 |
CN102909474A (zh) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-02-06 | 天津大学 | 一种对透明材料进行焊接的方法 |
TWI551385B (zh) * | 2012-12-21 | 2016-10-01 | 普里莫席勒公司 | 利用聚焦雷射光束將包含基材的部件焊接在一起的方法 |
CN107199400A (zh) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-09-26 | 北京万恒镭特机电设备有限公司 | 一种激光焊接装置 |
CN107199400B (zh) * | 2017-07-06 | 2019-07-09 | 北京中科镭特电子有限公司 | 一种激光焊接装置 |
CN111050983A (zh) * | 2017-10-12 | 2020-04-21 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 制造异种材料接合体的方法 |
CN108520854B (zh) * | 2018-04-25 | 2020-03-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种利用紫外光活化键合叠加式放置的玻璃与其他材料的方法 |
CN108520854A (zh) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种利用紫外光活化键合叠加式放置的玻璃与其他材料的方法 |
CN109020263A (zh) * | 2018-09-29 | 2018-12-18 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | 连接金属与玻璃的方法及其应用 |
CN109574479A (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-05 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十研究所 | 电磁屏蔽玻璃激光焊接结构及制作工艺 |
CN110451820A (zh) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-15 | 南京理工大学 | 一种应用于玻璃和可伐合金的飞秒激光连接方法 |
WO2022142100A1 (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-07-07 | 武汉华工激光工程有限责任公司 | 激光对射焊接装置和方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101091370B1 (ko) | 2011-12-07 |
EP2075082B1 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
JPWO2008035770A1 (ja) | 2010-01-28 |
KR20090073167A (ko) | 2009-07-02 |
US20100047587A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
EP2075082A1 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
EP2075082A4 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
WO2008035770A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
JP4894025B2 (ja) | 2012-03-07 |
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